JOINT TRANSLATION SERVICE SUMMARY OF THE YUGOSLAV PRESS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R010400040021-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 25, 2002
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: November 13, 1951
• Content Type: SUMMARY

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/STATINTL
JOINT 1 ATION SERVICE
SUM.M. Ri't OF T +i It Y.UG0SLAV PRESS
This Bulletin contains traits
P,3.: Fascists are witnesses in the. trial at Lucca
rilYug kv newspapers and periodicals. It is intended for.thp use of
P.J. Headlines of Bo rbe of the ,13th November.
P.2. Headlines of Bo bba, continued
FROM.PORBA OF THE 1OTH;NOVEMBER
.FRC.M .':OLITIKA OF THE 10TH NOVEMBER
P.3. Developte4t of the People's L:uthcrities
BORBA OF THE 11TH NOVEMBER
P.51 "Peculiar Artieles" tHonor Tracey's reportrs
2.10
of Yu,;oslavia
Town' and District, 'People' a Committees:
I, Pros and cons of abolition of Town
c?Dsti i4,ad in the 4i atrj st.
FROM 'BORBA? 0F THE 12TH NOVEMBER,
1 a ' 4 -' lWM c., i?* . ++.rv a .may v , ? vv,r-- _ ....-...,._ - - - ,
U. Arti?f'ie?tail divisions of tpws fiom districts ?- reasons' against
P.14 Letter from Race a dubious peace action
P'.16 Slanderous. exhibition in Sofia
on her impressions
Cominit.,te'es not
FROM .,-oORBA OF THE 13r H NOVD299
P.17 Yugoslavip' signs trade agreement with 'Denmark
? yE~;t>;cac~;g~~;c ?
P.19 Agreement between FPRY and the ILO'..
P.20 CC of the CP Frane.e. "the -Fascist mobster"and peace
Difficulties in satellite Hungary
P.1$ New reduction of prices
State Dept. review completed
New Embassies in Austria
New'act of discriminstton:by Hungarian Government
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lath 1`ovembor, 1-951.
o ration of .Science and Agriculture,
Marshal Tito congratulates t1~e `dorker,9t Collective in Go.11
Marshal Tito!~s- reply to an invitation to be present at the cele
bration of the anniversary of the freeing, of Skoplje
Seventh anniversary, of the ?.freoing of., Cetinje
NEW ACT OF DIaC.L TAI `ATION BY HUNG ..RIAN. G;QVEiNPENT
general debate
NEW REDUCTION OF ''RICE$
Yestorday in the General Assembly; many delegates speak in. the.
F.2. Help :from International Children ? s. ;:und f, ? 9ur. he
AGREEMENT 3ETWEEN THE FT Y 4 SD THE ILO
F16.od in Istria causes great damage'.
Viktor Car Em3n'; - ri s ve d eds"'
d'Annuzio:
P3 ? CURRENT QUESTIONS, GONQERNING THE RE'OkG -NISATIOI3 .&F. LOCAL .
Al,VTHORITIES-;(Thrird 'article in tPio s rZe$ by.Va,si:l.j?e Kralj vie
end Aleksandar Mancic.) t ~: .:,?.:.:. :~=
Final obstacle on ;the railway: Rzubxc ray..thetu.nnels. at
{ Trome' dj 'a'nI Leskova Vo w Sy ` e 'fini:shed, (2irti cle by J. -esie)
i + .a. ~
"Useless wealth' (article ont'co 1 pro'duct'io ,5p, M l tin
P.4 NE!;T EM 3j'L. IE3 IN i,.U?TRI
End of congress of Jocielist.ex- ~o'rts.' in 'sr'
-
Austria today:
mainta fining her., find pry .(i title .:by globodan
Gluma c) ?
