(SANITIZED)SOVIET ATOMIC CENTER(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 73
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
STAT
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
"AT~MGRA1" e I 1
The moot imi)ortant Soviet atomic center ie located 300 kto. from the
Iranian b order.
...~, - -
About ten kilomete~ fzom Yc@'ovar-, capitF of Soviot Armenia, the
newly built highway which z'uns in a northeaotorly direction alonj the
h
a s River valley i? blocked o#'f. Ruoairtn poi ioe oar i'ully examine
dooumenta a bolon 3ingo of tiavolbrs. All roMe anc patho brt,nohi
off the highway are patrolled.
The area between Alaoi and the Knakiri !dountnina is roatrictod
and ~uard.ed by mombors of thc~ IT.K.V.D. This aroa, which is loco teii at
f! ,_*_.
oximatoly 60 ~ai1 omotorn north-oaut of -'i., contc nn the rtllagca
aPPs ,
~` t Speoiail~selected7.K.V.~.
of e'1 , Akhtd, ti~tt~., tint s Sy~CiC.,
aganti 03'o e,naignod to arroot arict: take to their noareat post any poraon
not authorised to onto tho s:'icl villagos, and to shoot thot o who ro-
siot capture.
It is otil] impossible to c1et'rmino exactly when the Politburo de-
cided to not u41 an atomic center in this one. 8uat today the atomic
'1 q
installations in the GLumush-Akhtt-Kanak t-Sakigay area are tho most
powerful in the Soviet Union.
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The ~nroblem of' olootri'ring such a vast atomic center provented its
being set up in Siberia. Electrification axrangennonts in Siberia would
have boon too difficult and time consuming. Soviot Armenia, on the other
z
hand, with its ,aja valloy water roaourcos offered bettor pogsibilitios
for rovicting the nocoasoxf electric power. Toward. the end. of 1946 all
inddustrios in Soviet Armenia worn subjected. to a strict rationing of elec-
tric power, which would perhaps indicate that the atomic center bogrx
to oparato at that time.
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Thia oontor, whioh io called ATOMORAD r1o. 1 by virtue of ite im-
port+ nee, ie under tape direot o~~inistrntivO otro1 of the oert' offioo
of tho 1I,K.V.D.
' u11 powe?ra woro ropArtcd t? he,vo been diver, por3onaUy to Soria
by Stalin fox tho rooruttmont of the neooeanry eoientiata and other por-
oonnol, the procurement of materiol, and the e~tporviaion of uranium
~~rr6,yk~vv, fncr~Eh~~~~~a~
aupp1ioa obtninOd from the min Ea of JeM+a, 3 A. ,Tiflis,
and Soviet Ooor;ia. Thin inforrnation wad roceivod from oocaparativnly
importont 1i.K.V,D. officia1i and eoionttut to ATOMG AD ITO.l.
7
The Tanga valley inctt.i.llatinna comprise four gent unit's, locatod
ropoat ivelY at KaaakL, Gumur~h, Akht,t, and. Sankiga,y. The ce unite are
n
connectnct by a road which originatno at tho head of the Yerevan highway.
Thin area containa three oina11 but well equipped airorta, with many con-
croto runwayo, manag?d by the LK.V.D. Transport planoa of the 11.K.V.D.
are uaod, oxclueively.
oxporimoi~ta wore roaiovod from Oor:- n~' ai l roaoaoinbled in ATOMORAD ITO. 1.
It in conf ir~1od that n 1rgo p 't of tho inata11E bona for phyaicc,l
Since A1~ri1 of 3.4D tho Soviot aciontiota Joffo and Kor~orov and thou'
f
~n a
ag>nirxtWjt~a ~'lorov and Pots?hcSc have boo~S at tho naa vafe;r inat:tllationo.
Tho, rare also aaaiatod by a group Of oxperionoed yOUfl Soviot soiontiata
as well as by Gorman ooiontiatn, who woro rooruitod sd trannferrod by
tho Soviot occvation authoritioa in Oor~ncny. Thoir nannol roraia
clonoly guarded aearet.
Each unit of the atomic center is located on the outskirts of its
corre~spand,ing vi11ao. All unite aro aimiiar to each other in thoir
general outline; Choy coneiat of oriormous roinfoa'cod concrete buildinga
enclo9Od by a roinforeod cancrot~ wa11, which ip one meter in width arul
front five to eovorl meters in height. Each unit has a einglo entranoe,
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which is heavily r( od day M ni ht. Ix ?tddi t ion, att f ive hundred
xZ.K.Y~A~
a ~va1s on the with1 there arA turrets which ara rnnnnect b r
motas int~
r t at n11 t ilea s.
Aoyoni the enoloatu~e, theirut builctiil ancounterod c1t' Qtly oppo-
aito to thO ?utrUOO hou ou tho U.K.V.A. dotnohmont. It ii a one-stony
buiicti . All persona nnct ccu~terici1a antorirl; tIIO;rnuncla nmot 1)itjs by
thte b~itlding. All oruofl,no1, aciontiotu incl~idd'i, or? onroi t11y tdonti-
iioa and ooc ro1~ect at the and of Bach wor!: Btlift. Tho N.K.V.p. builddtr
0130 housau tho tooljnioal director irc c m1 tI of oporationa ail hiu oloaoet
oollrtbotor?, who muot bo oon?idorod vtrtual pxisonoru, for they cannot
o anywhuro without t)ropor authorization. If ouo of thorn hrnc~ to lon1vo
the onclouuro, an automobilo r~nc1 ru'ttoc1 art are pln.ood nt 1iin
d1npooal.
