(SANITIZED)PUBLICATION ENTITLED, I RETURN FROM RUSSIA, BY FRANCISZEK BORNET(SANITIZED)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060081-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 44
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 4, 2012
• Sequence Number: 81
• Content Type: REPORT

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50X1 -HUM
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I RETURN FROM RUS8IA
by Tr~iszk Bornet
x w.i born in I yorxa in 1837, arxd want to Ruaaaia at tive yerre
of i-ge with rq father, w1io wao an otfioial or tho Cz idit Lyonnais
Hank in Odessa. I root ivod my high school education in Switzerland
and waraua graduated from the school of meaha~nice and eleotroteohnology
in Geneva. I returned to Ruuaiu uxxt received my first appointment
in 1909 ae mama ;er of a railroad dopot of a Fronob oompeny in
Ruchenkovo near Iusuvka (stulino of today). My salary was 125 rubles
a month, pluae a 125 ruble aharo in profits. The coot of J ivix,g wu
lows mpr expenaes wore 30 rublos a month. There woxo no doductions from
income ? only rubles a your for income tax and 3 rubl?a a your for
a hunting licence. Ono could feoly travel aLl over Rusaia and
cross the boundary, t r last visit to in nce waa in 1913. A your
later, war broke out. Inaamuch as I was exempt from, military service,
I did not have to return to my native land. In 1916 I witnexxaed
labor unrest in factories and the Brat appearance of he Tchoka.
In 1922 I had an opportunity to to 1'rance but missed tho laat
traT for emigrants. I was finally forond to accept the position of
manager of the 8harbinovka metallurgical plan which waa part of the
large Khenkovo combine. From that timo I held various poaitiona
and nlwaya enjoyed. the speoia1 privileges of management personnel.
In 1931 I was sent to Magnitogorak. At that time it waa a
steppe inhabited by nomads. Inexhaustible depoeitu of magnetic iron
had just been discovered there. Everything had to be built from the
start under the moat difficult woather cor4itiona 50 below freezing
in winter and 40 degreea in summer, with violent changoa in tempera..
tune. There were no roads and we lived in portabl? barracks. About
COIF!1
FTiRt
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c
2,500 ki texa distant, in Xusnot Jc south o N
~ ovosibixok thorn
wero rich deposits of high , c veal. A combine wag orgftnize~ i
we cent iron to Kutnintsl and fought coal beak to ,
~i~~rnlc?
Among the tiret workora in agnitogorak there were
mar
ordinary criminals iaantanood to hard labor, o pof
r itiaal
priaonexa. They worked under the clireotion of torei
Bn opooialiats,
who worked by contract and were r d in d oU u ,
? The work,m
poorly fed and were not permitted to drink
liquor. TThe ,foroignere
could buy &nythin1 they wanted in atores oat u for
their oxaluiye
use? The Soviet workers a?oepted this otate of atfaira
without
murmur, riince they were tt,ught that toy t renounce ove
xy-th
for tho good or tho population but that f ore
ig~aers oooj,?ration wuo
indiapom$able oI it wan thereto a?oeae to
cy' r give foreigner~a all
that they wore acouetomnd to. Thug, a year 3~ after the start, they
had a bla~et furnace, Martin turnacoai and roiling mi11 e~ in o;eration?
By that time there were 40,000 workers but none
of taiem could bra
in their familiee becauoe of he houai shorta
~ 0re ?
In 1932 I left Magnitogorsk of ziy own free will to wank in the
Donets Baain. Five) years later, I roturnod to L
k-gni.togorsk an
director of the gae works and found a modern city with asphalt paving,
trolleys, and automobiles, the latter for the
use of various manages
All the high otfioialn lived in three-eta, ngliahwetyle cottages,
with bsneunt and kitohen, furnished at plant e
sxpane, and gardens,
For the upkeep of tho gard?na, over 100 oo cable
~ d rrere spent in the
year of my return. The worker were a little bit better situated,
but there waa sti11 a great ahortago of hoes
? The workers lived
in three-room dwellings, Officially, one such d
telling unit was
aseigned to a familye, but in practice one unit had
~ to serve three
familien? They were model aparta~nte with
an~ seater, a4ntrral
heating, baths, eta.
CONF1D(T1A L
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060081-6
2,500 kilo otere distant, in Kusn tek, south of Novosibirsk there
were rich depouita of dish grade coal. A combine was oriaedj
we bent iron to Kuehniotak and brought coal back to Magnitogorsk.
