STATUS OF THE CSA-1 (SAM) SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05162A000400010099-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 99
• Publication Date: September 1, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

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NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION CENTER
PHOTOGRAPHIC
I NTERPRETATION
REPORT
STATUS OF THE CSA-1
(SAM) SYSTEM
SEPTEMBER 1975
Copy 21
PIR-033/75
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Warning Notice
Sensitive Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
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STATUS OF THE CSA-1 (SAM) SYSTEM, CHINA
1. This report discusses Chinese CSA-1 surface-to-air missile deployment, training activity,
construction activity, support depots, and selected CSA-1 system-related production facilities. 25X1
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Included are a location map, five photographs, and four tables.
2. The CSA-1 surface-to-air missile (SAM) system is the only deployed SAM system in China.
During the period from March 1974 through July 1975, changes in the status of CSA-1 system-related
facilities were observed. A moderate level of new CSA-1 deployment occurred during this period.
Sixty of the 74 known SAM sites in China are occupied, an increase of six occupied sites since
March 1974. The three permanent training facilities maintained a high level of activity during this
period and increased emphasis was placed on field training. Site improvement and new construction
also continued at a moderate pace. A total increase in equipment levels was observed at the eight
SAM support depots, including one newly identified depot. Minor changes in equipment levels were
also observed at CSA-1 system-related production facilities. In addition, CSA-1 support vehicles and
equipment at five SAM facilities were observed reflecting light
This report updates NPIC
Top Secret RUFF
and provides information from photography of
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Deployment
4. To date there are 74 known CSA-1 sites in China (Figure 1 and Table 1). Sixty sites are
occupied, 12 unoccupied, and two probably abandoned. Of this total, 27 are hardened permanent
sites, 34 permanent but not hardened, and 13 field deployed.
5. Six SAM battalions have been newly deployed to launch sites since March 1974. Three
previously targeted but unoccupied sites in the Pei-thing (Peking) Military Region (MR) were occupied.
Tang-ku SAM Site A36-21 and Pei-thing SAM Sites C18-21 and D08-21 were occupied
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E:::]rhese sites now augment the air defense of the corridor between the Po Hai (gulf) and Peking 25X1
City.
1972
1973
1974
Jan-Mar
High
High
High Apr 75 - Jun 75
Battalions at: Count
Count
Count (Latest Count)
Occupied sites 56
56
54 60
Training areas 7
9
11 11*
Totals 63
65
65 71
*Actual count of launchers identified in the training areas is 62.
6. Three new permanent CSA-1 sites had been constructed in Sinkiang MR around Wu-lu-mu-chi
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sites defend the major industrial and administrative center of Sinkiang. They are the westernmost
SAM sites in China and the first significant SAM deployment west of the 95th meridian. The only
previous SAM deployment west of the 95th meridian occurred when a field deployed site was
established near Wu-sha-ta-la in June 1967. It had been abandoned by January 1968.
(Continued p. 8)
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Top Secret RUFF
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Top Secret
Items 1=74 ale fie edto TABLE 1
Items ,A:F a r&Jyed to TABLE 2 ;
Neinie nd b d y reprei nhtion
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OCCUPIED CSA-1 SITE
UNOCCUPIED CSA-1 SITE
PROB ABANDONED CSA-1 SITE
SAM SUPPORT DEPOT
SAM TRAINING AREA
SAM MATERIAL PRODUCTION FACILITY
NPIC s.kza~
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Top Secret RUFF
Table 1. Status and Types of CSA-1 (SAM) Sites, China
(Items keyed to Figure 1)
Site Status
Site Type
Item
Site Designator
& BE No
Geographic
Coordinates
Occu- Unoc-
pied cupied
Hard-
ened
Perma-
nent Field
Shen-yang Military Region
1
Shen-yang
42-06-11N
X
X
X
C04-21
123 -41 -01 E
X
X
3
Shen-yang
41-59-38N
B05-21
123-44-28E
4
Pen-chi
41-15-39N
X
X
X
B 10-21
124-10-23E
5
An-shan
41-00-11N
X
B23-21
122-48-25E
6 Lu-ta 39-19-07N X
C04-21 121-58-01 E
38-18-38N X
120-49-18E
9 Yen-tai 37-45-51 N X
D30-21 120-43-06E
Remarks
Bunkered guidance control
building
Bunkered guidance control
building
Last occupied Oct 72; Site
deteriorating.
