DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET RIVERS FOR ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION

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• Publication Date: March 30, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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- UNCLASSIFIED
CLASSIFICATION
AIR INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION REPORT
couurRy OP AREA REPORT CONCERNS
USSR
DATE OF REPORT
March 1959
5.9A.CT (DesCriptive title
Use inaivia
t
DEVELOPMENT OF SOVIET RIVERS FOR ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION
SUMMARY (Give summary which highlights the salient factors of narrative report. &gin narrative text on Al Form 112a
unless report can be fully stated on Al Fore 112. List inclosures. including number of copies)
1. Fbrwarded herewith is a comprehensive report on the Rydroelectric Power
Development in the USSR based on information found in Soviet open sources
listed at the end of this report
2. The report consists of an introduction and Parte I and II. The introditetion
briefly describes the hydropower resourees of the Soviet Union and their
distribution. Part I desaribes major Soviet rivers which can be utilized
for power development and names all power plants proposed and built on
these rivers. 'art II tabulates all significant hydroelectric power
plants, built, under construction, or proposed for the near future.
Unimportant plants of low capacity (agricultural, etc) are omitted.
3. The value of this report lies in the fact that it gives a clear picture of
the present state of Soviet hydroelectric progress and presents a compact
up-to-date reference work containing basic information on all major Soviet
rivers and power developments. TO facilitate the use of this report as a
reference tool it is provided with river and power plant name indices,
containing references to about 100 rivers and 300 power plants.
STAT
STAT
All inclosures listed on-page 2.
c,ol-INATOR (Except USAF and file indielte DUO WOI and copies w'o inclosures, if applicable)
WARN UG. Ts de,CUreent contains inforetation affecting the national defense it thP Uniterf States within the meaning of the
!.vs. Title Ift, SC , Section 793 and 794 Its transmission or th, repoietton of Its contents in any manner to
unauthi.rired person IS orohihited by law
AF �
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112 REP1. A( S AF FORM 112. 1 CCT 52. *HIEN MAY OF USED
UNCLASSIFIED
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List of Inclosures
OF PAGES
1. tdstribution and concentration of hydropower resources by USSR economic
regions (map)
2. Pistribution and concentration of kydropciver resources by USSR economic
regions (diagro.)
3. Runoff of the largest Soviet rivers (map)
11. flardropowar resources of the largest Soviet rivers (dies.)
5. Location of the most important hydroelectric power plants in the USSR
(netV)
6. The rate of hydropower development in the USSR (graph)
- - - - - - - - � - � - - - ---
WARNING This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
Espionage Laws, Title 18, U S C., Sections 793 and 794. Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an
unauthorized person is prohibited by law It may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by other than United States Air Force
Agencies, except by permission of the Director ol Intelligence, USAF
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PAGES
Pages
1
2
5-6
7-10
Ibtential Hydropower lesoursid their Distribution ���0�.. OOOOO 7
Distribution of Surveyed Hydroporar Resources in European and
Asiatic Russia (Table A) 7
Distribution of Surveyed Hydropower Resources by Soviet Republics
(Table B) 8
Distribution of Surveyed Hydropower Resources by ECOZIOMie Regions
of the USSR (Table C) ........ OOOOOOOOO OOOOOO 0 OOOOOOOO 0,006004100 9
In.crcage of Hydropower by Five-Year Plans (Table D) 10
PART I OOOOOOOOOOOO oll0000 ***************** to ******* oeo�oilkeol000**00 11440
YA.jor Soviet Rivers which can be Utilized for Power Production ... 13.
I. Rivers of Kola Peninsula and rarblAa.0 12-14
Paats-Ioki River 12
Tuloma River Basin 9 13
Elva River , 13
1Cums.-Iova-Kovda. River System ******* o.pootto ******* coo 13
0
Kam, River 13
Vyg River ********** 0. ******** ***** 0 **** *** 0.0 ***** 0,000041000400110 13.14
Onda River ******** ****** Q 14
Stina River .p 14
II. Rivers of the Baltic Sea and. Lake Ladoga Basin ***** 14-16
Vuoksa River oiroo304boeibilo0lpe0oo�000000ood,o *********** o *********** o 14-15
Svirt River 0.0�0�00 **************** 00.0 ************* 001100041000000 15
Volkhov River ******* 0.0 OOOOOOOO 0.10 OOOOO o OOOOOO 15
Narova River � �� 0 � � 0 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0 � � 0 � � 0 0 � � � 15
Zapadnaya Dvina. River 15-16
WARNING' This document rontains information allei.ting the national defense of the Unit.d Ste:its within the meaning of the
Espionage Laws Title 18 U S C Sections 793 and 794 hs transmission Of the revelation of 'es .�notorir9 in any manner roan
unauthorized person is prohibited by law It may not be reprodisce,1 in a hole Of in parr bt oth,r than United States Air Force
Agencies, except by permission of the Director of Intelligence. USAF
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NONNI '��������
16
16+21
****** � � �� � �� � � 000000 ���� � � �� � ��� o � 0000 ******** �
III.Rivers of Black. and,Casplan Base 'Wain (excluding
Caucasus) 44,4441, 0000000 ��������o����
Dnestr River .0 ************* ******** 0 � � � 0 � � � � � �
16
Tereblya and Rika Rivers
17
Dnepr River 94.
17
Don River .. � . � � . � � 47�40������������������������o� 00000000000 ������
18
Volga River so**. �������
18.4.9
Oka River
19
Duna River
20
Ko ?y, River 040
20
Chusovaira River 0000000 .� . � . � 000000 � 000000 � 000000 � 0000 0 � 0 � � � o � �
20
Ufa River 000000 00000000�00 0000000000 004/10 *********** 000,00 *******
20
Ural River
21
IT. Rivers in the Caucasus 000000 ******* 06406000 ******************
21-26
=mai River ************ .�. 000000000000000000000 .� .�.� 0��.0� .� .� � 22
Nevinnoraysskiy Canal 000,0 *********** 0 ******* r;000 ***** 004,000 ****** 22
Bollshoy Yegorl;yk River 22
Belva River
22-23
}1.24,2eta River
23
Terek River OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOO 00040000�4100 OOOOOOOOO
23
Gizeltdon River
24
Ardon River �OOOOOO 0000.
24
Baksan River
24
Sulak and. Karakaysu Rivers OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOO ����0���������������
24
Gimista River eits0000emomo*****����o���������������*�****�����
25
Inguri River � .^0.
25
Rioni Rival' � � � �0 OOOOOOO 0 OOOOOOO o � � � � o OOOOOOOOOOOO o o.+� OOOOO o � � �
25
- - - - - - - - - - -
WARNING This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
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Ladzhanuri and. Tskhenis-Tskali Rivers ****** orneemoo 00000 ieoso,
Maori and, TkibUli Rivers 000004'0091�000 000000 0 00000 0.6044 00000 400��11
Bzhuzha River
PAGES
Pages
25
25-26
26
****** 4.410,800 ********* Ove04411 ***** Gee, 26
Adzharis-Tskhali River osooso *
. � -At
Kura River a-. � 0,i. � ok� olp 4:tr /./41F' � I{ 26
Khrami River ******* 0. ****** 0 ***** ****** 01106 26
Dzoraget River 26
/ori River 27
Alazani River 27
Terter River � 27
Razdau River 27
Vorotan River 27-33
V. Rivera of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (excluding Irtysh River
Basin) ����0� ****** s:����- ***** 41.0�0���0 28..32
Amu-Dar iya River 28
Vakhsh River 29
Varzob River 0�049190470410 *************** 041(1000.9�9100**0910�0 ***********
Syr�Dart ye River
Naryn River � � ��.� .� � � �0 ****************************** � �.� �0-0,....� �
�
Kara-Dar 4- River ��000��0�0�0����������0�����00�����0410�������0430
29
29
29-30
30
Chirdhik River tz 30-31
Ili River 31
Bolishaya Almwatinka River .50 31
Zeravshan River ********** ueo ****** ********* *****
Chu River ......00...........0 ************************** ********
VI. Rivers in Siberia and Soviet Par East
Obi River .0.0...0 **** ***** 910���������������������00�0����0�������
irtYth River .0.4.4400�4910,8000w0���00,0����1104/0����������������04141
31-32
32
32-40
32-33
33-35
tiliba River olv0000iro ******** oiroeso ********* o *************** 0414,000� 35
WARNING This document contains information affecting the national defense of th� United Stares within the meaning of the
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Xeniasy_ltiver 6 I6� ** oiornernessis0000 ***** goo*
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M,ora PAW* loolta0 ******* DO ******** 4�001�00eilveGe *************
Amur River and its tributariee ******
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35-37'
37-35
38-39
Amur River
38
Zeya River
38
Lena itilerOT
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Mamekin River
40
Vilrilr liver
PART II
Table I.
Table II.
Table UI.
Table IV.
Table V.
Table VI.
40-81
Hydroelectric Pbwer Plants in Kola Peninsula and
Karelia 41-44
Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Baltic Sea and
Lake Ladoga. Basin ***** 45-47
Black and Caspian Seas Basin (excluding Caucasus) 48-53
hydroelectric Power Plants in Caucasus ******* .0..... 54-65
hydroelectric Power Plants in Central Asia and
Kazakhstan (excluding Iriwsh River Basin) 66-76
hydroelectric Power Plants in Siberia and Soviet Far
Bast
77-82
List of newspapers, periodicals, and monographs used in the
prsparation of the report 83-99
Alphabetical Listing of all Power Plant Mentioned in the Report � 100-110
Alphabetical Listing of all Rivers Described in the Report 13.17114
Inclo sures
-
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SUPPLEMENT IV AFTORM1,12.
nist; or selyir 'miss rat illacTiaO'r* Ismirelnat -
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� , Introduction
�. .
ibtential rrirea. Resourais, and their Distribution
The total potentlal hydropower resources of alliOviet.r,ivers
at 420 million kw or 3,690 billion kelu., which'
total waterpower resources.
on the basis of the latest survey of Soviet rivers taken in 19464950, the5
1101.droenergoproyaktit.(All-Union Trust for the Design and Manning of )!ydro-
electric Tower Plants and ilydroelettric Developments) of the Mit Ittnistry of
Electric litnrer Stations evaluated. the theOrortical hydrOpower resources of the.
-1,477 oes4oer Soviet rivers to be 340 million lor of mean -annual capacity or
.20978 b1llion kwhr of,mmien annual outpiat. It is estimated that only about
50 to 58% of these resources oould be ,actually transformed into electric-
energy. Therefbre, the power resources of -these 11477 rivers technically
possible for utiLitation, � Aar be estimated at 196.5 million k:r and 1,720
on botix�
�
Considering various characteristics of certain rivers aid ecoisced.c development
Of the, regions through. Which they fiov, the on. morainal hydropower capacity
of these 1,477 rivers &mid be tirtAion.�-irieln, cad and, in the final analysis,
estimated at 137 z3lione,.*14494*V;3U,01 kwhr�
As can be seen in in 'ctasif tables B and Cp hydropower
resourcesere very -.**(kkver Ebviet territory.
