(SANITIZED)UNCLASSIFIED 1969 SOVIET PUBLICATION ENTITLED, ISLAM(SANITIZED)

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7
Release Decision: 
RIFPUB
Original Classification: 
K
Document Page Count: 
170
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
April 12, 2012
Sequence Number: 
2
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
January 1, 1969
Content Type: 
BOOK
File: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7.pdf24.85 MB
Body: 
Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 - Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 B KHHre aHaAH3HpyeTCA BO3HHKH0BeHHC'. 11 pa3BHTi(C HCAaMa, Bbi- ACHAIOTCA ero COUHaAbHble KOPHII H B3aHMocaf!3b C YCAOBHAMH o61IIC- CTBeHHOH HIH3HH. AaTOp AaeT Hay4Hoc npCACTaBAeHHe o6 HCAaMe KaK HAeOAOrHH H OPraHH3alHII KAaccoaoro o6ujeCTBa, nrKpbIBaCT CyIIICCTB0 nOnbITOK nPHCHO006HTb HCAaM K COI,3HaAbHO-nOAHTH-ICCKHM Tpe60BaHHAM aoaoro BpeMeim. 3Ha9HTeAbHOe McCTO yACAeHo B3CAAAaM BbIAaIOU(HXCA BOAbHOAyMIIes H aTCHCTOB BAHa hero .r1 CpeAnero BOCTOKa. B HOHOM H3AaHHH KHHra AOIIOAHeHa rAaBon o6 OTHOWCHHH )ICAaMa K BCHBjiiHe H O 6Opb6e xeHIaHH CTpau A3HH H AQIpHKH II OT}lH BpeAHblx H e pe)K HTF()Il I IpOWAOr'O. BBEAEHHE YrcAaM, HAH, HHame, MyCyAbMaHCTBO,- OAHa H3 HaH60Aee pacnpoc'npaHeHHbIX peAHFHH a4Hpa. Ero a locAeAOBaTe11H, My- cyAbMa'He, 2KHByT npeHMy1BeCTBexH0 B CTpaxax A3HH H A(p- pH'KH. T09HbIX cBeAeHHH O gxcAeHHOCTH MyCyAb.MaH IleT, H B AHTepaType inoCAeA'HHX AeT M02KHO BCTPeT-HTb pa3Hbie U114)- PbI - OT 350 Ao 450 MHAAHOHOB, HaH60Abmero AoBePHB, Ha Hail B3rARA, 3aCAy2KHBax)T aioAcqeTbI, 8NeHCHorHX AeT np0H3B0AHBwHKCR H3BeCTHbIM 4)pax8y3CKNM AyH Maccu'HbomoM (1883-1962). Ho 1f a'HHbIM, ony6AHK0BaH- HbIM HM .B 1955 r., Bcero MyCyAbMaH Hac'LNTbiBaeTC51 365 346 TbIC., H3 HHX B A3HH .282 426 TblC., B AlppHKe 78 560 Tblc., B EBpane - 3 560 TbIC. H eu,e 800 Tbic. pacceA- Hbi B OCTaAbHbIX 4acTMx CBeTa I. Ha TeppHTOplH CCCP HCAaM HanaA pacnpOCTpa IBTbCA eule a nepMOA paizHero CpeAHeBeKOBbM. l Iepe2xHT:xx BTOH peAH- rxH K ceimac coxpaHAI0TCH cpe14H 'IacTH HaceAeHHA Cp eAxeii A3HH H KaBaxcTa'Ha, Ha CeBepIioM 'Kaa?Ka3e x H 3aacaBaca3be, B TaTapHH, Baauxo'poM 'H HexoTOpbIX o6AaCTAX POCCHikKOIS (DeAepaU,HH. KaK H ApyTHe TaK Ha'3blBaeMbie MHpouble peAHrOH - 6yA- p;H3M H XpHCTHaHCTRO, coBpeMeHHbIH HCAaM COCTOHT H3 psAa .HanpaBAeHHH, ceKT H TOAKOB. OH HMeeT AAHTeAbBy10 HCTO- pNlo, Ha 'npOTA2KeHHH