Along the i'iret workers in Magnitogorsk them were many
ordinary' criaaixutls aontanoad to hard labor, o political
prieonerd. They worked under the dirootion of foreign specialiste,
who worked by contract and were Iaaid in doiars. The workers ware
poorly fed and were not parrntttod to drink liquor. Tho foreignere
oould buy xunyythini, they wanted in stores eat up for their exclusive
ugo. The Soviet workers aooeptcd thin state of atfaire without
murmurs wince the; wars taught that toy taunt renounce ovorything
for tho goad of tho population but that forei ern' oooporr~tion wat
inaiap naeble antI it wt* th?refare nooeaeary to give foreignoro all
that thoy wore accustomed to. Thus, a year after the start, Choy
had a bluot furnaces Martin furnacen and rolling mi~.la in operation.
By that tide there were 40,000 workers but none of thorn co~ild bring
in their familioe beoauae of the housing ehorta e.
In 1932 1 left bignitogorok of my own free will to work in the
Donots basin. Five years later, I returned to Liagnitogorok an
director of the ganworka and found a modern city with asphalt paving,
trolleys, and automobilea, the latter for the uoo of various managers.
All the high officials lived in three story gng1iahpntf1o cottagoe,
with basement and kitchen, furnished at plat exponae, and gardeno.
:'or the upkeep of tho gardens, over 100,000 rubles were spent in the
year of my return. The workers were a little bit better situated,
but there waa still a groat shortage of hoes ing. The workers lived
in three?~room dwellings. Officially, one auch dwelling unit was
aeeigned to a family, but in practice one unit had to serve throe
families. They wore model apartn nto with running water, contral
heating, bathe, etc.
G
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At the preaont ttaa, 1M nitogomk i i the iaxgeat u ta1lurgical
oontor iri RUZUIia. It has t'iVe blast t'urrwooon nd a population of
at Yet 500,000.
Wboi'ouzs a4' obuorve~tiona dh.te back to 1941, try htili holCl
true today. I bluvo boon able to verity than i'uot that up to
0rtober of tllie yur r U-ore were no shun o except far the inoreute
in p4 y. Ri 'WV Z'1 mace thO ca?t 01' 11ving inoreaood much more, the
Soviet workers s st+undard oL' ilving hua dropped atilt lower. The
Soviot uyutorn owou itu exiutonc:o curly to abeoluto contralization.
privElIA) :U~duotry doom nat oxitt, nor iu thoro atay privato co mnerce.
Everything b( long G to thm ti tato. 'rho n aj or part of the agricultural
prtiluotion of kolkho~sAa and ctovkhozee goon to the atata. One muut
aoknowlodgu, hosovor, that contraliaation in wail organized in USSR.
With a population Chat is diligent and han only primitive needy, the
-3ovio t Union !icu ovary proroquiu ito not only for rapid roaumption of
oporutiona in all to factorioo d?a~troyod during tho war, but also
for the natiafactory completion oi' the Five-Yasur Plan.
In ttnp with the mere quo in productions the organization of
rainintriea mutt also be expanded, ainco the mini3trien are the
Managing cc+ntem of industry, agriculture, and food production.
Each of the minis triou ia truut. However, the iroduction of
each is dependent on the production of the otheru. For example,
the production of the miniutry of the heavy machii.e industry is
dependant on other ministriea for the delivery of raw materials,
Fuel, etc. Thia is where the phrasing commieaion enters into the
picture. A program of production is worked out for ovary minintry,
aetting down the prooi.ie quantity of production for the year, quarter,
and month. No ministry is permitted to uet ita own prices but
COIFIIPOTIiAL
4
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c~wEMna~
fo11ows ttpacii'ia ilirc~ctiunri f'rc?~i uhuyE~.
;uoh t.,iil Utry :1 i ;aubdivt.1sa
ltltts Or'uuo dota xttt0rtttr y 1'oi t,x~L :piu co, per, nickol, tin, 1ott1 i
~t
tirb1or the i in1t try of 1lUllw (~ ?l U~~:~ ._.L t.:l ! i l v 1ryt ! 1111 j ~
dt4. y
cOtltl ali,r)d 1t, k ioovJ. :.1o-.covr i:t tho bi'tU i. It j.a,iuvu this o lcxo
.
ui?l I.:lrt t2 uCtioriLt. TI &i rorat ,,.c,.:(Utfa thu ordor'u
1:.t4s1'R.i ly,
y
::bti Co
jitl tout ~.ccccf p'ti()n.
