AMENDMENT OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000300090012-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 21, 2014
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: August 5, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300090012-8
17506 CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD ? SENATE
I forwarded this letter to Sargent
Shriver, from whom I received a reply,
dated April 10, which included the fol-
lowing:
The President's program to combat pov-
erty has, among other things, the aim to
? reach and help deserving people such as-the
Hoidens. The bill, as it presently stands,
permits and encourages communities to
develop community action programs which
will include provisions for adult education.
It is conceivable that this could include a
home-study course, as Mrs. Bolden desires.
Mr. President, I sincerely hope the
antipoverty program will take advan-
tage of the well-proven, rich resources
available through home-study_programs,
which range from high school comple-
tion courses through those which develop
all manner of commercially usable skills,
from radio repair and other trades or
services to the kind of "Painting for
Pleasure" pictures now to be seen in my
office. With the skilled assistance of
such experts in this field as the National
Home Study Council, whose executive
director is a distinguished educator and
former president of Ohio Wesleyan
University, Dr. David Lockrniller, pro-
vision of home-study courses can be a
great asset to the antipoverty program.
I conclude by requesting unanimous
consent that there be printed in the
RECORD some material prepared by Hal
V. Kelly, National Home Study Council
Director of Information, who assisted in
arranging for the Famous Artists School
Indiana painters' exhibit, and who was
present for its opening. He explains
with specific examples from NHSC ex-
perience the benefits to be derived from
linking home-study opportunities to the
antipoverty fight. I hope and trust
that in the operation of the Economic
Opportunity Act, the use of home-study
materials will find a place.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, RS follows:
WAR ON POVERTY
President Johnson has captured the imagi-
nation of America by his program entitled
"War on Poverty," the economic opportunity
bill now before Congress. No American
questions the necessity for the national wel-
fare in attempting to bring each adult, will-
ing to work, a minimum yearly earning in
excess of $3,000.
Not so well known is the fact that accred-
ited home study schools constantly and ef-
fectively have been waging their own "war on
poverty" for almost 75 years. Unheralded is
the assistance National Home Study Council
schools have been giving to millions of per-
sons to better themselves. Little known are
the hundreds of thousands or persons who
sought and seek to raise their own standard
of living and make themselves contributors
to society.
For more than 74 years, quality home study
schools have brought additional opportunity
through job-related instruction to more than
35 mililon persons. Records at all NHSC
schools substantiate successful battles to
provide the education and training tools for
a better way of life. Home study began its
"grassroots" educational role back in the
days of the lyceum and Chautauqua move-
ment when poverty consumed even more
lives than it does today. International Cor-
respondence Schools, Scranton, Pa., back in
1890 began serving the educationally needy
and today some 65 accredited private schools
minister to the training wants of more than
a million students in America and in coun-
tries around the globe.
Examples of training assistance to poten-
tially poverty-ridden people are numerous.
There is the case of the Italian immigrant
with less than six grades of formal schooling
who studied with an accredited correspon-
dence institution and later became chief
metallurgist for one of our large and well-
known manufacturing companies. Another
is the unemployed lumberjack from the
Northwest who, through part-time study of a
home study course, prepared himself in basic
mathematics enabling him to pass a civil
service examination and obtain a job and
security. Then, there is the case of the un-
employed worker in St. Louis who sacrificed
a portion of his unemployment compensa-
tion checks each month to pay for a home
study course which gave him the know-
how to gain steady employment as an auto
mechanic; and another example is the Negro
who prominently displays his diploma for a
practical electrician course in his radio and
repair shop?his own personal "war on pov-
erty" which he won, and now he is the presi-
dent of the Progressive Fuel & Oil Co. and
president of Dan-Ray Enterprises, Inc.
Still another example is the 16-year-old
boy who, while working in an industrial
plant, began his own advancement with the
study of an architectural course, and today
he designs some of the largest school build-
ings in the East.
Dan Kimball, chairman of the board of
Aerojet-General and Secretary of the Navy
In President Truman's Cabinet, as a high
school dropout. He later studied electrical
engineering. Bob Jones, the 6 millionth per-
son to enroll at one of the NHSC schools
would certainly not have liked to have been
placed in the poverty class, but his earn-,
Ings at the time of enrollment in 1953 were
only slightly above President Johnson's
$3,000 minimum. Today, after completing
several accredited home-study engineering
courses, he is a design engineer earning a
five-figure salary. The file of NHSC schools
bulge with many, many more similar success
stories.
Regardless of race, color, religion, these
people and quality correspondence schools
constantly have conducted their own "war
on poverty." High school dropouts?many
because of poverty?have turned to corre-
spondence training and have developed skills
and know-how that makes them employable.
These persons are among the finest ex-
amples of self-help and what is possible in
the American free enterprise system. They
had-and continue to have the ambition, the
initiative, and the determination to conduct
their own "war on poverty." Through sacri-
fice and perseverance, they Won the battle
and became contributors to our great United
States through their own tax contributions.