UN. ssembly: Yugoslav request to con,~i ci.zr ho.st le . a ct:iyl t, c .s of
SO-Viet and ~sat.el.lit.e countries is a;o rove'd', pa.ris )
Nia1ayZ ~- the land of rubber: the strat4 i importance of
Sin;pore -,'the town of Bongs".-I the feaeiatipn of , P flay St tes'-
war and "controlled territoryty;""(rlrt'icle..by.V.,it )'
P.5; C'G ?OF THE .TRENCH C~' '- ' T E ?liaCI,ST Mf.'N;3
IN SATELLITE HUM xi':
DIFFICULTIES
Churohi11 to 'dt Truman:; ( Reuter, Lc
:Churchill on, the possibility of a meetin with Truman and
Sti1in,(Router) London)
Y,C
Qr1 ~naii ~r in Paris (Undesi nta?ted new report from Bonn)
Ele,ction,s in Argentina (Undesignated news-report rroiT
lth programme
ih the ntmoephote... of "'
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P. 5. j%.n ;lo-Egyptian dispute
Three incidents in the Suez zone (Router t Cairo)
Egyptian agency report on the incident. Undesi--,nated news
report from Cairo)
Statement by Commandant of the British forces (Reuter,.tayid)
IyWorld war"against.14he'British (,PP, Cairo)
Statement by Egyptian.Ambassedor in the United States
(UP, Washington)
Anglo-Iranian .disputet Britain is expected to enter into
negotiations. (UP, Washin,ton)
Opposition to Mossadeq (UP, Teheran)
Tudeh invited to 'strike (Li idesignated news report from Teheran)
Syrian Government crisis (,LFP j Damascus)
Result of Zagreb eace Assembly, - congratulations on initiative
*
Letter from India! Delhi and 3,.auth East r.sia (article by
P.Rafa. i"iric)
P.b, Maurice Jelmatin,, Swiss writex and representat.iuz mf_, hIESCO,
in Belgrade
*
Railway disaster at Mo jstrana - (1 killed 3 injured)
*
Stop press;
Plan to c ntrol the teel industry to private control in
Britain (UP, London
'Council of the FAD starts work (Undesi gnated news rc:}-)ort
from-Rome)
Greek people's representatives take the oath tB:=iztzr. Lthansl-"
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FASCISTS ARE WITNESSES IN THE TRIAL AT LUCCA
(Rome, November 9, 1951)
The trial of 52 former Italian partisans and members of the
"Natisone" Division is being eo.ntinucd 'Under special circumstan-
ces. The well known Fascist cohamanders and G,rma,n collaborators
who fought as members of army formations irganizcd following the
capitulation of Italy appeared aa.witnesee.s before the Court such
as the Prince Gulio Bor hese who after the war was charged with
collaboration with the tier. mans.. The defendants Gar y. ' dini
protested against the hearing of this well known fasc:~st demand-
ing that he should leave the Court. But, apart from him, other
members of former fascist army.formetions were also asked to
give evidence before the Crsurt. (Tanjug)
;BORBA, November 10, 1951)
DE JEILcl MENT ?OF THE PEOPLE I S AUTHa1T1T
Another draft proposal for a now organization Af the town
people's committee of Belgrade.was recently worked:out by the
Commission of Experts in the Council for Legislation and the Build-
ing-up of the People's Auth&rity of the Government of the FPRY
in collaboration with the Executive Committee of the People's
Comm 1ttee of Belgrade.
According to this new administrative-territorial division,
the People's Committee of Belgrade would administer the territory
of seven wards which new exist but should be dissolved in future,
Tr.e People'e Committee of the Seventh Ward would become the People's
Committee of Zemun, but would retain the same authority with regard
to the P..:ople's Committee of Belgrade. The Nineth Ward (New Bel-
grade) would no longer exist as a separate ward, becoming a part
of the territory governed by the People's Committee f Zemun.
The problem of people's committees of the suburbs pf Belgrade
represents a separate question, as well as the area called Pancevac-
ki RR.t (Pancevo Marshes), now organized as the People's Committee
of the Tenth Wa::.rd. It was proposed that the People's C:'mmittees
of Rakovica, Zeleznik and Zarkovo should be turned into municipal
people's committees'Ltii.fhin the People's Committee .)f :3elgrade,
The competence and organization of those mur?.icipal people's commit-
tees could, according to the Commission's stand, be defined by a
Statute of the Town P--ople'e Committee provided that an approval is
obtained beforehand from the Praesidium of/the People'e Assembly of
PR Serbia. The People's Committee of B.zanija should also be annexed
to the district of Zemun. As regards the Pancevo Marshes it is
maintained that municipal people committees should be established
at Krnjaca, Ovca, Borca and Pt.dinska Skela. In case that one would
decide to establish a District People's, Committee of the Pancevo
Marshes then it would be the question whether thib might bear?,:ja
negative effect upon the situation on the Belgrade market.
In future the People's Committee would comprise councils deal-
&ng..with: trade, public affairs, local economy, education and cul-
ture national health, social welfare and labour relations, finan-
ce, housing and internal. af fairs,
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Instead erf ward committees, offices dealing with public affairs,
social welfare, registration and financial a_ffE:irs should be
opened. Aeart from these offices, there would a general admini.--
station. L-.gal administrative affairs, which have so far been
under the competence of the ward committees, would be handed over
to the Council of the . Town Pc. pple t rs Committee. C: rtain citizens i
councils such as the Trusteeship: Council would also function as
advisory bodies within these affioes. As regards the.social
welfare matters, applioatiohs?should be submitted to these offices
which would also have. to collect necessary information and carry
out investigations, while decisions'should be taken by the Council
of the People's Committee, For this purpose sp?:ciel committees
of citizens would also be established to deal with various questions.