Tho roaoorch 1aboratorioa are founcl. boyond, tho 1r.K.V.n. bui1.irtg.
They y ccrnuiat of ccu .,dive Btruoturoa whiooccupy largo aroaa. Thw etrua
turoe, howovor, aro an high ae SO m, Tho ronearch, atucly, oxpoximont,
and etcrago xoomo arro all vudorground. In all probability ATOMaBAD No. 1
ie tho largont atomic roaoarch oontor in the world, judg{gig by tho numbor
of raona eIployod thort. Aocord,ing to our sourced, tho Sokingay unit
alone (town as J-7), whore tho raw ,ratorial rocoivoa a proliminary ro-
fining treatment, omploys over 15,000 peroona in throo daily shifts,
namely G A. M. , 1 P.M., and 9 P.M - Tho C.
h unit (W-66), which on-
ga oa in the rorinomont of uranium, the doparation of iootopo 235, encl tho
g
oxtractir)n of plutonium, employe nearly 10,000 poraong in throo oily
hiftB namely 6 A.M., 2 P.M., aniL 10 P.M. Tho Kanakicoop! unit (Kz S),
a
which onga oa in plutonium roaaarah, employe nearly 20,000 poreonu in
three daily ghifto, namely 7 A. M. , P.M. , and 11 P.. The Alkht unit
X-83), which conair to of reeoarch, atudy, and, medical training Boattona,
(
eiirptoye over 25,000 perBone in throo daily ohifta, namely 8 A.M., 2 P.M.,
arut 12 P.M.
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doh buiidtnrl dap'tment 1ikowtaa has a spooif io dodo ayrnbo3.=
its own , artto4ar amj~loyaoa, who aye not a11owett to leave their working
1v to throe ho- t thQ duration o thei' ~hif t~~ ? add~.tion, ao entieta
ansignad tQ dif'forerrt units uy not exchange intorntion. This uncloubtod-
iy rot? da the progrosa of opvr~tttons, but this does not seem to oonoorn
the Soviot ofi'ioia1a.
Thor@ ar? ovr ?O,Qt0 poraons at the four tuiita of tho ~ a Valloy
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ing position and aro onga~ed to work on a oAntrnct basin. This group
atomic contr. R?1ativo1y tow of them, hnWOVOr, onjoy a froo baxgain-
tng the out sine world.
to provsnt word, of what is taking place in the Sanga valley from reach-
centration camla. The strictest measures possible, in fact, are takon
cion of ooptonago, the workers axe shipped to a regular prison or con..
finenont, pay cuts, and suspension of food and am 8ernant privileges. In
more serious eagea, where there may be founa even the slightest suapi-
and diociplinary violations are punisher. by long poriods of solitary con-
aloo made available to the workers. On the other hand, work deficiencies
their guaxdo. Inutructive moetinn, ochoola, anti political lectures aro
ing workers axe taken from time to time under the otrict aurvoi11anee of
thoatora axe in oporation in tho nearby vi11agos, where the most donerv-
workers at the timo of their oventual ro1eaoo. Somo movie hottnaa a,nd
iotrativo office. Thoao aavinbfn prooumab1y will be tined over to the
wa,en ie given to them, while tho rerna.inder in deposited at the adnnin-
the ATOMGRAD project wan initiatod. In addition, ono portion of their
iahin,; food, anc occupy tho honoo vacated by tho local populrttion when
trcitinn carnps. Thor work only hours a day, roceive plontiful and nour-
DOVOral importtrt privileg?a not unuarlly granted to prinonarn in oonoon-
lnoatly of Dorm at, Italian and Rumanian nationality. Thc,rsnjoy, howovor,
conoiots nroft1y of ooiontints d teohnioianr numborinf lonn than 1,000.
The refindnr oomprio?s deports?s and former pocieonerts of war, who are
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oientiets oi' ATOMGRAD )1A. 1 xaoetva as rmtah teohntoa.l aaeie-
The e
too pooeib1e. T1io ueoooeary inet'nnienta and other equipment are
e
. a
laoed at their die"oaal. T1W tiMta of raeearoh oonduatod by univor-
p D
and other oultural tnetitution? ago mado available tc them ae
eitioe
ntiata howevo, work live in an atmoophera of auepi-
aion, ?vo~i a mino' qu@otionablo eituatton usually moans the end of aoiArn-
tiata whc coma unclog euspioion.
unit chioi'o and labororo includod# is kept undor aonatant
Kvpryono,
A~roillanoo by the I. K.V.D. AY'ui ngente of tho L K. V. D. aotua11y
toohnzoiane, ohomiote, olootrtcal c tnoore, and a13
keep guiLs'd over
othor ?rnployooo throughout their worktn houri.