Today,' National Home Study Council joins
hand-in-hand with the person of vision
and ambition in fighting his personal "war
on poverty."
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is
there further morning business?
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
pore. Is there further morning busi-
ness? ?Ifaqtmorning business is closed.
OF FOREIGN ASSIST-
ANCE ACT OF 1961
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. The Chair lays before the Senate
the unfinished business.
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 11380) to amend fur-
ther the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
as amended, and for other purposes.
August 5
FOREIGN POLICY AND SECURITY
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
we are embarked on one of the most im-
portant foreign policy debates of the
current session. The outcome of this
debate will have a direct effect upon the
security of the American people, as well
as the hopes and aspirations of millions
of people in less-developed countries.
Our votes on this issue will, in my opin-
ion, determine the effectiveness of the
United States in meeting the threat of
Communist aggression and subversion
in many parts of the world. What we
decide will strengthen or weaken Ameri-
can leadership of the free world.
The great issue in this debate is:
Should we continue a substantial pro-
gram of American assistance to the
growth and development of less-devel-
oped countries?
We face this issue at a time when peo-
pleboth at home and abroad?are dis-
couraged because the progress of eco-
nomic-and social development is slow and
difficult. We can no longer hope for the
rapid successes that we achieved in Eu-
rope through the Marshall plan. The
fact is that the development of less-
developed countries will take many more
trying and turbulent years.
Since our last debate on foreign aid,
there have been setbacks and frustra-
tions. There was the crisis in Panama.
There has been conflict over the estab-
lishment of Malaysia. There have been
intemperate words about U.S. aid by
President Sukarno of Indonesia. And at
this time we see a rising Communist
threat in southeast Asia. There are peo-
ple in Missouri who feel that these events
have frustrated our foreign aid objec-
tives. I could not make this speech
without expressing their disappoint-
ment.
Mr. President, of the several objectives
in this bill, one of the most important is
to provide extensive technical assistance.
Both Title II?Technical Cooperation
and Development Grants?and title VI?
Alliance for Progress: Grants?provide
funds for technical assistance. Tech-
nical assistance funds this year will
amount to $300 million or around 9 per-
cent of the total authorization.
We have known since the beginning of
foreign aid that technical assistance is
fundamental. It has embodied the prin-
ciple that Americans have skills and
technical knowledge which can stimu-
late development.
It has provided a myriad of face to
face personal contacts between Amer-
ican specialists and village leaders in
less-developed countries. About 50 per-
cent of American AID personnel abroad
are involved in technical assistance. We
have combined the abilities of our coun-
trymen with the foreigner's desire to
learn. Together they turn the tide
against the inadequacies of tradition
and economic stagnation.
Technical assistance has helped to
create a mood for economic and social
growth. It has sent trained men out
among the people to spread new ideas
and ways for doing essential tasks. It
has begun the spirit of cooperation
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300090012-8
1964
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300090012-8
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
which is vital for future relations be-
tween have and have-not countries.
The successes of technical assistance
have been numerous. They are often
the one-man or one-team projects whose
greatest contribution has been to teach
the use of farm machines or to improve
productivity in an impoverished area.
Universities in the United States and
In less-developed countries have com-
bined their facilities, and personnel to
plan ways of communicating new agri-
cultural methods and new village health
programs. With food production up and
health standards up, local communities
can rise above subsistence levels. Some
men will be able to move to the cities.
Others will stay, will be healthier and
better fed, and will continue to raise
their own productivity levels. By in-
creasing the flow of manpower and food
to urban centers, we are fulfilling one of
the basic tasks of economic development.
Mr. President, since 1957, Missouri has
been participating in a technical assist-
ance project designed to increase the
agricultural productivity of northeast
India. In 1961, Quinton Kinder, poultry
specialist from the University of? Mis-
souri, created a modern demonstration
poultry unit. With 450 Missouri White
Leghorns and some Rhode Island Reds,
he produced a flock of 175 layers in 1962.
Last year, these hens produced more
than 15,000 hatching eggs.
Meanwhile, the University of Missouri
was training Professor Bora, from India,
to return to Assam Agricultural College,
India, to carry on Professor Kinder's
work. Not long ago, Professor Bora
wrote:
The unique services of Professor Kinder to,
our poultry unit, and the us?AID coopera-
tion and dedication of the fine buildings to
us, will be written in the letters of gold in
our heart of hearts.
Floyd E. Rogers, another professor
from the University of Missouri, helped
the farmers of Ankhola village triple
their crops by improved irrigation. The
villagers expressed their gratitude by
writing:
We like to assure you that we shall make
the best use of your so generous and sincere
help and would always feel proud to speak
about you and your countrymen. Our
* * * children will also remember in the fu-
ture this kind of help from Americans.
Other Missouri universities have AID
missions abroad. St. Louis University,
through AID, is assisting the Catholic
University. of Ecuador to improve its
training operations in education, for-
eign languages, basic sciences, nursing
and social sciences.