XOTOpOH CAOMcHAHCb erO Aor'MaTbi. o6- pAAbl H o6bI4aH. YsKe B iIIepHOA 4)OpMHpCBaBHA HC AaMa, a nep- Bble ABa CTOAeTHA er0 cyufeCTBOBaHHA, OH CTaA rOcnOACTBy- mgeia peAHroei B B03HHKIUCM TorAa apa6cKOM (peoAaAbHO- CM. cAnnuaire du monde musulman. Redige par Louis Massig. nonce, H3A. 4, nepecMOrpeHHOe H nOArOTOBACHHOe IIpH COAeiCTBHH V. Monteil, 1954, Paris, 1955, p. -427-428. B noacveTax I10 OTAeAb- HUM CTpaHaM UH4)pbi 3aBbMICHbI, He yvreH npOUeCC npeoAOAeurla HCAa- Ma. HeTOVHbi CBeAeHHA 0 pacnpeAeAeHHH noCAeAOBaTeAeH AcAaMa no xoHTHHewTaM: HanpHMep, ace MyCYAb a eC P KHe 0O McUMCA HCp, 13 TOM AAWIsxe Tarapea, Sauuenpxlo H ApyrHe GBP nC oiHeceHbl x rpa pe .Aex*a. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 TeoKpaTH9ecxoM roCyAapCTBe - XaAn(paTe. TorAa me H IIO3A- Hee HCAa11t 'lepe3 CBOH opraHH3a4HH, nOAy'nBInHe B xaAH(paTe H HeKOTOpbIX ajpyrHx Aep2xasax 3HaveHHe rocyAapcTBem'Hblx, CTpeMHACA nOANHHHTb CBOeMy 6e3pa3AeAbHOMy BAHAHHIO ace HaACTpoe'Hbte A'BAeHHA o61geCTBa: mpaso, nOAHTHgeCKHe yYe- HHA, cacreMy MOpaAH, aCTeTH9ecKHe B3FAAAbI, (pHAOCOIfIfIO. 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B rocy4apcmBax ace, rAe npeHMyigecrBeHHoe pacnpOCTpaHeHHe HMeaa Apyrxe peAHrHH, HanpH.rlep XpHCTH- allCTBO, H3y'IeHHe MycyAbManCTSa B 3HagHTeAbHOH Mepe rIoA- 9HHAAOCb 3aAa'1e aHTHHCAaMC.xOTO MHCCHOHepCTBa H HeoTAe- AHMbI'X OT Hero XOAOHH3aTOPC'KHX YCTPeMACHHH B OTHOIHeHHH HBPOAOB BocToxa. 3TH npH'RHbI, a Taxa a CAO2KHOCTb co6Hpa- HHA H aHaAH3a inepB.OHCTOtkHHKOB o6yCAOBHAH cpaBHHTeAbHO rIO3AHee pa3BHTHe TOH OTpaCAH 3HaHHA, KOTOpaA nOAy9HAa Ha3BaHHe'HCAaMOBCAeHHA. rle'pable UCpynHbre HccAeAOBanHA B o6AaCTH HCAaMOBeAeHHA B 3anaAHOH EBpone BOHBHAHCb BO BTOPOH nOAOBHae XIX B., nOCAe TOM Kaic B TegeHHe 60Aee 9eM ABYX seKOB MaTepHaA naxanAHBaACA H AHnmb 9aCTH'eHO H3AaBBACA. 3To pa6OTbI rOA- AaHACxoro apa6ncra P. 4osH (1820-1883), HeMegxnx BOCTO- KOBCAOB A. Wnpenrepa (1813-1893) H A. MIOAAepa (1848-1892) H pAAa Apyrax yueHbix. A'BCTpHHCKHH apa6Hc?r A. KpeMep (1828-1889) IOAO2KHA Ha4aAO H3y9eHH1O BOAb- HoAyMCTBa B crpaHax BAH2KHero Bocroxa, yAeAHa oco6eHHoe BHHMaHHe TBOP'eCTBy OAHOrO H3 BeAH9aHhIHx npe4craaHTeAei aTeHCTH9ecKOH MbICAH - apa6CKoro noBTa H (p HAoco pa A6yAb- AAa aAb-Ma'appa (973-1057, CHPHA). AaAbneinlee pasBHTHe HCAaMOBeIeHMe HOAYMHA0 B TpyAax BeHrepcxoro BOCTOKOBeAa 14. rOAbAn,,,Hapa (1850-1921), roA- AauAga Xp. CnyK-XioprpO,Hbe (1857-1936), HTaAbAnl3a A. KaaraHH (1869-1935), HeMga r. f pHMMe (1864-1942), 4 paH y3a A. MaccHHboHa H AP. Oco6eHHO Ba2KHbr HccAeAOBa- HHx ['oAbA$HBpa H CHyK-XloprpoHbe, B KOTOpbIX Hay'HOH ooeHKe .nOABeprAOCb MyCyAbMaHCKOe npeAaHHe. 