GRAIN HANDLING CAPABILITY AT SOVIET PORTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 52
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 14, 2000
• Sequence Number: 25
• Publication Date: August 1, 1975
• Content Type: REPORT

 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Secret
No Forvil:n I )ANr-n
Grain Handling Capability at Soviet Ports
Secret
ER RP 75-26
September 1975
Copy N2 180
Approved For.. Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
A 'Viii
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Warning Notice
Sensitive Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Classified by 015319
Exempt from General 'Nr.asdficatlon Schedule
of E.O. 11652, ? caption cateporyi
45 Bill, nd (3)
Automatically u? .Iassllied om
dole impossible to determine
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDPS M0608R000500230025-6
Nn Forrigi 01.urm
(MAIN IIANDLING ('APAlllLI'1'Y AT SOVIII'T POK'1'S
I. We estimate that Soviet ports could handle as much a'; 30 million metric
tons of grain imports spread over 12 months withoot scrions problems, Since Soviet
grain purchases will certainly be below this level, port capacity will not be a
bottleneck.
2. The four main Soviet ports - Odessa, Leningrad, Ilichevsk, and
Novorossiysk - have a combined annual capacity well in excess of 24 million tons
of grain imports. This rate was observed during the stunner of 1973, when grain
imports peaked. We also know of 14 other ports that have been used to unload
grain in the past few years (see the Appendix.).
3. The task of handling large quantities of' grain will not be problem free.
White the Soviets do have adequate railroad cars and barge:; to move grain imports
inland, they had difficulty in developing efficient schedules in the 1:73 import
boom. This time, similar problems are expected. Ilowever, the Soviets have more
railcars available and imports are not expected to peak until after the harvest season,
freeing railcars for use at the ports. Also, railcars normally used to haul grain to
Eastern Europe will be available because Soviet deliveries to these countries will
fall short of past levels.
4. To estimate grain handling capacity at selected Soviet ports, the following
factors were considered:
? number of berths available for grain imports,
? unloading rate,
? ship turnaround time and average deliveries,
Note: This memoranL .m is a joint project between the Office of Economic
Research and Comments and queries are welcomed. 25X1 D
They may be directed to of OER (Code 143,
Extension 5741) for additional information on the methodology and to _ 25X1A
25X1A (Code 143, Ext(nsion 3168) for additional
25X1 D 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDI5 190608R000500230025-6 September 1975
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIP86T00608R000500230025-6
? pm-t working hours,
? inland transportation capacity, and
? grain storage capacity.
Availability of Berths
5, To determine the number of berths that could he used for Soviet grain
imports, the first step was to count the maximum number of ships delivering grain
at major Soviet port:. To obtain these data, we used information published by
The Baltic and International Maritime Conference (131MCO) on I I ports) for the
1973 peak lift period - July, August, and September. As shown in Table I , 50
berths were available.
Availability of Berths To Unload Grain at Selected Soviet forts'
Port
Maximum
Ships Berthed
Total
50
Black Sea
Odessa
8
Jul-Sep
Novorossiysk
7
Jul
llichevsk
7
Jul
Poti
2
Jul-Sep
Batumi
I
Same during most of 1973
Baltic
Leningrad
8
Jul and Aug
Klaipeda
5
Aug
Riga
4
Jul
Ventspils
3
Aug and Sep
Tallinn
2
Jul
Pacific
Nakhodka
3
Jul and Aug
I. Data based on weekly Baltic and International Conference (BIMCO) reports. For a complete listing of
BIMCO reporting on grain ships discharging and waitii.,; at selected Soviet ports, see Table 2.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP8?E@?08R000500230025-6
(;rata !;Illp1 al SeIr,Iell SovleI I'm 1% nut Ing link Mont In of 197.1 (;ndn IIll Ill If II'
I'tlrI
4 Jul
I I Jul
IN Jul
25 )ill
N Aug
I S Aug
22 Aug
2') Aug
5 Sep
19 Sep
Number unlnadblg
anti willing
2'//19
311/22
40/16
.19/26
28/37
!6/32
.17/29
32/24
.11/2.1
27/15
folal %11111%
4A
53
56
65
65
6N
66
56
54
42
III.aksta
Odml
H/4
H/.1
8/4
8/4
r./9
6/9
N/6
H/6
H/N
H/2
NuvutuvUy%k
1/5
5/5
7/4
7/8
4/S
5/3
4/2
5/2
1
4/4
Illthevtk
2/2
3/3
7/3
4/4
4/6
.1/h
4/5
412
4/4
3/4
I'.41
1/1
I/O
210
1/!
