SOUTHEAST ASIA ACTIVITY REPORT NORTH VIETNAM LOGISTICS ACTIVITY 1967-68 TRUCE PERIODS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04560A006200010028-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 47
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 10, 2000
• Sequence Number: 28
• Publication Date: February 1, 1968
• Content Type: REPORT

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PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
SOUTHEAST ASIA
ACTIVITY REPORT
NORTH VIETNAM
LOGISTICS ACTIVITY
1967-68 TRUCE PERIODS
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NPIC/R-30/68
FEBRUARY 1968
GROUP 1 EXCLUDED FROM
AUTOMATIC DOWNGRADING
AND DECLASSIFICATION
A006200010028-0
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the national defense of the United States,
within the meaning of Title IS, sections
793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as amended.
Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is
prohibited by law.
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TITLE 1
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PREFACE
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This report is a summary of selected information
on transportation and infiltration activity in southeast
Asia as reported by NPIC during the period indicated
on the cover. Those lines of communication and associ-
ated facilities which support communist insurgency in
Laos and South Vietnam are emphasized.
Items are numbered and arranged according to location
from north to south. Annotated maps of varying scales
have been included to assist the reader in locating the
items. Each large-scale map depicts all motorable roads
photographically confirmed by NPIC unless otherwise in-
dicated.
Missions, mission dates, frames, and NPIC cable
and briefing board references are listed after each item,
as appropriate.
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INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes the logistics activity in the Panhandle area of
North Vietnam during the IIIIIIIItruce periods. As in the past, the North
Vietnamese fully exploited the 36-hour U.S. bombin cessations during the
Christmas and New Year 25X1D
Truce Periods and to a lesser extent,
25X1D
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Truce Period
As indicated by the accompanying Map, there were significant photogra-
phic gaps during each of the periods. However, the coverage was complete
enough to permit an assessment of the activity and a comparison of the
periods. Reference is also occasionally made to of 25X1D
It is felt that this mission reflected a normal daylight
activity level for this area of North Vietnam.
To facilitate a comparison of the logistics activity, the report has
been divided into the following sections: Vehicular Activity, pp
Quang Khe Transshipment Points, pp 13-19; Song Troc (River) Transshipment
Points, pp 20-23; Viet Yen Transshipment Point, pp 24-25; Yen Phu Area
Logistics Activity, pp 26-33; and Railroad Activity, pp 34-39. Except for
those craft observed at transshipment points, no waterborne activity could
be associated with the southern movement of supplies during these periods.
Tables of comparative vehicular activity during each of the truce
periods have been included in the appendix. These totals are not intended
as precise vehicle counts and should be used only for comparison purposes.
While it is doubtful that any convoys or major concentrations of vehicles
were successfully concealed on individual vehicles are extremely
difficult to detect on Black Shield photography in areas of dense vegeta-
tion or along tree-lined routes. It is also logical to assume that some
duplicate "sightings" occurred during the truce periods, although the total
effect was minimized by the small number of missions and amount of overlap.
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y !RH
DON&OI
AREAS OF
cri INTERPRETABLE PHOTOGRAPHY
-><
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CHRISTMAS TRUCE PERIOD
11111111111111111 NEW YEAR TRUCE PERIOD
TET TRUCE PERIOD
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Vehicular Activity
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Interpretable photographic coverage during the Christmas and New Year
Truce Periods was generally limited to the coastal routes south of Thanh
Hoa, chiefly Route 1A. Although there were significant photographic
gaps -- partly attributable to poor weather conditions -- in the areas of
the important inland routes serving the logistics net in Laos (RoUtes 15,
101, 110, and 137) and along a 40-nm coastal segment in the vicinity of
Vinh, there were 1030 and 974 vehicle sightings during these periods,
respectively. In contrast, only 157 vehicles were identified in a much
25X1D larger area on see map, page 3).
As suggested by the examples of vehicular activity included herein
(Figures 1-6, 10), over half of the vehicles sighted during both periods
were in transit on Route LA between 19-00N and 20-00N. Contrary to the
traffic pattern indicated by these examples, vehicular activity generally
consisted of individual or scattered groups of trucks rather than convoys.