�
Table A
Distribution of Survetred BYdropower Resources
in European and Asiatic Russia
Territory
.
Area
000 kn2
Estimated Wroirer
Resources
,
11000koTarikaz
1,O00 kw
liflion Eshr
�%.
European, Part
and Caucasus
Asiatic Part
USSR
-5,07160
17,196.6
60,225
279,775
56
2,450
17'e7
82.3
104.6
143.0
0
22,270�6
...
340,000
2,978
looio
133.7
WARNING- This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
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Diatribntion of surived ItydrOvairer Bernitrees'
by Soviet *whiles
Soviet
Republics
Area
1,000 kra2
Intimated ItydrOpover ReeOlarces
-1,000 kir billion kid= p 1,000 kyabrikm2:
ArayanaktiVat
Azerbe,ydritan-
Biwa
Belorussksys
Istonskcfa
Gruzinskivn
icazokhakigra
KirgisskiRre
LetVirlialcf&
Isit0Vskezra
Woltie.vekaora
%MR
Tadzbikskaya
Turbminsksara
Jkrainskaya
Uzbekskaya
29.8
83.7
207.6
45.1
76.2
2,753.8
196.9
6165
65.2
33.8
3.7,100.5
3.42. 6
118168
576.6
407.5
,
1,679
3,8v3
636
68
15,063
3.5,224
613.
436
366
249,243
26,845
2,0702.0.
5,046
7,137
14,7
33.5
56
0.6
97.4-
131.9
133.4
5.4
3.8
3.2
2,3-83.3
23,2
23.7
-=.; �
144.2
62.5
0.5
1.1
.0.2
0.1
3.3
11. k
165
0.2
0,1
0.1
73.3
7.9
0.8
1.5
2.1
1193.6
391.3'
26.8
13.2
1,277.9
474
677.3
83.0
58.6
95.2
183.3
1,649.1
, 118.8
� 153.4
340)000 2,978.4
100,0
133.7
WARNING: This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the,rneaning of the
Espionage Laws, Title 18, U. S C., Sections 797 and 794. Its tranarraission or the revelation of its contenta in any manner to an
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56,6
147.4
98,9
145.6
10.9
454.8
117.8
77.7
759.5
574
8702
369.1
47.9
166.5
3.10.o
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The vitt) cif )ytiropower divelopaert-in the MR is s1
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..� - ::-.7-474in; ...e A ,
''''''F'..:.".-� ' .i. _ ......1...�.S. ' '� Aa. ..- ..'� � ��:,
.4'4 Aka- IA... ...., 'Wt.
N. Fr.41..PL4'.4' -
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rt4r-iruz-�.z!:::�.';',.....,-74..4.AfF,7=�
Increase cif hydropower by live-yaw Plans
Table D
MX'S
,������������10.111
Capacity. .
16aropower Plants
1,000 kw
Out ut
. f
of Total Power
hydropower Plants
million kwbr
f
of Total Output
1940
1945
1950
19,5
1960
(Plan)
1,587
1,252
3,216
5,986
1141
12.2
16.4
16.0
111�����11
5,113
4,841
12,693.
23,165
59,000
10.5
11.2
13.8
13.6
18.4
Location of the most important hydroelectric power plants in the USSR is
indicated in lndl. 5.
As of today the Soviet water resources are far from being completely exploited..
In 1956 hydroelectric power plants generated 29 billion kwhr, which is only
1.5% of the utilizable hydropower resources.
- �
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MilLijor SoViort ItiversihiehCla.Be Utilised Ybr lOver FioduCtiOn
,
Thi-vait tiMirilly Of the Soviet Unicin. (22.3 'million act, Ism) is covered. 'by an
extensive :System of rivers (Ina. 5)iihich accounts for about 10 of the
vorld, s annual. stream avw.
River resourcee of the Soiriet Union presented in term of length, drainage,
and discharge Sr. shwa .1.1ft tables 210 F,-and 04 .
Data on Length of Soviet Rivers
2,000 km and more 14 rivers
1,200 4 2,000 km 17
600 - 1,200 km 74
300- 600 km 260
100 - 300 km more than 1,300 rivers
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Table
Table F
Data on Drainage Area of Soviet Rivers
1,000,000 sq km
100,000 sq km
100 sq, km
7 rivers
52
Is
more than 100,000 rivers
Table G
Data on Discharge Capacities of Soviet Rivers
)bre than 17,000 a3/sec
3. river
15,000 - 17,000
Is
3.
Is
12:000 - 15,000
1
Is
10,000 - 12,000
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The runoff end hydropower reeources of the largest, Soviet-riveis era
in I.ncld
Basic hydrological characterigtics otiOdividual rtiers Ore iresentedbeloW.
Criteria for covering these rivers ire baled on hydrOpover utuitetion
(present and planned for fOreeeeable fUture) and not on their size ar oiher.
considerations.
TO facilitate a systematic stu4y, rivers.
basins and regions:
A. European Russia
I. Kola Peninsula and Karelia
II. Baltic Sea and Lake Ladoga Basin-
III. Black and Caspian Seas Basin (excluding Caucasus)
/7. Caucasus (North Caucasus and Transcaucasia)
0
B. Asiatic Russia
V. Central Asia and Kazakhstan (excluding Irtysh !Asia)
V/. Siberia and Soviet Far Next
A. Nuropeen Russia
I. Rivers of Kola Peninsula and Karelia
Rivers of this region flaw through NUrmanskaya o. and Kareliskaya ASSR. They
belong to the basins of Barents and White Seas and Lake Onega. Rivers of
this region have following characteristics: they flow through many lakes;
sections of the rivers between the lakes have many rapids; rivii-Bials are
composed of granite or gneiss.
Rivers of Barents Sea Basin.
Paats-Ioki River flows in the most northern part of learmanaksiva oblast in
the region bordering with Finland and empties into the Barents Sea. The
present hydropower development consists of the following three power lants
(Incl. 5 and Table I)', the Keytakoski (under construction), Taniskoski
(completed in 1951), and Rayyaskoaki (completed in l935). The fourth plants_
the Borisoglebakeya station, is planned for construction in indefinite future.
36 detailed information on these power plants is available. the Rayyaskoski
Power Plant is interconnected with the Kolenergo power systeei, and it is
very likely that the other power plants are also included into this system.
� � - �
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Tulone. River Bassin is a system of rivers and isices_, the total length of which
is 300 loge the 'Tolosa River proper flows �tit of Lake Notozero, Marmsnskeya o.,
in the northeestern section of the Kola Peninsula and discharges into the
Kola Bay of the "Areas Sea. The length of the Talons. River is approx.
a km. The drainage area of the entire basin is 22,800 sq km. The average
annual discharge ef the river is 200 sYsec. The maim= flow measured at
the site of the Tuloma. Den was 1,942 aVsec, and the mint= winter flow
was 51 m3/sec.
At present there is one 48,000-kw power plant, the Tula= Station, in
operation (see Inc-1. 5 and Table 1). It is mentioned that another power plant,
the Upper Tu.loam, could. be built on this river. The Tulonm. Power Plant belongs
to the Kolenergo power system.
Rivers of the White Sea I3asin
Niva River is located in Murmanskaya oblast. It flows out of Lake Inandra and
empties into the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea. The total. length of the
river is 36 km; the catchment area including Lake Imandra, is 12,800 sq kin;
the average annual discharge 160 roPisee; and the fall of the river 126 120
The Niva River is divided. 'by the lakes Pinozero and Plesozero into three
sections -- the upper, middle, and lower. Correspondingly, the entire hydro-
power resources of the Niva River are utilized by three hydropower plants --
Niva I, Niva II, and Niva III (See Table 1).
Kunia-Iova-Kovd.a River Ef stem. Tail; river system originates in Lake Topozero
(TCareliskaya ASR) and. empties into the Kandalaksha Bey of the White Sea
(Murmanskaya 0.). The rivers flow through many lakes and have seven names
along their 244-km course, of which 145 km are measured through lakes. At the
beginning, the river is called the Sof'yanga, then Kundozeria, Kum, Rugozerka.,
Kovdochka, lova, and finally the Kovda River which flows out of Lake Kovdo zero
and. falls into the Kandalaksha Bay. Large estuary of the Kovda River is
called Knyazhiya Guba. The catchment area of the Sof'yanga-KumasIova-1Covda
River aystea is 26,000 sq km and. the average annual discharge 260 m3/sec.
At present there is one power plant (Kuma) under construction on the Kuma
River, one power plant (lova) under construction on the lova River, and one
power plant (Knyazhegubskaya 1Coyazhtya Guba) in operation on the ICovde.
River (see Inclo 5 and Table
Kan' River, begins in Finland., carrying in Finland the name of Plata. It
crosses the Finnish-Karelian border and flows in Kareltskaya ABSR under the
name of Ken, River, It flows through several small and large lakes and
empties into the White Sea. The length of the entire river is 385 km and of
the Ken' River proper 188 km. Drainage area of the entire basin is 29,040 sq kii
and. the average annual discharge -- 270 aNsec. The utilization of the river's
power resources started by building the Ken' State Regional Hydroelectric
Power Plant. This power plant was in the initial stage of construction in
1947. No further information is available.
Vyg River is located in Kareltskaya AS. It starts in a small lake bordering
Althea:1ga1' skaya o., flows through Lake Vyg and empties into Onega Bey of the
White Sea. The area occupied by the lake accounts for a* of the entire river
basin. The section of the river above Lake Vyg is called the Upper Vyg River,
and. the section below the lake is called the Lower Vyg River. The length of
the Uppe_r_ vya River its IN_km _and_ of the Lower. Vyg River 112 km.. The length
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of Lake Vyg is 69 km. The drainage area of the entive Vyg River basin is
-'29,500 sq km. The average annual discharge is 290 7kVaec. The Vyg River.
is a part of the Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Canal (White Sea Canal) -- a waterway
system which connects the White Sea with the Baltic Sea.
At present the water flow of the Vyg River is utilized, by the Matkozhnya
Ofatkozhnensksya) Hydroelectric Power Plant, which has been in operation
since 1953. Another power plant, the Vygostrov (Vygostrovskaya), is scheduled
for completion during the sixth Five-year Plan. A 1955 source states that it
is possible to built, ethql_-,kix medium-capacity power plants on the Vyg
River. �
���
Owl& Iliver'zit-a-left� Via tory- of the Vyg River. This 133-km long Karelian
river starts in Lake Ugl and flows through the Lake Ondozero.