})s:GtUviy arul
,ach tr ,rt1.t ?y Eruh'aivide!r thrt pittn r co1 1.n: to
T1() latter$ ,tn turn, 1uand it down to tltu 1~reto~.1c d, 1'ot rieUw Lira/
Uhort ! ho ,r~iluotiOf p1(U alms trith ricoo, ruci~oc t1 o
rnlnc p. 1'
actory.t 1~i 'irt1t chi:iCHaLied in L1r) (.oxW~rUrtirtt t~rt11.. Iit hiri v~Jrty
pi
} e t.L :~IIetXd of rjorkora lataoruTLorr I,u,1hi~tx1 Jitjt tire, (1~1I )j I j ~yf t.hc
r, t,h~tt tit, t,h(r ~~ut2U i.iOUtlfl :r~ 0C t~o1'1w a t) l,riy rc; iRtl not
oitt: b coptod t';ratnftif1.yi but OVQtir1 UX,,tlrt(trd 't;ftlt
a
t, ~lfoncatarl clrul c
(1aunt,er. prvpr)u,. is to inprOrt:iO th,.t rL1tOLtt. Tho iiicuuoiart r!aY c;;it~rtc
ovctr j)'raion: id ((Intl rtu orutta ntin~ ;o , ' ut till:) roUUi t nnwpx varios s
~
llia P )O: vr3,Ll be ca '1.'(1 c)ttt~ t,ho rh~ot!~u 1flOJ Overt 170 ,1_ncrortscad~
. ;x
u ltca ra nl.y ~ 1rnr3.u; ~ 3.b1, oh jOction;; &L O t;: ~noo 1xtx'tctln J.n;: to thO etc '
ncl t
t, dt:u Qf 0 OCUtiOtlto oxc rntization of tho ciork in tho ('ctctory, or
functior1r1i; of cos ta1it ,13.viu on i. T1u~ supply aitUatiofl is
t,1za poop
c.1tiia:is tlao objoct of aovoro cr1tlci;J t ti.t ':orkora' troth :s. ;-any
doroatoxJ romark? tuna mtido about tho ctu LLty or ciothinanL1 foal
n
?
provided !.'or ttho workors. This ivea to appaaranco of groat
activity on tho part of tho workora. Criticism 1)rov1clo3 ti safety
valve so ion[; uO it vents itsoif an minor of1cia13 and t1003 not
affect tho cliroctivvs of the rniniaj ry.
Criticiom of nno~ s on work and that of othnra ii the spur to
Qator Production, but ont rrru t apply' the proper technique. If
~'
anyone wanto to eagt asporeione at the work of has aoc later, ho
must first ba 1n with criticisi'~ of h1s own work. In thin, way the
worker tnko the iocul and dime shay ltia own risk.
C ONFIRTI lit
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Onco the annual jwt: i'tht In tU lop Lad at tltts workoxii I taoot~int;
( t}ti.u iia u.lwayu dons ?:r~th fant}trtu tt ~ ? 1 t: will lit riott iii tilt
Ltinuttm) Utri ~.duinluti'at1vo t'rork bt, ,I
_U t i`tu:it 1r0 dr? Jf ui ;
1,"or Lho 1-ortiri nt4 i~ip:tt'tiuont rat" tllo ui1ri1~atr~ c)~lU ttix'rtt.1tl ; u1.i t,1tc
roclui.r'ii 7 ,.tai i~uitarrir~1 i .~n.l rar)tinLL t +u oL' )c 1c ot,or, v,cttr,, fuo1,
ini )IMrxnL.i~ r~.1 r.,ttc!11nOt) t'o iit'titj. toy l;tr*ta iriuat IM overiookod.
t; ?;a I: I of t ltt irit, th ~.lu'tt~i? grit, ,tpj, t t~itt to othor i>t;oiteiou
i:or ?Uita rctgri t rig, i i'un .:. it o ++t~- t;erta t+~ a U tr,rx , t t~ is t~Ito attnuai t)1'4?
~luc l;1(~ii +)tltitniItA i L-ru'i ii' ttCy t lUp t;i?i;rt'ritof thulr a~tc1uIuit.
iuirt.;atiLut.L:in e O LFJn 1 t jfa1'~c;2~.-Lf1- tftrt~uet.fiL; vory ~1tt2O2u fluty
Lc, '.nark, `I'M1o csfl'tfc~ k,ta of tt+t)O I)1u? x'ai hU aJ?e i`a '.' et-chin ?.
prrticn. 'I'hnorot1cu1 !