Concentrations were frequently observed at river crossings, however, where
even the obvious preparation was inadequate to maintain a smooth flow of
the high-volume traffic.
The majority of the vehicles sighted were conventional 2-ton cargo
trucks, although numerous cab-over-engine trucks were also observed. Most
of the cargo beds were canvas-covered, especially on southbound traffic.
Visible cargo appeared to be sacks of material rather than crates or
packaged goods. Many of the trucks also carried either POL drums or a
single large FOL storage tank, the latter probably serving the traffic
itself.
Except for the canvas-covered beds, there was little or no attempt to
canceaT either the vehicles or their movement. Camouflaged trucks were
rarely observed and the wooden frames which are frequently erected over the
cab and hood were without the customary foliage.
The vehicular activity Observed during the Tet Truce Period is sharply
contrasted with that of the Christmas and New Year Periods. There were
only 190 vehicles sighted during this period and most of them were parked
't es and vi_ates. The drastic reduction in sightings can no doubt
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As bombing operations continued south of Vinh, a normal daylight
vehicular pattern was maintained there during the Tet Period. Only 11
moving vehicles were sighted south of Vinh as compared to approximately
11-oo and 165 during the Christmas and New Year Periods, respectively.
(It should also be noted that a greater area was covered by interpretable
25X1D
25X1D
Only 1 vehicle was observed on Route 15 north of the Mu Gia Pass
during this year's Tet Period as compared to approximately 20-0 during
25X1D the 2-day Tet Truce 11111111(NPIC Briefing Board L-2754). However, in
spite of the potential air strikes, road repair/maintenance was underway
during daylight hours both prior to and during let (Figure 9). This
perhaps reflected an urgency to keep open the most important logistics
route into Laos.
25X1D
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As indicated above, there was relatively little vehicular movement
observed even north of Vinh. Isolated instances of abnormal preparations
For vehicular movement were noted, i.e., the Positioning of a temporary
bridge at Ninh Binh during daylight hours (Figure 8); but only 2 small
convoys were observed, both in the vicinity of Thahh Hoa (Figure 11).
FIGURE 1. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, ROUTE 10, NORTH VIETNAM (20-19N 106-03E)
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FIGURE 2. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, ROUTE 7A, NORTH VIETNAM (79-37N 705-48E)
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FIGURE 3. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, ROUTE 1A, NORTH VIETNAM (79-35N 705-47E)
+al POL TRUCK
ellit TRUCK WITH POL DRUMS
s
FIGURE 4. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, ROUTE 7A, NORTH VIETNAM (79-74N 705-42E)
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NORTH-AND SOUTHBOUND CONVOYS
(69 VEHICLES)
FIGURE 5. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, ROUTE 7A, NORTH VIETNAM (79-07N 705-35E)
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FIGURE 6. RIVER CROSSING, PHUNG CAT, NORTH VIETNAM (79-35N 105-47E)
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CAMOUFLAGED CARGO TRUCKS
(25 TOTAL)
FIGURE 7. PARKED VEHICLES, HA TINH APEA, NORTH VIETNAM (18-13N 106-03E)
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+Nat CARGO TRUCK
FIGURE 8. TEMPORARY BRIDGE, NINH BINH, NORTH VIETNAM (20-75N 1"-59E25X1D
OPERATING BULLDOZER
FIGURE 9. ROAD REPAIR IMPROVEMENT, ROUTE 75, NORTH VIETNAM
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19 VEHICLES (NORTH- AND SOUTHBOUND
FIGURE 10. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, ROUTE 7A, NORTH VIETNAM (79-76N 705-43E)
FIGURE 17. VEHICLE ACTIVITY, THANH HOA AREA, NORTH VIETNAM (19-48N 705-45E)
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Quang Khe Transshipment Points
The Quang Khe Transshipment Points once again provided the most
vivid example of North Vietnamese exploitation of the U.S. bombing
cessation during the Christmas and New Year Truce Periods. For the
second year in a row, the north and south banks of the Song Giang (river)
in the vicinity of the destroyed Quang Khe naval facilities erupted in
a frenzy of transshipping activity. Unlike the Tet Truce Period 25X1D
when major logistics craft (including the first sightings of the SL-1 in
North Vietnam) were involved, this year's activity was generally limited
to the ferrying of supplies across the Song Giang by small and medium-
sized sampans. However, there was no appreciable diminution in the
overall levels of activity.