1/1
21O
210
210
I/O
21
Ihtutltd
I/O
1/I
0/1
I/u
I/I
I/O
I/I
o/I
1/0
ill
1116111C
I.11111grad
4/2
5/2
6/2
H/4
615
8/4
7/3
4/2
6/1
3/1
Klalpeda
I/2
I/1
2/0
1/I
I/I
3/3
5/4
.1/4
3/2
2/0
Rip
2/0
3/0
.1/I
11/3
2/4
214
21.1
211,
3/I
2/2
venlspIk
'
211
2/3
2/0
210
2/4
2/.+
3/5
314
311
0/0
Ialllnn
./0
1/1
t
t
2
t
t
t
2
2
I`IcllIc
Nakhudko
1/2
II3
3/I
3/I
1/I
3/0
I/O
1/I
2/0
210
1. S..urtr Ihr I1YI11r rnd hncrnYIunud ,1AYrltlrrv ('untrrenc ?'HIMl'UI.(oI1C1111YKCi1. brnnuuk.
2. Nut repurlyd
6. Berths at seven other Soviet ports used to import grain in 1973 but not
covered by BIMCO were then added. This information was derived from a variety
of sources and is as follows:
7. Combining berths used during the peak
Number of Berths
Port
Handling Grain
months of the 1973 lift with estimated berthing
space at other ports yields a total of 73 berths
Total
23
at 18 ports.
Black Sea
Nikolayev
3
25X1 D
se
Tua
3
8. of the 18 ports for the July
p
Kherson
3
1972 - July 1975 period was exploited to confirm
Zhdanov
2
the above data. In general, both sources indicate
Baltic
similar patterns of berthing availability - industry
Kaliningrad
6
Baltiysk
3
sources and other data showing 73 berths and
Pacific
69. Table 3 lists berthing data
Vladivostok
3
erred from 25X1 D
Unloading Capabilities
9. Our estimate of unloading rates is derived from the actual experiences
of US shippers involved in 1973 grain deliveries to the Soviet Union. These reports
3
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP?PJ608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CSpP86T00608R000500230025-6
25X1 D
25X1 D
Evidence of Burtlis Used for Grain Imports at Soviet I'or:s
Berths Available for Grain tm orts
Total
Berths
Fixed
Grain
G+: feral
Cargo'
Total
Total
540
26
43
69
Black Sea
196
15
22
37
Odessa
37
4
8
12
Novorossiysk
43
4
5
9
Ilichevsk
24
0
3
3
Poti
14
I
2
3
Batumi
6
0
2
2
Nikalayev
28
2
2
4
Tuapse
10
0
0
0
Khcrson
12
2
0
2
Zhdanov
22
2
0
2
Baltic
267
10
17
27
Leningrad
89
3
3
6
Klaipcda
30
0
1
1
Riga
46
2
2
4
Ventspils
23
2
2
4
Tallinn
31
0
5
5
Kaliningrad
48
3
3
6
Baltiysk
122
0
13
1
Pacific
77
1
4
5
Nakhodka
37
1
2
3
Vladivostok
40
0
2
2
1 General cargo berths availr,ble for grain imports represent the maximum number of such berths used for
grain imports at any one time.
2. l3altiysk is primarily a naval port. The 12 berths listed arc for small lighters at the general cargo pier, which
he 12 are not included in the total.
3. noatang crane unloading a grain ship at an anchorage outside port, with barges carrying
grain to general cargo deck in port. 25X1 D 25X1 D
indicate that unloading rates ranged from 1,500 tons to 8,000 tons per day. We
used an unloading rate ot; 2,500 tons a day at major ports - Odessa, Leningrad,
lliclicvsk, and Novorossiysk - because the majority of he reports stated this was
the most common unloading rate. At other ports a rate of 1,750 tons a day was
used on the assumption that their grain handling facilities and operations are less
sophisticated than at the four largest ports.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CI P86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP8?108R000500230025-6
Turnaround Tines and Average Deliveries
10. Information on ship turnaround time:; is also derived front the actual
experiences of ship operators during 1973 at five major ports - Odessa, Leningrad,
Ilichevsk, Novorossiysk, and Vladivostok. Reports from these contacts indicate that
the average time to unload a ship ranged from 7 to 10 days, depending on the
availability of railcars or unloading equipment, while total turnaround time averaged
around 15 days, a reflection of the time needed to position ships at the berths
and, if needed, to lighter them to appropriate drafts. Turnaround time reached
22.7 days during the peak import months of July-September and was 15.5 days
or less during other months. Average load deliveried during 1973 - 24,700 tons -
was calculated by taking an average of actual deliveries to the five major ports
in 1973 (see Table 4).