The hydropower resources of this river are at present utilized by the Cada
Hydroelectric Power Plant (Incl. 5), which was completed in 1956. The Cada
hydro-station is interconnected. with other power plants of the White Sea
waterway system. It belongs to the Central-Karelian power system.
Rivers of the Lake Onega Basin
Suns River is located in Kara' skeya ASSR. It starts near the Finnish border
and empties into the Kondopoga Bay of the Lake Omega. Suna River is 292 km
long. It flows through several lakes, which comprise 26% of the total length
of the river. The drainage area is 7,730 sq km, the average prmnfo discharge
about 75 m3/sec.
The water flow of the river is utilized by three hydroelectric power plants
built on the Suns River diversion system. This system consists of a series
of canalswhich divert at the Girvas settlement a great part of the Suna
flow via lakes Paliye, Sandal, and Nigo into the Kondopoga Bay of Lake Omega.
The Pal 'ye Power Plant (Paltye Ozernaya) is located neer Girvas settlement,
the Pal tye-Sandal Station (Pal'ye Sandal skaya) is presumably built on the
canal connecting Lakes Pal 'ye and Sandal, and the Kondopoga Power Plant is
built on the canal between Lake Ni go and Lake Ortega. (see Table I).
II. Rivers of the Baltic -Sea and Lake Ladoga Basin
The major rivers of this region are: Vuoksa, Stir') Volkhov, Narova, Zapadnaya
Dvina, and Heman.
Lake Ladoga Basin
Vuoksa River flows out of Lake Saimaa in Finland and empties into Lake Ladoga
in the northwestern part of the Leningradskaya oblast. The river is 150 km
long, The catchment area of the entire river basin, incluaing Lake Saimaa, is
.69,500 sq km and of the river alone 7,300 sq km. The average yearly discharge
at Lake Saimaa is _05 0/Sec. -
The upper part of the river, located in Finland, has many rapids, including the
famoueItatra Falls. Power resources of this section of the river are utilized
for power by Finniah government.
WARNING This document (ontaln� information aftecting th� national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
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The flaw of the riddle section of the river, located in the Soviet Union, is
&t 'present utilized by, 'two hydroelectric power plants -- Ina� in Svetosorsk
and ibuhiala in Lesogorskiy (See Incl. 5 and Table Ir). Another power planti
the Lower Vuoksa, is proposed for construction on this river at Lake Ladoga
(Incl. 5). The Us� and Rouhiala power plants belong to the Leningrad power
system.
Svir' River is located in Leningradskgya oblast. It flows out of Lake Onega
and empties into Lake Ladoga. The river is 224 km long; its total fall is
23 in; drainage area Jae-inning Lake Onegal is 83,200 nine; the mean PTIMIP1
discharge is 790 mi3/2 sec; the lenimnal discharge 120 m3/sec; the maxima
discharge 1,450 m3 sec. .
The Svir' River is a part of the White and Baltic Seas waterway system.
The hydropower resources of the Svir' River are fully exploited by two hydro-
electric power plants: the Upper Svir' and the Lower Svir' (See Inc]. 5 and
Table II).
Both power plants belong to the Leningrad power system.
Volkhov River flows out of Lake I]. 'sen (Noveorodsksyao.) and discharges into
Lal�t-e�girTLadoLeningradskaya o.). It is 224 los long and has a total fall. dr
13 in. The drainage area, including Lake Ii 'men Basin is 80,200 sq km. The
mean annual discharge is 580 m/sec, the minimnm discharge is 11.11. eiNsee and
the maximura discharge 2,900 a3/sec.
The power resources of the Volkhov River are utilized by the Volkhov Hydro-
electric Power Plant in. V. I. Lenin (See Incl. 5 and Table II), located in
the lover reaches of the river below the Gostinopol'skiye Rapids.
The Vol khov Foyer Plant belongs to the Leningrad power system.
Baltic Sea Basin
Marova Narra) River flow along the border between Estonian SSR and
Letngra.skara op It flows out of Lake Chudskoye (Peipus) and empties into
the Narva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. The river is 77 km long. The drainage
area, inclaog the area drained by lakes Chudskoye and Pskovskoye, is
56,000 sq Sp, out of which only 14.6% constitutes the actual catchment area
of the river. The mean annnal water discharge is 450 m3/sec. The total fall
of the river ia 31 174 The 6-m fall occurs in the 6-km stretch of the
Omutinskiye Rapids (upper reaches of the river) and the 19-m fall in the
2-km stretch of the Nerve Falls in the middle section of the river.
Paver resources of the Nerve River can be fully exploited by two hydroelectric
Tower plants, one in the region of the Omutinskiye Rapids and another in the
region of Rarva Fails0.. .The Narra Paver Plant (Bee Incl. 5 and Table II) has
been in operation'ssinoel.955., .The Omutinskayapover plant, if ever built,
'will raise the level in take;ahudskoye and thus will improve the water now
of the river,
,Zapadnaya Dvina (Dauoava) River has its source in the Valdgy Rills, not far
from the source of the Volga River, and empties into the Gulf of Riga of the
Baltic Sea, It flows through the territories of RSFSR, Belorusskaya SSR and
Letviyskeya SSR. The length of the river is 1,020 km; the total fall -- 220 in;
the drainage area 85,100 sq km; the mean annual discharge -- 680 0/sec.
- � � ---
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There are several rapids on the river.
kb preset there are the following Tovier plants built, under construction, or
planned fOr'immidlite construction on the river: The Vitebsk power plant
(survey completed in 1956), Plavinas (Plyavin'tkaya; construction sCheduled
to start in 1956-1960), and KegumS (Kegueskeya; completed in 1939) (see Inc1.5
and Table II). One 1,957 source lists 9 power plants, including the Vitebsk,
Plavinas, and Kegume, as possible for construetion on the Zepadneya Dvina
River. _ � . �
,14ffii&ggif-
The other six power plants menti04441.4m.Wemarese-aet: Beihenkovichi,
Drum Daugavpils, Yekabpils, Matementkaya, -ind-tblentkeya.
Nem= River flows throughBelorustkaya and Litovskaya SSR, bordering in its
lower reaches with the Kaliningradskaya o. It begins about 40 to 45 km SSW
of Minsk and flows into the Gulf of Kursk of the Baltic Sea.
The length of the river is 937 km; the total fall -- 179 m; the drainage area
-- 98,100 stakin; the mean annual discharge at the mouth -- 690 0/sec.
The hydropower resources of the Neman River are estimated to be 400,000 kw.
There are considerable rapids in the upper and middle reaches of the river.
At present, there is only one hydroelectric power plant, the Kaunas, on the
river. This station (See Incl. 5 and Table II) is under construction since
saner 1956 and is scheduled to start operations in 1959. Upon completion
of the Kaunas power plant the construction will start on the Sovetsk power
station in the lower reaches of the river near Jurbarkas in Litovskaya SSR.
All in all it is proposed to build 8 power plants, including the Kaunas and
'Sovetsk stations, on the Raman River. The remaining 6 power plants are:
Dokudovskaya, Mbsty (Mostovskaya), Grodno, Druskininkai, Alitus, and
Birstonas power plants. Construction of these paver plants will begin in the
unforseeable future.
III. Rivers of Black and Caspian Seas Basin (excluAliid Caucasus) �
This chapter deals with the following Dnestr, Tereblya and Rika,
Dnepr, Don, Volga, Koeva, Chusovgya, Ufa, and Ural Rivers.
Dnestr River originates in the northern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains at
an elevation of 900 m above sea level and empties into the Black Sea. It
flows through the southern part of Ukrainian SSR and Mblddvskaya SSR. The
length of the river is 1,410 km, the drainage area -- 72,000 sq km, and the
mean annual discharge -- 330 0/sec.
At present, there is only one hydroelectric power plant, the Dubossary, on
the Dnestr River (Ina. 5 and Table III). Construction of another hydro-
electric power plant, the Kamenka, was scheduled to begin in 1956-60. There
is no evidence, however, that the construction of the Kamenka Power Plant has
begun. One 1958 source approved the idea of building still another hydro-
electric power plant at the Mbgilev-Podol'skiy. A.1957 source mentions that
the entire hydropower resources of the Dnestr river could be utilized by the
following nine hydroelectric stations: Nizhnevskaya, Unizhskaya (Incl. 5),
Zeleshchinakaya, Zhvanchikskaya, Mogiler-Podoliskiy (Incl. 5), Kremenskaya,
Yampol'skiy, Kamenka (Incl. 5), and Dubossary (Incl. 5).
WARNING This document contains informatin affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
Espionage Laws Title IS. U S C Sectrnne 193 end 794 Its transmission or the rovelatiun ut its contents in any manner to an
unauthorized parson 15 prohibited be leo It may not be reproduced in 41 01 in parr by other than United States Air Force
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13-4
Ter anditika Rivers. These two mountain rivere rise in the Carpathian
)buntaifls wad flaw, separated by a mountain range and paralleling -ther,
into the Tissa River 'which is the. largest (left) tributary of the
River. The Tereblya River flows at an elevation 200 m higher than the Rika
River. War-difference in elevations was utilized at the Tereblya-Rika
(Zakarpatsksera) Hydroelectric Power Plant (Incl. 5 and Table III), The dam
of this power station was built on the Terablya River and the powerhouse on
the Bike. River. A 31600-'m tunnel was cut through the mountains to divert the
water from Tereblye. River to the poverhouse on the Rika River.
Dnepr River rises in the southern. spurs of Valday Hills in northern part of
enskeya o.0 RSFSR, at an elevation 250 m above the sea level. It flaws
in southern direction through Belorusaksya SSR and Ukrainskaya SSR and empties
into the Black Sea a little below the city of Khersom.
Dnepr is 2,285 km, long; its drainage area is 503,000 sq km; the average yearly
runoff -- 53 billion cu nu theme= annual discharge (at the math) --
1,700 n3/sec; total fall -- 253 su and the average incline -- approx.
11 cm per 1 km.
The river is characterized by an uneven flow. Its annual runoff varies from
24 to 73 billion cu m and its flaw (below Elyev) fluctuates between 200 and
25,000 0/see. Dnepr is fed mostly by snow precipitations and, therefore, it
has severe spring floods. About 60 to 70% of its annual runoff takes place
in spring.
According to its hydrological characteristics Dnepr can be divided into
2 sections -- the upper Dnepr (between the source and Kiyev) and the laver
Dnepr (between Kiyey and the Black Sea). About 85% of hydropower resources
of the Dnepr River are concentrated in its lower section.