The pe r r~ ones/ of ATOMGRAD No. 1 oornpriaon nearly 5,000 women, moat
of whom are deports?a. Tho orform monial dutioo in tho four hoapitale
Y P
Sono in oaoh viu,ca), in achooln, roorox~.tien oont?rr, n mouth ha11a.
Oomppas cctivoly f ow wanen, who exo g'n4witoo of univernitiea and higher
s az'o erlo;pod in oo;no depextraonta of the e,tomio onorgy
technioal sohool ,
cro hou o&.tn aoparate dorniitorioo, bust are allowed
in?tallationo. They
to earns into social contact with male omployaea after wor1cin~ hours. It
io reported, in fact, that thus far nearly two hundred aarriOos have
taken plane at ATOMaRA,D No. 1, which soems to indicate that fai i1y life
is not antiraly irnpossible thore. Soino Soviet aoiok~tiats have even duo-
authortzatin to take their families to the atomic
oeedacl in obtaining
cantor, whore they aro housed in separate horn?s.
x
ormc)r inbitantr of the anga valley, nearly 20,000 persons
The f
led to leavo their homes and moat of their belongings
in all, were aornpol
re the ATO1tGRAD No. 1 projoot was initiated. They wvro
immediately bef o
a or tho Ukraine, whore they settled in villages
tranaferro~~. to Siboxi
and olkhOZes.
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"In aoveral dopartinonto of W-80 (O1wmiah) the omp1oyooa zroport for
duty ?quipped with Sao inaalca. Twq cr three timoa waok an alaria io
aou3idod and ovoryono participmtoa in ~aa drill.
It iB iin oaaib1e tc dotormino tho true naturo of tho oporationa whtoh
cro boinC carried on at 0 wnuuh. Sormo departmonto omit ethcr and w -
~nonia odors; othoro ea~td forth the alfno~.t imperceptiblo hurn of ~oneratore
in action. Tho ~quipmont of thoec dopartrno to oonoi?to of a mac of
stool and co~por tubon, cM a v?ry largo nwnbor of va1voa and dials of
the i;toc;t diape1 to and pooulicx typon.
It io impotolblo to 1darn anything directly from the ort1oyaee for
tho followi;gg rocaona: 1) Om)1oyeab are aboolutoly forbidden to diaouua
thou work ovon aanond th(;ma?1ves; violator" aro rruniuhed. most a?vurOlyi
2) employees know nothing boyont: thoir own clutiat~, and oven dciontiete
may not be approaohed by u.nauthorizod poraon8 under any circtivodtano?
3) it it not 1~-own whbthnr the pror3ucts of W-66 e o shippod to the other
unite of ATOMGRAD Ito, 1 or elsewhere. rIf
It is leaxnod fro; anothdq'oport that "all the matorialu required. by
the installations of J-7, W-06, Kz-3, and X-83 are shipped. there from
Terevan by moans of truo1 annoys. The N. K. V. D. duppl iea all drivora,
orterg, and armed 6uarda. Those convoyo always h.vo a dingle sestina"
P
tion and make no intermed,ieacy stops. Their arrival is ud11a11' preceded
by a stiffening of docurity measured at the point of destination. The
50 1c, stretch of road frola Yerevan to the atomic units id constantly
patrolled. All traffic other than the convoys themselves id lmitod, and
small planed reoonnoitex the skied above. On days whon now ahipmente
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r tho ttomio unite ooncorna .
!e ex eotedr, the nntiairor 4 t batteriea
are made rend; for action,
dome equiimont chi ATOMG1tAt Rio. 1. by Thin t rpe off' trano-
portat iAn is uaad 4oat1/ ~'O1 c-r?oi?ion inetramonte'
It has been impossible thus far to barn by what mon a and xoutoe
uraniuu~ supplioa roach too atomic innta,llati?nai
aiono oacuXity moao'tv11 a1onj; tho routo are as ntrict as thoy cc>r be.
Tho produota oi' to vsriour Rtomic units iu shipped in taro trucko,
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which a1wayt4 co in pnirc uncor cortoitorablo armod o~cort. On ?uoh ooca-
It hme boon possible tr 10 i~ tImt thoeo trucks bypada Yorcvrn, and
heat] in nort1oater1y direotiori. They onora11y tciko tho Tiflis hih~
wt1Iy, In the vicinity of Y?vtti~ tho tt'uck orowc arc? Choir oacorta ro
roplaccd b~ri?w por?onno1. Tho nor eocortc4 oaro goncra11y ern 11or in nurm-
ber thttin the i~rccedin~; O)Mt. Tlio tint crowo tknd oecortiJ%C trtiaa re-
turn imtnecUe.ta1y to their atwtionc. They arc nc-t pormittud to cnnverae
with anyone.
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We athfir frQM thQ few police roporte w!~ioh we he been able to
view, that life at ATOMGRAD No. 1 is ?neraliy loomy ~n4 painful, sl^
though it ha ite rare magenta off' plaaaaUitnoeo.