Average Load and Daily Turnaround Time
at Selected Soviet Ports
Port
Average Load in 1973
(Thousand Metric Tons)
Daily Average
Turnaround
Time During 1973
Daily Average
Turnaround Time
During Peak Imports
Jul-Aug 1973
Total
123.6
77.4
90.7
Odessa
30.2
18
29
Novorossiysk
28.2
21
30
Ilichevsk
29.3
15
17
Leningrad
21.6
13.4
14.7
Vladivostok
14.3
10
N.A.
Average
24.7
15.5
22.7
Length of the Workday
11. It is assumed that grain unloading at Soviet ports would continue for
16 hours a day. During the 1973 lift, 16-11our days were the rule except during
the peak of July-September, when 24 hour unloading was in effect at certain Soviet
ports. SOVFRACHT officials have stated that during the upcoming 1975-76 grain
lift, ports would be open 16 hours a day.
5
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIf-86T00608R000500230025-6
Inland Transportation
12. All Soviet ports used for grain imports are connected to the national
rail and road networks. In addition, 10 of the ports are located near navigable
rivers, providing inland access by barge.
13. A major constraint in moving grain at some Soviet ports during 1973
was shortages of railcars. Management and scheduling problems caused these
shortages, not a lack of railcars. While not chronic, serious shortages occurred at
some ports in July and August 1973. These were peak months of' demand for
railcars because of heavy imports and the need to move the harvest to processing
centers.
14. The Soviets have added more than 50,000 box cars and gondolas since
1973. Operating efficiency has improved because the Soviets are using more unit
trains to move grain and have introduced a computerized train routing and
scheduling system. Even so, the Soviets will have operational problems handling
a sudden surge in grain imports, especially if schedules are not rigorous and
management is inefficient. To take account of such problems, we used a 240-day
year in the port capacity calculations.
Grain Storage Capacity
15. Eleven of the 18 ports under consideration in this study have some form
of grain storage. At the other seven ports the lack of grain storage does not preclude
grain it?ports, because offloading is possible at general cargo berths or onto barges.
In this study, grain storage is estimated at 810,000 tons and is not considered
a limiting factor, because grain has been observed being offloaded in a variety
of ways - directly into railcars, barges, or trucks for further movement inland -
at different berths, often bypassing the fixed grain storage facilities. Table 5 -
- lists grain storage facilities available at Soviet
ports.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIASIOf?I86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP%rprTT608R000500230025-6
Grain Storage at Soviet Ports
Total
Black Sea
Novorossiysk
Tuapse
Leningrad
Klaipeda
Riga
Storage Facilities
2 72-silo grain elevators
I large grain storage building
2 50-silo grain elevators
8 flat grain storage buildings
I grain handling building
I 24-silo grain elevator i
2 large grain handling/storage buildings
2 grain elevators, total number
of silos at least 220
1 55-silo grain elevator
8 small grain silos
5 flat storage buildings
1 55-silo grain elevator
6 flat storage buildings
1 I6-silo grain elevator
2 large grain storage buildings
1 60-silo grain elevator
I flat storage building
I large storage buildings,
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDPS8MM08R000500230025-6
Estimated Capacity
(Thousand Metric Tons)
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CUB&86T00608R000500230025-6
Grain Storage at Soviet Ports
(Continued)
Port Storage Facilities
Ventspils 3 flat storage buildings
2 grain handling buildings
Tallinn None
Kaliningrad 3 large storage buildings
Baltiysk None
Pacific
Nakhodka I grain handling building, no storage
observed
Vladivostok None
Calculations
Estimated Capacity
(Thousand Metric Tons)
16. On the basis of the above variables, we first estimated the grain handling
capacity of Soviet ports by using the average turnaround time as our key variable.
This result was then tested by calculating port capacity by an alternative means --
daily unloading rates. The calculations are as follows:
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA3l:I6T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP8%T00 108R000500230025-6
1.