The plan for the lower Dnepr development consists of the following hydroelectric
power plants: the Kiyev stationl Kanev, Kremenchug, Dneprodzerzhinsk, Dnepr
Power Plant in. Lenin, and Kakhovka (Incl. 5 and Table III). Of these power
plants the Dnepr in. Lenin (Dneproges) is the largest. However, because of a
very small reservoir, the station operates in autumn and winter at a reduced
capacity. This situation will be remedied after the Kremenchug Hydroelectric
Paver Plant is built. The Kremenchug station will have a very large reservoir
vhich v111 regulate the operation of the Dueproges and of the Dneprodzervhinak
stations. When the Kremenchug reservoir is built, the Dneproges will' increase
its paver production by 500,000,000F kwhr a year. There is even a plan; to
expend the Lmtpr Bower Plant in. Lenin by another powerhouse equipped
with six 125,000-kw generating units. Ybur of these units could be put into
operation during 1961-1965 and the remaining two during 1966-1970. The total
capacity,of all hydroelectric stations which could be built on the lover Dnepr
would then exceed. 3,0000000 kw and their power output would exceed
1091000,000,000 kehr. When all power plants of the lower Dnepr will have been
built, the flint of the river between Kaaev and Kherson 'will be completely
regulated and navigation between these two cities assured.
1
The upper reaches of the Dnepr river 'will be developed mostly for navigation
and land. reclamation purposes. iblifer production here is only of a secondary ,
value. The following-8 power plants are tentatively planned in this section:'
the Darogobuzh, Smolenals, Orsha, Mogilev Vilyekhovka, Zhlobin, Rechitsal and,
finally, below the confluence of Dnepr with the Sozh River, the Lydbedh power
plant. These eight paver plants could develop the capacity of 200,000 kw.
_'_______ .�__ _ � � - - � 4-
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114
PAGES
Don River rises in the eastern slopes of the Central Russian Plateau (Bredne-
Rusakaya Vosvywhetux)st9 not far from the city of Stalinogorsit, Noskovskaya
o., at an elevation of 190 m above sea level. It flows through Tule skews,
Byasenskaya, Lipetsksya, Voroneshskaya, ate ingradaluval and. Rostovsioeya
�blasts of the RISTSR and evn)ties into the Azov Sea. Its length is 1,970 km;
drairusge area � 422,000 sq km; mean annual discharge -- 900 m3/sec, and. an
average etnnual runoff (at the site of Tatmlyanakekya Dam) is 23 billion cu re.
Don RiVer is a Vpical valley river. It flows throwgh a very level terrain.
Its average incline is 0.1 o/oo.
The Don River is interconnected by the 101-km long Volga-Don C�aziai.
V. I. Lenin with the Volga River.
71.ty:Allsrigr
At present there is one hydroelectric power plant, the Taisa.yanakeya, (Incl. 5
and Table III) built on the Don River. One 1955 source mentions that it is
possible to build. !bur more power stations below the Tsimlyanskaya Dem near
the following settlements: Nikolayevskaya, Xonstantinovskiy, KLUkhovskaya
and Aksayekaya.
Volga River is the most important waterway of the European Russia. It
originates in the Valday gins in the Kalininskaya 0.1 228 m above sea level,
and. empties into the Caspian Sea, which is 28 m below sea level.
Volga flows through the following �blasts and autonomous repablicire_Am.'" t,
Kalininskaya o., Taroslavskaya o., Kostromakaya o., Ivanovskaia 0.,.
Gor'kovskaya o., lihriyskaya AS, Chirvashskaya AMR, Tatarskara AS,
Ul'yanovskaya o., Kiqbyshevskaya o., Saratovskaya o., Stallngradskaya o.,
and. Astrakhanskaya o. More than 350 cities and one third. of the country's
entire population are located in the Volga River catchment basin. This area
accounts also for more than 50 percent of the country's industrial and
agricultural output.
The basic hydrological data on the Volga River is as follows:
length -- 3,690 km
total fall -- 256 km
average incline -- 7 cm per 1 km
drainage area -- 1,380,000 sq km
average yearly runoff -- 250 cu km
mean annual discharge:
Upper Volga
at Ivan lkovo Dam .... 300 m3/sec
" Uglich Dem -- 400 w
�IT Shcb.erbakov Dam -. 1,100 s
* Gor tkiy Dam -. 1,700 *
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Middle Volga
at Cheboksary
Lover Volga
� Matyshev Dem
* Saratov
� Stalingrad
� estuary
- -
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PAGE
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PAGES
335503,5/sec
73E00
7,800
8,000
8,000
The Volga River now connect by means of several complex canal systems the
White, Baltic, Caspian, Black, and Azov Seas.
In accordance with its flow chmea0eristics, Volga River is divided into
three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The Upper Volga extends from the
source to the confluence with the Oka. River, the Middle Volga stretches
frmn the Oka to the Kamm. River, and the Lover Volga from the Eama to the
Caspian Sea,
In order to exploit the Volga River most completely for power production,
navigation and irrigationsicomplex plan has been worked. out. According to
this plan a chain of hydroelectric power plants (see Incl. 5) is to be built
on the Volga and Kama rivers. When these power,plants are built, the flows
of Volga and Kama rivers will have been completely regulated from the Caspian
Sea, up to Ivanikovo and Solikamsk, respectively. At present, the plan for the
Volga River Development includes the following power plants: Ivanikovo,
Uglichl Shcherbakov, Oor*kiy, Cheboksery, Volgain. Lenin (formerly EnYbyshev),
Saratov, and Stalingrad (Incl. 5 and Table III). In addition to the above
plants, the plan for the developsent of the Volga River also includes the
Lover-Volga (Astrakhan') Pbver Plant (Incl. 5 and Table III). However, it is
very problematical whether the Lover-Volga Power Plant will be ever built.
If built, it will be located near YenoteyeVka, approximately 172 km upstream
of Astrakhan*. The following four small power plants might be built in upper
reaches of the Volga River: wErivorogskaya", Rzhev, Stall tea,and Kalinin.
Oka River is the second largest (right) tributary of the Volga River. It rises
in Orlovskaya o. and nays into Volga at the point where the city of Gor'kiy
is located. Oka is 1,480 km:long, its drainage area is 245,000 sq km and the
mean annum"' discharge 1,200 m3/5ec.
Except for a few inter-kolkhoz Wdroelectric power plants built in the upper
reaches, hydropower resources of the Oka River are not yet, utilized.. However,
when the problems of the third Five-year Plan were discussed, the question
of building one hydroelectric paver plant was raised. This power station was
to be built 5 km above the city of Kaluga, its head was to be 28 a (at dam),
reservoir -- 4.2 billion cum, igOacity -- 150,000 kw, and ;over output --
520 rellion
In 1946, it was decided in the Ministry of Electric Stations that the planning
of the Hauge Hydroelectric Power Plant must have been completed in 1947 so
that the construction, of this station could start in 1948. There is no
evidence, however, that the construction of this station was ever started.
- - - ---- --- -- -- -- -- � -- ---- - - - - - - - -- -- - - . �
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Kama River is the largest tributary (left) of the Volga River. It rises in
the Upper-KausaPIOlands from four springs at the KOrpushino Hamlet, near the
Kuligi Village, Udmurtskaya ASSR, at an elevation 331 m above sea level and
flows into Volga at 36-m elevation. The elevation of the Kama River at the
city of Perm' is 87 a at Sarapul 64a) and. at Chistopol' 45 a. The average
fall of the river is 13. am per 1 km. The length of the Kama River is
2,030 km; its drainage area is 522,000 sq km; Men annual discharge at
Larek-Kama Dam 3,800 m3/sec at Votkinsk Dam 1,700 0/sec and at Perm' Dam
:d4050,w3./sec; average annual runoff 130 km,� which is almOst 50% of the average
It Volga at Stalingrad. 55% of the entire runoff pleases during the
zASIliiiiiisalson, 17% in summer time, 10% during, the fell, and 15% in winter
::.4,Etime"r;
There is a plan to increase the flow of the Kama River by diversion of waters
from Vychegda and Pechora rivers. However, the realization of this plan will
present such difficulties that it is highly preblematical that it will be
implemented in the foreseeable future.
The plan for the development of the Kama River provides for the construction
nx Kema of the following four hydroelectric power plants: Solikamsk, Kama,
Votkinsk, and Lower-Kama (Table III).
Kosiva River, left tributary of the Dana River, rises in the swamps of the
western slopes of the Main Ural Mbuntain Ridge. It is 354 km long, its
drainage area is 8,070 sq km and the mean annual discharge at the
Shirokovskaya Power Plant 69 m3/sec.
One 1945 source mentions that six hydropower plants (Totyl, (Jpper-Kosival
Troitekaye, Nyar, Shirokovskaya, and Lower Shirokovekaya) might be built on
this river. Only the Shirokovakeya plant (Incl. 5 and Table III) has been
built and is in operation since 1947. There is no evidence that the
remaining power plants will be built in foreseeable future.
Chusoveya River is a left tributary of the Kama River. It originates in the
western elopes of the Ural Mountains. Its length is 802 km, drainage area
47,600 sq km, its mean annual discharge 420 m3/sec, and average annual runoff
13 billion_cu 316 One 1945 source reported that the NKVD of the USSR has
worked out a plan for the construction of a chain of six hydroelectric power
plants with a combined capacity of 120,000 kw and an output of 528 kwhr
on Chusovaya River. Of these six stations only the Ponysh station, located
3.5 km downstream from the confluence with Pogyeh River, was mentioned as
under construction since 1942. This information was not confirmed by later
available sources.
Ufa River is a right tributary of the Belaya River, which is a left tributary
of the Kama. Ufa flows out of a small lake in Central Ural Mbuntains in
Chelyabinskaya o. at an elevation of about 500 m above sea level. It flows
through Sverdlovekeya o. and Bashkirsksztra AMR. Its length is 912 km and the
drainage area .- 52,700 sq km.
ACeording to pre-war estimates seven power plants with combined installed
capacity of approximately 330,000 kw can be built on the Ufa River. As of
now (1958) only the Pavlovka station (Incl. 5 and Table III) is about ready
to be put into operation. A, 1957 source hints that the construction of
another power plant (named Varyathekaya) is contemplated upon completion
of the Pavlovka station.
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1
..V4,YZ'i 1.111.."4.1 .of the Ural Wtuniains and. empties
e :ping, its drainage area is 2204000 las2
and. its average �altirn annual discharge it the
,
triklinakly is .39 "Vie hydraulic conditions o the Teal
River are improved. ykie*e.it .b1,-:.,111seetivoir with the capacity of more
than one billion cu iz. he'rriklihskiit Nydroelectrric Power Plant is now
under constructipnAlmble
� -
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Other Ural . ,#,�,eitaiecondary importance. Several =ban
industria r"ran ir.1**- 'built on the Tura, Neva and. other rivers.
