THE DOMESTIC POLICY COUNCIL DRUG ABUSE POLICY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP88G01117R001104580001-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 53
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 28, 2011
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 11, 1986
• Content Type: MISC

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THE DOMESTIC POLICY COU NCI L
SEPTEMBER 11, 1986
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Thursday, September 11, 1986
2:00 p.m.
Cabinet Room
AGENDA
1. Drug Abuse Policy -- Attorney General Meese
Carlton Turner
Deputy Assistant to the President
for Drug Abuse Policy
Office of Policy Development
Richard Willard
Assistant Attorney General
Civil Division
Department of Justice
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September 11, 1986
Secretary Shultz
Secretary Baker
Secretary Weinberger
Attorney General Meese
Secretary Hodel
Secretary Lyng
Secretary Baldrige
Secretary Brock
Secretary Bowen
Secretary Pierce
Secretary Dole
Secretary Herrington
Secretary Bennett
Mr. Regan
Director Miller
Director Casey
Ambassador Walters
Ambassador Yeutter
John Poindexter, Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs
Alfred H. Kingon, Assistant to the President and Cabinet
Secretary
For Presentation:
Carlton Turner, Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse
Policy, OPD
Richard Willard, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division
Additional Attendee:
Constance Horner, Director, OPM
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Contents
The Administration's Legislative Proposal
Executive Order on a Drug Free Federal Workplace
Report of the Working Group on Drug Abuse Policy
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September 11, 1986
THE ADMINISTRATION'S LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL
On August 4, 1986, the President announced six new goals to build
upon past accomplishments to curb drug abuse, and to lead Americans
toward a drug-free society. The six goals are:
o
Drug-Free
Workplaces
o
Drug-Free
Schools
o
Expanding
Drug Treatment and Research
o
Improving
International Cooperation
o
Strengthening Law Enforcement
o
Increasing Public Awareness and Prevention
The Administration's proposed legislation includes a separate
title supporting each of the six goals.
Title I. Drug_Free Workplaces
o The proposed bill emphasizes the unacceptability of drug use
in the workplace. It amends appropriate laws to make it
clear that there is no Federal statutory bar to drug testing
in the workplace or in educational institutions. This Title
supports efforts to achieve a drug-free workforce by the
Federal government and by grant recipients.
Title II. Dry-Free Schools
o The proposed legislation requests an FY 1987 budget
authorization of $100 million for grants to State and local
educational agencies to establish drug-free learning
environments within elementary and secondary schools.
o Funding is proposed through offsets in the Department of
Education FY 1987 appropriation.
o Demonstrated success is required as a condition for
continued funding.
o The proposed bill will also state that it is not unlawful
under Federal law for schools to conduct drug tests, and
thus remove potential Federal statutory obstacles to drug
screening by the States and local school districts.
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Title III. Ex anding Drug Treatment and Research
o The proposed legislation eliminates unnecessary restrictions
imposed under current block grant programs.
o (Note: Separate FY 87 budget amendments totaling $221
million will be sought to expand centers which treat endemic
users, encourage States and communities to treat
drug-related health problems through Community Development
Systems Projects, improve research in health-related areas,
including drug testing, and establish a Center for Substance
Abuse Prevention within HHS.)
o The legislation proposes repeal of the Mansfield Amendment,
which prohibits Federal officers from participating in drug
arrests in foreign countries.
o Rules on forfeiture of property in the United States derived
from violation of foreign drug laws are amended to permit
confiscation of drug dealer assets.
o Immigration requirements are amended to allow deportation of
aliens involved in drug trafficking.
Title V. Strengthening Law Enforcement
o The proposed legislation includes eight subtitles
clarifying and strengthening penalities for drug dealing.
o It addresses such areas as penalties for large-scale
domestic drug trafficking, punishments for possession of
controlled substances, increased penalties for leaders of
major drug rings, import and export violations, juvenile
drug trafficking, and clandestine drug manufacturing.
o Money laundering enforcement and penalties are strengthened.
Title VI. Increasing Public Awareness and Prevention
o The legislation proposes a narrow, two year exemption from
Federal procurement statutes which mandate competition even
when a substantial portion of the services are donated.
This exemption will apply only to services donated to the
government to aid in the campaign against drug abuse.
o Authorization is included to make United states Information
Agency films on the dangers of drug abuse available for
domestic audiences.
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I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America,
find that:
Drug use is having serious adverse effects upon a
significant proportion of the national workforce and results in
billions of dollars of lost productivity each year;
The Federal government, as an employer, is concerned with
the well-being of its employees, the successful accomplishment of
agency missions, and the need to maintain employee productivity;
The Federal government, as the largest employer in the
Nation, can and should show the way towards achieving drug free
workplaces through a program designed to offer drug users a
helping hand and, at the same time, demonstrating to drug users
and potential drug users that drugs will not be tolerated in the
Federal workplace;
The profits from illegal drugs provide the single greatest
source of income for organized crime, fuel violent street crime
and otherwise contribute to the breakdown of our society;
The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal
employees is inconsistent not only with the law-abiding behavior
expected of all citizens, but also with the special trust placed
in such employees as servants of the public;
Federal employees who use illegal drugs, on or off duty,
tend to be less productive, less reliable, and prone to greater
absenteeism than their fellow employees who do not use illegal
drugs;
The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal
employees impairs the efficiency of Federal departments and
agencies, undermines public confidence in them, and makes it more
difficult for other employees who do not use illegal drugs to
perform their jobs effectively. The use of illegal drugs, on or
off duty, by Federal employees also can pose a serious health and
safety threat to members of the public and to other Federal
employees;
The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal
employees in certain positions evidences less than the complete
reliability, stability and good judgment that is consistent with
access to sensitive information, and creates the possibility of
coercion, influence, and irresponsible action under pressure
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which may pose a serious risk to national security, the public
safety, and the effective enforcement of the law; and
Federal employees who use illegal drugs must themselves be
primarily responsible for changing their behavior and, if
necessary, begin the process of rehabilitating themselves.
By the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including
section 3301(2) of Title 5 of the United States Code, section
7301 of Title 5 of the United States Code, section 290ee-1 of
Title 42 of the United States Code, deeming such action in the
best interests of national security, public health and safety,
law enforcement and the efficiency of the Federal service, and in
order to establish standards and procedures to ensure fairness in
achieving a drug-free Federal workplace and to protect the
privacy of Federal employees, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Sec. 1. Drug Free Workplace.
(a) Federal employees are required to refrain from the use
of illegal drugs.
(b) The use of illegal drugs by Federal employees, whether
on duty or off duty, is contrary to the efficiency of the
service.
(c) Persons who use illegal drugs are not suitable for
Federal employment.
Sec. 2. Acrency Responsibilities.
(a) The head of each Executive agency shall develop a plan
for achieving the objective of a drug-free workplace with
consideration of the rights of the government, the employee and
the general public.
(b) Each agency plan shall include:
(1) A statement of policy setting forth the agency's
expectations regarding drug use and the action to be
anticipated in response to identified drug use;
(2) Employee Assistance Programs emphasizing high
level direction, education, counseling, referral to
rehabilitation and coordination with mailable community
resources;
(3) Supervisory training to assist in identifying and
addressing illegal drug abuse by agency employees;
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(4) Provision for self-referrals as well as
supervisory referrals to treatment with maximum respect for
individual confidentiality consistent with safety and
security issues; and
(5) Provision for identifying illegal drug users,
including testing on a controlled and carefully monitored
basis in accordance with this Order.
Sec. 3. Drug Testing Programs.
(a) The head of each Executive Agency shall establish a
program to test for the use of illegal drugs by employees in or
applicants to sensitive positions. The extent to which such
employees or applicants are tested and the criteria for such
testing shall be determined by the head of each agency, based
upon the nature of the agency's mission and its employees'
duties, the efficient use of agency resources, and the danger to
the public health and safety or national security that could
result from the failure of an employee adequately to discharge
his or her position.