Average Turnaround liaise
Average number of ships a berth can handle a year
(a) 15.5-day turnaround2 divided into 365 clays
(b) 22.7-day turnaround divided into 365 days
23.5 ships
16.1 ships
2.
Average load delivered (luring 1973
24,700 tons
3.
Tons per berth per year
(a) (la x 2)
581,000 tons
(b) (l b x 2)
398,000 tons
4.
Total berths available
733
5.
Total annual grain handling capacity
(a) (3a x 4)
(b) (3b x 4)
6.
Average total grain handling capability (Midpoint
of 5a and 5b)
Unloading Rates
Port Capacity Using BIMCO and Estimated Data
on Berth Availability
1.
Maximum observed number of berths used to
2.
discharge grain at Odessa, Leningrad, Ilichevsk and
Novorossiysk, July-August 1973.
Daily unloading rate
2,500 tons
3.
Total unloading rate a day at major grain ports
(I x 2)
75,000 tons
4.
Other berths used for grain at remaining ports
43
2. As mentioned above, actual time to unload a ship during 1973 ranged from 7 to 10 days, with the
15-day total turnaround time closer to actual experience.
3. Using the 69 berths would yield a range of 27.5 million tons to 40.1 million
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP8t fS8?08R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RS?7266tT00608R000500230025-6
5.
Daily u--loadint, rate at reu-ainint, ports
0.
'T'otal unloading rate a clay at rcn-aining grain ports
(4 x 5)
75,250 tons
7.
Total daily unloading talc (3 4 6)
t 50,2'50 tons
8.
I.
Total annual unloading rate, based on a 240-day
year
Port Capacity Using /sridenc?cr
of (9 Berths ?I railab e
Maximum number of berths used to discharge grain
at Odessa, Leningrad, Ilichevsk and Novorossiysk
36.1 million tons
25X1 D
30
2.
Daily unloading rate
2,500 tons
3.
Total unloading rate a day at major grain ports
(1 x 2)
75,000 tons
4.
Other berths used for grain at remaining ports
39
5.
Daily unloading rates at remaining ports
1,750 tons
6.
Total unloading rate a day at remaining grain ports
(4 x 5)
68,250 tons
7.
Total daily unloading rate (3 + 6)
143,250 tons
8.
Total annual unloading rate, based on a 240-day
year.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-R W00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDPAOW00608R000500230025-6
(:rain Handling F'quipment
Soviet grain unloading equipment includes suction transfer barges, portable
suction evacuators, quay cranes mounted with grab buckets, and ships' cranes.
Suction transfer barges - each capable of moving an estimated 400 tons of grain
per hour -- have been observed at Odessa, Nikolayev, and Kherson. In addition,
floating cranes are used to offload to barges. 't'hese have been seen at Kaliningrad
and lialtiysk. Use of these transfer barges allows simultaneous ship-to-shore and
ship-to-beige offloading operations.
Portable suction evacuators provide a flexible means of discharging grain at
bulk and general vargo piers as well as at fixed grain piers. The Soviets purchased
more than 150 diesci and electr:r-l-mered evacuators from the United States and
West Germany in 1972 to expar-J grain handling capabilities at their ports. While
each evacuator has a rated capacity of 50 tons per hour, the Soviets experienced
rates of 20 tons per hour during the 1973 lift.
Quay cranes mounted with grab buckets have varying handling capacities,
depending on the bucket size, which ranges between one and five tons. These and
ships' cranes have been observed at various ports unloading grain onto rail cars and
barges. various grain handling techniques at scheduled Soviet ports.
25X1 D
II
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP,?E~ 0608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: Cbt(R P86T00608R000500230025-6
USSR: Soviet Grain Ports
ww to Y-." ?tn?
~II~~Iw1Y Mn?~nw,
? ,d11dM,
~,ArM
?lwrwr/.1
~ M+~+
W ,'Md~al~
12
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: C4@P86T00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Next 2 Page(s) In Document Exempt
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA?}86T00608R000500230025-6
Odessa is located ran the northw'.stern coast of the Black Sea. The Port contains
37 hcrths, four of w;lich arc located along two grain piers. The grain piers are
connected by conveyor to two 72-unit grain elevators and other grain storage and
handling facilities in the tort are-:. Since mid-1972, ships have also 25X1 D
at I3* different general cargo berths ol'lloading grain into rail cars and barges via
(limy cranes, suction transl'cr trailers, and a suction transfer barge. Odessa is the
main grain port in the Black Sea, handling nearly one-third of US grain exports
to the Soviet Union in I973.
