(UNTITLED)
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
K
Document Page Count:
67
Document Creation Date:
December 15, 2016
Document Release Date:
December 19, 2003
Sequence Number:
11
Case Number:
Publication Date:
January 1, 1950
Content Type:
MISC
File:
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
![]() | 5.45 MB |
Body:
Approved Fbr.Rele`ase 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R00810050001.4,9
B O E H H O E H 3 ,R A T E JI b C T B O
MHHHCTEPCTBA BOOPY)I(EHHbIX CHJI CCCP
1950
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457ROO8100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
3a xaiuy Coeemenylo Poauyf
FJIABHOE BOEHHO-MEAHL[IIHGKOE YH,PABJIEHHE BOOPY)KEHHbIX CFIJI
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reaepaJi-JIeHTenaJT MeA. CJIy)K6b1, aKaACMIfP E. H. H a B JI o B C K H H-I I exoro-
PbIC BOnpOCbl pa3BHTHIJ COBCTCKOcI 6110JIorrm i H IIX 3IIaaennc AJI37 McAHL1,HHb] . 11
Hpo eccop 0. II. M o JI T a II 0 B a - HOBpBMa3 xaJnopHMeTpHB, Kax MCTOA onpC-
ACJICHHn 3ueprcTH,IecKHx TpaT opraIH3Ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
HOABOJIKOBIIHK MeA. CJIy}K6hl, AOKTO) MCA. IIayK A. B. C M O JI b H B II H K O B --
MexaIIH3M OrnCCTpeJIbIIoro panrIIHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Ma9op MCA. CJIyxK6bI K. A. B e JI H K O B - 0 naCCorelIe3e H JICgCIIHH (TOJ16naKa . . 28
HOAHOJIKOBIIHK MCA. CJIy)K6bI H. H. JI a 3 y p e II K 0, HOABOJIKOBHHK MCA. CJIy%6bl
F. B. C y x a p c B, CT. JIC11TeIIaIIT MCA. cJIy)K6b1 E. A. , y n a e B C K H h --
0 TOKCII0ICCKOM ACI1CTBHII MCAy3 113 IICJIOBCKa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
HOJIKOBBHK MCA. CJIy)K6bI H. (1). (1) H JI a T 0 B - ,Betienae IICHB9HJIJIIIIIOM PIKTepO-
rCMOpparHYeCKOrO JICnTOCnHpo3a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
KaIIAHAaT MCA. HayK B. C. B C P H III T C 73 II, KaIIAHAaT MCA. BBYK F. M. K I C ii-
II C p - K KJIHIIHKC H TCpafHH 0OCTTpaBMaTHOOCCKHX BIICBMOBHII . . . . . . . 41
HoAno.nKOBBHK MCA. cJIy)K6LI H. 0. TI Io 6 H ii, MaSop MeA. CJIYM6b3 B. (1). C H A 0-
p e B K 0 - K BOBpOCy 0 JICOICIIHQ'I IKTIJIIOMI]KO3a JICrKHX ']1CIIHLU1,IJIJIIIIIOM . . . 48
KaIIHTaH MCA. CJIyxKH311H HaceJleHni. COBCTCKaFI CTpaHa
He 3H'aeT HiHMe'rbI H 6e3pa6OTHL(b1 Macc. PcaJILHa5I 3apa6'OTHaF nJlaTa n n0-
Kyna"reJibHaSl CIIOCO6HOCTb HaCeJIellHH B P03yJILTaT'e nocJleiROBaTeJIbHor0
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tIeCKH 11OBbInIaIOTC51. UAHO'BpeMeII io c 9T'HM no ncei CTpaHe pa3BCPHYJIOCb
OPPOMHOe >KHJIHInHoe cTpOHTCJIb'CTBO, 06'beM KO'TOpOrO B 1949 roay no cpaB
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BOAHTC51 pa6'orbl no 611aroyCTpORCTBy rOpOAOB H pa'60TITIX IIOCeJIKOB, no CTpOH-
TeJILCTBy BOAOHpOBOAOB, KaHa.in3aIZ TH, 6bIT0BbIX yTipe>KAeHIIII, ra3H(JHKau,HHa
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wabi Ha npOCBeLTjeHne COCTaB,JZSIIOT 60,8 MHJIJIHapAa py6JIeLi.
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oxpaileHne. TaK, B 1949 roAy Ha Pa3BHTHe COBC'TCKOrO 3Apa.BOOXpaHeHHH
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py6Jieff.
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B 60JIbHHgax H pOAHJIbHbIX AoMax. T1HiCJIeIIHOCTb BpaTTeiI B 1949 roay no
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2*
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23: CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Releas 2004/02/23 tf.C31 DP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-06457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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4 K p o JI b M. B. HeBponaTOJIor.HHecKHe CHHApoMbi. XapbKOB, 1933 F.
"Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
[i0 HHCb;4A B PEAAMM10
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Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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Approved, For Release, 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
Approved For Release 2004/02/23 : CIA-RDP82-00457R008100500011-9
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