2 or instance, the police detaohuent of unit W-66 (O wiuah) roooivod
a oommuniontiOr. on 1N Aec?mbAr 1946 to tho offoct thet Aurin~ tho night
n woman on 1oyc~~! at tho mons hv11 of the first work shift had givon birth
to t babe jir1. ThA oorntn ,loa,tion t orib?d tho mother t a nativo off'
1to1rlff1sovo in UkTiao, who hr~d w a'kod in a onncontr ~tion on p in tho Ural
a
re~ioi~ for n yoniru1c1 had boon in tho employo of W-G i for nix months,
Tho oormnnuniaation a'4od thftt thin was tho first rooordod ohildbirth at
W-66, but gnvo no indication n,t~ to whothor cony apooial arriemento
would be ri to to caro for mothor ar4 child.
A fow th u 1ator1,te Police of W-6f.3 prop rod a monthly report, which
etatcd that durin6 tho proooding month (Novombor) 246 canon of illneee
wore reported, 13 of which wore auoconafu11y treated in the local in-
firmaries within a few dare, while the reiir.tM.er required hospitalization.
Meanwhile, therc occurred 6 doatht ; one way acc dontal; four wore due to
illness, Police offioiala porfor,nod ? rnariago ooromondes, 6 of which
involved de,ortoee, in ludta R) yoar old Gorman olectrician nam?d
Rudolph aoisaor, born in Wei~nr, and oaptured by the Rusoienn at ICiro-
vogradd in 1943. Tho seventh marriage involved two Russian froo workorei
A ccuplo deairirij to be nraxried must apply in writing to the local
polieo offico. Their application ctnir t boar the uignntur?s of two wit-
nearee and contain affidavits aignod by the applicants' auporviooro, ?f
the application in acoepted, tho applicantn unc1orgo a completo physical
examination and aro joined in marriage by a police official, who ontort
their namarr in a apocial register and authorizon thorn to live togothor
.me-
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in a house of hir3 ohcoain. Attu? thonrriE~o aorenrony, the nowlyweda
pz'oeeed to their :lor4e, whore they await their next work shift.
Qn:y on* l 1Tia o was rcportcd From 3anki ay (Jm?) during Ptovoibor
1948. 8overa1 cnnoa of i11noAa, inoiudiit n aoriofa poliomyolitie oa~e,
oocured at A3,hti (x..e ), A total of 9 cletto, inoik~dir, 4 aooidontcl
oraon, was reported from XLnal" . A Lithuanian doporteo ourployod at Ka.
ak wan ro;tortocl to tho dir oipli tsry o?nunittee.
ho 1949 Ohriatrctn aaanon bt'ru ht no oho o in routine at ATOMORAID
Ro.1, Than wia?o no wort: otoppa~oe, no spooic-1 monuo, cu no Deli ioua
aervioon. A nhort rod oat yirepnz'od by tho po1ioo detaohznent of unit
X-93 on 1 January 1949 stated tent a group of Italia i'ionore of war
woro fowici in a drunk?n t to in dormitory Ito. 1O:'9 by a polico squad
on night t1ty. ho nourco of tho vodka drunk by the Italian workere
could not bo ancortcincd, aevox'ai oharwomon and a Ruouijn enfployec. woro
found try have boon mo1ucted. Thin roport wao particularly interoatin,
becauco it containocl a footnote which roan "no action taken. u
Let ua turn now to tho individual filers kept on the 11oitiznna" of
ATOMOAI No. 1. T1~e following informe,tion hac bows extracted at random
from the voluminouo rooordo maintained by the police ctete.ohnmentc of the
various atomic unitr~.
The firct file to reach uo d.eala with "mechanic Pietr Soryatohuk,
born at Ticchcnt~ka (Don distriotl, .ory {1 ~~ ch 1913." He is a '~free~r
worker omployed by unit X?93 since 2 February 1949; receives 263 rubles
groc9 every fifteon days; is housed in a dormitory for men; and, io en-
titled to extra, food rations because he performs heavy work. This fLie,
which is brought up to date ovary two weeks, otates further that Soryat~
chuk is a aeriaus-minded and conscientious worker, whose conduct is aetio-
factory in every way. often he rocuostu ovartimo duty and rocoivee double
pay for each overtime hour, which is paid to him by separate payxoil.
9-
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}1t% oontraet ca11a far a thvee-yo+ r tQ~'m of duty. It to very likely
t~1At at the ont oi' hie i'irat year Uf duty ho will bo promoted to the
poeition of nootion euparvlnor with a salary inorQr~ae to 310 or 380
rubles per p&y poriod. It must be admitted that thin in quite it sum,
oanaiaariti; tha fast that fool, 1aF~ in ,and e1ath nG are pnict fcr by
the adn-inietration. BOryatoo11uk1a file QOn On to ntiy that ho beocuno
a n1aInb@3/of tho Coinmttni c t F ii'ty in 19-3C, but wfs o not vory gat ivu. He
aorVOd in a 1Zuueinn antiairarat't arti11cry twit dui'in ; World War II amt
bocMle crippled arc a rosult of a ,orr iour- 1u wound. Hie political o 1.u-
oaticm icc eloment '~' cirtd hits politidl oontributioncs almof-t nil.