? A maximum of ti bertbx were %cen at any one lime Table 3).
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP%6T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIf ECT 86T00608R000500230025-6
Novorosslysk is loafed on the north-central coast of the Black Sea. The port
contains a total of 43 berths, four of which arc located along a grain pier. The
grain pier is connected by a conveyor to a large grain storage area containing two
50-unit grain elevators, eight large storage buildings, and a grain handling building.
Since mid-1972, ships at five different general cargo berths
offloading grain into rail cars via suction transfer trailers and quay cranes.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA ikDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
NleIewsk is located on the northwestern coast of the Block Sea, alplpruxinrately
nine nautical miles southwest oI' Odessu. The port has a total of 24 hcrUhs, but
none exclusively designed fur the transfer of gain. 'there are no gain r,toragc
facilities in the port area. Since nrid-1972, ships at three general 25X1 D
cargo berths oflloacling gain into rai! cars and barges via quay cranes and suction
transfer trailers.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RUP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
11611 is located oil the eastern coast of the Black Sea, approximately 39 nautical
miles north of the Turkish border. The putt has a total of 14 berths. There is
a grain quay with one berth, two Large grain handlingjstorage buildings
interconnected by a conveyor, and a 24-unit grain elevator. The grain elevator has
been built since lute 1972 to replace one which had exploded earlier that year.
Since mid-1972, ships offloading grain at two general cargo
berths into rail cars via suction transfer trailers and quay cranes.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RIDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
Batumi is located on the cast coast of the Black Sea, just north oI' the 'T'urkish
border. The port contains a total oI' six berths, but none are grain berths. 'T'here
are no grain storage facilities in the port area. Since mid-1972, ships have been
- two of the general cargo berths offloading grain into rail curs. Until
1974, most grain was offloaded by use of ship and quay cranes. In 1974, two
ra'l-nwunted suction transfer elevators were erected to facilitate offloading.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDPWaT00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: O R1DP86T00608R000500230025-6
NIAidu.r-rr is Iocafc(l al-I-roxinr;rlcly 5. nautic;il miles ul) the Yuihnyy Iitig
(river) from Ilic 1fl;ick Sca. 'I'Iic Burl contains ;i total of 28 berths, two of which
arc along grain (tuays. I)olh )gain iltmys ;trc conllectc(l tlircclly to f!raln clcvat()rn,
one of Which is at least ;t 220 unit elevator. Since mitl?I 72, ships have also been
Iwu general cm-go berths oflluatling grain into rail cars via quay cranes
;urtl into barges via a suction transfer barge.
26
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: Cl 86T00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: 6I bP86T00608R000500230025-6
lrui/me is located oil the northeastern coast of' the Black Sea, approximately
55 nautical stiles suuthcasl of Novorussiysk. The I-urt contains a total of I() berths,
hilt none exclusively designed I'm- (lie transport of brain. There are no grain storage
facilities in the purl area. No ships off1m.uling grain at general 25X1 D
cargo quays since mitt-I')72, and no grain hoppers or other types of grain hwulling
equipment have been identified.
28
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CRP86T00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIAF.EHDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Kher%nn is locate( ;rpproxintatcly 43 nautical miles up the Dnieper River front
the Itlack tics. It is Ilse only nuuritiine port on Ilse Dnieper which connects with
the extensive inland waterway rystcrrt leading to the I;rtg and Vistula in Poland.
The port has a total of 12 berths, two of which are at the grain quay, h conveyor
connects the grain quay with ;i 55-unit grain elevator. Five grain storage buildings
anal eight small grain silos are adjacent to the elevators. Since mitt-I972, grain
has ofl'loadef.l at the grain quay via suction transfer barge
into barges, No offloading of grain at any of the general cargo
berths. 25X1 D
30
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIP~P86T00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIAAtI1R86T00608R000500230025-6
%!irluru--' is located on the norlhcustcrn C?onst of the Scu of nzuv, 'file tort
Iris ;- tut;Il of 22 hcrths, two of which urc locate) ;rlunlr, a )!rain I-icr. It runvcyur
Conncc?ts the I?icr to a 55-u11it clcv;rlor. Six other )train stornl"c huil(Iings arc locate)
at the burl. No shits offll-;r-linlt grain at any of file general
c;ugo hcrlhs since n-id-I972.