Three transshipment points, 1 on the north bank and 2 on the south,
were utilized during the 2 truce periods (see accompanying map). Exten-
sive preparation was required for the use of Point No. 2 since the
causeway leading to Route lA had been heavily damaged. Figure 12
depicts the progression of activity: 1) the damaged causeway and
inactive transshipment point on 2) the off-loading and
stacking of supplies prior to 1200 hours onand 3) the 25X1D
column of vehicles waiting to be loaded at 1111111.111 25X1D
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The condition of the causeway is particularly interesting in this
photographic sequence. The causeway had been made serviceable prior to
by repairing the damaged portions and substituting improved
fords for those segments which had been completely destroyed. There was
a marked deterioration of the causeway by the afternoon of the NM 25x1D
probably resulting from the extremely high volume of traffic during the
day.
Transshipment Point No. 3, also on the south bank, exhibited rela-
tively little activity during the Christmas period. At the same time 25x1D
Point No. 2 was photographed on the morning of the (Figure 12), the
activity at Point No. 3 was limited to 1 sampan beached adjacent to
several small stacks of supplies and personnel loading a single cargo
truck. The deterioration of the causeway leading from Point No. 2 was
not repaired prior to the New Year Truce, however, and Point No. 3 was
the only transshipment point in use on the south bank during that period.
Transshipment Point No. 1, on the north bank of the Song Giang,
probably provides the best example of the relative activity during all
truce periods. Figure 13 depicts a portion of the approximately 70
sampans, 250 personnel, and 6 cargo trucks involved in transshiping on
the morning of transshipment had been completed at this
point.by 1800 hours Figure 14). A comparable level of transshipping
took place again during the New Year Truce Period (Figure 15), but the
failure to suspend air strikes during Tet was reflected in the normal
inactivity of (Figure 16).
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25X1D FIGURE 12. TRANSSHIPMENT POINT NO. 2,QUANG KHE, NORTH VIETNAM
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FIGURE 73. TRANSSHIPMENT POINT NO. 7, QUANG KHE, NORTH VIETNAM
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FIGURE 74. TRANSSHIPMENT POINT NO. 7, QUANG KHE, NORTH VIETNAM
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LARGE SAMPANS
FIGURE 15. TRANSSHIPMENT POINT NO. 1, QUANG ICHE, NORTH VIETNAM
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FIGURE 16. TRANSSHIPMENT POINT NO. 7, QUANG KHE, NORTH VIETNAM
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The extensive amount of supplies stockpiled at 2 transshipment and
storage facilities on the Song Troc (river), 4.5 nm west-southwest and
7.5 nm southwest of Quang Khe, indicate that these facilities were major
components in the logistics network utilized during the truce periods.
The strategic location of these facilities between Routes 137 and lA
permits the redistribution of supplies to both Laos and the DMZ area via
these respective routes (see accompanying map). This is probably their
normal function when supplies are moved south from the railhead of the
serviceable Vinh/Dong Hoi Rail Line (17-)-9N 106-10E) along the Nguon Nay
and Song Troc rivers.
Two significant facts suggest that these facilities were directly
involved in the transshipping activity at Quang Khe during the truce
periods and that the supplies observed stockpiled on
were intended for Laos rather than the DIE area. First, the 1 large
sampans located at the northern Quang Khe transshipment point on.
Figure 15) were unlike any craft ever observed at the southern
transshipment points. Second, an extremely large amount of supplies was
observed stockpiled away from the river bank at the 2 facilities on the
Song Troc later in the month (Figures 17 and 18). It seems reasonable to
assume that at least most of those supplies which crossed the river at
Quang Khe were intended for further movement south along Route 1A; while
any supplies which were carried southwest along the Song Troc would be
transshipped for further movement along Route 137.