3Ha'eHHe rTHX pa6oT roAbigaapa BO M'HOrOM eoxpaHAeTCA n B Hanma AiH, 9TO 6bIAO noA'9epKHYTO, B YaCTHOCTH, AxaAeMHei HayK BeHrepCKOA HapOAHOH Pecny6liKH, TOpHCeCTBeHHO OTMeTHB- H.teH B HIOHe 1950 r. CTOAeTHe CO AHA po2HAeHHA BToro BbIAaIo- IgeroCA BeHrepcxoro 'HCAaMOHeAa H 'nOCBATH'BnleM ero .naMATH ?nepar(bl~l"i BbIIIyOK IrepBOrO ToMa uActa Orientalia? 2. 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HauHOHaAbHaA KyAbTypa 3THX HapOAOB ? iJO fMH2OBaAaCb B TeCHOM o61geaHH c nepeAosoH KyAbTypOH POCC'HH. 3TO AOKa3b!BaeT KHBHb H TBop'ecrBo p$Aa npeACTaHHTCAeI HapOAOB coaeTCKoro BOCToxa - BOAbHO- AyMIdeB H aTeHCTOB, BO MHOrOM o6beKTHBHO OI?IeHHB.aBHIHX My- cyAbMa'HCTBo. B HX 9HCAe KAacc na a3ep6aHA2KBHCKOii AHTe- paTypbl MHp3a (DaranH AxyHAOB (1812-1878) H A2KaAHA MaMeA-KyAH-3aAe, (1869-1932), y36eKCKOIi - MyKHMH (1851-1903) H Xaaaa XaKHM-3aAe HHA3H (1889-1929). TaTapcHot - I?a6AyAAa Tyxaii (1886-1913), .6aMKHPCKoH H TarapcK.oi - Ma'0HT raglypn (1880-1934). 2 Budapest, 1950-1951. B aTOM BernyycKe oco6bIii Asrepec npeA- cTaBAner pa6oTa 10. Hester aGoldzihers Jugend? (cTp. 7-25), pac- cMaTpHaarorlaA Bonpoc 0 npHOpHTeTe roAbA.+Hapa B xpHT3txe MycyAbMaH- cxoro npeAaHBB. B 1948. r. B ByAanemre me BbrmAa nepnan 'iacrb a lgnace Goldziher Memorial Volume., nocaaujennaa aTOli AaTe. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/04/12 : CIA-RDP78-02646R000600120002-7 I'IccA oBaHHe HCTOpHH HCAaMa oBs aa'HO C H,Me.HaMH pyc- CXHX IBOCTOKOBeAO.B B. P. Po3eHa (1849-1908), H. A. MeA- HlrlcoBa (1855-1918), B. B. BapTOAVAa (1869-1930), A. a. IIIMHATa (1871-1939), A. E. KpbNMCKOrO (1871- 1941), H. IO. KpaaxoBCxoro (1883-1951). Pa3BHTHe HCAaMOBeAeHHH B POCCHH ?H 3anaAHoj EBpone Cno.co6CTBoaaAO yBeAH9enH10 '4HCAa IHay4HbIX pa6oT no Bonpo- CaM HCAaMa H Ha 3apy6ea HOM BOCTOKe. H3 TBKHX pa'60T OCO- 6oe 3Ha-eHHe HMeAa laara ernneTcxoro yYe~HqOrO ?H nacaTeAA Taxa XyceHHa 0 AOHCAaMCKOH nO33HH ( AAAaxa, He3a- BHCHMO OT Toro, cOBepillaeT Ao6po HAII 3AO. Tao xaK c caMoro HagaAa KopaHy npHA,aBaAOCb He TOAbKO peAHPH03HOe, HO H 3axoiioA,aTeAbnoe 3na'4eHHe KaK > HAH aMCAHHCKa>?, BOo61Be OT- CYTCTByIOT. 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