(Tangy ug )
{PQLITIKA, November 10, 1951)
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PECULIAR ARTICLES
Honor.Tracer's reports on her impressions of Yugoslavia broadcast
by th v T?'
All the world is interested in Yugoslavia. A great deal about
her is published in newspapers everywhere and broadcast all over
.the world. Our people follow with interest what is written about
them. With some of it they agree, with some of it they disagree.
That is natural, since the things vary. Often there is the usual
noncomprehension of the way in which we are moving.towards socialism,
of our general demncratic development, but the desire exists to
?reveal the truth about Yugoslavia.
Nobody in Yugoslavia wants things to. be made out to be better
than they are. We want a truthful and objective picture of our
successes and difficulties to be given to neonle abroad. But there
is a pertain type of newspaper article -or broadcast which obviously
does not seek to be truthful or objective. On the contrary, it is
clear that fo cc Ua.,. ? 7,! .';fists a journey in Yugoslavia serves
only as an excuse for writing those things about Yugoslavia which
they had imagined and written already before they ever crossed the
frontier, before they so much as set eyes on the country. The
broadcasts of Mrs. Honor Tracey are of this kind. (The first one
was broadcast over the BBC on the 27th and reneated the 30th of
October; the second, on the 3rd and repeated the 6th of November.)
And various western newspapers have had articles in a similar
strain recently.
It is quite symptomatic and characteristic that this small
autumnal rash of anti-Yugoslav news items and articles should
suddenly break out in certain western newspapers and in certain
broadcasts just before the UN Assembly in Paris. The.coincidence
is so striking that it cannot possibly be taken to be accidental.
Everyone knows that the Yugoslav people expect to get support and
assistance from this session of the UN because of the armed troops
in Eastern Europe and the undisguised threats from Moscow.
Our people know well that in preserving peace on their own
borders they are preserving itin the danger snots of Eurone. And
therefore it'is justly that they turn to the UN for help in their
peace- loving poliy and in their struggles to maintain their
independence.
In distorting the truth about Yugoslavia, some feature-writers
are so skilful that Moscow and the satellite press quote them word
for word with great gratitude. For example, in a broadcast on the
23rd of August, Radio Moscow quoted an article by the Belgrade
correspondent of the New York Times and the New York Herald Tribune
on Yugoslav village life and "strikes" among the peasants. On
the 3rd of Novemboi?, Radio Budapest transmitted an account from
the New York Her7.c Tribune on the "failure' of the Zagreb Peace
A ssembl.y, The official' newspaper of the CC of the Bulgarian
Socialist Party, h ootincesko Delo, in its issue of the 4th of
October. quoted from "'_E IAew oar c Herald Tribune and on the 24th
of October from the New York Times. _Pace nine of the issue of
the New Times of the 29th of August carried quotations from an
article 1'_n_ e New Fork Times, and Skantea, the official nublice-
tion of the CC of he .k cigar an Wor emirs' 'arty, quoted an article
from the New York Herald Tribune in its edition of the 29th of
August. And so on,.
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Certain Belgrade cor?resbotdents of well-known western news--
napers could epsily be drawing nay from. Radio Moscow and the
satellite ,press for the support which they are giving the .anti..
Yugoslav camesign. During the period of treoaretion prior to the
Assembly of.the UN, there was a'curious but quite unmit~5kahle
cooperation between the writings of pertain newsnaoermen in the
western press and the lnformburo anti-Yugoslav z~2~onar~^f~ds.
The-American radio-commentator, Henry Taylor, made a broad
cast about Yugoslavia on the 13th of August, The following day
his talk was reproduced exactly in the newspaper Compass, which
is regarded in the States as being almost an Infoburo paper.
.This same article has now been published in the Reader's Di est
in November. There is nothing new in it, except that we can now
read in English Moscow's old slanders, and thus the field of Soviet
propaganda is broadened.
They know well how to change i hat they have seen and. to write
about what they have not seen (and could not have seen because.the
things are,simply the usual. Soviet imaginary thrusts) and to cony
from the Soviet texts.
"Quite the contrary to what we are told at home, I have seen
no signs that Russia is building io the strength of her satellites
for an attack.on Yugoslavia, an, attack which. would involve the
whole world in war. Even.the Yugoslav commissars themselves do not
think this., in spite of.Tito's propaganda.."
Thus writes a. man who "'travelled a thousand miles by oar across
the Yugoslav politioally Communist state" at the same time as our
country was oppressed by the murder of our frontier-guards on the
Yugoslav-Bulgerian border, the forcible. deportation.- of our neonle
living along the Rumanian border and the daily exposure of our
peaceful villages to machine-gun fire.