Bunkered guidance control
building
Permanent site was unoccu-'
pied
probable associated
occupied field training site was
16 nm south-southwest. The
equipment had returned=
nd the training site was
abandoned.
X X Bunkered guidance control
building
X X Site has rail-served cave-stored
launchers and an elevator-
mounted guidance radar. Three
SAM support trucks were ob-
X Site is on a small-arms firing
range adjacent to Lai-yang Hq
Inf Div A Army Bks AL 1C
aunchers are
often net-covered. Occupied
over five yrs.
X X Deeply revetted and covered
guidance control area. On photo-
graphy0five launch-
ers were operationally field de-
ployed adjacent to the north edge
of their revetted positions. All
launchers had been returned to
their revetted positions
13 Cheng-te 40-54-42N X
C27A-21 1 17-19-18E
14 Chang-chia-kou 40-47-35N
D 10-21 1 15-35-43 E
15 Chan-chia-kou 40-45-50N X
D10AA-21 115-33-50E
X X Elevator guidance; Cocoons at
five launch positions
X The equipment from this site was
redeployed to a new hardened
site. Chang-chia-kou DlOA-21 2.0
nm southwest
X X Elevator guidance area. A field
training site, possibly associated
with this site or Chang-chia-kou
B13-21, was identified at 40-23-
20N 115-15-30E on photography
Q No coverage of this
site was available on photography
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Site Status Site Type
Site Designator Geographic Occu- Unoc- Hard- Perma-
Item & BE No Coordinates pied cupied ened nent Field
16 Chang-chia-kou 40-43-05N X
B13-21 115-06-22E
17 Hu-ho-hao-te 40-41-55N X
C12-21 112-04-02E
X X A field training site, possibly asso-
ciated with this site or Chang-chia-
kou D1OA-21 was identified at
40-23-20N 115-15-30E on photo-
graphy0 No coverage
of this site was available on photo-
graphy
X Three launchers and the guidance
radar were operationally deployed
adjacent to the west edge of the
site on photography
All equipment had been returned
to the revetted positions
18 Pao-tou 40-31-37N X
Al 1-21 1 10-07-47 E
X Site is usually occupied; however,
it was nonoperational on photo-
graphy0 Only one
launcher remained at the site. A
field training site was not identified
in the immediate vicinity.
X X Elevator guidance radar site was non-
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20
Pei-ching
C03-21
40-21-1ON
1 16-41-02E
X
X
X
21
Pei-ching
40-13-10N
X
X
X
E30A-21
115-25-OOE
22
Tang-shan
40-12-30N
X
X
X
D36-21
1 18-06-54E
23
Pei-ching
39-59-45N
X
X
D08-21
1 17-03-38E
X
X
25 Hsi-ho-ying
39-53-46N
X
X X
A19-21
1 14-44-58 E
26
Pei-ching
39-48-18N
X
D11-21
117-02-29E
27 Pei-ching
39-34-24N
C 14-21
1 16-45-38 E
28 Pei-ching
39-33-39N
X
C 18-21
1 16-24-50 E
operational on photography
when only one launcher was ob-
served. A field training site 12.5 nm
southwest was occupied by five launch-
ers on photography The
hardened site was reoccupied
Elevator guidan eradarf ur cocoons.
On photograph the launchers
and guidance radar were deployed in
the old permanent site 300 feet north.
On photograph both
the hardened site and the old side were
unoccupied. By Jan 75 the old site had
been reoccupied.
Elevator guidance radar, six cocoons.
Elevator guidance radar. Site was unoc-
cupied on photography Oc-
cupied field training site was observed
4.nm east-northeast on the same date.
On photography0 the site
was observed occupied for the first
time since Nov 68. Site was unoccu-
pied on photography
and reoccupied
Site has been unoccupied for more
than four years. The site probably
has been used for construction sup-
port for nearby dam. Construction
materials were no longer present by
but had been reoccupied
Elevator guidance radar; revetments
under construction. Site was unoc-
cupied on photography
but had been reoccupied
Site has been unoccupied over four
years and is used for an air warning
radar site; Chiu-wuching AW Radar
Site
On photography
the site was observed occupied for
the first time since October 69. On
the site
was nonoperational. Only three
launchers remained at the site, all in
a single launch revetment.
all equipment had been return-
ed and the site appeared to be op-
erational.