Anot~lur file dor~la with scar niotont ohonic~L Walter Gott, born it
8c nrbrucle on 8 J~ no 191t" ; former Carmnn pric'onor of war; forrc~r nor, oant
parntroopor; woundo& a,nd capturod at Vorochilov~rad; deportoct to ATOM-
C~1tAt' No. 1 from n, cnnoontrntion ca,m following; hici applicn.tiosc for om-
ployront cits,t?d 18 ~tovornbor 1948, Got, works nt, X-'83, H~ in a dependable
and accux'nto worker, rtncl in well likoci by hin cruporioro. ho han haul
good politict,1 trc~ininL; and bao appliocl for momborahip in tho Comcmtiniot
Party. Ho in currently t&tin ontranoe oxcuctincttiont. Aftor working
hotirn: he alwayo attondri political mootin rs whoro ho ofton clolivora npooohoo
to hin follow doportoari.
Another file doncornt ccrnochnnic Alfred Radc&kotwe j, bore in Prncun
on 27 AW unt 1898, Ruaaian citiuon ninco 1030"; froo workor; ernployod by
a munitionf plant nrnr Denpropotrovnk before ti;n!ng a 3-yew' contract
with Unit X-83. Rr4c1cotzo j in r. ,Good. worker with nxcollont political
trainin4.. Ho nlno holds a ponition ~n the props ancla office oi' tho local
Comimuaint Pnrty noction. Ho to married, but hen no children. His wife,
a Ruanian national, t,lno works at X-83.
It would appo?x, from the foregoing thn.t life ie not too difficult
for the "citixenoc' of ATO14ORAD No.1, and this may well cpply to tome of
them; but we potaant a great doal of information to the contrary.
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
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1'or i gat ce, the f i1o dealing with J. Lenokwtfo, a, Lithuanian
"laboror", t4o 3, &nwli t1~t he wcia doported to ATOMGRAD To. 1 from
, oanaa;~tr ct1An oa ,where ha hoa baon ka t in aolitary oonfinaiaont
fora total oi' usorly two yettrt na a roault of viriouo oi'fonaaa ohnrged
e,gainat hiui. Ho war naaignod to work na a laboz'er? in w~t'ohouao of unit
X-83. The the deeoribora him da "intelli ;ant ud lonrnod", but "anti-
ooaut ir"t~~ o, icl. "inolinod to ~'~coiat aontitnonta". Dooidodl atto-npto hAVO
boon n Uo to "oonvort" Loonkwtis to Oonimuni?t doctrinen at tho concontrel-
tion ownp ttp wolf at ATOMORJtID Rio. 1, but ho otill re?'uaoa to give in.
Ho arrived nt unit X.O ~ on Apri1 19~J and wee ?oon roprimnndod for
"Door offort". Ho wcu ac`f;ignod to n dor"-itory oocupiod by Ruof ian, Gor-
man ctird Lithuanian deuorteoo, and immediately undertook to "oubvort" hie
roonmatoa. Ho also onrriocl on t violont anti-bolnh?vik oampai;n among
tho workoas of hie dopauit.nont. Tho young Lithuanian deportoo ie known
to lmvo attached the atomic roaoarch activities of ATOMORAD Zfo. 1 in
he "?ubversive"tpeochee. He is quoted ao having dolivered the following
opoech to hit roonimatoc. "We havc boon eported hero beeauco we havo
had1 the courage to opl~oee Choir filthy regime, or rather beoaune we have
been naive enough to toll them exactly what wo thought of their several
theories. Thuo they have oapttuod. ue and put us to work fox tho strong-
thoning of their own oystom, just i the Kazin ones did. But could it
be that we are working for the cause of roace? Or building hospitals,
roads, and houees? Not at all. We, the arch enemies of Ruoeia, are
actually orcod to make atomic bombe, with which ahe will oppose the
bombs of' hose other fine huinonitaxian g?ntlemen in the United Statea.
We are compelled to provide this ooloreal deetructive madhine *dth
the ddeadliost moenn of destruction. The H hour of tho bloodieat of all
wars in to be dotermined by our present activitiee. We know, therefore,
exactly what we are working for; war; we know for whom we are workings
the architect of chaos; and we know against what wa arc working; human
freedom and dignity. Than what can we doI We can do nothing to atop
.r ll .
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
thin deatruotive mac iaa~ but we oan rotw a to o ntributo be the propar'.
tion of thf roatost of n11 arimaa, bettor dti11, we oan roto~'d this pro-
Thu fore otn~ n apoc r~ uncterlto t in red anti board tho notntion"tn-
citnmont to sabot o. a The ftlo 1t o includes a o~i voroatioa which took
placo onoo in a storage room burin working; houxa botwoon Loon1cwtis nd
a t,olioa informor, whorin thaw are idontifiod as "L" c'In rnopoatively.
L - Thoro is no wny of avortin, World Wnr III. Wo aro not i cforniod
hope, but it may wall be that wAr afro, dy has broken out Oouiowhoro,
althnu&'l not in Ruaaia.
I - How can you ray that? Wo havo no nows frog. tho outside world.
L - If Thuaeia were on a oct in war, you would eon a tremendous dis-
play df Arm?d might in this area.. ,
I - Then, according to you, thorn count bo war.
L -Not accord:in to mo. According to tho Soviet system. Aoaidoa
tho fact thc.t all diatatorshins load to war, tho Soviet ro imo
wa, ntL war, total and abbo1uto war, for that rogime neoda such a
war in order to nurvivo anti initiate tho true Soviet way of living,
At any rr3to, what ig being producect horn is a clear ini.ication of
the intentions of Stein anti, his comradoa. Atomic bombs arts not
made for the purpoo of apreactin; the doctrines of a political party,
much 109E to curd hay fover.. .
I - It may be argued that they aro boing produced in order to coun-
terbalancc atomic clevolopments in tho United States.
L - Cortainly; but that doog not a;Lter the fact that we are junti-
f ied in our belief that thus far a now world war ha.s been averted
only bocause the Soviet Union does not as yet consider its atomic
armament equal to that of the Unit :pct States,"
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I
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
It would be difeult to rol~te ht X11 tbo reports turned in by
the var ou~e informero ~ Qigned to observe yours ieAnkwtiz. It is deemed
advienbleo th~r, fore, to dive onli the let avnilable report, which tol-
3owa in outline torus,
"At the oncl Af ha shift ho did. not leave wit's the others, as id
euutomar '. He rem thed in tht etornco iron fair nearlJ ton minutes. An
immodiate chock wad mAdc, pnt4 it w la ctiiocovered tl'ti.t several piooea oi'
ic-ael~inorr 1boon cnovod to seer pooitions. (Aut)o rye nta: A~~uarartly~
over i cnd o i aai ?n a owr Lc1,,u ~r orLaco
in ?''!L -? avo~it ha mful do a ,p, ~, It ie probab -o thtct rovoral ap u'o
1ft1't c' of . , , , ( ,. 4+~~ ins n r?a Q ib ?noaar, a, nosh ~ o rte. ____
or inat~'umont~1 wo~o for'nd drtrfod,"
.::..
The introO:uctory part df tho r?port onde with the etatat~ont that
Le~jnkwtid oporatoo alono. Hia follow workora linton to him willingly,
but to riot follow him for fear of being ouei~eotod, by the police.
"In the clormitory youni Leonkwtiz otancia eloso to tho entraroe when
ho hartuttoa hie roommates, in orc'er to hear appronoh1i1; otoe arc' quidk-
ly (uieb cl hici atuIienco. Ha aaya; "We mutt do gontething at nil coats.
We mu-it ator) boing their acoomplico. Thoy hurt ue; we moat endeavor to
hurt them. It woula be a great aatisfi ctiorn to us to a,r+t.il our rde
but that would be impoeeible. It is better, thorefora, Qimply to retard
opei'r tions, Sor-ietimaa a trivir~.l ovoraight can oaut a production to sloth
up connidersbly. ilhat d.ooa it coat uo? And. bogidoc, it afforcic ug the
opi~orttu~ity to dupe their perfect organization, when they begin to euai
pest ua, we iritc3rrupt our game temporarily, only to roaume it at a more
opportune tlmo."
( Informer ' a Comment one of hie li~tenera ten him that he is mad.;
others laugh. Leonkwtiz bc~comee excited. Their tell him bb otop his acti-
vitieo, lost ha canoe diffiaultieo foss ovoryone. Lennkwtiz begins to in.-
cult the government and. tho police. The approaching steps of the roving
patrol puts an end. to tho
w l3 ..
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At the @n4 of he report thi followi ; wovuo appea3' unctor11ned in
red "O wi' e d with oabot e." Tara report ie dated 11 Juno 1949.
Wht became of the yg Lithuanian robelt lit moral dici hits fe1"
low works o de 'ivts from hits oaoes
r of antineer Sohvadkyan is alto ai nificint. Rio file its
The oto'
ff ice of thn police dat~chmont oi' W-6( at diw-uo1~. It read,
kept in tha o
"1n6irioo3' Tiodorovioh -~chvadkyan, born at Tiflis on 9 beptombor 1901=
for11c3 chiof of the ar~aambly dopaa'tritont Mf tho U1 itod Intlat *tt 1 P1ant a
of Moakoyewlcao?ntanood to 6 yenxo of doportation on ohar6oo of inof-
~
its ieYicY?11 An oXplanabor;t noto ?tatao that thfo inofficiency roforrod
f
- ualitY n toril prod:ucocl by hia doprtmont. Ho errivod.
tnoo~tly to 1owq
at W.6' on 7 Dooo,-,tbfar 1945 afft~r aovo'al rnontht~ of impriconmont in a
~
1ooat~ad its Stalino provinco. Ho wca aaaignoci to thc~ an?on-bly
psrigon
of machinorY. Ho proved to 'be o,n oxoellont worlturc, anti,, aftor a fow
tha at W-66 war petit in ahArgo of a noction and givon a good. na1 Xy.
men
ox
The f tv gat sot appot r in s in thin file atato a s " xonllent worker a;
ert iii hie work; rontia,rkabld influence on hia coworkers; highly offi-
cont. H.ia proviottia puniahmont harp hc~c1 a noticeable aff'oot on him; it
i
is evident that he its axioun to effect a rohM.bilitation."
Tha aecnnct note, addocl after Sohvadkynn~ a promotion, rew.o; "Satio-'
factory in every rent~ect. His aeation is one of the moot efficient in
W-66. Groat ability to auporviue work ant deal with hie nuborctinateo.
Excellent politice,l training,"
The third note thacribeci hia accomplishments during tho first four
months of hia aooignment. The general tone is similar to that of the
rocodiig notes; it ench with very favorable oommontd.
p
l'ho last note is dated 18 May 1049 and atatos: "Serious inefficiency
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in tho work of tha motion. Groat deTote notioet in tho material pro..
duce.; a maohine o~cayeci by the aeotion has bean found detective and, has
caunod ooneidar~ib1e clolayo in production. Tho aaotton ohiof has boon found
oomp1ote1y ronponaib1o for this." Thia phr ao foi1owo undorlinod in rods
'IOhar;od with aaboto, n
The o' natant preoooupation of tho olioe of tho ttntomic sons io
caunodd by fo t of wontaroapio:~ ;e. While thci AT014GRAD To. 1 o ion io
4oairab1o frotu tho purely too1utico,1 atandpoint, it pveuunto oxtrouo1y
serious prob1oma of aootwtt1 and protlation in victor of the nearn?oa of
the Tu31'1:iah anc~ Ircnian bordorc. It, opita of the tight notwork of cur-
voillence maitairecl by tho Runniann a1on~ tho whole lon(;th of thono bor-
dora, tho numoroun ponnibilition of infiltration on the port of Amorican
Anc?: 8ritinh aoc~et a vnta cause oxtrome diaoonifort far Soviet counter-
eapionao in t1:d roion of ATOM(PAA No. 1.
fish a voriteble neutralising oocurity bolt around ATOMcE.AD No. 1,
the endlona precautions taken to the eedlonro precautiono taken to eatab-
It is ro1toonab1o to assume that what ie produced in the arra val-
1odr is no lone;or a myat~ry to waotorn ocpior o. ghat in tho roaaon for
on them.
a prison or a concentration c~unp; more often tha Soviet patrols open fire
who uco no dincriminrtior, whataoevor. Thor aro lucky if they end up in
Sometimes a nomad or a group of nomad,n crone tho Tt'rkioh or Iranian
borders cLandestine1y. Most of thorn are cau ht by the Soviet police1
No aircx' ft is authorizocI to fly over ATOMGfAD To 1. The akioc abovo
the antra valley aro roaorvod exclusively to aircraft employed by the
atomic satab1ishmnnt9 in the area. All other aircraft, even if belonging
to tha Soviet Air I'orco, will be fired upon by the numerous antiaircraft
battorieo ctationoct in the valley. No auoh inoident has occurred thus far.
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The files of the police detachment of X-B relate aOVOrfl epieOdOU
in oonneoticl with woatorn ooj4on4o otivitiec araund Atou~ ral Zoo. 1,
An Armoni'n proaoher from Yercviu have to X..83 police their first
oaut O tnr 1lcioty. Tie proachosr, proawn 1y ~in('.av frays tic open, usod
to ivo daclanitory opooohoD on tha highway and Uroctad invoottVOa a tint
.
thoo who, acoo1 t1 t t him, lid clcviatcd From the right path indicated.
o
Lo~cd anal lug oo id@d tr p' t1 e oocrot n of nsiti~ 'o for do ntruct ivo
by ttt~
e0, Then, ae if to ftrninh proof of what ho swotted, he would
pnrpoo
point toward thoangra valloy and: ito atoiitic eotablinlttnto. "Thooo, ho
would say, nothifi f but thn dlovil ' o overt woxr1cnhopcI u
Tho polico of X-83 soon rocoiv?d wort of to thou, htlean preaoheiwt interrui~tad right in tho middle of one of hip impannioned sermons br
a larCo number of Sovi?t agonts, who forced, him into an automobile and
drove off at root sPood in tho direotion of AkhtL. Tha poor preacher
~
wet su1,jeoted, to oxtonaive interro~atihn. His inquisitors were convinces
,
that tho woro clcaling with an obvious cane of eapionage and wanted to
y
z.il;s concerning hip orgt?nization. The report clone not iiidicate
knave der
Tether or not the prosacher ever confessed anything. It is known, how-
ever, that ho we.g never aeon main alon(; the roads of Yerevan.
Another report statea that during the winter of 1948 -4 9 a small
police patrol reooived word from an obaervation post locatoci at Tabriz
that as British agent was attempting to cross the Iranian border. Counter-
a ionsgn agon swung into action at once and auccoedded in locating tho
ep
ritiah agent in an Iranian frontier town, whereupon they arran;ed to take
B
him clandestinely into Soviet territory, whore they arrested him. The
report adaa only the fact t1at the British agont was a Petrick Jempson,
age 43.
A similar caee occurred in February 1949, but had a &ifforont end-
ing, The X83 police received, information from Tabriz tlmt an American
giant, whose description wan known, wo.s~ about to outer into soviet tares
. 16 -
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ritory. Soviet agents located him Ifan and offered to hole him cross
the frontier upon odtvanoo poymont of a large suit. The oroaaini of the
frontior wao w~dortaicert of night at a place which apu'ed to Novo bean
left ungt~cdod by the uaaiana. Tho American giant baou a suapioioue
and, after roaohing Soviet torritory, audcton1 axcapecl from his travel-
ing ooutpaniona with the aict of darknouo sect of tho aurrouair woods.