The .�7 :lbetween 2,000 - 5,000 kw.
44c...1� �
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IV. Rivers in the Caucasus
This chapter deals with the following rivers:
1) North Caucasus
a) Rivers flowing into the Black and Azov Seas:
Kuban' River (with Nevinnomysskiy Canal and. the Belaya River)
My:ate River
b) Rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea:
Terek River (and its tributaries Cazel'don, Ardon, and Baksan)
Sulak River (with its tributary, the Karakoysu River)
2) Transcaucasia
a) Rivers flowing into the Black Sea:
Waists. River
Inguri River
Rioni giver (with its tributaries, the Ladzhanuri and Tkibuli
rivers)
Bzhuzha. River, a tributary of the Natanebi River
Adzharis-Tskluoi River, a tributary of the Chorokh River
b) Rivera flowing into-the Caspian Sea:
Kura River (with its. tributaries, Khrami with Dzoraget, Ion,
- Alazani;-_,Terter, and. the Razdan and. Vorotan,
tributaries of the Araks River)
- - - - �
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unauthorized person is prohibited bylaw. it may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by ocher than United States Air Force
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22 114
knitenifiaticinItevinnelaraskiy Canal - Bol' ahoy Yegor1k River Water %fetal.
1114" 'Orstelepantists of the upper reaches of the Knban' River (200-km
stretch Illetaisiathe'source and the town of Nevinnomysak), Nevinnomyeakiy
Canal diverts. water from the Kahan' River into the Bol'ahay Yegorlyk
River), and the Bol'ehoy Yesorlyk River. This aystem is fed. by the waters
- of the Kuban' Rivero
The Cuban' River rises in the northern elopes of the Rain Caucasian ROuntain
Range at an elevation 2,970 m above sea level and empties into the Temryukskiy
Bey of the Azov Sea. The length of the river is 941 kin; its drainage area
57,997 sa, km; annual runoff 13 billion cubic nmters; and the mean annual
discharge 360 n3/sec. At Nevinnomyssk Knbant waters are diverted through
the Nevinnomysakiy Canal into the Bol'shoy Yegorlyk River. In winter most
of the Kuban' water it diverted into this mall leaving in the Kuban'
River the flow of only oomajn,,isSe4
Neviunoruyaakiy Canal connects the Mame and 'the Bol'shoy Yegorlyk Rivers,
It starts at the town of Nevinnomyssk on the Kahan' River and ends at the
Novo-Troitakaya atanitaa (Novotroitakeye) on the Bol'shoy Yegorlyk River.
The canal is 49.2 km long, 35 in wide 13 M deep, and is rated for the
Th a 'g,*
discharge of 75 10/sec, the mean anus]. discharge being 34 m3/sec (in
the flay is. estimate&-at 10 to 20 eftee),s
eRallf2LIEEULIgy La left trAbutary otheZtOodinyy Me
Riyeztoit, u,tarY, the.
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0-, - - -
It riset in the Stavropol' Highland and flaws through arid eteppes into the
-Mtnych RiVerx The Bol'shoy Yegorlyk River is 388Tkm long; its drainage area
is i,098kaa. It carries water only during the spring flood and fall rain
Seasons. In other seasons it is fed almost exclusively by the Kuban' River
waters through Nevinnomysskiy Canal.
The Kuban' River proper presents very little interest from the point of view
of hydropower development. However, one 1957 source stated that the con-
struction of the Krasnodar Hydroelectric Power Plant on Kuban' River would
probably start during the sixth five-year-plan period.
Two hydroelectric power plants, the Svistukhinakaya and Senalleyevskaya
stations, are built on the Nevinnomysskiy Canal (Incl. 5 and Table IV) and
the Novo-Troitakaya Station is built at the entrance from the Nevinmomysskiy
Canal to the Bol'shoy Yegorlyk River (Table IV). Three hydroelectric power
plants are planned on the Bol'shoy Yegorlyk River.- The construction of the
first of these stations, the Yegorlyk Station No. 1, (Table IV), has already
loeen started in 1956.
The Belaya River, a left tributary of the Kahan' River, rises at the Fiehta
and Oahtepa mountain peaks at the northern elope of the Rain Caucasian
Mountain Range. It flows through Ktasnodarskiy kray, RSFSR. The river is
229 km long; its drainage area is 6,160 sq km; its total fall is 2,283 M
(which is about 10 in per 1 km); and its annual runoff (measured at Maykop)
is 1,750 million cu in. The hydrological and geological conditions of the
upper reaches of the river are favorable for the construction of a series
of hydroelectric power plants.
It is estimated that a series of 13 hydroelectric power plants with a combined
annual output of 2.1 billion kwhr can be built on the Belaya River. Of these
stations, the Maykop and Belorechenskaya stations are already in operation
WARNING This document �untains informattnn alterting the national defense of the On, ed States within the meaning of the
Espionage Laws Title I U S C Sections 703 and 794 Its transmis�� or the revelation of its .ontents in any manner roan
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PAGES
ilma the construction of the third station, the tekhovskire, hes et4rted some-
i4aseduring the filth five-yew plan period (19564960).(inel.'5 end Teal*
- M.
The Neymta River rises in the southern slopes of the Nein Caucasian
Mauntain Ifirage at an elevation 3,000 m above sea level. It flows through
Krasnodarskiy /may, RSPSR, and empties into the Black Sea at the town of
Adler. The river is 82 km long, its drainage area id 885 sq km, and itel
annual runoff (at Krasneys. Polyans.) is 915 i11Lon cu in. At present there
is one hydroelectric power plant, the rc ammo. Polyana Station, on the.
river (inc).. 5 and Table IV).
The Tarok River rises in the zu.1,- of the Main Caucasus
Nowitain Range IGruzinskiYiat -SSW the Caspian sea forming a
large delta. In its upper rmaehii,4 -"4the source and the city of
Ordzhonikidze, the river is a typicariiiimiain. river. Its incline here is
10 in per 1 km. Downstream from Ordzhonikidze the river flows in a piedmont
plain and after the inflow of the Make River the incline of the Terek River
becomes 0.15 to 0.05 in per 1 km. The length of the Terek River is neatly
600 km; its total fall sore than 2,500 m; the drainage area 43,700 sq km; and
the mean annual discharge, at the KeZbegi Village 23.40 msec, at
Ordzhorikidze 36.05 u3/sec, at 41,khotovo Village 120.00 /sec, at
Cbernoyarakeya Village 247.00 m7/sec, and at the mouth 150 m3/sec.
A. 148-1cn long Terek-Kuma irrigation canal built between the Terek River
(18 lon upstream from the town of )ozdok) and the Kuma River (at Pravokumskaya
Village) diverts some of the Torok water for irrigation purposes. The first
stage of the canal draws as much as 100 cu Waft.
In 1936 the Gidroenergoproyekt (All-Union, Trust for the Design and Planning
of Hydroelectric Power Plants and Hydroelectric Developments) has worked out
an overall plan for the development of the Terek River. According $a this
plan 7 reservoirs with a combined capacity of 2,542 million cu in and the
fallowing 10 hydroelectric power plants with a combined capacity of
494,000 kw could be built on the section of the Terek River between the
source and the Elvkhotovo Village: Kobi (17,000 kw); Andezit (24,000 kw);
Dar,yal (220,000 kw); Dlinnaya Dalina (51,000 kw); Chernorechenskaya
3.9,000 kw); Ordzhonikidze (18,000 kw); Delakovskaya (18,000 kw); Tsalykskaya
7,000 kw); Kardzhinakeya (20,000 kw) and 11,khotovo (100,000 kw). A. little
downstream from the tIlkhotovo Village some of the Terek water could be
diverted by means of a canal into the dry righT-tributary of the Terek River,
the Krup River. On this River a seriesmsf six hydroelectric power plants
with a combined capacity of 240,000 kw could be built. The Krup power plants
would be regulated by the El,khotovo Reservoir.
At present there are two power plants the 1Czminakaya and Ordzhonikidze
stations, in operation on the Terek River. The third station, Dartyall is
under construction (Inc).. 5 and Table IV). Of these three stations, the
construction of the Ordthonikidze,and Dartyal were tacluded in the 1936 plan
described above.
It is not clear Whether the Istahekgya Station is intended to replace the
Dlinnaya Dolina or Chernoredhenskaya or both stations called for in the
1936 plan.
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The Gizel'don River, left tributary of thelerek River, rises in the
Shau-Khokh glaciers in the northern slope of the Win
Caucasian )buntain Range. The Gizeltdon is a typical glacier-fed river with
Banner floods and minter dry seasons. The discharge (at the Verkhayaya
Kbban' Village) fluctuates between 0.7 m3/sec and 2725/sec. The mean annual
discharge ia 3.35 0/sec. The maxim= flood discharge, observed, was 45 0/set
The average annual runoff (measured at the Verkhnyays.Koban' Village) is
106 million cu
At present there is one hydroelectric paver plant (Gizel'don) in operation on
the Gizelidon River (Incl. 5 and Table IV).
Axton River, a left tributary of the Terek River, is a swift mountaia river.
It flows in Severo.-Osetinskaya ASS. The Ardon River. is 95 km long and its
drainage area is 2,120 km?. In 1937, one hydroelectric power plant, the
Vazallskaya station, was under construction on the Ardon River. The
projected capacity of this station was 14,000 kw. It was schedule& for
completion in 1941. It was reported, however, in a 1939 source that the
constraetion of this station was interrupted. There is no information that
it was ever resumed,
The Baksan River is a right tributary of the Bake River, which, in turn, is
a left tributary of the Tarok River, The Baksan River rises in the northern
elopes of the Nhin Caucasian Mountain Range (Az= Glacier of the Elbrus
Nbuntain). It is 165 Inn long and has a 6,880 sq km eatchment area. As a
typical glacier-fed mountain river it is characterized by summer floods and
minter low-water periods. The average yearly runoff is 1,030,000,000 ca in;
the mean annual discharge is 33.2 cu *sec. There is a power plant, the
Baksan Station, on the Baksan River (Incl. 5 and Table IV).
The Sulak River and its Tributary, the Karakozsu River, The Sala. River is
formed by -66 confluence of the -varakoye Kbyau and the Andiyskoye Kioysu
rivers, which rise in the glaciers of the north-western elopes of the Main
Caucasian Nbuntain Range, It flows into the Caspian Sea forming a large delta,
The length of the river from the source of the Andiyakaye Kbysu is 332 km.