He also reported that. our army ores "only a guerilla force" and
"armed with only a few shotguns". and "as soon as !anything went -ronc~
and I saw that this often happened--there were no snare ?arts." To
him Yugoslav. nilitary 'commissars described the things they r-Pnted
and how they wanted them. He discovered. that the nntorprlSe:
"Litostro" had been producing two types of turbine for five years
and that they were "forty times more expensive than. in France or
the US and the factory will-soon be closing down.. .'the. same thing
is happening to factories making watches, optical instruments,
textiles and so on." .
Mr, Taylor also saw' in Yugoslav-,shops "apart from foodstuffs
and textiles, occasionally articles of Yugoslav manufacture such
as disinfectant sprays, matches, hairnets, scrubbing brushes and
poor.-quality household equipment" (Perhaps he was thinking of the
Celje household equipment which can be found in luxurious London
shops.): In his article he said he was astounded to find that there
a:re no petrol stations on the Autonut, but he was not surprised to
find. that the construction of the Autoput had been almost finished
by Yugoslav young people during the nest year.or that Yugoslavia
has three up-to-date oil-refineries. Those things he neither saw
nor wondered at. It is quite clear why he did not. It is quite
.plain why he was angry with those of his fellow countrymen who
reported the opposite when they returned hcpme from Yugoslavia.
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How we, appear, in the eyes of Mrs. Tracey
Lack of space does not allow us( although it would
be useful) to cite a greater part of her report.simply in order
that our readers should see what means are resorting t'o those men
who,to put it most.mildly,do not care much about the friendship
between the British and Yugoblev peoples. She herself says that
in her report she is dealing with the "rosy reports given by some
of the travellers returning from Yugoslavia".
At the beginning of her report she says that "she has learnt
from local talk that the Yugoslavs are a race of monsters and
cannibals". This is how she describes her arrival in Zagreb and the
people of Zagreb:
"The 'first ' important railway station on the line to Belgrade
is Zagreb. When"we.entered in the station, a wild army of men rushed
towards,th.e.,train and fought like animals with an effort to board it.
People in..rags slept in the station. Dragging my suit ca se 'towards the
hotel,I stepj d.-irito a pool of cold water.up to my ankles. In the
hotel,. ,an official who. had not 'shav,.d for days led me to my room;
This man opened the door of my room and switched on the, light..... 9fete,
One can conclude from her report that the "broken link" of
which she speaks is now partly in London'in the persons of the
royaliet emigrants and partly in the persons of var,,ous spies in
Yugoslavia,,-. because' - she writes with particular sympathies -e.bout' a
corta iri lady "who was arrested on the day of her wedding: becnuse
of espionage work".
She' says that our'.men heard from the western press about the
"liberalization of their country",while. there is"no trace ' of: that
in Yugoslavia. According to this credible eye;witnes:s,,there is a
rcign,,of terror' in Yugoslavia. when she speaks about that.; lady who
"was arrested on the day, of 'her wedding"because of her espionage,worktt,
she strongly attac'ks'those of her countrymen who had, ,ben 'to Yugoslavia
a'nd spoken truth about it,and also tries her ba'ckwbrQ,aking1 best to
silence them and as fa r as she' can.,to reduce the' fri~e:ndly feeling of
the British.people towards the new Yugo s:lavia;.
The Yugoslav',peo:ples' have never put ,up with the occup-Ption.,.of
their country'y.and`their entire history is full of glorious struggles
against various invaders? This fact is known world'o,ver,.and I. thing.
that I need not enlarge ;upon it. But this reporter who possesses 'a'
great power of -.line gina ti on.: has convinced ! nr?se,.lt that the foreigners
feel themselves ~~. in Yugoslavia -like occupiers.
'Those who have ever participated ,in `the !occupy tion of a
conquered country Will feel at home....The reason for this is the
country's need for foreign exchange and , the.governmc;nt's need to'
hide a lot of things, and to show a pleasant ;face to the, outside world,
while the people as a `whole are cooperating partly"for the ?.reasori that
the peasants have a' `humble, conception that all 'the'' foreigners are'
some kind of .a nobility".
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It is only the pretenders to occupation of Yugoslavia,the
men from the E"ast,who can applaud this kind of fabrications- and
insults while, our peoples reject them with indignation and. at the
same time regret the fact that such primitive and belittling stories
are 'being served to ?the friendly English people who' had shown
` friendship towards us . in , the`..-.cG ys of the common' strugp le against
fascism and who are.:gain'.today showing friendship in the struggle
fdr the preservation of world' peace.