A partially-submerged sampan appears to have been utilized as an
offshore wharf at the Giap Nhat Transshipment Point (Figure 17).
Although some residue of supplies remains scattered at the river bank and
approximately 70 personnel are observed in the area, the movement to more
permanent stockpiles appears nearly complete on the In addition to
those supplies stored in 2 buildings without roofs, 5 of the 8 stacks of
supplies have been covered.
By the supplies had been stockpiled in 16 separate
stacks at the Phu Kinh Transshipment Point (Figure 18), and the area
appeared void of activity. This was the first identification of this
facility, and it is interesting to note that the access roads have been
camouflaged with emplaced vegetation.
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FIGURE 77. GIAP NHAT TRANSSHIPMENT POINT, SONG TROC (RIVER), NORTH VIETNAM (77-37N 706-22E)
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FIGURE 18. PHU KINN TRANSSHIPMENT POINT, SONG TROC (RIVER), NORTH VIETNAM (77-40N 706-24E)
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Viet Yen Transshipment Point
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The only transshipment operation identified in the areas of photo-
graphic coverage north of Quang Khe during the truce periods was located
near Viet Yen, 3 nm east-southeast of Tnanh Hoa. Six probably motorized
sampans, approximately 40 ft in length, were moored here on 25X1 D
(Figure 19). Eighteen canvas-covered stacks of supplies were located on
the adjacent river bank, and 5 cargo trucks were in the immediate vicinity.
Additional river craft were observed in the area, as well as in the normal
concentrations throughout the Panhandle (approximately 950 sampans/ junks
25X1 D were counted on . However, it is difficult, if not impossible,
to associate these with any special logistic effort.
Th
Tien
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FIGURE 79. TRANSSHIPMENT POINT, VIET YEN, NORTH VIETNAM (79-47N W5-49E)
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Yen Phu Area Logistics Activity
Two major supply points were identified within 1 nm of Yen Phu
during the Christmas and New Year Truce Periods and their location,
precisely halfway between Thanh Hoa and Vinh, lends some credence to the
reported shuttle system employed for the movement of supplies. In addi,
tion, the Route lA alternate river crossings at Yen Phu provide one of
the better comparisons of logistic support activity during truce and
non-truce periods.
Sixteen large stacks of supplies were dispersed around a loop road
within the village of Thien Ki, immediately north of Yen Phu, On. 25X1D
(Figure 20). Although most of the supplies were covered,
many apparent rice sacks were visible. Some of the supplies had been
placed in partially dismantled huts, suggesting that other apparently
native dwellings in the area were also being used for storage. Seven
trucks were probably awaiting cargo at that time. By 6 of 25X1D
the stacks had been either removed or partially removed, and additional
supplies had been stockpiled in a previously unused area.
Cargo trucks were also being loaded at the supply point immediately
25X1D south of Yen Phu on (Figure 21). In addition to the prob-
able storage building adjacent to the trucks, 15 canvas-covered and open
stacks of supplies (ranging from approximately 10 x 4o x 15 ft to 30 x
100 x 15 ft) were dispersed under a sparse tree canopy. At least 3 of
25X1D these stacks had been partially removed by
25X1D
Figure 22 depicts the normal daylight status of 2 Route lA river
crossings at Yen Phu. (A third alternate crossing remained unserviceable
throughout the 2 truce periods and is not depicted.) Temporary pontoon
bridges were positioned at these crossings on and then 25X1D
removed before the 1111 (Figure .23). Only 1 of the bridges was
repositioned for the New Year Truce and the resulting bottleneck was
evident at the bridge (Figure 24) hs well as 300 meters south (Figure 4).