(b) The head of each Executive agency shall establish a
program for voluntary employee drug testing.
(c) In addition to the testing authorized in subsections
(a) and (b) of this section, the head of each Executive agency is
authorized to test an employee for illegal drug use under the
following circumstances:
(1) When there is a reasonable suspicion that any
employee uses illegal drugs;
(2) In an examination authorized by the agency
regarding an accident or unsafe practice; or
(3) As part of or as a follow-up to counseling or
rehabilitation for illegal drug use through an Employee
Assistance Program.
Sec. 4. Drug Testing Procedures.
(a) Sixty days prior to the implementation of a drug
testing program pursuant to this Order, agencies shall notify
employees that testing for use of illegal drugs is to be
conducted and that they may seek counseling and rehabilitation
and inform them of the procedures for obtaining such assistance
through the agency's Employee Assistance Program. Agency drug
testing programs already ongoing are exempted from the 60-day
notice requirement. Agencies may take action under section 3(c)
of this Order without reference to the 60-day notice period.
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(b) Before conducting a drug test, the agency shall inform
the employee to be tested of the opportunity to submit medical
documentation that may support a legitimate use for a specific
drug.
(c) Drug testing programs shall contain procedures for
timely submission of requests for retention of records and
specimens; procedures for retesting; and procedures, consistent
with applicable law, to protect the confidentiality of test
results and related medical and rehabilitation records.
Procedures for providing urine specimens must allow individual
privacy, unless the agency has reason to believe that a
particular individual may alter or substitute the specimen to be
provided.
(d) The Secretary of Health and Human Services is
authorized to promulgate scientific and technical guidelines for
drug testing programs, and agencies shall conduct their drug
testing programs in accordance with these guidelines.
Sec. 5. Personnel Actions.
(a) Agencies shall, in addition to any appropriate
personnel actions, refer any employee who is found to use illegal
drugs to an Employee Assistance Program for assessment,
counseling and referral for treatment or rehabilitation as
appropriate.
(b) Agencies shall initiate action to discipline any
employee who is found to use illegal drugs provided that, such
action is not required for an employee who:
(1) Voluntarily identifies himself as a user of
illegal drugs or who volunteers for drug testing pursuant to
section 3(b) of this Order, prior to being identified
through other means;
(2) Obtains counseling or rehabilitation through an
Employee Assistance Program; and
(3) Thereafter refrains from using illegal drugs.
(c) Agencies shall not allow any employee to remain on duty
in a sensitive position who is found to use illegal drugs, prior
to successful completion of rehabilitation through an Employee
Assistance Program. However, as part of a rehabilitation or
counseling program, the head of an Executive agency may, in his
or her discretion, allow an employee to return to duty in a
sensitive position if it is determined that this action would not
pose a danger to public health or safety or the national
security.
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(d) Agencies shall initiate action to remove from the
service any employee who is found to use illegal drugs and:
(1) Refuses to obtain counseling or rehabilitation
through an Employee Assistance Program; or
(2) Does not thereafter refrain from using illegal
drugs.
(e) The results of a drug test and information developed by
the agency in the course of the drug testing of the employee may
be considered in processing any adverse action against the
employee or for other administrative purposes. Preliminary test
results may not be used in an administrative proceeding unless
they are confirmed by a second analysis of the same sample or
unless the employee confirms the accuracy of the initial test by
admitting the use of illegal drugs.
(f) The determination of an agency that an employee uses
illegal drugs can be made on the basis of any appropriate
evidence, including direct observation, a criminal conviction,
administrative inquiry, or the results of an authorized testing
program. Positive drug test results may be rebutted by other
evidence that an employee has not used illegal drugs.
(g) Any action to discipline an employee who is using
illegal drugs (including removal from service, if appropriate)
shall be taken in compliance with otherwise applicable
procedures, including the Civil Service Reform Act.
(h) Drug testing shall not be conducted pursuant to this
Order for the purpose of gathering evidence for use in criminal
proceedings. Agencies are not required to report to the Attorney
General for investigation or prosecution any information,
allegation, or evidence relating to violations of Title 21 of the
United States Code received as a result of the operation of drug
testing programs established pursuant to this Order.
Sec. 6. coordination of Agency Programs.
(a) The Director of the Office of. Personnel Management
shall:
(1) Issue government-wide guidance to agencies on the
implementation of the terms of this Order;
(2) Ensure that appropriate coverage for drug abuse is
maintained for employees and their families under the
Federal Employees Health Benefits Program;
(3) Develop a model Employee Assistance Program for
i
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Federal agencies and assist the agencies in putting programs
in place;
(4) In consultation with the Secretary of Health and
Human Services, develop and improve training programs for
Federal supervisors and managers on illegal drug use; and
(5) In cooperation with the Secretary of Health and
Human Services and heads of Executive agencies, mount an
intensive drug awareness campaign throughout the Federal
workforce.
(b) The Attorney General shall render legal advice
regarding the implementation of this Order and shall be consulted
with regard to all guidelines, regulations and policies proposed
to be adopted pursuant to this Order.
Sec? 7. Definitions.
(a) This order applies to all agencies of the Executive
Branch.
(b) For purposes of this Order, the term "'agency" means an
Executive agency, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105; the Uniformed
Services, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2101(3) (but excluding the armed
forces as defined by 5 U.S.C. 2101(2)); or any other employing
unit or authority of the Federal government, except the United
States Postal Service, the Postal Rate Commission and the
employing units or authorities in the judicial and legislative
branches.
(c) For purposes of this Order, the term "'illegal drugs"'
means a controlled substance included in Schedule I or II, as
defined by section 802(6) of Title 21 of the United States Code,
the possession of which is unlawful under Chapter 13 of that
Title. The term "illegal drugs"' does not mean the use of a
controlled substance pursuant to a valid prescription or other
uses authorized by law.
(d) For purposes of this Order, the term "employee in a
sensitive position"' refers to:
(1)
An employee in a position which an agency has
designated Special Sensitive, Critical-Sensitive or
Noncritical-Sensitive under Chapter 731 of the Federal
Personnel Manual or an employee in a position which an
agency head has designated or in the future designates
as sensitive in accordance with Executive Order No.
10450, as amended;
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(2) An employee who has been granted access to classified
information or may be granted access to classified
information pursuant to a determination of
trustworthiness by an agency head under Section 4 of
Executive Order No. 12356;
(3) Individuals serving under Presidential appointments;
(4) Members of the Senior Executive Service as defined in
Subchapter II of Chapter 31 of Title 5 of the United
States Code;
(5) Law enforcement officers as defined in 5 U.S.C.
8331(20) ;
(6) Individuals employed under Schedule C in the excepted
service under the authority of section 213.3301 of
Title 5, Code of Federal Regulations and Executive
Order No. 10577;
(7) Members of the uniformed services (but excluding the
armed forces) as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2101;
(8) Air traffic controllers as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2109;
and
(9) Other positions that the agency head determines involve
law enforcement, national security, the protection of
life and property, public health or safety, frequent
contact with the public, or any other functions
requiring a high degree of trust and confidence.
(e) For purposes of this order the term "employee"' means all
persons appointed in the Civil Service as described in 5 U.S.C. ?
2105 (but excluding persons appointed in the armed forces as
defined in 5 U.S.C. ? 2101(2)).
(f) For purposes of this order, the term "Employee Assistance
Program"' means agency-based counseling programs which offer
assessment, short-term counseling, and referral'services to
employees for a wide range of drug, alcohol, and mental health
programs which affect employee job performance. Employee
Assistance Programs are responsible for referring drug-using
employees for rehabilitation and for monitoring employees'
progress while in treatment.
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Sec? 8: Effective Date
This Order shall become effective on the date of its issuance.
September _, 1986
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REPORT OF THE
WORKING GROUP
ON
DRUG
ABUSE
POLICY
TO THE
DOMESTIC POLICY
COUNCIL
September 11, 1986
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R E P O R T O F T H E
W O R K I N G G R O Q P O N
D R U G A B D S E P O L I C Y
T O T H E
D O M E S T I C P O L I C Y C O O N C I L
SEPTEMBER 11, 1986
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I.