The entire report is composed of such and similsr' f?zbrieations
end insults addressed to the new Yugoslavia. And in order that the
report 'should be more. interesting(o nd perhaps more -convin'cing),the
writer a.lwys found herself in some strange circumstances all. the
way from Maribor to Skoplje(between 1?11nribor and Zidnni liost., a
policeman moved her.four times from one wagon to another;on the way
an unknown passenger kept on whispering to her'S9Donlt believe anything
they tell you" she went to Bled in a wagon which had no door and she
nearly fell out; at Bled she witnessed a "cheery but'resolute rabble
take the most luxurious hotel where ;nen ate roast chicken'with'their
fingers and yelled for beer to.be brought-to them,while diplomats
grumblingly withdrew to their apartments", and so on
Always some strange circumstance like in Munhausen'.The only
thing is that in Munhausen the'jolly baron created laughter by his
fabrications, while Nirs.Tracey is full of ill-intentional wrath and
bitterness.
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Fabricated. Strikes and Concealing the Dangers from the East.
The Cominform press and -propaganda'have been reporting on
strikes in .Yugoslavia 'or quite ,,a Iong time. For the past two
months the correspondents of the New York'Times ' ?? New York Herald
Tribune (and even the,Christian'Science on tors have discovered
similar strikes. They do not agree as to w ere?the strikes are
taking place, but they do agree. in their evident ?desires? to.. see
the strikes materialize. There is no need'to announce that this
type of news and article about Yugoslavia is welcomed by the
Cominform propaganda.. It.makes great. use of this and emphasizes
that these 'articles 'were written by men living in Belgrade, actual
witnesses. Besides the above-mentioned exam-plea cqf jumbling-of
facts.and . borrowing news from. Cominform papers from the West, we
can cite many more.
All of these articles (even in some papers such as Neue
Zurisehe Zeltung of October. 23 and in the ' London. -Economist of
October 20 are concealing the serious dangers on the :eastern
boundaries of Yugoslavia and are attacking the policy of our,
defense-strengthening,-namely the ere.ctaot of heavy industry,
which is the guaranty of our defense power;`:and - they are in
favor of the backward simpler-peasant Yugoslavia, a Yugoslavia
..:which is-ideal for exploitation and plundering. It is true that
there is a difference in the articles as far as tone and argumen-
tation, but in essence they are the same. They speak very broadly
about the economic difficulties in Yugoslavia but conceal the
great amounts expended for the army and related industry (with the
exception of the Economist) and the dangerous ?appenings on the
eastern borders o?-Yugoslavia.
Other more developed but less agitated countries than ours
have trouble with various economic difficulties (price increases,
shortage of goods and housing, foreign trade deficit and not to
mention unemployment). This is more explicitly attested by the
reports of the politicians and. statesmen in western countries.
They explain them by the increased expenses for rearmament and
defense. No one in Yugoslavia thought of making speculative
-political fact, from these economic difficulties.
With gigantic efforts, Yugoslavia is building socialism and
seriously preparing to defend her independence and freedom. Her
temporary difficulties are of a different character, and no one
is trying to conceal them. It would be naive and strange to think
that the great task of building socialism in Yugoslavia would be
achieved without any difficulties. This is very clear to our
people. But whenever Yugoslavia is mentioned - by some stran p-e
logic -- some newsmen forget that difficulties are unavoidable,
and some individuals can hardly wait for them, in the same sense
that a 'cold person looks to the sun. In case th(.rrare not a
sufficient number of difficulties - we think there are too many
of them - then the newsmen fabricate them. More about this later.
Signed "R. Vujovic"
(BORBA ~ 11th November, 1951)
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- 10 -
TO!'rn1 ND DISTRICT ;PEOPLE'S CO i N-ITT`;T41S
T. ?ROS AND CONS OF . 30LITIOiT CTR Ta"N COKv'l ,,mr. ,C?1T TtI'I'I)r' ~7~ I~ T #?~T,,
DISTRICT.. "p4
It is not by chance that the question of intop:rating the town
people's cos ittee.: within the constitution of the district `or the question of
the abolition of all town people's corr littees not constituted, in the c_istiiet
(except in the case of bi_ tos,,ns) evoked various and bitter discussions
throughout the period vhen the forthcomin reorganisation of the local bodies
of the people's authorities beinr- considered.