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i)O
AMS SERIES L7014
SHEETS 6147 III AND IV
2ND EDITION 1966
SCALE 1:50,000
? :77?-
; :X?in Orig 'Hen
-
?0,4!! UG-
t."ril:X6m Rec K
560AOQG2000I002
X6m Mai luternq
f?arn Di
Co
25X1D
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25X1D
+am TRUCK AWAITING
CARGO
FIGURE 20. THIEN KI SUPPLY POINT, ROUTE TA, NORTH VIETNAM (19-15N 105-42E)
Page 28
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FIGURE 22. ALTERNATE RIVER CROSSINGS, ROUTE 1A, NORTH VIETNAM (79-74N 705-42E)
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25X1 D
CARGO TRUCKS
,
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BOATS IN TOW
EMPTY CARGO TRUCKS
(NORTHBOUND)
25X1
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Although not approaching the spectacular volume of vehicular acti-
vity, the observed daylight usage of the Ha Noi/Vinh Rail Line during
the Christmas and New Year Truce Periods was both substantial and
atypical. Large numbers of stationary rolling stock are frequentl
located along the line,
25X1D
On 3 short supply trains were observed moving on the
rail line between Thanh Hoa and Vinh (Figures 25 and 26). As suggested
by these photograph's, lorries are utilized exclusively on this segment
of the line, probably due to the inadequacy of the numerous small bridges
to support the much heavier locomotives.
25X1D
The longest train observed moving during the 2 truce periods was
headed south on between Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoc? This tralr
included 11 camouflaged boxcars, 8 canvas-covered flatcars, and 2 covered
gondolas (Figure 27). Another supply train, located 1.5 nm south of Ninh
Binh, was partially irripe6 on frhP SFIMP (1.PT 9.nd.
filled with sacks of material, 1 boxcar, and 4 small POL cars camouflaR:ed
as boxcars. Although this train was probably stationary, it is most un-
usual to photograph classified trains duo in the day.
25X1D
25X1D
25X1D
Additional activity in the Ninh Binh area during the New Year Truce
included rail transshipping (Figure 28) and the rbsitioning of 3 rail
ferries to form a bridge across the Song Day (river). This was the first
observance of a temporary rail bridge at this site, and it was not uti-
lized again during Tet (Figure 30.
No trains, either moving or stationary, were observed during the
Tet Truce Period. However, a northbound train was observed between
Thanh Hoa and Ninh Binh on (Figure 29), and a lorry-pulled
train was struck 30 nm south of Thanh Hoa on
but together with other isolated examples referenced in this report, it
suggests either a sense of urgency on the part of the North Vietnamese
or a disdain for Allied bombing operations.
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25X1D,
25X1D
A I I
twidiiP0 PP
.,?
:RAILROAD:,ACTIITY
hrA
if-
4:78 2 4
,
SERIES ONC
SHEET Joll
. 6TH EDITION, 1965 -Page 35
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CIA-11j178B04560A006200 1- 02 .20-e. 2
-,_
25X1C
TNPIC m-2- .-) 1
FIG. 26
A
1_ 1
1
LLII.L LI
I
25X1D
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25X1D
FIGURE 25. SOUTHBOUND TRAIN, HA NOI/VINH RAIL UNE, NORTH VIETNAM (19-35N 705-42E)
FIGURE 26. SOUTHBOUND I RAIN, HA NOLVINH RAIL LINE, NORTH VIETNAM (1946N 105-43E)
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25X1D
,fo'r Ref e.2000/00 DP78}49.
25X1D
25X1D
FIGURE 27. SOUTHBOUND SUPPLY TRAIN, HA NO! VINH RAIL LINE, NORTH VIETNAM (20-02N 705-51E)
NORTHBOUND TRAIN
CARGO TRUCKS0,
4 /1`
25X1D
25X1D
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FIGURE 30. RAILROAD FERRY CROSSING AND TEMPORARY BRIDGE, NINH BINH, NORTH VIETNAM
(20-75N 105-59E)
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APPENDIX
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25X1 C Npic, R-30/68
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VEHICIE SIGHTINGS AND HEADINGS
25X1 D
Route
Latitude
(In Degrees)
Heading
North
Heading
South
Heading
Undetermined*
HA
18 - 19
0
40
1A
19 - 20
0
O
12
12
20 - 21
0
0
21
15
18 - 19
0
19
lo8
18 - 19
0
0
30
211
20 - 21
0
8
Other
27
Total
0
157
Christmas Truce
HA
14 - 18
69
189
7
HA
18 - 19
3
46
o
HA
19 - 20
244
285
86
101
19 - 13
2
1
0
104
17 - 18
4
,
,
o
io6
19 - 18
o
2
0
107
19 - 18
1
0
108
19 - 18
li_
58
o
110
1/ - 18
5
,__ -,
2
137
14 - 18
5
_,.