32
Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-FEIT00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIAft9ff6T00608R000500230025-6
Lcw/nurud is located at the cast end of the Gull' of Hnlancl. 'I'lic port contains
a total of, ti') berths, three of which are located along a grain quay. A 10-unit
grain clcvalor and two grain storage buihlings arc connected by conveyors to the
grain quay. Since mid-I 972, ships at three different general 25X1 D
cargo berths ofTloadinp grain into rail cars via quay cranes and suction transfer
trailers.
34
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: Cl ,tPCPR86TOO608ROO0500230025-6
tiluiprdu is located on the soothe astern coast of the Italtic Sea. The port
contains a total of 3() berths, but none exclusively dcsigne(I for the transfer of
grain. '!bete are no grain storage facilities in the port area. Since mid-1972, ships
occasionally one of the general cargo berths offloading what
appeared to he grain.
36
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA6T00608R000500230025-6
Riga is a river port pouted on the southern end of the Gulf of Itiga. The
poll has a total of 40 berths, two of which ars: at grain quays, 'I'Ite grain quays
are connected by conveyors to a 60-unit grain elevator and tvwo grain storage
buildings. Since mid-1972, ships two general cargo imrths 25X1 D
ul'lluading grain into rail cars via yuay cranes,
ae
Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RP RE 6T00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CP86T00608R000500230025-6
Vrrrisp!ls is Iul;llctl on the r;istrrn C?o;INI ul the I1;IItCC tica ?it hit ntmtllt nl'
the Vcnta Kivu, 'flit Iu-rl contains a lot;il UI' 2.1 I-rrllls, Iwo oI which arc luralcd
along, a Drain (Iuay. 'I I-rcc I',riin Sim-age huilrlinps ;111t1 two I!r;iin Itan(Iling huil(Iinps
arc ;i(Ijarrnt to the quay. Since mitt-I972, strips two I'cncral
Caf O hertlis utlluading brain into rail cars via quay cr;inrs.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: Clf'86T00608R000500230025-6
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
"!u!ll1iii is located on the south coast of the ( gulf of Finlaiid, The port contains
it total of 31 berths, hilt none exclusively designed I'o, the tr;nnsfer of grain. There
are also no grain storage, facilities in the port area. Since mil-I972, shills have
five different general cargo berths offlomling grain into rail cars
via quay cranes.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA_ RbP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
Kulhiingrud is located on the Prcgolya River about three nautical miles
upstream from the (gulf of I).mr!j;. The port contains a total of 48 berths, three
of which are along two grain quays. A grain storage building is located along each
of the grain berths. Since mid-1972, ships three of the general 25X1 D
cargo berths offloading grain into rail cars mid barges via quay cranes and a floating
crime.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-l 1DP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECkET
I!alily?s?h is I~-r;itr~l oil tlir Baltic tiro ;1111ruxiniately Ire nautical miles north
of file Polish hurler. It is ille principal oprr;cling base for. (lie Ifaltic fleet and
nun-Soviet ships reportedly ire prohibited Irony entering the port. No grain quays
OF grain lr;ursfcr or storage facilities are located in the port area. A fixed mooring
platform located approxinritcIy three nautical miles I?roin (lie purl is used for the
transfer of cargo from ships into barges, Since mid-1972, cargo ships have been
at file mooring platform offloading what appeared to he grain
into barges via a floating crane and, on one occasion, via a possible suction transfer
harge.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RIYP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
Nl/k/llll/ka is located in the Soviet Far I?ast, approximately 44 nautical miles
southeast of Vladivostok. The port contains a total of 37 berths, one of which
is along a grain quay. 'I'lirec suction crancs on the grain quay arc available to
transfer grain from ships to a grain handling building, which is rail served. Since
mid-I972, ships two general cargo berths offloading 25X1 D
grain into rail cars via quay _.,inrs.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RI86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
VGU(llvu,eluk is loc;1te(I oil the western coast of the Sea of Japan. 'Ilse Burt
ronfaims ;I total ul' 40 berths, none oI' which is exclusively (lesignc(I for he transfer
ul' gain. No grain storage facilities are conl'irne(1 in the Dort, but some arc available
ahuut three miles to the north. Since mi(I-1972, ships two 25X1D
general cargo herths ol*floading grain into rail cars via (luny cranes.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RD86T00608R000500230025-6
SECRET
 25X1 D
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP86T00608R000500230025-6