In its very first reports. for the discussion on the fox'thcorz-
tng reorganisation of the local bodies, the Council for Legislation and the
Building Up of the People's _'_uthority of the Governrlent of the ?+':=''?s~', emphasised
the principle of abolition,. teen people's coy-v tems not constituted in the
district, except in the case of the principal cities of republics and other
large toy ns. This :point, perhaps more than any other in the above-=ientioncd
reports, called forth most frequently difforont reactions at numerous : cetii "s
and conferences in cities and to, :ins. It appeared on the' whole that the repre-
sentatives of s :caller teens, e'hich vci'e constituted in the district or had
just recently become distinct from it, resolutely opposed this principlecar_1ec'
In contrast to this, thb representatives of districts overtivhel-.lin, fly
this suggestion. Lnd it can be said that both sides vero justified in -::hat
they did, and both sides spoke from personal experience, so, although their
attitudes yore different, both sides t.vvere nevertheless in the right.
The majority of small teems constituted in districts hove had
rather unfortunate experiences in relation to the loading role e played bytheUOh
district, that is to say the~district cpeo;;ple e comittec,at a eorferity ofn
towns are no.-lected (this t ,.as, for instance, pointed C
Zagrob by representatives of the towns of Kostajnica, S;_. obor, 'etrinja, Krap-
ina and others, and also by the representatives of many smaller tomns in
Serbia and in other republics, etc.). Very seldor-t or b rd1y ever did the dis-
trict people's coi Suttee, `'liioh on the ;hole controlled 'r_aterial resources for
the development of its territory (the incomes of loco enterprises and .others) ,
devote any attention to the coumunc,l construction of those tovPs or to a - suf-
ficient extent enable them thomsolves at any rate to secure, by the creation of
their, ov;n resources, the necessary means for, their o's n co Y? ~nal constructionc'e-
quirements. This the mutual attitude bet:"een a Y dist coriiittees and the to-.,gin committees constituted ,,ithin the. Hence the latter
?t their only salvation in these circumstances in their sep~.a.ration fro --a the
constitution of the district, ~':l.thouh not. even this vas the only solution
for their "salvation".
Ls has been said above, In contrast to this the representatives
of district people's committees on the ehole accepted the idea. of the inclusion
of "all toti.'ns, except the biggest, within the constitution of the district.
They did this for understandable reasons and advised it on the basis of their
ma
entire experience to date. In f:ct the r Jn'ri-tY o~et~nvisiblerl~uc fro;.-dis-
tricts -were ,separated from ' them more or less by s
less fairly solid vall v-hich 1 ,d been set up on no one's orders or decisions,
but which had, in fact, been erected by the entire range of previous practice.
Therefore the district to. a good extent was ;.n economic-political ::'hole in it-
todistrict n did thcnsahe solved its
self, and the ,,-,:nothc::r in ithile9 the
ou tcrri-
n problems as best it could,
tonal limits.
District and to, n each brought out these, reasons and ar~,uments
at corm .unal meetings and discussions of representatives of tovm and district
people's cor_vnittees as veil as at meetings in republican centres and regibns.
It became evident, ho-Never, that the existing ate:-te of Off ins l ,e come,
in other -.cords that it vans yi,yronY that ,the Sir jority of district people's in-
mitt off Fpr .qj@gset the Pl ld ~3- separated O ~ U ~j Con to
itiative, and
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the district form a separate entity on their .orm. `!hanks to a very lively and
factual discussion, as well as to the real desire and interest of representa-
tives of a large number of higher and lower bodies of the people's authority
for the correct solution of this problem, a possible solution to this extraor-
dinarily important question based on correct principle, has gradually been ar-
rived-at. In point of fact, the idea of the inclusion of all towns within the
constitution of. the district has not been rejected. It has not been rejected
for the simple reason that, after all-round and attentive consideration, it
was necessarily realised that it was impossible to have any artificial division
between towns and districts by moans of creating individual, mutually inde-
pendent bodies of state authority such as this. In order in future to pre-
vent towns constituted within the district from being "step-children", they
would in certain branches of administration have to have well-defined and ex-
tensive rights, self-overnment and greater, independence - prim rily in com-
munal construction, etc.
This conclusion was reached after long discussions in Zajecar,
for instance. In discussing this, the representatives of the people's author-
ities in to-,,n and district kept -to two fundamental questions - the economic
basis of town and district and increased political, cultural and health acti-
vity in the villages. It was then reckoned that Zajeoar should be the economic
centre of the whole district and not merely a town on.its own. Inter alia the
state of affairs concerning the market w:-,:as instanced. In other wordsP the
market place in the town has not always had enough, agricultural produce, be-
cause the working co-operatives did not play a suffoiently active part,
A part,: of the produce was exported from the district ae a result of which
prices were different in district and town. By joining the tosrm' and the dis-
trict in one economic whole - as envisaged in Za. jeoar m- the market vAll be-
come more accessible to the co-operative, and hence a greater reduction in the
price of agricultural products will be attained.- Then, the problem of man-
power, should it arise in any of the enterprises in the.towm, could more
easily be dealt with, etc., etc. On the other hand, the district will bene-
fit far more by the direct participation of politico.l cultural and health
workers in the solution of its problems. a guarantee that no neglect of
the town would result, the representatives of the torn people's comittee
pointed out that the town vould have to be `g .ven a certain independence in the
solution of its specific problems, e.g. in coniunal and housing policy, etc.