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ....................
1
II.
THE NATIONAL CRUSADE ..........................
4
GOAL #1
- DRUG-FREE WORKPLACES .................
6
GOAL #2
- DRUG-FREE SCHOOLS ....................
13
GOAL ~3
- EXPAND TREATMENT .....................
17
GOAL #4
- IMPROVE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION....
25
GOAL #5
- STRENGTHEN LAW ENFORCEMENT............ 26
GOAL #6
- EXPAND AWARENESS AND PREVENTION....... 27
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The Illegal Drug Problem
In the 1960's and 1970's, the use of illegal drugs in the United
States spread into every segment of our society. The public
lacked accurate information about the hazards of some of the most
widely used drugs, and government efforts to combat the use of
illicit drugs lacked credibility. National programs focused on a
single drug -- heroin -- and on one strategy --supply reduction.
The moral confusion surrounding drug abuse weakened our resolve
to stop illegal drugs coming from overseas. The United States
became a major drug producing country. Drug trafficking and
organized crime became the Nation's number one crime problem; and
the use of illegal drugs expanded, especially among our young
people. There was a feeling of inevitability regarding illegal
drugs and uncertainty over what was the right thing to do.
The President's Strategy
Early in his Administration, President Reagan launched a
comprehensive national campaign to stop drug abuse and drug
trafficking. The President stated, "We're rejecting the .helpless
attitude that drug abuse is so rampant that we're defenseless to
do anything about it. We're taking down the surrender flag that
has flown over so many drug efforts; we're running up a battle
flag. We can fight the drug problem, and we can win."
The President's Federal Strategy for Prevention of Drug Abuse and
Drug Trafficking was published in 1982, and was followed with the
publication of a National Strategy in 1984. The Strategy
provided a comprehensive plan of action in five areas:
~
International Cooperation
?
Drug
Law Enforcement
?
Drug
Abuse Prevention
?
Drug
Abuse Treatment
?
Research
Also included was a major initiative to rid our military of drug
abuse. Now, 37 different Federal agencies are working together
in the vigorous national effort against illegal drugs.
President Reagan implemented a tough foreign op lic! to cut off
drugs at their source.
? In 1981, one country was eradicating narcotic plants.
Today, 14 countries and all 50 states within the United
States are eradicating.
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? Aggressive enforcement activity against producers in Peru,
Colombia and Bolivia is disrupting the flow of cocaine.
U.S. helicopters have been aiding the effort in Bolivia.
The United States has a deep commitment to drug law enforcement.
? Under the Reagan Administration, Federal spending for drug
law enforcement will virtually triple -- from about $700
million in 1981 to an anticipated $2.1 billion in 1987.
? President Reagan set up the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement
Task Forces under the Attorney General in 1982 to attack
drug trafficking by major criminal organizations.
? Also in 1982, the President asked the Vice President to
establish a South Florida Task Force to respond to the drug
trafficking emergency there. The effort pooled the
resources of nine Federal agencies, including the military,
with state and local authorities.
? The unprecedented successes of the South Florida Task Force
led in 1983 to the creation of the National Narcotics Border
Interdiction System -- now a model for coordinating
interdiction efforts around all our borders.
? On August 14, 1986, the Reagan Administration announced
Operation~Alliance, a major new cooperative drug law
enforcement effort along the 2,000-mile border between the
United States and Mexico.
The Administration also initiated a national program to increase
public awareness and private sector prevention efforts.
President Reagan has consistently held that, while intercepting
the drugs may be important, the ultimate solution will come from
taking the customers away from the drugs.
? In 1981, Mrs. Reagan began a personal campaign to increase
public awareness of the dangers of drug abuse and to get
people involved in helping young people "Just Say No" to
drugs.
? Since that time, the First Lady has traveled over 100,000
miles to 28 states and 6 foreign countries in her campaign.
She has hosted two international conferences and has become
the national leader in the effort to stop drug abuse by
young people.
The President's Program Has Made Gains Against Illegal Drugs
? Marijuana is now being reported in reduced supply throughout
the country, primarily as the result of eradication programs
in Colombia and the United States.
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? Enhanced interdiction has increased U.S. seizures of illegal
drugs. In 1981, we seized two tons of cocaine. In 1985, we
seized 20 tons -- a ten-fold increase.
? Under the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces, over
3,600 drug criminals have been convicted and more than $300
million of their assets seized.
? Since the First Lady became involved in 1981, the number of
parent groups have grown from 900 to 9,000 groups
nationwide. Our school-age children have formed more than
10,000 "Just Say No" Clubs around the country.
? The number of individuals who are using illegal drugs has
stabilized in most categories and decreased in several.
Most notably, high school seniors using marijuana on a daily
basis has dropped from one in 14 in 1981 to one in 20 in
1984-85.
?~ The U.S. military has cut the use of illegal drugs by 67
percent since 1981.
? Attitudes are changing. In 1985, 73 percent of our
teenagers believed that possession of small amounts of
marijuana should be treated as a criminal offense, compared
to 44 percent in 1979..
Today, there are many people who believe we can stop drug abuse
and who have done something about it. Each success story has a
common thread -- The use of illegal drugs is unacceptable
behavior and drug abuse will not be tolerated.
? Aggressive corporate and school measures to end drug abuse,
including use of law enforcement, expulsions and firings,
have met with strong support from workers, students and the
community.
? An August 1986 New York Times/CBS News Poll indicated that
72 percent of full-time workers would be willing to take a
drug test. A March 1986 USA Todav poll indicated that 77
percent of the Nation's adults would not object to being
tested in the workplace for illegal drug use.
we have reached a new plateau with a new set of opportunities.
we are going to pursue the limits of possibility in eliminating
drug abuse. We are going to make it clear that we are no longer
willing to tolerate illegal drugs in our society.
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II. THE PRESIDENT'S NATIONAL CROSADE AGAINST ILLEGAL DROGS
On August 4, 1986, President Reagan announced six new goals of a
national crusade to build upon what has been accomplished and
lead us toward a drug-free America:
? Drug-Free Workplaces for all Americans;
? Drug-Free Schools from elementary to university level;
? E=panded Drug Abuse Treatment and Research to tackle the
health dangers posed by drugs;
? Improved International Cooperation to achieve full and
active involvement by every country with which the United
States must work to defeat international drug trafficking;
? Strengthened Drug Law Enforcement to take additional initia-
tives which will hit drug traffickers with renewed force;
and
? Increased Public Awareness and Prevention -- the goal on
which success ultimately depends -- to help every citizen
understand the stakes and get involved in fighting the drug
menace.
President Reagan called for the commitment of all Americans in
"taking a stand in every city, town, and village in this country
and making certain drug users fully understand their fellow
citizens will no longer tolerate drug use."
The President stated, "Our goal is not to throw users in jail,
but to free them from drugs. We will offer a helping hand; but
we will also...refuse to let drug users blame their behavior on
others... And finally, yet first and foremost, we will get the
message to the potential user that drug use will no longer be
tolerated; that they must learn to "Just say no."
President Reagan believes there is an important role for each
American in this effort.
"The time has come for each and every one of us
to make a personal and moral commitment to actively
oppose the use of illegal drugs -- in all forms and
in all places. We must remove all traces of illegal
drugs from our Nation."
On August 5, 1986, the Domestic Policy Council established a
Working Group on Drug Abuse Policy to develop action plans to
meet the President's goals for eliminating the use of illegal
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drugs. On August 11, 1986, the Working Group formed task forces
in five areas:
? Legislative Review, chaired by Justice
? Drug-Free Workplace, chaired by Labor
? Drug-Free Schools, chaired by Education
~ Treatment, chaired by Health and Human Services
? Private Sector Initiatives, chaired by ACTION
A sixth task force for Drug-Free Public Housing was established
on August 26, 1986. This task force's proposals are included
under Goal #6 - Expanded Awareness and Prevention.
The Working Group's recommendations for action are presented in
four areas:
Goal
#1 -
Drug-Free
Workplace
Goal
#2 -
Drug-Free
Schools
Goal
#3 -
Expanded
Treatment
and Research
Goal
#6 -
Awareness
and Prevention
Recommendations for Goal ~F4 - International Cooperation and Goal
#5 - Drug Law Enforcement were prepared by the National Drug
Enforcement Policy Boazd. Legislative recommendations for the
overall initiative have been incorporated into a 6-title
legislative package which conforms to the President's six goals.
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GOAL #1 - DROG-FRBE WORKPLACES
This goal is to protect the public and the workforce and to
increase productivity by ensuring that workers are clear minded
and free of the effects of illegal drugs.
WHY IS THIS GOAL IMPORTANT?
During the last 25 years, the escalation in illegal drug use has
brought drugs to our workplaces, where the combination of modern
technology and intoxication or impaired performance and judgment
pose significant risks to workers and public safety, security,
and the economy.
? Pre-employment screening by increasing numbers of companies
have indicated that between 10 and 20 percent of all
applicants are using illegal drugs.
? Illegal drug use is even higher among the age group (18-25)
now entering the workplace -- 27 percent are current
marijuana users and 7 percent are current users of cocaine.
? In a national survey sponsored by the National Institute on
Drug Abuse, 8 percent of the young male workers admitted to
having been high on marijuana while working, and 2 percent
on cocaine.
? All industries and professions are affected, from blue-
collar workers to top executives.
? Drug users are less effective. They are two-thirds as
productive and three to four times as likely to be involved
in an accident as their fellow workers. We all pay the
price for their sloppy workmanship and bad decisions.
? Even when illegal drugs are used by workers off the job, the
effects can last long enough to impair skills and judgment.
For example, airline pilots who smoke marijuana may have
trouble performing standard landing maneuvers as long as 24
hours after smoking a joint.
ACHIEVING THE GOAL:
Five initiatives are proposed to achieve a drug-free workplace.
A balance between strong intolerance of illegal drug use by
workers and fair treatment for the individual is fundamental to
the goal.
The controversial drug testing and punitive aspects of the
proposal are essential to the message that illegal drug use will
not be tolerated; however, these measures are only tools within a
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comprehensive framework which stresses, first and foremost,
providing workers with the necessary awareness, motivation and
assistance to quit using illegal drugs and remain in the
workplace.
The mood of the country indicates that the public will support a
strong program and, further, that the public expects strong
leadership from the Federal Government.
PROPOS INITIATIVES:
1. Accelerate development of a drug-free Federal workplace.
First, this initiative is critical to public safety and to
national security. Second, the American taxpayer deserves
the assurance that public servants are performing their
duties in the most productive way possible. Finally, the
Federal Government, as the Nation's largest single employer,
should be a model for dealing constructively with illegal
drug use in the workplace.
The Department of Defense has been in the forefront of
creating a drug-free workplace for its military and civilian
.employees. The number of military personnel reporting
illegal drug use dropped 67 percent between 1980 and 1985
reflecting the Department's aggressive program of testing,
education and rehabilitation. In April 1986, the Department
established a civilian drug testing program for employees in
critical positions. Several other Federal agencies have
begun or are planning similar programs.
Step A: Issue an Executive Order implementing a strong
policy against illegal drug use by Federal
employees, as manifested in the programs discussed
in Steps B through F below.
~te~ B: Direct Federal agency heads to expand drug abuse
awareness and prevention programs among the
Federal workforce, so as to:
(1) Increase each employee's awareness of the
health, economic, and social costs of illegal
drug use;
(2) Ensure that each employee is aware that
unauthorized possession of a controlled
substance is a crime; and
(3) Increase each employee's awareness of what
can be done to identify and combat illegal
drug use, not only in the workplace but also
in their homes and communities.
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Step C: Direct Federal agencies to develop programs to
identify illegal drug users among Federal
employees.
(1) OPM would develop training for Federal
supervisors to assist them in identifying and
addressing illegal drug use in the workplace.
(2) Agencies would enable any employee to
voluntarily submit to drug testing and
encourage employee participation in such
voluntary programs.
(3) Agencies would test for illegal drug use
under the following circumstances:
(a) When there is a reasonable suspicion
that an employee uses illegal drugs;
(b) In examinations authorized by the agency
regarding an accident or unsafe
practice; or
(c) During or after admission of an employee
into a rehabilitation program.
(4) Agencies would be permitted to test all
employees in sensitive positions at the
discretion of the head of each agency.
Step D: Direct agency heads to establish guidelines and
resources to ensure effective handling of
employees who use illegal drugs. The following
provisions should be included:
(1) A "grace period" between notification to
employees of mandatory testing program and
initiation of actual testing, during which
employees may volunteer for counseling and
rehabilitation services without penalty;
(2) Upgraded and re-emphasized availability of
Employee Assistance Programs;
(3) Counseling and referral to rehabilitation, as
appropriate, for employees who have been
identified as illegal drug users; and
(4) Suggested actions for correcting and
disciplining employees who fail to stop using
illegal drugs.
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step E: Direct agency heads to initiate programs to
prevent illegal drug users from entering Federal
employment:
(1) The Office of Personnel Management would
revise Standard Forms 85 and 86 to include
questions about prior drug use for applicants
to both sensitive and non-sensitive positions
with the Federal Government.
(2) Agency heads would provide for testing of
applicants for sensitive positions before
appointment or selection.
(3) Agency heads could test applicants to
identify drug users before selection to any
position.
(4) Agency heads may prescribe referral of a drug
or alcohol disqualified applicant for
counseling and rehabilitation before
reconsideration of the applicant.
$tep F: The Office of Personnel Management would issue
guidance on the use of drug testing. This
guidance would be developed in consultation with
other agencies and provide for agency discretion,
fairness and consistency.
Steg G: Propose legislative changes to Title V of the
Rehabilitation Act making current illegal drug use
a disqualifier for entry into Federal employment
and a basis for removal, regardless of a claimed
"handicapping" condition or effect on job
performance.
2. Work pith government contractors to establish a policy of
drug-free pork enviroruoents.
Government contractors bear many of the same responsibil-
ities concerning the national security and public safety as
does the Federal agency with which they contract.
Step A: Implement Initiative #1 - Accelerate development
of a drug-free Federal workplace.
step B: Issue an Executive Order allowing agency heads to
require selected contractors, particularly those
in positions involving public safety and national
security, to meet the drug-free requirements
established for the Federal workforce.
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Step C: Agencies would develop and promulgate guidance to
all government contractors concerning the
philosophy, importance and procedures for
achieving a drug-free workplace.
3. Encourage state and local governments and their contractors
to develop drug-free workplaces.
Citizens should have the same assurances regarding drug-free
employees from their state and local governments as they
will have from the Federal Government. State and local
government employees are responsible for many programs which
directly touch individual lives, such as educational
systems, health-care systems, highway and worker safety,
state and local law enforcement, etc.
Steg A: Establish credibility by implementing Initiative
~l - Accelerate the development of a drug-free
Federal workplace.
SteB B: Presidential letter to state and local government
officials outlining the President's six goals and
asking them to follow his lead. (Letters to
governors and state legislators already
completed.) .
~te~C,: Letters from appropriate Cabinet members and
agency heads to the heads of their counterpart
organizations in state and local governments.
4. Mobilise management and labor leaders in the private sector
to fight drug abuse in the workplace.
Increasing numbers of private companies are recognizing from
experience that illegal drug use by workers is bad business.
Aggressive corporate measures to end illegal drug use,
including education, rehabilitation, law enforcement,
expulsions and/or firings, have met with strong support from
workers and the community. These measures have also brought
significant gains in productivity and reductions in health
costs, on-the-job crime, and accidents.
$te~ A: Establish credibility by implementing Initiative
#1 - Accelerate the development of a drug-free
Federal workplace.
step B: Implement Initiative ~2 - Work with government
contractors to establish a policy of drug-free
work environments.
Steg C: Presidential letter to CEO's of Fortune 500
companies, outlining the President's philosophy
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and goals, emphasizing their role as leaders of
"corporate communities," and asking them to
establish a company policy of a drug-free
workplace.
~teD D: Presidential letter to major labor leaders,
outlining the President's philosophy and goals,
emphasizing their critical role as protectors of
workers' rights, and asking for their action and
support to rid the workplace of illegal drug use.
5. Communicate accurate and credible information about how drug
abuse in the workplace can be eli~ainated.
The objective of this initiative is to assist in the process
which has already begun. Many elements of the private
sector have already taken the lead on this issue, and
increasing numbers of businesses in this country are looking
at ways to eliminate illegal drug use in the workplace. The
goal is a drug-free workplace for each American and
intolerance of illegal drug use throughout society.
~teA A: The President would address the Nation with a
general call to arms for each element of society
to join the national crusade against illegal
drugs. (Scheduled for September 14, 1986)
step B: The Secretary of Health and Human Services would
establish and publicize a toll-free "Drug-Free
Workplace Helpline" to answer questions about
illegal drugs and how to eliminate their use by
workers, including referrals to appropriate
experts and resources.
Step E: The Secretary of Labor would develop and
disseminate a "what works" booklet on Work8laces
Without Druas, to provide reliable and practical
information about the problem of illegal drug use
in the workplace and what can be done to stop it.
This would include examples of effective programs,
a summary of issues, technical guidance, and a
basic resource guide.
Sten F: The Secretary of Labor would establish and make
available a team of experts to provide on-site
technical assistance and training to businesses
and unions developing or expanding programs to get
illegal drugs out of the workplace.
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The proposed initiatives balance intolerance for illegal drug use
with fair treatment for the user. The linkage of illegal drug
use with unsuitability for employment would have a significant
preventive effect for both adults and young people. The safety
and productivity of the workplace will benefit, as will the
national economy.
Most of the current marijuana users, 54 percent (2.5 million)
cocaine users, and 14 percent (73,000) heroin users have only
minimal demand and will respond well to social unacceptance,
awareness and prevention efforts, and strict "no tolerance for
illegal drug use" policies in the workplace and schools,
including drug testing where appropriate.
Intervening early in the drug-use cycle will have the added
advantages of a safer working environment, improved quality, and
more efficient services. It will preclude illegal drug users
from advancing to more intensive use and addiction, and will
prevent their serving as points of contact between drug suppliers
and potential new users.
The following gains are representative for companies which
implement programs to stop drug abuse:
? A 55-60 percent reduction in one firm's paid leave for
sickness and accidents;
? A 71 percent drop in accidents attributed to human error for
a large transportation company;
? A 90 percent reduction in accidents for a major power
company; and
? A 21 percent drop in a fourth company's medical payments.
These programs are effective. They are good for employees, and
they are good for business and the economy.
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GOAL #2 - DROG-FRSB SCHOOLS
This goal is to promote excellence in American education by
achieving and maintaining a drug-free environment in our Nation's
educational institutions, from elementary schools through
universities.
Drug use is widespread among American students, not only in
secondary schools and universities, but increasingly in
elementary schools as well.
? Although most drug use by young people has been declining
since the late 1970's, the use of cocaine by high school
seniors has increased since 1983, and 46 percent have used
some illegal drug during the past year.
? Drug use spreads among young people through a peer social-
learning process: A person with friends who use an illegal
drug will be more likely to be willing to try the drug; and
individuals already using a drug are likely to introduce
friends to the experience.
? In the most recent national survey, only two of every five
seniors (41 percent) reported no exposure to friends using
illegal drugs other than marijuana. Almost one in four (24
percent) reported frequent contact with marijuana users.
? A 1983 Weekly Reader Survey found that about 25. percent of
fourth graders reported pressure among peers to try alcohol
and marijuana.
? Illegal drug use brings property and violent crime into the
schools.
A soon-to-be-released Gallup poll indicates that drug abuse has
become the most serious problem facing public schools, replacing
discipline which had been named as the most serious problem for
the past 16 years.
? 90 percent of the respondents support mandatory anti-drug
instruction in the schools;
? 78 percent favor expelling students caught with drugs on
school property; and
? 67 percent would allow school officials to search lockers
and personal effects for drugs.
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The use of drugs by students constitutes a grave threat to their
physical and mental well-being and significantly impedes the
learning process. The tragic consequences are felt not only by
the students themselves and their families, but also by their
communities and their Nation, which can ill afford to lose their
skills, talents and vitality.
ACHIEVING THE GOALS
Three initiatives are proposed to encourage drug-free schools.
The initiatives are based on the principles that schools,
assisted by parents and the community, have a special
responsibility to combat the scourge of drug use by adopting and
applying firm but fair drug policies, and that prompt action by
our Nation's schools can bring us significantly closer to the
goal of a drug-free generation.
Individual communities have the primary responsibility for
creating drug-free schools. With the help of reliable infor-
mation on what works, they can initiate effective prevention
programs in each school. But, as schools begin to implement such
programs, the Federal Government can provide useful assistance
and make a contribution to the effort.
. A key feature of the proposed initiatives is The Drug-Free
Schools Act of 1986 (The Zero Tolerance Act), which has been
prepared by the Department of Education to authorize the
appropriation of $100 million for fiscal years 1987 through 1991
for discretionary grants promoting drug-free schools.
PROPOSED INITIATIVSSs
1. Cos~unicate accurate and credible information on how to
achieve a drug-free school.
~teg A: The Secretary of Education would send a letter to
all heads of state educational boards outlining
the President's six goals, and the important role
of school administrators and teachers.
~teD B: The Department of Education would issue Schools
Without Druas to provide parents, school
officials, students and communities with reliable
and practical information about the problem of
school-age drug use and what they can do to
achieve drug-free schools.
(1) The booklet has been completed and will be
presented to Mrs. Reagan in a White House
ceremony on September 23, 1986. (Release
scheduled for September 16, 1986.)
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(2) The booklet will be disseminated to all
elementary and secondary schools, and will be
available free of charge.
2. Encourage all schools to establish a policy of being drug
free.
Step A: The Secretary of Education would continue his role
as national advocate for drug-free schools.
Step B: The Zero Tolerance Act would be forwarded to
Congress to provide $80 million annually to be
used as state discretionary grants to school
districts which have a sound plan for getting
drugs out of their schools and keeping them out.
(1) The plan must include tough disciplinary
provisions that are developed in conjunction
with parents, law enforcement officials and
the courts.
(2) States and localities must demonstrate their
own commitment to prevention by providing at
least one-third of the, cost of the program.
(3) Grants would be made to individual .school
districts for up to three years, but funding
for each year would depend on a district's
demonstration of specific progress in
reducing drug use.
(4) Grants would include a state set-aside for
drug prevention activities at the state
level. Set-aside funds would support teacher
training, technical assistance to local
school districts, and development of
statewide programs with law enforcement
agencies. The set-aside would be limited to
no more than 10 percent of the total grant.
Step C: The Department of Education would encourage local
school districts to expand their drug abuse
education as part of an overall health curriculum.
Step D: The Zero Tolerance Act which would also authorize
the Secretary of Education to reserve $20 million
(of the total $100 million) for national
prevention and awareness programs for students.
S The Department of Education would encourage
efforts, such as the TARGET project (National
Federation of High School Associations), to train
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student leaders in developing anti-drug
activities.
Stems F: The Department of Education would work with the
Department of Defense schools to develop a model
drug prevention program for those schools.
3. Bnsure that Federal lars against distributing drugs in or
near schools are knorn and enforced in cooperation rith
local authorities.
~teg A: A joint project by the Attorney General and the
Secretary of Education would be carried out to
ensure that all appropriate educational and law
enforcement officials are aware of this law and
are working together to etlforce it.
~te~s: The Administration would propose legislation
extending Federal laws against distributing drugs
in or near schools to university and college
campuses.
WBAT ARB TH$ B%PBCTBD RSSDLTS?
When schools, parents and communities work together, drugs can be
stopped. The benefits for the Nation will be significant:
excellence in~education and a solid future for a generation of
young Americans.
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GOAL #3 - EXPAND DROG TREATMENT AND RESEARCH
This goal is to ensure that appropriate treatment is available to
illegal drug users who are experiencing health damage and
addiction, and that illegal drug users receive the professional
assistance they need to quit using illegal drugs.
WHY IS THIS GOAL IMPORTANT?
We are working toward a drug-free society. This requires not
only that we prevent illegal drug use by potential users, but
also that we do what is necessary to have current drug users stop
using illegal drugs. While it may improve an individual
workplace or school to force out an illegal drug user, effective
treatment and rehabilitation could restore the individual to a
productive role in society.
In the last 25 years, we have seen a spread of illegal drug use
from specific, hard core patterns of addiction (the endemic
situation), to a more widespread problem involving all age groups
and social strata in our society (the epidemic situation).
Endemic group members, mainly heroin addicts, show a long and
severe history of drug abuse that is typically accompanied by
medical, psychological, social, educational and economic
problems. In contrast, members of the_ epidemic group (e.g.,
marijuana and cocaine users) are more often in the early/experi-
mental stages of drug use and have not yet progressed to the more
severe form of drug dependence. While improved mechanisms exist
for the treatment of the hard-core drug users, the large number
of experimental drug users necessitates that we develop and
implement new strategies to halt this epidemic.
ACHIEVING THE GOALS
Several initiatives are proposed to expand and improve drug-
related treatment and research in those areas which will have the
greatest rehabilitative impact for the largest number of illegal
drug users.
To assist in understanding the issues and structuring the
initiatives, the Department of Health and Human Services has
developed a set of four categories of illegal drug users:
? category I consists of those drug users who are least
involved, who require limited resources, and who should
respond to such limited actions as urine testing programs,
admonition of authority figure or peer, some counseling and
modest supervision.
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? category II includes those drug users with modest demand,
requiring a range of drug-related treatment including
inpatient, outpatient, detoxification, therapeutic
community, oral methadone, drug counseling, private therapy,
naltrexone or pharmacological supports for cocaine, etc.
? Catec~ry III consists of those drug users with severe
dependence or psychopathology requiring special services;
but when such services are provided, these individuals
ultimately respond by improving.
? Category IV are those drug users whose social impairment or
psychopathology exceeds the level that can be successfully
addressed by current methods -- require chronic care and,
for some, compulsory confinement.
Category I is typical of the epidemic illegal drug use situation
and includes most cocaine and marijuana users. Category IV is
typical of the endemic problem and is more typical of heroin
addiction.
Since drug use tends to be progressive, our goal is to direct
prevention efforts toward schools and the workplace in an effort
to intercede during the early stages of drug use, i.e., before
severe problems and habits develop. In addition, since
initiation to drug use typically occurs via friends, peers and/or
siblings who already use drugs, this approach will also minimize
the contribution of peer pressure to the drug use epidemic.
This approach has important economic implications. The epidemic
group is more likely to have other financial resources including
private insurance, personal finances, and employee assistance
programs than members of the endemic group. In addition, the
epidemic group is more likely to return to full occupational
potential following intervention. Finally, resources necessary
to treat the epidemic population are considerably less than those
required to treat the endemic group of severely addicted
individuals, as illustrated by Table 3-A.
Treatment for early stage drug users will involve self-help
groups (at little or no cost) or minimal treatment and/or
monitoring (at an estimated cost of less than $500 per person).
In contrast, the cost of treating a heroin addict effectively
would be at least $2,000 in conventional outpatient treatment
modalities, and much more in residential programs. This is
clearly in excess of what will be needed to develop and implement
alternative methods for treating early drug use.
Although our principal focus will be on the epidemic group of
drug users, we are not ignoring intravenous drug use as a vector
for AIDS transmission. The issue of intravenous drug users on
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ESTIMATED REHABILITATION COSTS
DRUG jjSERS
RF.NARTT,TTATION
CATEGORY NUMBER
$
TOTAL COST
$
Total Cocaine 4.662,061
100$
$7,031.624,137
100$
Category I 3,128,900
678
$1,368,894,000
19$
Category II 785,961
17$
$2,274,309,147
32$
Category III 373,600
88
$1,547,731,400
22$
Category IV 373,600
8$
$1,840,689,840
26$
Total Heroin 515,063
100$
$854,716.320
100$
Category
I
75,375
15$
$32,818,275
4$
Category
II
150.,750
29$
$178,429,208
21$
Category
III'
150,750
29$
$310,725,900
36$
Category
IV
138,188
27$
$332,742,938
39$
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waiting lists for treatment is also being addressed. Separate
budget requests have greatly expanded our efforts in research on
AIDS in drug users. Research on methadone and alternatives to
methadone in the treatment of heroin addiction also will help in
curtailing the spread of AIDS.
Federal support for drug treatment services comes in a number of
ways. Block grant support has increased 15 percent since the
original block grant of 1982. Additional support is given
through the Veterans' Administration, disability income payments,
and food and housing programs. Title XIX funds (Medicaid) match
state contributions for treatment for those who qualify -- most
heroin addicts do. As cities decide to increase treatment,
Federal support will automatically be increased under Title XIX.
1. Encourage states and coa?unities to develop programs to
treat specific drug-related health problems.
Fundamental to the goal of a drug-free society is the fact
that current drug users must have appropriate treatment and
rehabilitation services available. Today, more individuals
are seeking treatment for serious problems resulting from
illegal drug use than at any time in recent history. Higher
potency drugs, increased poly-drug use, more advanced and
intensive use, and a number of other complicating factors
such as crack cocaine, black tar heroin, and AIDS, have
brought increasing numbers of users to treatment centers
primarily geared to handling a stable number of traditional
opiate users.
Treatment capabilities are often inadequate to the new
demand: they cannot handle all the potential clients and the
treatment provided may be inappropriate. Although drug
abuse treatment is primarily a state and community
responsibility, the Federal Government can do much to help
in the development of adequate community services and can
increase the flexibility and appropriateness of Federal
grants provided to the states for this purpose.
~t~,p A: The Administration would request a budget
amendment of $100 million for emergency expansion
of services in treatment centers which have a high
demand for services by endemic drug users who
could not otherwise afford treatment.
(1) The funds would be managed by the Secretary
of Health and Human Services under a
combination of the demonstration authority of
Section 516 of the Public Health Services Act
in coordination with the Medicaid program.
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(2) The delivery authority would require a 50
percent state match for service dollars.
(3) The Department of Health and Human Services
could ensure pre-screening of every client,
referral and evaluation of appropriate
treatment, and special treatment programs for
AIDS carriers/intravenous drug users.
(4) The authorization would provide a time-
limited influx of Federal service delivery
money.
~teg B: The Administration would request a budget
amendment of $70 million and 14 FTE's to establish
Community Systems Development Projects. The
Projects would:
(1) Provide short-term financial assistance (on a
matching basis with a declining Federal
share) to communities to assist them in
mobilizing comprehensive, integrated
treatment and prevention efforts to reduce
illegal drug use;
(2) Build on existing public and private sector
institutions to develop a permanent
capability which can be sustained by the
states and communities themselves;
(3) Integrate alcohol and drug abuse services
into the mainstream of health care;
(4) Involve all segments of the community in
enhancing the local treatment and prevention
system; and
(5) Establish coordinated alcohol and drug abuse
prevention and treatment systems nationwide.
Step C: The Administration would propose legislation to
remove Congressional quotas on the Alcohol, Drug
Abuse and Mental Health Block Grants received by
the states and restore the state's spending
flexibility as originally intended by the.
Administration, and extend the Block Grants for an
additional five years.
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2. $zpand research in health-related areas, including drug
testing.
Increased research emphasis in the areas outlined below is
an essential component of the President's program to combat
drug abuse. More knowledge and data on epidemiology is
essential for targeting resources. More effective knowledge
concerning drug screening methods and effective prevention
and intervention systems must be made available to
communities, schools, and the worksite.
Step A: The Administration would request a budget
amendment ($3 million and 8 FTEs) to develop
enhanced epidemiology and surveillance systems
which will assure accurate tracking of the
incidence and prevalence of alcohol and drug use
and improved identification of risk factors and
risk groups.
Sten B: The Administration would request a budget
amendment ($33 million and 38 FTEs) to expand
research which will strengthen resources for
preventing, identifying and treating illegal drug
use, including:
(1) More effective methods of preventing,
detecting, diagnosing and treating?illicit
drug use and intervening with high risk
children and adolescents;
(2) Alternative, improved and less costly illegal
drug detection mechanisms; and
(3) National accredited system for laboratory
testing.
3. Bolster sedical and health progress ailed at prevention.
Prevention and early intervention is key to a drug-free
society. First, by preventing the first use of an illegal
drug, we can eventually create a drug-free society.
Secondly, the new user is almost always introduced by a
friend, a peer, or a sibling who already a drug user.
Finally, intervention in the early stages of use will
prevent the experimenter from advancing to more frequent use
and addiction.
step A: The Administration would request a budget
amendment of $15 million and 18 FTE's to establish
a Center for Substance Abuse Prevention within the
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration. The Center would carry out a
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national program of prevention, education and
early intervention activities so as to:
(1) Facilitate, monitor and, as necessary,
support Federal activities in cooperation
with public and volunteer efforts;
(2) Disseminate knowledge gained from prevention
and treatment research through statewide
prevention networks; and
(3) Provide immediate aid to communities in drug
crisis through rapid response technical
assistance, needs assessment, and other
appropriate strategies.
4. Support the drug-free Federal Morkplace initiative (Goal #1)
by providing appropriate information and technical
assistance.
Information concerning the effects of illegal drugs and
technical assistance are essential to all aspects of
achieving a drug-free Federal workplace. This initiative is
discussed more fully under Goal #1, Initiative 1; however,
the following steps should be noted under treatment and
research:
The Secretary of Health and Human Services would
work closely with the Director of the Office of
Personnel Management to ensure that Federal drug
abuse prevention programs are using the most
accurate and effective strategies and materials
available.
Stems B: The Secretary of Health and Human Services would
provide assistance to the Director of the Office
of Personnel Management to ensure that agency
employee assistance programs are using the most
accurate and effective strategies and materials.
Stems C: The Director of the Office of Personnel
Management, in consultation with the Secretary of
Health and Human Services, would develop and issue
guidelines on drug testing and rehabilitation
programs.
WBAT 1~iRg THS BXPSCTSD RBSDLTS?
The above initiatives ensure that the largest possible number of
individuals have access to accurate and effective prevention and
treatment information and services. The immediate result will be
more effective prevention, early intervention and rehabilitation.
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The ultimate result, in conjunction with other goals, will be
significant decreases in the number of individuals who initiate
illegal drug use and, equally important, significant increases in
the number of current drug users who quit their illegal drug use
and resume productive and healthy lives.
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GOAL #4 - IMPROVE INTERNriTIOMPiL COOPERATIOP
President Reagan has implemented a foreign policy that vigorously
seeks to interdict and eradicate illegal drugs in foreign source
and transshipment countries. Earlier this year, the President
raised the priority of illegal drugs as a threat to national
security. This goal will build on what has already been
accomplished and move forward to obtain full and active
cooperation from every country with which the United States must
work in drug enforcement and prevention programs.
The National Drug Enforcement. Policy Board is developing the
following initiatives to improve international cooperation:
1. Convene a conference for U.S. Ambassadors in October 1986 to
convey an international sense of urgency and to discuss
increased regional cooperation.
2. Seek legislative reform to allow Federal officers to
participate in drug arrests in foreign countries. .
3. Seek authorization to confiscate U.S. property of drug
dealers who violate foreign laws.
4. Amend immigration requirements to allow deportation of alien
drug traffickers.
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GOAL. #5 - STRSNGTHSN LAM SNFORC$lIBPT
Vigorous drug law enforcement reduces the availability of illegal
drugs in the United States, deters drug-related crime and creates
an environment favorable to the implementation and development of
long-range programs to eliminate the production and use of
illegal drugs. Since the early days of the Administration,
President Reagan has provided strong personal leadership to the
drug law enforcement effort, expanding Federal drug law
enforcement to the highest level in U.S. history. This goal will
build upon existing programs by taking steps to hit drug
traffickers with renewed force.
The National Drug Enforcement Policy Board is developing the
following initiatives to strengthen law enforcement:
1. Continue to execute Operation Alliance to increase
cooperative drug law enforcement along the United States-
Mexico border.
2. Seek legislation addressing such areas as penalties for
large-scale domestic drug trafficking, punishments for
possession of controlled substances, increased penalties for
leaders of major drug rings, import/export violations,
juvenile drug trafficking, and clandestine drug
manufacturing.
3. Strengthen money laundering enforcement and penalties.
4. Seek to restore appropriate level of FY 1987 funding for law
enforcement agents, prosecutors, and surveillance aircraft.
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GOAL #6 - INCREASE POBLIC AWARENESS AND PREVBNTION
This goal is primary. Every person must each get involved in
making illegal drug use unacceptable in our society. Attitudes
have changed, awareness has increased, and many people are
seeking ways to join in the fight.
WHY IS THIS GOAL IMPORTANT?
The most effective weapon we have against illegal drugs is
widespread public intolerance of illegal drugs and users. After
five years of a massive public awareness campaign, more and more
people are willing to take a public stand against drug use, but
misconceptions and misunderstandings still exist.
o The recent shock over the cocaine deaths of Len Bias and Don
Rogers indicates that the information is not getting through
to many people, or they are not listening.
o Yes, cocaine can kill. Yes, marijuana is dangerous. No,
there is no such thing as "recreational" or ?responsible"
use of illegal drugs. The young people and the adults whose
lives have been ruined are testimony to the real nature of
drug abuse.
Essential communication with the public is essential, and the
media, the advertising industry, sports and entertainment
personalities each have a major role in making illegal drug use
unacceptable in our society. We need to expand efforts to
increase awareness and encourage action throughout the United
States and the world.
ACHIEVING THE GOAL:
The answer to the illegal drug problem will ultimately come from
individuals. Whether we are citizen or elected official, parent
or professional, teacher or student, worker or employer, each of
us must determine the appropriate stand to take against illegal
drugs, and then take it.
Our stand may be as simple as not tolerating illegal drug use at
a party, or as complex as implementing a strong drug-free policy
for a major corporation. Both approaches are effective and both
are essential.
Five initiatives are proposed to expand awareness and prevention
efforts across the Nation -- to get every citizen involved. The
emphasis is on the leadership of the President and First Lady,
and the use of government programs as a catalyst for private
sector and grassroots action.
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PROPOSED IpITIATIVSSs
1. Encourage all citizens and private sector organizations to
join the First Lady's drug abuse arareness and prevention
caapaign.
Ultimately,?the demand for illegal drugs will be stopped
only when Americans recognize the personal dangers and
societal harms which result from the use of illegal drugs
and take action. The leverage of the Federal Government is
limited, but the President and First Lady's capacity for
moral leadership on this issue is unlimited.
Step A: The President's nationally-televised call to arms
would challenge and encourage citizens .and private
organizations to participate in the national
crusade to eliminate the use of illegal drugs.
(Scheduled for September 14, 1986)
tea B: The President would send a letter to the Chief
Executive Officers of the Fortune 500 companies
and selected foundations, encouraging their
personal and corporate support of the national
crusade.
Step-C: The President and First Lady would sponsor a
series of White House briefings in Washington and
around the country, targeting specific networks of
individuals, including religious leaders,
corporate leaders, youth group leaders, etc.
$tep D: The President would establish an "Honor Roll" as
an incentive for companies that contribute
significant resources in the area of drug abuse
prevention.
Step E: The President and First Lady would sponsor a
national drug prevention essay and poster contest
for the Nation's students, with awards presented
at a White House ceremony.
Step F: The Administration would encourage the use of
positive peer pressure by adopting the theme of
"Just Say No" as the consistent message in all
campaigns against the use of illegal drugs.
Step G: The Administration would launch a major media
campaign of public service announcements featuring
Administration officials, national celebrities and
athletes.
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2. Encourage corporations, service organisations and the aedia
to develop prevention programs within their organizations,
communities, and our Nation.
The private sector has a unique capability for communicating
accurate information about illegal drugs in a credible way
to large segments of the population. For example, in 1982
McNeil Pharmaceutical made a commitment to Mrs. Reagan to
begin a national awareness campaign with the local
pharmacist as the focal point for information on illegal
drug use within the community. The Pharmacists Against Drug
Abuse program is now established across the country and has
been expanded to several foreign countries.
By working toward the elimination of illegal drug use, the
private sector is bringing far more resources to the
prevention effort than Federal dollars could ever buy. The
private sector is making an important investment in the
future of our Nation.
step A: The President would establish a private sector
initiative for a drug-free America, with
representative leaders from the media,
advertising, business, entertainment, education,
youth, labor, and/or sports. The initiative would
promote and identify private sector initiatives
and potenti?al sources of support within the
private sector for drug prevention activities, and
would be encouraged to:
(1) Identify contacts in corporations,
organizations and foundations and develop
strategies for encouraging drug prevention
support among these contacts;
(2) Encourage national corporations specializing
in children's services or products, such as
Mattel, Walt Disney Productions, Shakey's,
Wendy's, etc., to review their available
resources and assist in launching programs
for young people.
(3) Encourage multi-national corporations to
develop prevention programs both within the
United States and in foreign countries where
they operate, particularly source countries.
(4) Encourage Employee Assistance Programs to
broaden counseling programs to include
prevention and education for their employees,
their families and their communities.
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(5) Develop incentive and recognition programs
for government agency employees who work with
the private sector in developing new and
innovative programs.
Sten B: The President would establish a media advisory
board to redouble efforts in all media forms, to
stop illegal drugs and to make their use
unacceptable in our society.
3. Bnsure that Aaericans have access to accurate and effective
inforaation about illegal drugs and strategies for getting
drugs out of their homes, schools, workplaces, coamunities,
and Nation.
The role of the Federal Government is to provide leadership,
working as a catalyst in encouraging the efforts of state
and local governments and the private sector, and to pursue
those drug abuse functions, such as research, which may lie
beyond the capabilities of state and local governments or
private groups. The need for a coordinated government and
private sector effort, which provides a strong, consistent
message to the public, is fundamental.
step A: The President would establish an interagency
prevention oversight mechanism, with selected
private sector participation, to provide central
oversight and overall coordination of the entire
national effort; encourage private sector support
and participation; assist the First Lady; and
ensure that Federal programs respond effectively
to community needs.
~te~ B: The proposed Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
in the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health
Administration (pp. 22-23) would establish a
centralized location with a toll-free number for
technical assistance, information and general
referrals.
Step C: The proposed Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
in the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health
Administration (pp. 22-23) would establish and
manage a Speakers' Bureau consisting of expert
government and private sector speakers for
addressing conferences, meetings and general media
requests.
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~teo D: Agencies would stimulate development of innovative
community-based prevention programs, including:
(1) Determining and pursuing opportunities to
increase drug abuse prevention activities by
the constituency groups of each agency
through workshops, meetings, special events
and material distribution; and
(2) Developing and distributing training and
educational materials specifically geared
toward targeted groups, e.g., ethnic groups,
physicians, parents, teachers, etc.
~teD C: The Administration would sponsor an annual drug
abuse prevention symposium for community
affairs/public affairs representatives and their
foundation counterparts to share materials, films,
goals and objectives.
4. Propose legislative or regulatory changes to re:tove certain
restrictions concerning solicitation of funds, private
sector donations, and use of aaterials developed for foreign
audiences.
Existing regulations restrict the use of certain materials
and?the formation of public-private partnerships in which
the unique resources of business and government are brought
together for community-based programs.
Stev A: The Administration would prepare and issue
appropriate guidelines which facilitate seeking
corporate support and funding for various drug
abuse programs.
St~~ B: The Administration would re-evaluate the
Competition and Contracting Act of 1984 to provide
appropriate exceptions to full and open competi-
tion, and request any necessary legislative
changes to allow private companies to donate
services, e.g., communications, technical advice,
film production, etc. for government-funded drug
abuse programs with reduced administrative burden.
Steg C: The Administration would re-examine the
restrictions for limited use of materials
developed for foreign consumption by the
Department of Defense and the United States
Information Agency and propose any necessary
legislative changes or exemptions.
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5. Reduce the level of illegal drug activity in Public Housing
~iuthorities.
In response to the President's announcement of his national
crusade to lead us to a drug-free America, the Department of
Housing and Urban Development wrote to the 3,100 independent
Public Housing Authorities in the United States and asked
them what they were doing to combat drugs. Many Public
Housing Authorities responded that they were actively
involved in getting rid of the drug dealers and stopping
illegal drug use -- they were providing information and
treatment for their employees and residents, and generally
working toward the goal of providing a drug-free environ-
ment. Other Public Housing Authorities, however, told of
housing developments overrun and controlled by drug dealers
and users.
step A: The President would send a memorandum to the
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,
declaring that drug-free public housing is
expected and that, within the limits of regula-
tions and resources, the Federal Government will
work with those Public Housing Authorities where
illegal drugs are a problem to stop drug traffick-
ing and use. The memorandum will provide the
basis for the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development to seek changes in regulations to
provide incentives for achieving drug-free public
housing.
~te~ B: The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
would form a partnership with the Attorney
General, the Secretary of Health and Human
Services, and the Secretary of Labor to work with
local Public Housing Authorities, state and
Federal law enforcement officials, and appropriate
local agencies to achieve drug-free public
housing.
~te~ C: The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and
the Attorney General would work with local
authorities to identify public housing develop-
ments with major drug problems, and:
(1) Target selected housing developments for
increased law enforcement to eliminate
illegal drug activity; and
(2) Cooperatively prepare training materials for
dealing with drug trafficking in public
housing.
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~teo D: The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
would inform all Public Housing Authorities of
local agencies affiliated with the Departments of
Labor and of Health and Human Services for drug
education, drug testing, treatment, job training,
and employment opportunities.
$teg E: The Secretary of Health and Human Services would
assist in the development of drug abuse prevention
materials and programs to benefit the employees
and tenants of Public Housing Authorities.
~teg F: The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and
the Secretary of Labor would ensure that Public
Housing Authorities are aware of the availability
of Job Training Partnership Act funds to ensure
that the housing development does not witness a
resurgence of illegal drug activities.
ten G: All Public Housing Authorities would be encouraged
to facilitate access to treatment services for
tenants and to do everything possible to initiate
the formation of parent groups and "Just Say No
Clubs" on the premises.
WHPiT ARS THB EXPSCTSD RSSOLTS?
Drug abuse prevention -- through awareness, education and action
- is the key to long term success in stopping illegal drug use
and drug-related crime. Prevention must begin with public aware-
ness of the problem, an understanding of what can be done to
improve the situation and a willingness to do something about it.
Today, individuals from every segment of our society want to know
what they can do to end drug abuse. The initiatives under this
goal will provide the national leadership to build on the current
awareness and get people actively involved in removing illegal
drugs from their communities.
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