Washington University, in St. Louis, is
helping South Korea improve its busi-
ness management education curriculum.
At the same time, many AID techni-
cal assistance projects in less-developed
countries are calling on Missouri firms
for everything from fertilizer to refriger-
ation equipment.
Mr. President, I am proud of the role
Missouri is playing in our technical as-
sistance program. We have seen over
the years the quietly dramatic change
the efforts of men and ideas can make.
We have felt the warm responses of
thankful people in less-developed coun-
tries.
Eventually our part in the total aid
program will have brought India and sev-
eral other countries far along the road
toward self-sustained growth.
It is not enough to see how great the
need is for our technical assistance. We
must continue to come face to face with
the daily problems of meeting that need
if we are to say we are bearing our re-
sponsibility to the world.
Their growth and development is no
less than a keystone to a world of peace
and prosperity. At present the turbu-
lence of independence, poverty, and
backwardness has left many of these
countries to be unstable members of the
international community. The possibil-
ity of crises?such as in the Congo and
Malaysia?continue. Until we have com-
pleted our role in the growth of less-de-
veloped areas, we can expect new crises.
Some countries, of course, are directly
threatened by Communist subversion or
aggression. To these countries our na-
tional interest impels us to continue sup-
porting and military assistance.
But foreign aid is not just an anti-
Communist program. To countries
where the threat is the constantly widen-
ing economic gap between them and us,
we must do all we can to avert the dan-
gers this gap is bringing.
We are a Nation whose great goal is
to use our vast democratic, economic,
political, and military power for the pur-
poses of world peace. Any substantial
cut in the foreign aid bill would be a step
away from our goal. Every human con-
tribution is a reaffirmation of our humble
ability to respond to the most desperate
needs of the world. In this response, we
are preparing countries to stand on their
own?strong and ready to continue the
international construction of world
peace.
To me, the foreign aid question is very
simple. We are in a cold war with com-
munism. The question is: Do we fight
this war with dollars or do we fight it
with our boys?
_ The principle of foreign aid is right.
We have heard reports of some misman-
agement in this cold war program. But
we also know there have been examples
of mismanagement in hot wars. I would
like to point out that mismanagement in
a cold war usually means loss of just dol-
lars. In a hot war, it means loss of lives.
Certainly, we must strive to tighten up
our cold war aid program as much as
possible.
While it may be necessary in certain
instances, such as Vietnam, to commit
limited military forces, I believe our for-
eign aid program remains an effective
weapon in today's struggle between free-
dom and communism.
Mr. President, I wish to make it abso-
lutely clear that as long as I am in the
U.S. Senate I will vote to send our dollars
to fight a cold war before I will vote to
send our boys to fight a hot war.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. The clerk will call the roll.
17507
The legislative clerk proceeded to call-
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern-
pore. Without objection, it is so
ered.
FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS?INDE-
PENDENT OrteiCES APPROPRIA-
TIONS, 1965
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, it is
my understanding the Senate will soon
be considering the independent offices
appropriation bill, the number of which
bill is H.R. 11296.
Last January, the Federal Aviation
Agency, which is one of the independent
agencies within the purview of this par-
ticular appropriation bill, announced its
intention to consolidate 42 of the 296
manned flight service stations located in
the contiguous 48 States.
Some of these consolidated stations
were to be placed on a remote rather
than a manned operating basis, the sta-
tions to be operated by remote control
rather than by personnel at the stations.
This move by the Federal Aviation
Agency was protested vigorously by most
segments of aviation as a serious blow to
flight safety and as being unrustified by
the alleged economies to be effected
thereby.
Flight service stations have been re-
duced in numbers continually since
World War II. Immediately following
the war, 464 stations were in operation.
Now there are 296. The Federal Avia-
tion Agency has proposed to reduce these
stations by 42 as a first step in consoli-
dating additional units of these facilities.
The flight service stations which are
affected by this order are vital to the
safety of all aviation, but to general
aviation in particular. The private pilot
and the business pilot use these facilities
regularly, and they depend upon them
for navigation and safety. The con-
tinuous reduction of these services is
a serious blow to a constantly expand-
ing segment of aviation; namely, general
aviation.
The financial justification offered in
connection with this move is indeed ques-
tionable. The Federal Aviation Agency
contends that its action would result in
savings of $1,470,000. In my State of
Kansas, the proposal would affect four
stations, at Russell, Dodge City, Good-
land, and Manhattan. The annual sav-
ing is said to be $153,000. However, the
personnel costs included in this figure
are not, in fact, savings, because the
personnel would be offered other posi-
tions without loss of grade 'or income.
At the same time the Federal Aviation
Agency will be required to spend at least
$120,000 to remote the consolidated sta-
tions and maintain these remote 'facil-
ities at an unannounced cost.
In effect, the Federal Aviation Agency
has proposed a reduction of flight serv-
ices and safety at a dollar saving which
is, at least, questionable.
When this matter was considered by
the House, the Houie inserted language
Declassified and Approved For Release 2014/02/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R000300090012-8