They were of-the opinion that this could eventually be achieved through an
independent budget for communal questions j a. budget which would be at the dis-
posal of the town committee and which would be spent exclusively on the layout
of the town and investment within it.
This was a point of vie,v which ~,wrould necessarily bring closer
the general solution which in the given circu_istancesand at the present de-
gree of our development and construction of socialism,' seemed to be ri ht.
The majority of towns which have heretofore been outside the constitution of
the district, would now in specified circumstances, have to become a part of
"the constitution of the district",, but the others will be turned into muni-
cipalities which are constituted within the district but retain full self-
government. Only exceptionally were the biggest towns excluded from that con-
stitution, ? Those are those towns around which, as powerful political, economic
and cultural centres the whole region and territory gravitate..
Obviously this is an assimption in principle on the future re-
lationship between the people's authorities in town and distract. It does not
elucidate the more concrete details of that relationship. This will be achiev-
ed by the passing of a laic and by the passing of statutes of the people's
oof tAttees themselves, :which will be corrmnicated with specific particulars -
political, cultural, economic, social-health and other -? to each and every
town and district. ..Then it will be possible to define more precisely in which
matters the town'cor_ ittee should have ;rare independenceand be in direct con-
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tact with the republican government, etc. But this does-not exclude the possibility
of pointing out certain points important for the undetstr.nding of the necessity of.
this sort of solution and, in general, certain questions in connection with this.
("--Ed.) V.^_gili je Kraljevic
._.1eksandar oncio.
DOYII. 11th November 1951. Page 2)
T07N 'TTD DISTRICT PMPLE'S CONi~rITr"IRS
II. IN OPPOSITIOPI TO TIFICI_: L DIVISION O' TO` TT PROM DISTRICT.
It has not infrequently heretofore been pointed out that all these new
measures, for the implementation of which we have long been prepari.ng, like the new
planning and financial systei-Z , and in cor_1_:on v:-ith this also the forthcor:iin;, reornis--
a.tion of the people's comAttees, have far greater i:.portancc than at first glance
aPpea~'s, They are far from being; merely roorganisational without any fundamental
changes which will greatly affect our entire devolo nt tending to the further es-
tablishrient of truly socialist relations in society.
Hence this question of the relations of the authorities in town and
district is in the long run governed by the entire new role which the local bodies of
the people's authority now have, especially as retards their nee=,r relationship to
economy. Only after the Implementation of all these now or,-anisatienal measures
will the path of further development for our villa: es and towns be more clearly laid
am m as regards the local bodies of the people's authority, and only then will the
contours of com:unal society be more clearly visible. The strengthening of the role
of the plenum and the abolition of representative boards intensifies the really
representative character of the local bodies of authority, This deals a fc>rrdable
blow at the bureaucratisation of these bodies, at the concentration of authority In
the hands of a few members of. the executive corr_.ittee, etc. Even heretofore the
entire system of our people's authorities ensured the constant prrticipntion of the
Vorkin - masses in the work and the control of their chosen representatives in the
bodies of authority. further contribution to this will be made by the creation of
councils vihich will consist of citizens themselves besides elected representatives,
besides a rood r-nny others heretofore practised in trustworthy institutions (such as
voters' asvenblies, etc*).
But the new role of the people's corvAttees as repa.rds Qoonomy and
economic enterprises under their jurisdiction, especially creates new points in the
entire future life and development of our towns and districts. In other words, for
the very reason that the majority of our enterprises were forr_Zerly directly under the
control of the republican and federal authorities, and also because of the whole
ranee of administrative-operative Dana -eracnt in economic enterprises heretofore, the
local bodies of the .people's authority were not concerned with the workin - of the
enterprises under their jurisdiction. But by the chant-e in their role, it ceases to
be a matter of indifference to the members of the working collective of those enter-
prises how much their enterprise will contribute to the needs of their respective
town, their communal and housing construction, etc. The working- class, the workers
themselves.. -v,:will to a greater extent than heretofore ,anticipate in the Nvork of the
people's co.mittecs, for the very, reason that those vital questions relating-, to their
civic communal society will have to be solved with their assistance. To a far
greater extent than previously will the leading role of the direct producers, who
manage their enterprises and who are now called upon to participate more actively in
the control and work of the local bodies of their authorities, be felt. Obviously,
such a town cannot be separated from the district, cannot be wrapped up initself -
like a cocoon. This is impossible not only because it ,-could cut into the L~ al
economic unity of the district and its centre, but also because it would at the sane
time endanger the leading- role of the working class in the process of our socialist
reconstruction. Here at the same time are rooted fears of the t,.-)vans' becoming
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"peasant-ified". _"actual danger of this .ri_,-ht arise should the town itself cease
to fi?ht ap.ains.t such tendencies, should it lode interest in questi ns relating to
the activities of its authorities responsible for the improvement of town.?ncd: dis-
trict, in other- words the district people's corw.iittee, should it acrain, in, fact,
allow - as has frequently h^ppened beore - the district to deal with questions of
"authority", and tie town with, problems of production, culture and social and
health problems. (This, of course,.. was not the case everywhere, but both in ten-
dency and practice it was f-,irly s,w,idespread.) The setting- up of tow cor -.ittees
within the framework of the district, the stren~-thenin;- of the political role of
the working class in working-,.,.,ith and assisting the authorities, the development of
the tendency of town and district to develop as a sin rle community, all this will
contribute greatly to the elimination of such tendencies and any such former
practice.