Tho 5oviot agents ggvo tho alarm ant/ tho entire aroa beowae vivo with
pol iaouton and g ui hot. Tho Ai orican agent ooonpeci, but the ro wao no
indioation that he utight havo roturno~l to Iran. On the oontrary, the
next mornii:tg there foa~printa woro found which indicated thi t ho had
maddo his way deeper into 5oviot Sorritory. All r0l4da in that region
woro blocked at once, nnc a tight dre~not w:tc~ unctertakon. The American
agent, of course, ncvor ouc000ded in roaching tho angrdl valley, but it
is otiil a n~yutory how ho wan able to eaoaj o the aoaroh conductod by an
ozitire police brigade and oovoral extremely able Soviut oountor-eopion-
age agents.
The report ad.mitn dofoat in torso termo. A oupplemontary note etatoo
that information has since been rooeivect from Turkey to the effect that
a person ancworing the deacription of tho excaped American agont has
been located. there.
Another report otatea that one stay a guuarct of X-83 noticed a pigeon
flying into a garage and f1yiri away shortly afterwarde in a eouthorly
diroot ion. mho guard noticed. the same occurrence a few clays later and
reported the inoident at once. finally, it was discovered that the
pigeonta destination wan the office of a metallurgical eetablieha-unt,
where thirty-two poreone were arrested. The pigeon wa,e capture and a
email celluloid dace wc;a found, tied to one of its logo. 1t was learned.
from the first interrogation of the prisonere that a meohanical draftsman
employed. in tho metallurgical establishment had a mania for courier
pigoone and po@aeseect a small brood of them. He ueed courier pigeone ao
r-17..
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a rneana of cQHuauniaation with a follow worker employed in a ~ara~e off'
x-63. The two frieaware able to prove that their maaaaLea had bean
of a purely !:ernQiu i nature. It way oab?tb1iahc(t aloe thtt the drafta-
I& way homosexual. In view of thane extonuattiv oiroumatancea, both
workor:a w~ro en?Y "deprived of freadorn" for 3 ;pears.
At pointed out provioualy, no ono at ATOMGRAD No. 1 known rnuoh
b0y0l74 hie own o horo of activity. Ai a roault, the polico havo few
if any ocoaeionfa tc) deal with violationa of intorna1 aocurity. Onoo
the polico 1A1rnod that a worn worker hact baanted to hor roornrnatoa
that he know porfoot1y not only tho orgar~i~at1A2 ant production of X-63,
but also the total numbor of bombo produced rrinoo tho boginni of
opontioin at AT'OMGRAD No. 1. A polico invocti;ntion ctooortainod that
this woman waa familiar with technical tormo uaod at tho plant, although
ctho wcLf employed o~1y in tho production of tranrifo~moro. ~horeupon aho
wac arronted and confuaodly rolatod all thttt aho knew, which turnod out
to bo pure fantasy, completely unrelatod to roality. Hor knowlodge of
technical tor,iin woxplainod by tho fact that oho wag the paramour of
an anginoer employod in a highly aocret dopartment. 1'he reault waa that
tho engineer ant tho woman were "deprived of freodorn" for 3 and 1
yoa:a ronpectivoly.
It gooe without saying that morn gorinue inoddentg must have taken
place in the "atomic Zone" of tho %cngra valley, but I have boon unable
to obtain gufficiont informt t ion to relate them.
AcoorcUng to unconfirmed roporta however, the most ceriouo incident
involved a Gorman gciontict, who had boon kidnapped from hig home in
~?rlin at the beginning of 1945 and deported to ATOMGRAD No. 1. It io
roportod that he eeoapod from unit J-7 in May 1949 taking with him var-
ious chLrta related to the output and operations of that unit, which
had ~d,rtually bc~en managed by him. Rumor has it that ho wac ovontually
-18-
tt Hfl:
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caapturet b;' the Runoff n~ In the vicinity o? th4 k1oh ii'ontier,
It mufit bo un~toratood, that tho the ve rwora ire unoonfirrnot But
w1 at iti oort,in iu that no o~tw1o;re o AT~MGR~D Uo, 1 is pormittod to
1oavo. In fact, whit t m Soviet police do thei'o may bo connect o,o tho
dovi1i~ own work,
.E~rD-
SEGEf
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
and-turCiLI bi;Y tht~ 11u-ust-'tt-i 1tt tlt) v t -, tot ty it' thu Tuxk tah rt'c?>t iur.
It 'nullt hU ttltlol'~tt,ot t1,i-t t1u t-t-~-vt' a!ttutot'M- nu'u un-~4~-~,Ct~~ito~t~ 73ut
wl-tlt .t II COt'tntn i- tI n tut otis inyttn Mt1 A't'*t(ktAD Uo, t ti- k~at~ast1tto t to
.toitvo~ 17t r1-ot, whAt th t;t)~`le-t -u~tloo ~i~ tll~~ro uu-y 1-r~ -1df.1t1t t nu tht~
-trv:tt - -i ow-% woi'k,
L T
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060073-5
50X1 -HUM