,, trio mnnE~L:1xtc 'iirf-c:ta' of t,im p1.Wtt nood
not be) it Comm iut, a1t1touh i i4LWcx nctvtar nown a cliroctor vrho VIILf
not ti Intf I1bor oi thca party. liia aotfiuLfxfft- tcf R~ t1,~- U!~shntoiai iri~-n,a:;car
anti t11p cttlo1' ()1ft;t.nour. 'I'}tcay Li'(' 1'c)r)pcf11uili1r.f to t11ra truut i1 ts; it
a'atlpoctivo clopsu'ttrfntu but t.hoy U~ ' flat, run Utc fact
1~01)ortp ;~t~bJ,iuhcxl in tho jfroan ini'orming ;.~ts~i1n ~fi' thu t.-ctivution
oi' a nu?f pl:Lnt, or divi:ii.on aro rciwaya iii, ;nod by tho minni;in,; director,
tho J tort' Vary of tho CoI1uni.~d~t coil, ar1I the Uc~c11rIt/~Lt' r of ho labor
union, a:l.:t ;thurifllr roaporwibiit.ty i'or condit1an;i at thu pifmt. Tho
manaE inf; director .t.ncl both iccrot.arinu aro crcl].od upol' to wbmlt
report.) at Gonumini.tt nnontingn in thc, fii i or ror;ion on tlfn 11ro1roua
of the work nt tho plant. 'I'hny i?niut a.1.uo :iubin1t rophf'tt;x to t.ho
;300rethry of tho party t'or tho ivon roinn or prov:b co.
The chief loaclera of tho provinco, an roa often xco .dingy;
FV;cnca in aiZO, have aauiutant ;iocrotari.oa 1`or ovory t,tn jor branch
of the indw try, who rocoivo du:1.J.y rQpOi?h from the fn.ctora.oo.
~:ivo:!41.n4ta 'LQcittnrle.
The ilightout uhort;olttinL 18 immotllutnly dotoctod, ;nincn the
Pr0vinc9,rx1 committoou havo a lard;e au(litJ.ng pernonnol. Production
is traced dat.ly and the aoaintant uoorotarioe make fr?quont cnock-ul)
vi;dts to the plait. The managers frequently appoal to tho rogional
a?cretarion for aid if, for oxample, there are not onouth railroad
care available to tranaport the (;po(1u, or ii' coal hwi not boon
FIDF1IAt
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CONfiSOhIAL
raoe ive 1 through U t t'ault or the ializ?oud?t aa' tatwia. At tai plat
tho i, and i'rerlucnt it ettn ;ta 01 hQ Vrcar1Wro UI thathntciWW. 'those
axe eo..caUod "ii,vowrithute i t it.tti" t.hieh tray /stet i. or hour. 'V e
arts ptU1t}c1 ut ht eom1)14tiurt ?1' ouch oit,ht~1tOi:r oh tft to dotes ntirto
hova the work I t a pro ;rouaoct, whktt 1rus boon 1'a c .tuoacli un-t vlhat uhoulil
ho clone trbout Uwa iuy wurkoro?
1t ie r41Vaxi.nt; to oos wux'kOr:t tired out Lt ha oral ot" tho clay' o
work, tlckc mEch a livoly part in thn dioouanlon duet the t- anat;or o!
tho crow hne to c4 jaurn t1~Q rooting boEorn all th" c~lyauketres con be
hoard. `t`ho ntanut;~?~ invciubiy ronciwloo ho rrtoc~tin,,f with the words
lk`; tLarttftr tornarVOW wu ;nut roli eta `~~tr tJlaevaa t-tn i ct?, lx) Lt.Or wo ?1;, n
Thocrn .t'ivo..ra:l.nuh rx~otint;ri lslnc;u roaponal:biiity n'1 on the britpdnp.
ibuna
Mesa rt4tn1'ct o: all workoro rub tho ontiro por,.;onfOl 1! kO on a
ditToront uapoct, OUPocia11y i1 the plant foxy Corn rouaon ht ;i rniled
to i'u:~ril ti to z~1ara. TIiiss am' anti trouble. Th? bc,tt crpo?.koru will
addroDo tho group and Mao upp()rmoat quoation in ovgryano 1:i cairut is
who will bn tho victim. ldatur i1Jy, thoro -mast lmvo boon Co1dbrickiflC
or Wabotftao. its 0210 1o at undo Or knov,a whrAt hn vr11l bo call?d upon
to do. Tito in?~nca~;i,n diroctor, socrotr. of the party, an'.1 mcretary
of ?tlho trade union have hold ?a rrX3Ot1flf on the previous clay, havo
proptucod the acenda, and have at;rned on tho ehoieo o! victims. A.ftdr
the report of the mt naging director, who haq submitt od f iguran an
production and iricos, and, as uaual. hcas complain' d about auppliop
and deliverioa, tho following word, aro aL iyo opokon: "Comradoa'
this does not justify poor work. Our work would undoubtod] y be
better if uc did not havo amonc us workers who still fail to undorw
stand their roaponoibility -to the z~ta-te i party, ?tnd our combing.
They ore s1owint; down the Stakhanc;vita ayatem and dornoru1izin1 tho
personnel vvtith their ill will." The rnanaginr diroctor uasumc~a a
severe fracial expression and snya tho followinC t "Tho raging
CUNFWENTIAL
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clirootor is right but !1e tutu not held the whole truth. lie hao not
ivon the namta of thoaa wiio utve dioorgcmis~od tiro i'aotory teed iutvo
rn@, effortet It le rtr reaponuibility, eta member of our
doar Gornrcruniat Pcu'ty, to p oa]-iii ofi'icia11y he nnnx o Af the
uubotuura."
Than tho chsrCee boffin. t~urin the apeach of tho inir ink
dirnotor, the ueorntLu'y o!" tho tia la union looks oxcitod, tr kaa a
notebook from his pookot# uctkoa rtotoo, au ivoa tho improaeion that
hie reply will be aevoro. "Corara1aai if the chargt-a of the manager
are juntifiodi they aro chargoo a ~l.nat me. I rnuat adici't that I did
not dhow propor vigilanoo. Dut you know how it io , corara loa. I
work cloy anal night y dutiua r~ro very orrnandin;. I iilod to
konp our mgmbors on tho proper moral pluno, but ortn cannot aoo ovary-
thinC arydd do ovorytbin4. z'ut youraolvoo in ray plac:a. xt is my duty
to defond nor aeooriataa. ahoy aro to b1cunoi bu!. I appoaa, to your
feeling of comradec;hii). I am convinced that thou who 1iOVO boon
charged will do ovorything in the it power to rodoom thnmoolves and
in the noar Future we wi11 find thou among tho .;tnkhanovitos."
The aocrotary of the pai ty will lamont what has taken place and
will thror~ten tho nnbotonre with the moat eovoro puniahment. The
managing dirrotor main t kes the floor to gum up tho disousoion.
ho promiana to taco the excuaea of the trade union uoret,iry under
Consideration. le will pardon the delinquents this time, but this
is the last warnbg. If euoh inatancoe happen again, the guilty
will be brought to trial.
The ;notion is carried by a show of hands and the meeting is
adjourned. Thnae rneetin;;r are hold once or twice a month and one
alwitysr hearc the same phrases.
:rm~loyz t flogQ~ BOOkq
Anyone who is not a rombor of a trade unions which is a vary rare
ooourxofUo, enjoy s very few of the ordinary l~rivilogoa. lie pay rill
be small and he will be given employment only aftor union rnorabera.
CONFIDENTIAL
- 9 r
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gNFMEMt1Al
l';vey worker rmit hrtvo rR book its which ;o ncted the etsrttng
date or amLoyn>?tr,t tit a pint, date Q. ner~ai?atic~ri, rni tho typo of
work, The book is k t in tiao 6103 of the plant wd is returned to
the worker Whc-n hO icavon, nine witltotit tt he c'uT~i not l;at employ..
ment ratrywho b. '-~hon cae~,t1n(; a job, tho wo kor tuuot Lili out a
clotttiloci qut tionn&dro givi o3 tion not Un1y about ocluoation
4fal oxporienao, but aloo dotaai1n flbout r ilitt1x7 ervtco u1 hiw
pruonto. Thin quadtionnniro iti xi tainod in the taotory until ninothor
( LJt4biinhmfnt 1Gquf+1ta lt, ifl this ov nt that to orkar changed bin
ornpivymont. Thuc u quontionnutro, ,.ttli annotat?xt comnwnta on con1uct
and works truvole t'rom rio ?r-st,ILbinhzw nt to ctnuthor. `rht comments
aro r tot d is cl,oaod to tho vrorltor, but t.ho clirfactor is toll inf ore od.
Up to 1944 c', viorkor did not havo the right to ~lu1t tt. factory without
the rlirbctori n 1 ormioaion.
Itatlij' ' 4
All dia~'utocr aro htUndl,()cl by ct apf cinl commia;a t can cons trtin of
tho ropropntrtivaa o.C t.ho ~11.xoctor and of the labor unior-. Te
workor r1an tr~iko no nppnal on tho or tubl.lahed quota or wago rata.
S s -r4otimds, howover, there nay bo a miatake in ea1cu1ating a quota
and it the worker becomes aware of this ho may film a complaint.
mach uom1)1nints are roferred to the commionion. The trado unionn
have nothing to nay about wage rates; thaao are establiahod bj
ministorial docroec~ uftor drawing up colloctivo contracts. Thera
is no possibility of Tarr -~noale ad jtaatt nta bocauoc thcrn faro no
atrikoa. A strike would be ta;:ainat the atate, bttt the ntato r~ncl the
workore aro ono earl the samo thing.