(S;d.) Vasili je Kraljevic
`leksandar 3,iancic,
( i0RT3., 12th November,. ?1951, Pa-.e
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A DUBInTTS PEACE ACTION
Some twenty deputies and senators mostly liberals and
social-democrats, joined by some christian-.democrats, launched
-.in the Italian Parliament. a problemeti.cal peace campaign and,.
formed a committee'"for.,preservation.of peace". At the the
head, of this group ate deputies Giati, social-democrat, Giuseppe
Nitti, liberal and Donati, independent, who several-times handed
to the Parliament similar. resolutions. Their resolution "on
international co=operation and slackening Qf world's tension",
1submitted.after DeGasperi's speech in Parliament following his
return firm USA, was rejected by the Parliament.. Some twenty
.days later, when nothing was known-about their new action,
Cominform organ Faese Sera with sounding words announcedtthat
."the most important- ar iamentary initiative against war and
preservation of peace" began. Among some twenty deputies and
senators, who signed a skillfully composed? appesli there was
not a single deputy of the Italian Communist Party, nor Neni.
Paese Sera , the only paper which announced this,obviously
pushed too far, so that at the very beginning the fingers of the
real originator of this action were disclosed.
The reaction of political parties and groups to which
these deputies and senators belong, has been fairly sharp. At
the meeting of the Christian-Democrat party, the political
Secretary Gonela'described this action as a manoeuvre of OP
Italy and Moscow, who succeeded in misleading some deputies.
He especially attacked the former editor of the Christian-
Democrat organ I1 Popolo, the deputy Igini Giordani as a striet
follower and assistant of all actionsof CP Italy. The result
of this meeting was that three Christian-Democrat deputies
relinquished to support further the newly founded "Parliamentary
Committee for the Defence of Peace". The secretary of the.
Social-Democrat Party Saragat, called the deputies belonging
to his party, about whom we spoke in connection with this action,
!men who act on account of Moscow and against the interests of
international co-operation and peace". The dissatisfaction of
the Social-Democrat leadership especially increased towards
Giavi, who up till now has been several times at the head of
similar actions of CP Italy.
The most important item of the programme of the
Parliamentary campaign for peace -- "supporting the initiative
for peace irrespective from where it,comes -- disclosed the
real meaning of this action of false peace-makers, While the
Cominform press rang with the praises of new initiative "for
peace", the official movers of this action have not only
supported'but have not mentioned with a single word the
international assembly for peace which was at that time held
in Zagreb.
Avanti and other Cominform papers along with neo-
Fascists attacked the Italian delegation for attending the
assembly in Zagreb. Avanti has "on behalf of Republicans
from Venetia Julia, protested against the departure of the
Republican senator farmer Prime Minister Pari, to Zagreb.
The disguised originators of this parliamentary action for
the defence of peace have alone showed' . themselves in true
colours to the wide public, so that the Italian press had to
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.dead, with this matter. The Roman daily paper Momento mentioning
various peace campaigns of Cominformists writes that the "whole. ,
organization which they already created 'for the defence of
peace' completely depends on the Soviet Ministry of Foreign
Affairs".
Beside endeavours of the Italian Cominformists to misguide
the Italian pubj i c by various. hypocriti-cal , campaigns and manifests;
the truth on th.e.,right roads of struggle for peace makes its way,
The Italian' delegation at the Peace:, Assembly in Zagreb got
sound impressions about.a country in which delegates from four
continents exchanged ,freely their. views about the need-of
workable international. co-operation, through deeds,,forpreservation
of genuine peace,,..
BORBA, 12 November 1951
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SLIANJIJR.OUS E: