STAFF NOTES: WESTERN EUROPE CANADA INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000500010040-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 5, 2012
• Sequence Number: 40
• Publication Date: August 6, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

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Hirr
Secret
Western Europe
Canada
International Organizations
Secret
1 0
No. 0241-75
August 6, 1975
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WESTERN EUROPE ? CANADA ? INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
CONTENTS
Spanish Authorities Continue Crackdown on
Military Officers 1
Canada and East Germany Agree on Diplomatic
Relations and Freer Movement of People 5
Test of CSCE Yet to Come 7
August 6, 1975
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Spanish Authorities Continue Crackdown on
Military Officers
Spanish authorities are moving to assure their
continued control over the transition to the post-
Franco period.
more than 20 officers are
now being detained because of their membership
in a political group known as the Democratic
Military Union. Some of the officers have
been accused of sedition--defined as an unauthorized
gathering of more than four officers--and
illegal association.
The Democratic Military Union is reportedly
composed of junior officers up to the rank
of major. Its objectives include:
--the transfer of the reins of government
to Prince Juan Carlos;
--the early integration of Spain into
Western military and economic organizations;
--the establishment of a pluralist party
democracy, possibly including a full
spectrum of parties from the Communists
to the Falangists;
--the achievement of more flexibility
and efficiency in the armed forces.
August 6, 1975
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The group?which las .een
variously linked by the press to the illegal
Communist-dominated Democratic Junta, the
fledgling political associations, and the
Portuguese Armed Forces Movement--reportedly
has no formal connectionr: with political
organizations outside the military. Individual
contacts may exist, however, and army staff
officers have indicated to the US Defense
Attache that the officers will probably be
charged with having material published by
the Democractic Junta in their possession.
Events in Portugal have further stiffened
traditional Spanish resistance to involvemcnt
by the military in politics. Last January
when political associations were legalized,
the ministers of the three armed services
issued a pointed warnin to the mill ar against
political activity
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August 6, 1975
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Spanish authorities have apparently
not reached a decision on how to deal with
the detained officers. Turning them over
to military tribunals for disciplinary action
could widen the gap in the armed forces between
military officers who support Franco's conservative
policies and those who would like to see
at least some movement toward more democracy.
A preferable alternative for the authorities
might be summary dismissals of the Union's
ringleaders from the service.
Meanwhile, civilian forces striving to
liberalize the Spanish regime appear to have
suffered another setback as right-wing forces
opposed to change reassert themselves. Last
week the parliamentary election scheduled
for this fall was postponed until the spring
of 1976. Officially the delay was attributed
to the burden of parliamentary business but
the move saems to have been orchestrated
by right-wingers in Franco's National Movement
as part of a larger strategy to insure full
control in the post-Franco transition period.
The success of the faction has increased
the influence of Solis Ruiz who has emerged
as leader of the regime supporters since
he was reappointed minister-secretary general
of the National Movement in June.
Implicit in Prime Minister Arias' program
of political liberalization is an anticipated
change in the complexion of the next parliament
which in turn will affect the composition
of the Council of the Realm. The delay in
electing the parliament will give Franco the
opportunity to appoint a new president for
the Council of the Realm, from nominations
submitted by the present Franco-dominated
Council. The president of the council serves
a six-year term and will have a key role
during the transition period after Franco
August 6, 1975
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dies or becomes incapacitated. The incumbent,
Rodriguez de Valcarcel, who is close to Franco
and who has acquired tremendous prestige
during his tenure, is eligible for reappointment.
The postponement gives the new political
associations a better chance to organize,
but it will also allow the regime more time
to influence the way in which the associations
will participate in future elections. No provision
has yet been made for financing the political
associations or assuring them access to the
media facilities of the National Movement.
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August 6, 1975
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Canada and East Germany Agree on Diplomatic
Relations and Freer Movement of People
East Germany has apparently agreed
to Canada's demands to relax some restrictions
on the movement of people between the
two countries as the price for establishing
diplomatic relations.
Ottawa recognized East Berlin in December
1972 but refused full diplomatic relations
until the East German regime agreed to
allow some of its citizens to be reunited
with relatives in Canada. Lengthy negotiations
were capped by the meeting between Prime
Minister Trudeau and East German party
boss Honecker at the Helsinki summit when
the final details were ironed out. Prime
Minister Trudeau has been quoted in the
press as saying that the agreement will:
--allow East Germans to be reunited
with relatives in Canada either
as immigrants or visitors;
--promote trade and tourism; and
--allow scientists, businessmen,
journalists, and others to travel
freely in each country.
For the time being, Canada's ambassador
to Warsaw will also be accredited to East
Berlin. There has been no indication whether
the East Germans will send an ambassador
August 6, 1975
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to Ottawa or accredit their ambassador to
Washington also to Ottawa. Until now Ottawa's
contacts with East Berlin have been through
their respective embassies in Warsaw.
While the East German regime may allow
some progress to be made on reuniting families
in order to demonstrate its desire for improved
relations, it is highly doubtful that Canadian
scientists, businessmen, and journalists
will be allowed free travel in the GDR.
As far as tourism is concerned, the tight
control maintained by East Berlin will
prevent a rapid increase in such travel
within East Germany. The East German government
is interested in expanding exports to the
West and will probably place greatest emphasis
on implementing the provisions of the a reemen
that a..1 to tra
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Test of CSCE Yet to Come
The major theme stressed by Western leaders
at the summit last week was that implementation
of the provisions of the European security conference
protocol will provide the only real test of
the spirit of detente as expressed in Helsinki.
In evaluating the value of the European security
conference, West Europeans will focus their
attention on two major areas-military security
and the freer flow of people, ideas and information
between East and West.
General Secretary Brezhnev stated that progress
at the force reductions talks in Vienna is a "prior-
ity goal" of the Soviet Union. This sentiment,
echoed by all the larger Western powers except
France, should be put to the test this fall when
the talks resume.
Allied representatives in Brussels have
been trying to overcome the objections of some
West Europeans to various aspects of the Western
nuclear proposal in time to introduce it during
this fall 's negotiations. Although agreement
has been reached on many problems, both West
Germany and the United Kingdom are concerned
about two key issues: limitations on allied armaments
and the definition of a common ceiling for both
NATO and Warsaw Pact forces in Central Europe.
The first and, perhaps, most visible test
of the new accord will come ,hen the Warsaw Pact
gives advance notice of its military maneuvers
this fall under the provisions of military-related,
confidence-building measures. This week, NATO members
agreed on a text concerning the notification
of a series of exercises planned for September
involving US, West German, Canadian and French
forces. The Allied announcement is relatively
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detailed as it specifies the time, purpose, and
area of the maneuvers, the units participating,
and the number of troops involved. The Western
powers will be watching closely to see if the
Warsaw Pact state:, reciprocate with the same
degree of specificity in their notification.
The Communist performance regarding the
provisions for greater exchanges of peoples,
ideas and information will also be watched closely.
Implementation will be facilitated through bilateral
East-West accords and the use of such existing
multinational machinery as provided, for example,
by the UN and international trade organizations
Taking advantage of the Helsinki forum,
West Germany and Poland concluded an agreement
last week--long in the works--permitting some
120,000 persons of German descent living in Poland
to emigrate in return for a West German loan
and contribution to a Polish pension fund. French
President Giscard announced his willingness in
Helsinki to begin negotiations immediately on
bilateral agreements in order to implement, and
even extend, CSCE provisions.
The West anticipates significant commercial
as well as political benefits to result from
the accords. Western businessmen hope they will
be allowed to set up offices in Moscow and to
expedite transactions by dealing directly with
factory managers instead of going through ministry
officials.
The largely dormant UN Economic Commission
for Europe is expected to play an active role
in promoting cooperation in various fields, insofar
as these relate to CSCE. The commission is already
preparing a report on follow-up procedures for
the CSCE, to include concrete suggestions for
projects involving:
August 6, 1975
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--expansion of trade between East and West,
--economic planning and forecasting,
--regularized and detailed exchanges of
information in the fields of science,
technology and the environment,
--moves toward harmonization and standardization,
--joint research concerning environmental and
energy problems,
--development of common projects in the energy,
communications and transportation fields.
According to Chancellor Schmidt, the 35
participating nations are now morally committed
to "let deeds follow words". The burden of implement-
ation--particularly in the areas requiring increased
exchanges--will fall primarily on the East. Although
the commitments are entirely "voluntary," they still
represent "a moral commitment to be ignored at our
mutual peril," as expressed by Prime Minister Wilson.
The West, as well as the neutral states, will
undoubtedly use this criterion when the first
in a series of follow-up meetings to monitor
progress in implementing the accords is held
in Belgrade in 1977.
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August 6, 1975
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