At pronont, w~tgoo at o not sufficient to cover minirium aubaiot-
once. Only the government can raise wngoa, when it rogarda such
aotion appropriate. iragea are never dseouseod at workers' moetianga,
only production and efficiency. 1'~hon prices of consumers, goodo rise,
wage rc-teo are inoroanod aomv time labor, but never enough to cover
C ONHOENTIAI
w l0 M
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Co NFIDEN11AI
he inornaoa in the coat of I1vtj . liowavor, thinks rtro voiced
onthuoiaatiofMlly at ho riorkexa maetintc.
'hen 2 hold tho po;iition oi' ctioi' oX to u clivialon
14 nitoto ok, x he it uuburb al huua rniid, t~ ho,uo ai.l carriu o,
and a aouolu iAf ?X111 prexoSutivou oi' a mcuu~ ;or of u.n iort' t
diviai(an of the industrial machine. Y traa ; ubo i.ttnuto to the
managing dirootor, not to rwntion tha trado unic~rla and the Comrnuntat
Party.
My manner oi' iivinR wt~a typiact1 i'or Savo y teo1mioian In to
US;aR. l rwioke at 5s30. 'Vho rna14i )i'oprnre3 bro:tkfr~at un1 r1t t *CO
tho coach io randy to t, ~ko ma to lore punt ki or!atoru rcway.!: ;!:)re
louving tho house, 1 rocoivo a toaophono oc.11 from on of my four
onCinoera, who, in turn, will tolophano ho mar~aglnl; ~Uxoctor and the
scoot 17 of the party and will t~tien attend tho fivoMr inuta rno tting
f o]1owinl; the n iE;h L p lift.
At '7sOO x Arrive ut tha plunt w1d ~aako an tupnctton tour. The
night u11ii t hc~a hurried home to sloop anxi, trdcinadvuntn o of the
darkness, hcs left tho floors urrs~opt. The new; shift iu unwilling do
the work. 1 have to raise my voica and rnake throatonImg ruraarka.
Aft 03? the five-minute moot ink;, the aorvice ont;i nonr submits a
detailed report. lie recoivoc tho (th.ily ration of soap, is hin duty
to 000 that the premiaes are kept clean, rind ho uhouJ.d not have
permitted the workero to leave beforo putting ovorything in ordor.
More disiauaaion and ,-ore thr'oc~ts. Thorn iu some talk of depriving the
ongineor of his monthly promium.
t1e Da
At too 1 go to my office. The oxncutivos are alrcrdy there and
my desk ie pilad high with supply requisitiona to be signod. Without
my signature, the aupply clerk will not give out ono nail. 1 am
rosponsible for the thrifty management of my divisLon. 1 peel off
CONFIENTIA1
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060081-6
COIFIIEITIAl
one reguitiition often another and c U1 in the e?eotaotet~hnhoi d
angineero to juwtify tho qu4ntitiop roqueuted. r auh o,C rty uubordi.
fLtao &t report to rn~ the rninutoat 4nttti1s oC the work done duriiig
the nI& t ~I r F,ivo r~ 1natsuctionu for the any, Than I muka as
inapaotic n oV tho work being done.
41L:ipr ti Ggod tt'~r'C1 ~i(irk
Bach aAotion 11oroman! before leaving the plnnt, muut write a
ctall.y report of tho work in hiu c nctiori. The ahlet'o of he o1oatro-
tuc nnical to 1 maohino whop diviajQnn grunt do ho as?a. Thoy rat
aubmlt their ciug ootione on to citrorimtanc tho work curd cut co.ito.
Thoy tii11 uloo nwiie tho poor workora nwi deruu d aultublo puniuhmnnt.
hio involvou to~ronu of rt~portu ?'or ho chiaf off' , largo division. to
must do all thooo thin, ;cr with rot cux'o, since thoxo ici a ton-toncy
for everyone to pasu tho rooponalblit, to tho ohiaf. Uuuully, howevor,
tho Chinfa of largo mtaff? have aoorotaaries. The ohiefu make marginal
oorcu onta on th? reports submitted to them and thon ui n tho collated
report which the ~acrotary drawn up on the basic of tho commanta.
At around ii :00 reports arrivo from the board of diroetora, which
show which of our ansociata r aruz ;ern in not do1nao vroll and what
Corroctivo utopa have boon taken. Thane roprrtu alao contt in gonaral
d irectivoa for all the divisions.