2
19L
19 - 20
o
6
o
Total
331
396
97
New Year Truce
1A
-
48
63
56
11
18 - 19
0
A
19 - 20
34ic
-f-2
59
HA
20 - 21
18
26
10
20 - 21
10
12
ley
19 - 20
0
108
19 - PO
31
401
19 - 20
11
9
(04
19 - ?(-)
H
IL
Total
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456 403
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Route
Latitude
(In Degrees)
Heading
North
Heading
South
Heading
Undetermined*
Tet Truce
1A
17 - 18
0
1
0
lA
18 - 19
2
7
83
lA
19 - 20
5
3
5
lA
20 - 21
0
10
0
7
18 - 19
0
o
4
10
20 - 21
5
10
16
15
17 - 18
0
1
0
15
18 - 19
0
2
0
21
20 - 21
0
0
1
92
20 - 21
0
0
9
101
17 - 18
0
1
3
118
19 - 20
0
0
1.0
151
18 - 19
0
o
3
210
20 - 21
2
0
8
706
1.9 - 20
0
0
3
Total
.14
35
1:71-
*Sightings on east-west routes are Included in this column.
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KPIC BRIEFING BOARD REFERENCES
1966 Christmas Truce Period
1-2528 Truck Convoy, Route 701, NYN
1967 TET Truce Period
1-2725 Trucks, Route 1A, NVN
1-2727 Transshipment Operation, Quang Floe, NVN
1-2728 Truck Convoy, Mu Gia Pass Area, NVN
L-2729 Truck Convoys, Mu Gia Pass Area, NVN
L-2754 Truck Convoys, Mu Gia Pass Area, NVN
1967 Christmas Truce Period
1:-.4121
L-4722
L-4723
1-4724
P-4725
P-4726
L-47R7
L-4728
L-4729
L-4733
NPIC/R-30/68
A006200010028-0
Transshipment Activity (Morning), Quang Floe, NVN
Supply Point, Thien Ni, NVN
Transshipment Activity (Afternoon),
By-Pass Bridges, Yen Phu, NVN
River Crossing Activity, Pon, NVN
Rail Activity, Thanh Hoe Area, NVN
Christmas Truce Activity
Supply Point, Yen Phu, MTN
Transshipment Point, Vien Yen, NVN
Vehicle Activity, NVN
1968 New Year Truce Period
P-4740
P-4746
L-4747
L-4749
1-4750
1-4751
1-4753
Quang Phe, NVN
Transshipment Activity, bang Floe, NVN
Waterborne Activity, Thanh Hoe Area, NVN
Vehicle Activity, New Years Truce, NVN
Rail Activity, Nihh Binh-Thanh Hoa Area, NVN
New Years Truce Activity, NVN
By-Pass Bridge, Yen Phu, NVN
Supply Points, Yen Phu/Thien Ki,
1968 Pre-Tet Period
L-4819 Pail Activity, Ninh Binh-Thant' Hoa
L-4820 Road Repair, Route 15, NVN
0-4828 Transshipment Point, Giap Flat, NVN
1-4829 Transshipment Point, Song Vinh/Hoang Mai, NVN
Area, NVN
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25X1 D
1968 Tet Truce Period
NPIC /R-30/68
006200010028-0
L-4812 Transshipment Points, Quang the, NVN
L-4817 Vehicles in Village Sanctuaries, NVN
L-4826 Rail Activity, Ninh Binh, NVN
L-4821 Vehicle Activity NVN
MISSION REFERENCES
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006200010028-0
25X1C
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