The length of the Sulak River proper is 150 km; the drainage area is
13,400 km?; mean annual discharge 180 0/sec; the flow fluctuates from
35 mNsec to 2,500 30/8ec0 The Sulak River forms many canyons and gorges
(the main Sulak Canyon at the confluence of the Avarskoye and Andiyakaye
Koyau; the Cherkely and Niatlinskoye Gorges, each about 800 m deep; and the
Akhatlinskoye Gorge about 150 111 deep). The hydropower resources of the
Sulak River and its tributaries are very rich. According to a plea, developed
in 1932-1933, it is possible to build on the Sulak Elver and its tributaries
about 10 hydroelectric pewer plants with a combined capacity of 950,000 kw
and three reservoirs (on the Andiyskoye Kays% Avarskoya-Oraa and the Sulak
River proper). The Sulak River can be completely regulated assuring a steady
disPhArge of 145 siNsee.
At present there is one hydroelectric power plant, the Chir-YUrt Station,
under construction on the Sulak River proper (Incl. 5 and Table IV), Con-
struction of another power plant, the Cherkeyskara Station, will start on the
Sulak River as 1710641 as the Chir-Yurt Station is put in operation. Another
power plant, the Cargebil' Station (Table IV), is in operation since 1937 on
the Karakoysu River, a left tributary of the Kazykumakhskoye Kbysu, which is
a right tributary of the Avarskoye Koysu. The Urakoysu River is 100 km long,
its catchment area is 1,800 sq km, and its mean annual discharge is 20 mVsec.
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The Gumista liver is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the last Ommista
an *214114st Oumista. It flows into the Black 004 The last Guaista River
rises in the :Baybsk4 Rpur of the *.in Caucasian NountAin Range at an
elevation 2,670-rn above sea level; it is 31 belong, its catchment area is
117 sq km, and theme= annual discharge (at the Sukhumi Dam) 707810/sec.
The West Oundsta River is 26 knt long. The last and West Gumista Rivers are
separated by a high Otsyush Nbuntain Ridge. In their middle course they
flow only 2,5 to 3 km apart, the last Gumista flowing at an elevation 270 in
higher than the West Gumista River. After their confluence, the river is
called Gamista. This section of the river is 12 km long.
The difference in elevations (270 n) of the last and West Gumista Rivers has
been utilized in constructing the Sukhumi Ifydroeleetria theworks of of which were built on the last Ginuieta laver
West Gumista River (Incl. 5 and Table IV).
The Inguri River is located in the western pert of the Gruzinskaya SSR, It
starts in a 6,614-m high glacier area of the Min Caucasian Nbuntain Range
and flows into the Black Sea. The length of this rapid mountain river is 188
len and the catchment area is 3,730 Belem. A 1958 source states that it would
be desirable to build a hydroelectric power plant on the Inguri River (Inc1.5).
It was proposed to complete its construction not later than in 1966. This
power station is planned as one of the largest in Gruzinakaya SSR.
The Rioni River, rises in one of the main glaciers on the southern slope of
the Main Caucasian Albuntain Runge and empties into the Black Sea, It is
316 km long, the drainage area is 13,500 sq .km, and the mean annual discharge
is 430 aNsec. The average annual runoff is estimated at 3,940,000,000 cu
From the source to the city of Kutaisi the Rioni River is a typical mountain
stream.
It is estimated that about 12 hydroelectric power plants could be built on
the Rioni River. At ptesentetthe Rioni River development consist of the
following three stations: the Gumati Gee I, the Gmati GM II, and the
Rioni GES (Incl. 5 and Table IV). In addition to the above power plants,
the Namakhvani Plant (probably near Nanakhvani Village, 25 km from Kataisi)
is planned for construction on the Blond River, The possibility of the
conetruction of the Vartsikhskiye power plants is mentioned. The output of
the Gamati and Rioni power plants will be considerably increased after the
construction of the Ladzhanuri Plant on the Ladzhanuri River (tributary of
the Rioni River).
The Ladmhanuri and Tskhenis-Tskali Rivers. The Tskhenis-Tskali River is
11717527garaglit tributary of the Rioni River, It originates in the
glaciers of the southern slope of the )in Caucasian Nbuntain Range. The
river is 159 km long and its. drainage area IS 2,180 taliaa In its upper
section, the river is a-typical mountein_Otreena. The Ladebanuri River is
also a right tributary of the RiaatRilharpbut and its flow is
not sufficient for the opete4ion.of'ipIergis hydrOelectrie power station.
At present, the flow of the Tskhenit-Tskali River is diverted through a
series of tunnels into the tadzhanuri River, where the Ladzhanuri Hydroelectric
Pbwer Plant is under construction (Incl., 5 and Table IV).
The Shaori and Tkibuli Rivers,. Both rivers are small mountain streams located
in Gruzinskaya MR. The Shawl flows into the Tkibuli River, a tributary of
the Oirila River which, in turn, is a left tributary of the Rioni River.
Flawing through the Nakerallakiy Ridge of the Rhin Caucasian Mountain Range,
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Thelaryn, River feeda the Northern Fergana Irri-gation Canal (180'163/see) and,
partly (110 mNsea) the Great Fergana Irrigation Canal (the Great Fergana
Irrigation Canal reeeiNies the balance of:its flaw from the Kara4lartya River).
The Naryn River is charaatiriked by a, ateit tall (on the average 3 m per
1 km) and by geological donditions, favorable Zai-the ccastruction�of hydro-
electric power plants (rocky formation of banka, deeply set bed, etc.).-
According to preliminary data, more than 20 high-head. hydroelec.Utic pover
plants with a combined =peaty of 4 million kw could. be built on the Naryn
River end its tributaries. So far, the Uch-KUrgan No. 1 Hydroelectric Power
Pleat is under construotion, on the Naryn River�and.Nsmangan No. 1 and
Namangen No. 2 stations are in operation. On the Northern lergana Canal
(Table V). The following power plants are mentioned in 1957 and 1958 sources
as projected for construction in foreseeable future on the Warp and on the
Susamyr rivers (the Susamyr River is a tributary of the Kamen= River which
is a tributary of the Naryn River):
the Alabuginakaya (550,000 kw), Toguzipepta (550-600,000 kw), Tash-Kumyr
(planned as the largest On Naryn), and the Uch-KUrgan No. 2 (30,000 kw)
stations on the Naryn River and the Susamyr Station on the Susamyr River.
In 1947 a. high importance was attached to the construction of Cychi No. 1
and Wahl. No. 2 hydroelectric power plants on the Northern Fergana Irrigation
Canal. However, information is not available whether these stations were
ever built. Each of these stations was to be equipped with 3 Francis
turbines, each rated for the discharge of 50 m3/sec. The head at station
No. 1 was to be 16.6 m and at station No. 2 -- 37.0 mu it was &leo planned
in 1947 to build the Kassansay Power Plant and Namangan No. 3 and Namangan
No. 4 stations.
The Kara-Darla River is a left confluent of the Syr-Dariya River. It is
316 km long and its drainage area is 27,800 sq km. It has no importance
from the point of view of power production. However, it feeds the
Shaarikhan-Sy Irrixation Canal on which 3 hydroelectric power plants, the
shaarikhansay 0, Shaarikhansay 6, and ShaarikhanSky 7, are built (Incl. 5
and Table V).
The Chirchik River is a right tributary of the Syr-Dar,yaRiver. It is
formed by the confluence of Pskem and Chatkal rivers. Its length is 336 km
(including Chatka) and 155 km without it. Its drainage area is 141200 sq km.
Atter the confluenge with Chatkal River, the Chirchik River has a flow varying
from 30 to 1,452 m7/sec. When the noir reaches 600 m3/sec, the &mount of
floating silt is 1,000 tons per day'. The mean ftnnAA1 discharge is 350 m3/sec.
In summer, when hot dry winds blow from the south, the flow decreases con-
Iiderably, The average winter flow in the Chirchik River is 60 0/sec.
High water occurs twice a Year, in Aril-May and., in. July, when countless small
creeks carry water and silt into the Chirchik River. Frazil and anchor ice
caused. considerable trouble in winter. Chirchik River feeds water to the
Boz-Su. Irrigation Canal. At preamat the Chirchik Boz-Su hydropower
development consists of the following stations:
Tavakalcaya, Komsomoltsk, Troitakaya (Ak-Kayak I-bis), Ak-Kavak I, Ak-Kayak
Ak-Kavak XXX (Kibray), Kadyr'sya, Saler, Boz-Su, Sheykhantaur, Burdzhar
Burdzhar II, Ak-Tape, Lover Boz-Su I, Lower Boz-Su III Lower Boz-Su
Lover Boz-Su IV, Lower Boz-Su V, and Lower Boz-Su VI, (Table V): There is a
certain confusion in respect to the Troitskaya Power Plant. Its construction
stimetedat before the war, but it was later interrupted. One 1948 source
mentioned it as under construction, No further information is availab1eeon
�
WARNING: This document con tains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
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this plant.
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PAGES
In addition to the above-mentioned stations it is planned to build the
following stations in the upper reaches of the Chirchik. River (upstream from
Tavakskaya Station): the Charvak, Khodshikent, and the Oazalkent stations.
The Upper-Chataml and the Niddle-Chatkal stations are also mentioned as
possible for construction on the Chatkel Rivers
-
Rivers of the Lake Balkhash Basin - �
The Ili River risoli$A=V41104111i4.010Vitains in China where it is formed
by the confluence-aftli-` .1g* rivers. It empties into Lake
BalkhaSh. ThetataUrlsmaeifth*-111-Aiver (from the source of the Tikes
River) is 1,400 The length of the Iii River proper is 950 km and its
length within the Soviet Russia is 740 km. The total drainage area is
131,500 salon and the drainage area within the Soviet Russia is approximately
740 sq. Ian. 14 mean annual discharge is 400-450 0/sec. The maximma flaw
in high-water periods reaches 2,900 a3/sec.
According to one 1956 source, the hydropower resources of the Ili River basin
are estimated at 37 billion kwhr of which less then 1% are now utilized. The
sixth five-year plan provides for the construction on the river of the
Kapchagayskaya Station (Incl. 5)s This hydroelectric power plant will be
built at the Napchagayabaya Gorg44 70 km downstream from Alma-Ata and,.1.1 km
downstream from the Ili settlement. The ultimate capacity of this power plant
is yet unknown.
The Bolishaya Almaatinka River is a tributary of the Kaakalen River, which,
in turn, is a tributary of the Ili River, The Bol'shaya Almaatinkr River
originates in the glaciers of the Zailiyskiy Ala-Tau Nbuntain Range, Twelve
kilometers from the source it flows through Lake Alma-Ata, which is 36m deep
and has a surface area of 0.5 sq. km. Its mea o annual discharge is 1.89 0/sec
with mcan for the month of March being Q.59 mP/eec and mean for August
5.163 m?/see, The minimum flow is 0.5 1P/sec and_the maximum flow reaches
7 /sec during the melting of glaciers and 12 m)/sec during torrential rains.