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Top Secret RUFF
Geographic
Site Status
Site Type
Item
Site Designator
& BE No
Coordinates
Occu-
pied
Unoc-
cupied
Hard-
ened
Perma-
nent
Field
29
Pei-ching
39-22-40N
X
X
Site was unoccupied on photography
D20-21
1 16-07-49E
An occupied
field training site was 5.5 nm north
on photography 0 The
permanent site was reoccupied and
the field site was abandoned on photo-
graphy hree prob-
able SAM support vehicles
30 Pei-ching
F23-21
39-21-58N X
1 15-32-57E
X X Elevator guidance radar; cocoons at
three launch positions.
On photography
the site was occupied for the first
time since May 71. On photography
the site was nonop-
erational. The guidance radar was
gone and launchers were on bogie
wheels. On photography
the site was uno u i
but had been reoccupied
33 Shih-chia-chuang 38-16-54N X
C32-21 1 14-08-59 E
X Site is usually occupied but was un-
occupied for first time since July/
A field
training site has not been identified.
X X Elevator guidance radar, cocoons.
Site was nonoperational on photo-
graphy when
only two launchers were observed. A
four-position field deployed site was
identified at Shih-chiachuang/Ta-
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34 Shih-chia-chuang 37-59-42N X
C 10-21 114-55-11 E
35 Yu-men 40-13-08N X
A12A-21 097-11-59E
36 Kang-cha
A22-21
37-17-30N X
100-06-29E
37 Lan-chou 36-59-1 ON X
G34-21 103-18-10E
39 Hai-yen 36-49-10N X
B25A-21 100-45-44E
40 Hai-yen 36-48-53N
B25-21 100-45-51 E
36-38-47N X
104-13-18E
42 Lan-chou 36-13-03N X
C29-21 103-12-21 E
43 Lan-chou 35-57-21N
B 12A-21 104.01-41 E
The hardened site was reoccupied on
photography and
the field deployed site had been
abandoned.
Permanent site was complete on photo-
graphy The temporary
field site has been abandoned.
X X The permanent site is unoccupied
and under construction. CSA-1
equipment is field deployed adja-
cent to the permanent site. On
photography 0 the site
was nonoperational with only three
launchers and eight missile trans-
porters observed. A field training
site had not been identified.
X X The equipment had probably been
moved to Lan-chou SAM Site G34-
21
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Top Secret RUFF
Site Status Site Type
Item
Site Designator
& BE No
Geographic
Coordinates
Occu- Unoc- Hard- Perma-
pied cupied ened nent
Field
44
Lan-chou
35-53-55N
X
C25A-21
103-16-28E
45
San-yuan
34-44-35N
X
X
E28-21
108-03-15E
46
Pao-chi
34-27-15N
X
B07-21
107-21-43E
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49 Wu-lu-mu-chi 43-44-24N X
A23-21 087-29-03E
50 Wu-han NW
F32-21
31-16-35N X
1 13-37-20 E
51 Wu-han 31-07-08N
E32-21 113-36-19E
52 Wu-han
B03-21
30-52-09N X
114-26-21 E
53 Wu-han 30-19-22N X
B20-21 114-12-52E
54 Huang-shih 30-17-06N X
A02A-21 115-08-57E
Cheng-tu Military Region
55 Cheng-tu 30-59-50N X
C33-21 103-45-32E
30-36-45N
103-52-40E
57 Cheng-tu 30-30-05N X
B13-21 104-18-17E
58 Cheng-tu 30-13-37N
D23-21 103-30-26E
59 An-shun 26-09-15N
B 12-21 106-07-08E
60 Kun-ming 25-00-47N X
C27-21 102-17-41 E
61 Kun-ming 24-43-47N X
B17-21 102-47-01 E
area. On photography
the site was nonoperational
with only three launchers observed.
A field training site had not been
observed.
Occupied over five years; probably
associated with San-yuan SAM
Training Area.
All three Wu-lu-mu-chi SAM sites
are newly constructed. They were
iH- ied_pn photography =
All three Wu-lu-mu-chi SAM sites
are newly constructed. They were
identified on photography
All three Wu-lu-mu-chi SAM sites
are newly constructed. They were
identified on photography
photography
The SAM unit probably
moved to Wu-han SAM Site NW
F32-21.