In tho afternoon I have more frea time and bogin an orderly tour
of inupoation to seo that all the ordoac have born carried out. One
must never praise anyone but nnut aiwayrr be dissatisfied.
At around 1400 there in a charge of shit tru. The workers know
that I am at the plant and do everything to lenvo their place in
order. Igo to the five-minute ineoting, which lcrate an hour because
I have to liston to all the workerac cornplainta and answer questions.
My coach arrivoc at 1500 to take me home to dinner. After dinner I
take a nap for an hour, but thin to frequently interrupted by a
telephone call.. At 1800 I return to the factory for the third inspection.
CONFIDNi1AL
~l2w
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CONFII VIAL
00060081-6
It everything is in oraor, in hour at 2000 ,
oz 2100, At 2200 1
ruoQivo tro, My ussiatant, tho aorvjco onjjnsar
i arul our ion think
about iinc to bed
Untortuna-.oly, quiet ovonthax'o riax'o?T'hti : r
:nit Ui upt~
?rdqunntly oallo u -i>eotiri ~ oi' to
~ ohniciAns ti.t ~t or OU, oral thun
I return hors at 1 idnit ht, 1 must x4ico eu"
ix msotinf.,s of too~-niviarur
undnr -rr JuriaUistiorl to ini'oi'ut t}4o 1 dl iAl~t
oOiQjOt'~A 01' t+hp ~lis'ostorq,
and thot't~ is no way of doing; t hie i rir tho
t, tiorkin; days It is also
n000gnt4y to trdco part in di +ousaioxscs or i; a or plans such r _o the
i'iva-your plrtn and oollootivv aon rcts rrki
~ to attend moc~tingn of the
nommioaion Covnrning diaputWLt t tivorkor'n~ A11 t}wnu 1;hlts,,;u ?ka
place in the ovenings,
The following is a brief description of the iorking day of a
worker who liven in the country w~cl works in
the railroad car repair
shops in 5vo1'Uovskr
FtOENTIAL
I have undor me an aa?iotant director t~~
i two Gorrimn consultant
ofCineoro, i'our younC Icuaoian Ongineex's he r
i mllnt~(,Or or tha mael
rthop diviaian, t11o oloctrotcolu~lo,
~r, Cho }ror4 ?oromran, $
i'oromnn x'o11 ouch g-hear n}i;Lft, ar1 t}io riumiu1or of Cho gaa porvieo
~liviajCan, Et1no a Corrnan, with novon oxa
mon undor him.
In the off'icos there are large book}coe i ., ,.
f , atati,~ tiar~l, planning,
porsonnol, and workers' nocurity etatfs~ ouch ab
undunc? of admInigM
trative peraonnol would be aetonishj r to
~ ilustr.lalists in the wdst~
whore one manager is gonox'all,Y appointd
to hoed an sntorpr3se1 It ia
not so in Ruasia. Whercovor the rotate tako s over the administrative
functions, the wol'kl~rIn conntAnt and foremost
preoccupation irs to pass
responaibility on to someono olee,
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CONFIUEN TM L
Thin worker seta u!r a;t BOO el x.autri piooo of brood ail a
haif-litor bottle oi' rttlk into a bag ( it ho is tortunato onou jh to
havo a cow), Than l,? loos to tho ~uU,roiut t,f,1). There is no
otatio~i, ,hunt a p1at:oz'u of wooden plan! a put up in tho wintor when
tho t orturn io 40.'50 do ,a below ?roozin ;4 -vnryone prof ora
to ocrAO oc~riy ar 1 wi it a Inca there in a pent 1ty for every latrnooa
at tha i'uctory. The oars avo ovoflo~ ti . 'alto workoro uuuuuy
trloop on t{) ~~ wy or cra~~3( ixr riilonco, ai noo ituoaiano recrpoct the
sloop or t oir r?llaw.rnon. Differ leaving that train, ho worker hwi
ubc~ut () kiiomotor0 rioro to the pltrnt, It io nxcoc cUnj ly di!f icult
to botcs'd it trolln y. The (,rluah ;In ~''ronch nutty njri to rrnthin~ compared to
tilt) OV?rorov,~lif?' i? R11031:af trolloyn.
The workor finally arrives to work, brad ovon baforo ho bo inc.