A series of small-capacity hydroelectric power plants have been built on the
Almaatinka River on the 42-km stretch between Lake Almaatinskoye (2,500 m
above sea level) and the city of Alma-Ata (700-900 above sea level) (Table V).
Rivers which disapyear in sands.
The Zeravshan River rises in glaciers of the Zeravshan Ridge of the Almyskiy
Range in SSR. It flows toward the Amu-Der'yaBiver and
disappears in the sands 20 lon before reaching the Amu-Dartya. It is 738 km
long; its drainage area is 41,860 sq I= and its annual runoff is about 5.2 Cu.
km. Its flow varies from 30-35 0/sec in winter to 603-700 0/sec in the
summer. In its upper reaches (300 ismi long) the Zeravshan is a turbulent
mountain river. After entering the desert in Utbaltakaya tam, it does not
receive any tributaries and gradually loosee its water through irrigation,
evaporation and absorbtion. The Ural/alum Elver feels the Dargom Irrigation
Canal. The water intake of the Dargam CAIIR1 is at the Ravate-Khofthinakaya
Dem. The average water flow in the canal (at the Khishrau Station) is
25 0/sec in December through April, 45 0/see in June through November,
and 19 0/sec in May.
- - - - - - -
WARNING This document rontaini information Affecting the national defense of the L nited States within the meaning of the
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32 114
Cne,1957 source esti-Mates-the hydropower resources .Of the ZerlavWnul River at
2,2051000. kir. However, at -present,. there is only-One insikcipal *implant -
kw* to be in operation on this river ir am 0.4- of rendisuaiotti. Acoording
to the aame1957 iieUrce, the following power plants are proposed for
construction on the Zeravahan River: one rower plant (several scores of
16) at the Rervat-KhodOinskaya,Dam; the 40,000-kw Pendzhikent Station;
40,004-kw Dupulinakayal 74000.4km, Yavanekiya; ISkandmrkullskeya;
iskbmat,abadskaya, and Bishkentskaya stations.
The IbilOwing power plants are built on the rgam Irrigation Canal: Khishrau
(Incl. 5 and Table V), Oligulyan No. 1, TaligUlyan 3, Kekbranan and,
prObably, Taligulyan No. 2 stations. The eapadity of the Taligulyaa stations
is not known. PrObahly they are small agricultural power plants. One 1957
source states that the next station, to be built on the Dargom Canal volaW
be the 100,000-kw Samarkand Hydroelectric Station and atter the reconstruction
of the intake of. the Dargam Canal one or two stations with single or conbined
capacity of 100,000 kw.
The Chu River is formed by the confluence of the Dzhuvanaryk and Kochkor
rivers vlich rise in the Central Tien-Shan Mbuntain Range. It flows between
the Lake Balkhash and Syr-DarlyaRiver and terminates in the =Ms of the
)'un-Kw m Desert. The river is 1,030 kIon long; its drainage ares. is
27,rn maim, and the mean annual discharge (below the city of Tokmak) is
57 u /sec. The flow of the river is regulated by the Orto-Tokoy Reservoir,
14 km long and k Ye:wide. Th.. Chu River feeds the Great Chu, AtbaShilwriy,
and the Georgiyevskiy irrigation canals. The Great Chu Canal originates
at a mall village of Kenbulasknear Toknak, Frunzeadkaya o., Kirgizskaya
SSR, some 140-150 km downstream fnmn the dam of the Wto-Tokoy Reservoir.
It consists of 2 parallel canals -- the 175-km long West Chu and the 120-km
long test Chu canals. The Atbashinskly and Georgiyevskiy irrigation canals
branch off from the Chu River at the Chumudh Dam, some 8 km from the
Georgiyevskaye (Georgiyevka) Village, Dzhambultakeya 0.1 Kazakhskaia SR.
There are no hydroelectric power plants on the Chu River yet. However,
3 power plants -- two at Dzhill-Aryk (incl. 5) and one at Tokmak City --
ere proposed for construction. Nine small-capacity payer plants have been
built on the West Chu Canal (Table V), two small stations, the 410-kw
Malaya Alamedinskaya and 4,400-kw Atbashinskaya Station have been built on
the Atbadhinskiy Canal and one station, the 6,400-kw Georgiyevskaya
Station on the Georgiyevskiy Canal.
�
Vlo Rivers in Siberia and Soviet Far Nast
This chapter deals with the following rivers: OW, Irtysh, Ullba, Yenisey,
Angara, Amur (with its tributaries), Lem, and Mamakan.
The Ob' River., with its major left tributary the irtysh River, is the main
water artery in Western Siberia. It is formed by the confluence of Katun'
and Biya rivers, which rise in Altar Mbuntaina at an elevation 4,000 m above
sea level. it empties into the Gulf of Ob' (Obskaya Guva) of the Kara Sea.
WARNING This docunient contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
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The main hydrological data of the Obi River are:
Length
drainage area
annual runoff
� Ira
mean annual discharge _
" ' r
PAGE
,3 OF
PAGES
3,680 km (from the conf/usnce of Natwal
, and Biya rivers to the mouth)
5,570 km (*oaths source of the Irtysh
River to the mouth)
2,930,000 sq km
---31511C
rsr
discharge at individual points:
at Herniae
at Novosibirek
at Salikhard
9,700 m3/sea (max) 360 m3/sec (min)
650 N n
2,000 " "
15,000 "
42,800 "
In its upper reaches, the Ob' River flows through the Altay Mbuntains region..
Downstream of the city of Kamentna-Obi (Kamen'-on-Ob'), the Obi River enters
the Western Siberian Plain.
One 1956 source estimates the power resources of the Ob' River to be about
5.7 million kilowatt.
At present the 400,000-kw Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Power Plant is under
construction on the Ob' River at Novosibirsk (Incl. 5 and Table VI). It is
expected to start operating at full capacity by the beginning of 1959. The
second station on the Ob' River viii be the 630,000-kw Kamenskaya Hydro-
electric Power Plant (Incl. 5 and Table VI), located near the city of
Kameni-na-Obi, 200 km upstream from Novosibirsk.
The following six hydroelectric stations are envisaged for construction on
the Obi River below Novosibirsk: Haturinskeya (near Raturino), Kireyevskaya,
Chulymskaya (at Chulym R.), Tymmkaya (at TymR.), Vhkhikva (at Vakh R.),
and Nizhne-Obskaya (Lower Obi) (10 km from the city of.faltekhard),
Some upper tributaries of the Obi River here beef roughly surveyed. Several
hydroelectric power plants could. be built on the Katun, River (nem annual
discharge -- 630 m3/sec). Of all tributaries of the Ob' River only the
Irtysh River is already utilized for power production.
The Irtyth River is the main tributary of the Oh' River. It has its source
in &Ina, at he southwestern slopes of the Mongolian Altiy. ,It nowt for
580 km within the borders of China; 170 km within the Soviet territory, it
flows through Lake Zero= (380 m above sea level). The section of the river
from its source to. Lake Zaysan is dolled "Chernyy Irtyse (Kara�Irtysh)) the
section from Lake Zaysan to the mouth -- "Belly Irtore or stag*. Irtyah.
The main hydrological data of the Irtysh River are:
Total length (from the source
to the mouth) 4,422 km
WARNING This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United Stales within the meaning of the
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LASSIFIE
CIACSIFICATON
(SECURITY INFORMATION when filled In).
Neale of Power Plant
. � .
Average
Heed
Installed.
Capacity
11000,4v
,
Daniskaya .
12.2
,lio
Shul Iba (Shal tbinakaztra)
53.9
500
Semipalatiask
19.5
200
Belokamenskaya
26.7
250
Isvestkovskaya
11,7
110
Aksharskara
10.7
90
Podpuikavskaya
11,8
100
Yamythevskaya
1405
120
Pavlodar
9.3
100
Bobrovskaya
l506
120
Omsk
15.4
150
PAGE OF 114 PAGES
Average Annual
Output
� sal Wu'
doo
3,260
1,170
1,68o
500
840
860
Of these stations only the Shullba Power Plant (Incl.� 5 and Table VI) can be
now considered as feasible for construction, Its construction would probably
begin after the completion of the construction of the Ustl-Bukhtarma Station,
In addition to the above 11 stations, the following three power stations are
envisaged for construction downstream from the city of Omsk: the Tarskayal
Ishimskaya and the Tbboliskaya stations*
The Ulvba River, a right tEibutary of the Irtysh River, is formed by the
confluence of the Tikhaya and Gromotukha rivers. Its is 148 km long, counting
from the source of the Gromotukha River. Its drainage area is 7,400 sq km
and the average water discharge, measured near the Ul'ba settlement, is
14.2 m'/sec. �
There is one hydroelectric power plant, the Ul(ba Station (Incl. 5 and
Table VI) on the Ultba River. It ie fed by the water of the Tikhaya River
(Tikhaya River Reservoir) and partially by the water of Gromotukha River
diverted to the Tikhaya River by means of a canal. In addition, there are
two stations, the Upper Gromotukha (Tishinskaya) and the Lower Gromotukha
stations (Table VI) on the Gromotukha River, which is regulated by the Malaya
Ul'be River Reservoir and the Leveya Gromotukha River Reservoir. There are
also 3 industrial hydroelectric stations, the 3,000-kw Upper Khariuzovka,
800-kw Lower Khariuzovka, and the 600-kw Bystrukha stations, run by water
of the Khariuzovka, Bystrukha and Pilippovka rivers which flow into the
Tikhaya. River,
The Yenisly River is formed by the confluence of the Bol 'ahoy Yenisey and
the Malyy Yenisey rivers. It empties into the Kara Sea. The Bol'shoy
Yenisey River (the right confluent) flows out of Lake* Kara-Balyk in the
Eastern Sayan Mbuntain Ridge. The Malyy Yenisey River rises in the Tannu-Ola
Mbuntain Ridge.
The Yenisei River has considerable seasonal flow fluctuations. About 40% of
the annual runoff occurs during the two flood months and only 13-19% of
the annual runoff occurs during the six winter months -- from November to
April, inclusive.
�
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36
The main hydrological data on the Yeni**7 River sr* as follows;
Length (including the
Bol thoy Yenisey 11.) 4,100 km
drainage area 20700,000 kIng
average annual runoff
after the inflow of Angara
(VerkhrlYSYsTunaPaka) 237 km3
atter the inflow of
PodkamenneyaTtnaguska 306 km3
after the inflow. of
Nizhayarm Tunguska 456 km3
at the mouth 548 km3
mean annual discharge
atter the inflow of Angara 7,500 m3/sec
atter the inflow of
PodkaiwIneya Tunguska 9,700 a3/sec
after the inflow of
Riihnyays. Tunguska
at the mouth
total fall of the river
14,500 1213/sec.
17,400 m)/sec.