X X Bunkered buildings in guidance
area.
area. On photography
the site was nonoperational
with only three launchers observed.
A field training site had not been
identified.
X X Bunkered buildings in guidance
area.
X Site was unoccupied in May 74
and reoccupied by Jul 74.
Completed by May 74. Bunkered
buildings in guidance area.
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Canton Military Region
62 Kuang-chou 23-30-40N
C36-21 113-16-50E
0614-03127
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Site was identified under construc-
tion in November 74. Equipment
from Kuang-chou SAM Site B34-
21 may be deployed to this site.
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Top Secret RUFF
Site Status
Site Type
Site Designator
Geographic
Occu-
Unoc-
Hard-
Perma-
Item
& BE No
Coordinates
pied
cupied
ened
nent
Field
X
No permanent SAM-related facili-
ties. Site uses part of an army bar-
racks area for support.
64 Kuang-chou 23-09-02N X
A08-21 113-23-57E
66 Chin-chou 21-33-34N
D23-21 108-08-36E
67 Nan-chang
C 14-21
68 Lien-cheng
A21-21
28-20-32N X
116-14-39E
25-38-47N X
1 16-43-1 OE
X X Bunkered buildings in guidance
area.
X X Bunkered buildings in guidance
area.
70 Nan-tung
C31-21
32-15-17N X
120-31-15E
72 Shang-hai 31-27-03N X
B36-21 121-26-02E
73 Shang-hai
B09-21
31-14-50N
121-44-30E
74 Shang-hai
A02A-21
31-20-10N X
121-29-50E
X This field site was identified in Aug
74 and remained occupied on photo-
graphy
was identified at 31-23-
30N 118-23-47 E. It was occupied
on photography) and
SAM Site A03-21
X Site was occupied in Sep 74 and
Nov 74 for the first time since
1972. A possibly associated three-
position field training site, Wu-hu
abandoned
None
unoccupied
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Top Secret RUFF
7. During the period from 1972 until early 1974 the estimated number of SAM battalions
in China remained relatively constant (between 63 and 65). Since March 1974 this total has been
increased to approximately 71 battalions. The following inventory is an estimate based on the number
of occupied sites and the number of launchers observed at the permanent training facilities. All sites
and facilities were not observed on the same dates. An average of two battalions have been observed
at the missile test site at Shuang-cheng-tzu SAM Launch Complex since January
1972.
Training Activity
8. There are three permanent SAM training facilities in China: San-yuan SAM Training Area
Shan-tan SAM Training Area A and Shan-tan SAM Training
Area B I . The San-yuan training area is probably used for electronics and procedural
training, while live firing training is conducted at the Shan-tan training areas. Thus, training at the
Shan-tan areas probably is the last phase of training before deployment to the field.
9. The level of training activity at the three training facilities can be estimated by the number
of CSA-1 launchers and support equipment observed at the facilities (Figure 3). Usually, when a
decrease in the number of launchers at San-yuan is observed, it is followed by an observed increase
at the Shan-tan training areas. Decreases in the number of launchers at the Shan-tan areas are usually
followed by new SAM battalion deployment. Since October 1972, the San-yuan training area has
had a level of training activity that has been unusually high and of long duration. A high count
of 81 launchers was observed on photography of April 1974. Between April and October 1974,
the number of launchers had decreased by 44. At the Shan-tan training facilities a relatively low
level of activity was observed on photography between April 1972 and March 1974. Since April
1974, however, there has been an increased level of activity, apparently related to the decrease in
activity at San-yuan. By November 1974, three newly deployed SAM battalions were identified in
the Peking MR, and by June 1975 three additional battalions were identified near Wu-lu-mu-chi in
Sinkiang MR. These new battalions were identified during and immediately after the increased training
activity at Shan-tan Training Area B. Since training activity has continued at a relatively high level
particularly at San-yuan, it is likely that moderate new deployment of the CSA-1 system will continue.
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10. CSA-1 field training also appeared to have a high priority during the reporting period. An
extensive program was in progress by May 1974. Photography showed a significant number of occupied
permanent sites either nonoperational or unoccupied for the first time. At least 19 of the 60 deployed
SAM battalions probably have engaged in field training exercises between May 1974 and July 1975.