'tor tiro workdiLy ericln, there is a (ivo?minuto ootiri. 'rho worker is
fortuna#;u who livou outaido thu city beaaune ha can oxouoo hi~nnolf to
catch a trap and lonve oarltor. On the othor hand, ho lugs to put up
with tho incnnvo n io nco of travel. The trains to ?va into rnd if ho
].Ivan 6o kilon torn from tho factoxry, lie will ncmri about throo houro
for travol mil will got homo about 2200 in the evoninf,. Such a
worker hao hi,n own little houso, which to not conlacated, ha hue a
c3maU garden, a row ohii(kona, a rows and nomotimoa evon a pie. The
workor who liven in the city, on the other harrd, haa to attend all
the rnoetingo, and there rise many of them. ~: tri1in nakon a apoooh; it
must be commented on at the rneotinta, nontonoo by norltonce, word by
word. If the appeech ie long, it will be diaouaaod over a saricn of
meetingq.
It io a tatter of gonaral principle that the worker should have
no free time which ho coca not two for aelf~oduoation, or for taking
an interest in the collective work of the plant or political atTai.ro
of the nation. Therefore, the secretary of the tra~l? union cLlno calls
meetinga. The nooret~-ry of the party calla lnc~otirig at ieaot onto a
U NFl VENT IAL
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NmItIAL
waek1 tcU the socretary Qf Oommunlat outh data tha enrol. The motion
picture club exhibits pr'opA ar,dn f11iij the 'wt is loft to the precis.
c
on the hialO, we11-ort w ~ieoc1 Anil wo11?otafto~1 oluba are tho
favorito ~?oottn~ pla~aoc i'or city' orkera, who olcnd the ~ iaaor portion
of' toii' thtyo of east theme. Tboae inatitutiano haves aulitoriuiaa,
with cicating oapaoity up to 1,000, attractivo aoooxntioni, and
cXae11ont pro rams. Th?y ASS 1ra(uflftiy viai tfld by the l a go Pub)io
thoatricul ~roupa. Tho momboxu of tlco club or aniza their own amateur
thvntera. Tho alubn rllflo have u upiuma and phyaioul culturo
at& iutaa for tho prop~trxttlo? oi' young pooplc lox' i:i1it41'y is
'rho 1r 2' O flo covr Lht,utorta, w-,icl, charSo 30-10 rubloD utirniaaion~
uro i~ot r,thln rr~ttoh of ho uorlc.orci. Mrniacion to i.tovi t i io c hoaapor,
3 rtibloa, una in clubs 1 rublo, In p1to of ho malorcte i'ricoay they
dot ritiff aomi otition from ti 1oona Anil boor joints. ii,any work?ra
oxhauatod from work prvfor alcohol to movi?e.
Ycd4V,qpjntiorsa
After 11 montha c work in one pla.nt, a worker is ontitlod to a
vacation' or thn oquivalont do monoy if he in uicabla or profora not
to tako a vacation. The rn1n z im vacation its two woolca a year but in
practico vnrioa according to working conditianc. For inatanoe, in
minoa or in motallur ical plantaf whoro heat, futncoi or dampnoap
produce greater oxha union , tho yoarl.y vacation period mar be extended
to three or four weoks, ae stipulatod in agroemente betwonn trade
unions and trusts or miniatrios. Each worker spende hia vacation ao
ho wishea~ but if his physical condition warrants he may gain
admittance to a sanatorium. Sowcallnd aanatoriuma in Russia are
rarely inatitutaoni for tho care of extended illneae. Sanatoriums
are aimply rest hors. Theorotically, a worker i suppoaad to pay
for hie maintenance in a sanatorium and pay his travelling expenaos~
but trade unions may give relief to those who have heavy family
CONFIDENTIAL
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/04 : CIA-RDP82-00039R000100060081-6
CIUFINIJIAL
xeaponaibilitiaa, fowevor, it is impuacibLo for u works
x to aped
a vaoat?QU in Uu(slr an ifrut1tut1ur~ tocothor with his 'it
m:Lly. It is
not 1L,Laly fo~- tt~o y,jj`a to be in the our,1 uiaal o0
~' nctitjon coo
ht4rLI art to bour~i a v~rotjan Rat the aura
tlrr~ ? A vacation
L1ip V1au1-.l be unth:Lnk&)1o as it WoUTta be ruinaua
In 1941 a rnontb~a attiy it u aw1atoriwir eoat 9i~0.1
rubl4c
rarut 5OO OO at to rat huf~. )ivory tra to urt rare j j i ~a own ins tiro.
tion+ rcavrioct for its own r. +nbaxcr, xhoro ove .
rYo ~ brota thQ acur~
tr h:tmontr ru1arcliopa oi' kiio position. Tho~o tU't
r rthic inatitutiorae
tiith andnr ttocQ!,jtjO( tiono IJ 1 bot?tor food rota
rvad for 1>