1,600 m
2.3.4
PAGES
The flow at the Oznachennoye Village (proposed site of the Sayan Station) is
14,500 m?./sec max. and 110 1213/sec min., and the flow at Krasnoyarsk is
23,900 mNseo max. and 340 m)/sec min.
One 1958 source estimates that a series of hydroelectric power plants with a
combined, capacity of 20,000,000 kw and an annual output of 120 billion kwhr
can be built on the Yanisgy River.
The following stations are specifically mentioned:
the 3,500,000-kw Swan Station, proposed for construction near Oznachennoye
Settlement, where the Yenisey emerges from the Sayan MOuntain Range, (Inc1.5);
the Minusinsk Station, proposed for construction near Abakan, 60 km dawastremn
from the Sayan Gorge;
the 4,000,000-kw Krasnoyarsk Station, presently under construction (Inelo 5
and Table VI);
the 6,000,000-kw Yenisey Station, proposed for construction near Abalakovo
Village, 27 km below the confluence with the Angara River (Mel. 5 and
Table VI);
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the 5,000,000.4w Osinovokaya Station, proposed for '�nat'OsinOVS4r*
1410s, 18 kniopstroaa frMa the oOnfluence with the Ikadkiasennays,Ttniguska
Itiver-(Xncl.
fteLcnimm-YeniOey Station is alio mentioned.
The /Liver, also called 'florid:12100ra T17110140.0 is the mein right tributary
oil the Y.niuy River� It flows out of the Like Baykal and emptier) into the
Yenitey River 2,000 km from its mouth*
The river's main hydrological data are:
length (fraa its source to the estuary)
catahlent area (of the Angara River proper)
� " (including Lake BaYkal)
average annual runoff
St Lake Baykal
at Bratsk
at the estuary
Maul annual discharge
at Lake Beykal
at Bratsk
at the estuary
total fail of the kilter
- 1,854 Ica
- 468,000 km2
1,045,000 km?
60.7 billion mr3
92.0 billion 3113
124.0 billion m3
1,650 2a3/sec
2,918 m3,/see
4,200 m3/sec
380m
The distinguishing feature of the Angara River is its' uniform flow. This
is due Vilkirtly to the high-regulating capacity of Lake Baykal. Lake Baykal
has a surface area of 31,500 sq km and a catchment area of 590,000 sq km.
The ;Atter accounts for about 56% of the entire catchment area of the
Angara River basin.
Downstream sections of the Angara River freeze up before its upper reaches.
The ice forms in the vicinity of the Bratsk Power Plant in the end of
October or in the beginning of Novedber, vhile in the vicinity of the Irkutsk
Station it forms in Decedaer. The current is very swift. These conditions
account for the formation of anchor and frazile ice. In the spring the ice
starts to break-up in the upper reaches of the river first. All these
conditions cause severe ice Jame.
In 1953 the gascow Branch of Gidroenergoproyekt (All-Union State Institute
for Planning RYdroelectric Bawer Stations and Power Developments) worked out
the soheme for the development of the Angara River which called for con-
struction of the followine six hydroelectric power plants on this river:
WARNINO This document contains information affecting the national defense of the United States within the meaning of the
Espionage Laws, Tale 18. U S C Sections 793 and 791. Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an
unauthorized person is prohibited by lass It may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by other than United States Alt Force
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PAGES
(Inel4ana
Table VI)
Irkutek
(660,000 kw),
65 km from Lake Baykal
OUkhovakeya
(260,000 km),
108 km � � � (itclo 5)
.
Tellminskeya
(245,000 kw),
147 km
�
�
�
(� 5)
Bratsk
(3,600,000 kw)
697 km
�
II
II
(Inc1.5 and
Table VI)
Ustf-Ilimsk
(300000000 kw),
1,003 km
�
�
(In41. 5)
Boguchany
(2,700,000 kw),
10451 km
(� 5)
At present the irkutik Station operates at full capacity and
Station is under construction*
The Amur River and its tributaries
the Bratsk
The Amur River is formed by the confluence of the Shilka and Argani rivers.
It eMpiles into the Tatar Strait which connects the Okbotskoye and Japan Seas.
The Amur River serves as a state boundary between the USSR and Chinese
Peoples Republic. Counting from the source of the Shilka River, the Amur
River is 4,354 km long and, oaunting roma the confluence of Shilks and
Argun' rivers it is 2,846 km long, Its drainage area is 108430000 soLkm, and
the mean annual ditcharge at the confluence with Zeya River is 1,800 mViec
and at the estuary 11,000 0/sec.
The Amur River is navigable throughout its entire length. Its water flow is
very irregular)) (1lhe amplitude of the fluctuation of its level is 10 to
14m in the upper and middle sections and 6 to 7 m in the lover). During the
monsoon periods the floods reach catastrophic proportions.
The Zeya River, the left tributary, is the in *puree of flood trouble on
the Amur River. During the flood season the Zeya River discharges about
90% of its annual runoff into the Amur River at the rate of about 23,000 0,4ec
(during the law season it discharges only 10 to 40 m3/sec, the mean annual
discharge being 1,800 310/seo). The problem of the flood control of the
Uwe River is a very urgent one.
A joint Sino-Soviet Commission for the
working on the Amur River since 19540
scheduled for completion in 1959-1960.
considered for the construction in the
Amur and on its tributaries:
Development of the Amur Basin is
The work of the Commission is
The following power plants are
Upper and middle sections of the
On the Amur Elvers Ammar (About 1,000,000 km)
Dthalinda (about 1,000,000 km) (Incl. 3)
KUznetsovo (about 1,0000000 kw)
Sabotinb
Blagovedhchenak (about 1,000,000 kw)
Toyarkovo
_
Khingan (about 1,000,000 kw)
- .. .... - - - . -- -- - --- -- - ---- - - ----- -----
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PAGE
On the Argunl River:
(right confluent of
the Amu' R.)
On the Z,ra River:
(left tributary of
Amur River)
On the Selemdzha River:
(left tribulary of the
Zeya River)
On the Bureya River:
(left tributary of the
Amur River)
On the Ulakhe River:
(tributary of Ussuri
River, a right tribu-
tary of Amur River)
On the man River:
(right tributary of
Unsuri River)
*chit= loal000 kw
OF PAGES
9 114
10 stations, of which of practical importanCe
for the present time are only
Zeya (800,000 kw) (Incl. 5 and Table 1), and
Gramatakha (800,000 kw)
11 stations, of which of practical importance
for the present time is only
DaSMara (250,000 kw)
Ushumun (40,o00 kw)
Deldykanskeiya
Bureya (Bureinskaya) (Incl. 5)
Luxhkovskaya (Incl. 5)
Upper-Ian (Incl. 5)
On the Gorin River Talanda (100,000 kw)
(left tributary of
Amur River)
The Sino-Soviet Commission decided Miot to utilize the lower Amur (below
Khabarovsk) for power production because it would interfere with the fiat
industry in this area and would inundate great area of fertile land. The
construction of power plants listed above will probably begin only in the
distant future. It is quite possible that at the time the construction will
actually start on the Amur River the present plan will be drastically
revised. However, the development of the Zeya River is a real project -- the
tinter cutting in the area has alrealy been started and the construction of
the Zeya Power Plant will be included in the. 1959-1965 plan (Table VI).
The Lena River rises in the western slope, of theAfiykel Mountain0 Range at
an elevation 930 m above sea level. It isicties\Pkt9:1:4thcLaptev Sea of the
Arctic Ocean. Its length is 4,270 km; d�sinsgs area --,=-2;11420,000 km2; mean
annual discharge -- 15,500 mNsec4 maximum fioiv.-:A2opopo 23/sec; minimum
flow -- 366 m3/sec; total fall -- 930 m. Hydropower resources of the Lena
River are roughly estimated at 200000,000 kw. There is no reason to suppose
that the Lena River will be utilized for power production in the foreseeable
future. However, there are two rivers of the Lena River Basin which are
intended for utilization in the immediate future. These are the Mamakaa and
the Vilyuy Rivers.
- - � � - � - � - -
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110 11.4
The,:� A.
'wile* called Wm River, is a left tributary of the Vitim
In turn, is aright tributary of the Lena River. It is a
turlAtent*M. ;Aver with high cliff banks. Its average annual discharge
is 19210/146i"fhillanakan' River flows in the perm-frost zone. On this
river a series of power' plants as be built, the first of which, the Nanakan
Hydroelectric Power Plant, is now undar construction (Table VI).
The Vilq River, the largest left tributary of the Lens River rises from a
group ot laea located in the vicinity of the Anson Mbuntain Ridge of the
Central Siberian plateau in the Arctic Circle area. It is 2,430 km long,
its drainage area is 491,000 km?, and the mean annual discharge 2,300 m)/seci �
It is free fmm ice 149 days a year and is navigable up to the Syulidthyukar
village (1,170 km from its mouth). One 1959 source reports that the Seven-
Year Plan provides for the construction of a large hydroelectric power plant
(Table VI) on the Vilyuy River in the diamond-rich Yakutskaya AS. The
sane 1959 source mentions that the construction of the Vilyuy Hydroelectric
Power Plant will be undertaken by the wAngaragesstroy* (the trust for the
construction of Hydroelectric Power Stations on the Angara River) which is at
present completing the work on the Irkutek Hydroelectric Power Station.
Part II
This part of the report tabulates below all important hydroelectric power
plants arranged by rivers, The tables include only power plants which are
built, are under construction, or are proposed for construction in the near
future. Only significant power plants are tabulated. Unimportant power
plants of low capacity (agricultural, etc) are omitted. Power plants of
significant capacity proposed for a distant future or plants which are now
merely under discussion are mentioned only in the text of Part I and are
omitted from the tables.
There are six tables arranged in the same order as the river basins and areas
covered in Section I (see pc, 12)
Table I. Hydroelectric Power Plants in Kola Peninsula and Karelia (1)14 41-44 )
Table II.
Table III
Table IV.
Table V.
Table VI.
Hydroelectric Power Plants of the Baltic Sea and Lake Ladoga Basin
(101). 45-47 )
. Black and Caspian Seas Basin (excluding Caucasus) (pp. 48.53 )
Hydroelectric Power Plants in Caucasus (pp.54-65 )
et
Hydroelectric Power Plants in Central Asia and Kazakhstan (excluding
Irtysh River Basin) (131). 66-76 )
Hydroelectric Power Plants in Siberia and Soviet Far East (pp. 77-82)
Each table is divided in six columns. Stations are grouped in the first
column under the river on which they are located and are arranged in the
sequence of their location on the river in downstream direction. In general,
stations are designated under the name of a city or a river from which they
deriWertheir names. Those stations for which it was impossible to ascertain
their geographical origin, the names were entered in transliteration from
the Russian language.
- � - - - - - ----- --
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