The method of accomplishing this field training varied; however, in most cases all or part of the
battalion was redeployed to a temporary field site within 5 to 15 nautical miles (nm) of the permanent
site. This training was illustrated at Shih-chia-chuang SAM Site C32-21 (Figure 4) and at its associated
field training site (Figure 5). After the training mission of the battalion was accomplished, the battalion
returned to its permanent site. Thirteen temporary field training sites were identified on photography
between May 1974 and June 1975. Nine of these temporary sites could be associated with known
permanent sites. Two of the 13 field training sites were observed at the north edge of Ta Hai (lake)
in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region on photography Two battalions
90
80
70
60
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t 40
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U
30
m
20
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were also observed training there on photography I (These units could not be associated
with known permanent sites. On the latest coverage of June and July 1975, field training exercises
appeared to be continuing. The battalions assigned to Pao-tou SAM Site A11-21 and Tang-ku SAM
Site B23-21 were probably engaged in field training. Both sites are usually occupied but were observed
to be nonoperational and unoccupied respectively on photography of June 1975. Wu-han SAM Site
B20-21, Lan-choy SAM Site G34-21 and Lan-chou SAM Site C25A-21 were nonoperational in July
1975 with only three launchers observed at each site. Field training sites for these battalions could
not be identified within the immediate vicinity of the permanent sites.
Construction Activity
11. Construction of new SAM sites and improvement of older sites continued at a moderate
pace during this reporting period. Since March 1974, three hardened permanent sites and eight
permanent sites have undergone new construction activity. Two of the hardened permanent sites
and four of the other permanent sites have been completed since March 1974. Construction of
additional permanent sites may be anticipated as China continues to upgrade the field deployed sites.
SAM Support Depots
12. There are eight SAM support depots in China including one that was newly identified during
this reporting period (Figure 1 and Table 2). Peking SAM Support and Maintenance Facility (Figure
6), 28.6 nm north of Peking, was identified on photography when two CSA-1
canister transporters and 11 probable sustainer airframes were observed. This facility was previously
targeted as Chiu-tu-ho Light Fabrication Industry.
13. A total of 160 CSA-1 missile transporters, 108 canister transporters, and ten sustainer
canisters were observed at the eight depots on the latest available photography. Tai-yuan/Shou-yang
SAM depot (Figure 7), which is the largest depot in China, had the highest count (118) of missile
transporters ever observed at one facility in China on photography The facility
is in Shansi Province and has rail access to the rest of the country.
(Continued p. 14)
Geographic
Cruise Missile Support 119-27-23E
Facility
A Maintenance Facility 116-22-40E
Depot) 115-49-40E
Latest coverage reported
Nov 74. Eleven probable
Nov 74. CSA-1 support
SAM Depot 113-09-17E
Support Facility 120-21-55E
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Top Secret
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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Top Secret RUFF
Name & BE No
Geographic
Coordinates
Pao-tou Missile &
40-41-07N
Artillery Plant 447
109-52-26E
Wu-han Missile &
30-33-40N
Motor Vehicle
114-15-40E
Assembly Plant
Han-yang
CSA-1-Related Equipment Production
Plant prob produces two types of canister
transporter trailers, with and without fin
box wells
14. Pao-tou Missile and Artillery Plant 447 is the production facility for CSA-1 missile launchers.
Since 1972, the number of missile launchers observed at the plant has been relatively constant, with
six to 12 launchers usually observed (Table 3). However, on photography from September 1973
to June 1974, no launchers were observed. Launchers were again seen at the plant on photography
of June 1974 through May 1975.
15. Wu-han Missile and Motor Vehicle Assembly Plant, Han-yang, is known to have been
producing CSA-1 canister transporter trailers as early as October 1970. During this reporting period,
as many as 18 trailers were observed there (Table 3).
25X1
)FY-1
25X1
PIR/044/74, Status of CSA-1 (SAM) Sites, China, Jul 74 (TOP SECRET RUFF--25X1:1
25X1
US Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center, Fort Belvoir Olotka, Alexander. "Developments in
Camouflage Paints and Coating," SRI-3-4901, Proceedings of the Symposium on Passive Countersurveillance, Chap.
18, p. 18-1, 3-5 Apr 73 (SECRET)
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