INFORMATION ON SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL COOPERATION- 1960

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• Collection: General CIA Records
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• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 16, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: September 16, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

C IA~P~: 13162-13~,`
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BLOC L NTERNAT L ONAL GE?PHYS I CAL cCQOPERA~' I`ON
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PD 131632-236
INFORMATION ON SOVIET BIM INTERNATIONAL ~EOP_NYSIC L COOP'SRRTION - 196
September 16, 1960
U. S. Department of Commerce
Business and Defense Services Administration
Office of Technical Services
Washington 25, D. C.
Published Weekly
Subscription Price $12.00 for the 1960 Ser'.es
Use of funds for printing this publication has been
approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, October 28, 1959
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INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL COQ E ATION P110QIZAM
SOVIET-BLOO AQT IS
Table of-Contan-W
Pape
1.
GENERAL
1
II.
ROCKETS AND ARTIFICIAL EARTH SATELLITES
2
III,
UPPER ATMOSPHERE
7
IV.
METEOROLOGY
9
V.
VI.
SEISMOLOGY
OCEANOGRAPHY
10
VII.
ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC
13
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. (31i;Nl;IZA.1,
1,1-nl tatInn-- cal' thr- 1110,vnrnnl Law of Attr nct ton
In a full page artie1e a roportur of Nodelyn asks Moscow autrono-
mar, professor Boris Alokuandrovich Vorontuov-Vol'ywninov to explain his
contention that Newton's universal law of attraction does not apply in
Jomo U1001
Prof'ouuor Vororrtuov-Val 'yaminov replies that the "tails" or "wpbs"'
of' curtain double, or multiple galaxi.ea, and the lack of such phenomena
indicate that the universal law of attraction alone does not explain
"mutual-action galaxies)" and that with extreme changes in thu unit of
measure, 1.'rom the moga-world to the micro-world, extreme results also
are produced, which also explains why thin exception was not discovered
before. '("Beyond the Dome of the Mogaworld,"" by V. R. Kolar, Nedolya,
No. 24, August l%0, page 15)
A Climate-Changing, "Saturn Rin r" for the Earth
In a brief article in Ekonomichesknya Gareta A. Presnyakov dis-
cu--ses an idea of Valentin l3orioovich Cherenkov for creating a ring of
small particles around the Earth which would capture some of the Sun's
energy now lost to us, to produce heat and light.
According to Cherenkov-n plan a belt of particles averaging 0.3
micron in diameter, 100 kilometers wide and 1,000 to 1,500 kilometers
above the Earth between 70 and 90 degrees north latitude would be nuf
i'icient to change the climate of the northern hemisphere.
A plain forwarded by M. Grodskiy consiots of creating a belt of
potassium particles with a lower altitude of 1,200, and an upper alti-
tude of 10,000 kilometers, and a total weight of 1,750,000 tons. This
material would be carried aloft by rockets and dinpersed by a special
centrifugal apparatus. The effect of the reflecting belt would be to
reflect to the Earth a greater part of the one two-billionths of the
Sun's energy which it now receives, greatly improving the thermal sys-
tem of the northern hemisphere, improving navigation of the North Sea
routes and northern rivers, and would have no appreciable effect upon
the tropical latitudes. ("Reflecting Rini; of the Earth," by A.
Presnyakov, Ekonomicheakaya Gazeta, 12 August 1960, page 4)
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I.T. ROC B7'S AND ARTIFICIAL PARTII SATELLITES
""Strelkrt" and "ikjika"" in Satellite Orbit
PYRGHT Thu following is a full translation of an article appearing in
the 20 August 1960 issue of Pravda on the launching of the second
Soviet aniuutl-carrying natollito,
In con ormance With % ho ians or a y or oamic apace, the
second apace chip was placed into an Earth-catolli a orbit from the
Soviet Union on 19 August 1960. The main task of he launching in
the further development of systems which will ens o the vital ac-
tivity of man, and will ensure his flight and rat n to Earth.
'rho cabin, which in equipped with all the a contials for the
future flight of man, contains pro-experimental a ale, including
two clogs, named I'Stroika"" and "I3olka, ""
During the flight of the space ship-catelli
logical experiments are to be conducted and the pr
investigation of cosmic apace is to be carried out
The second Soviet space chip-satellite in i
approximating a circle, with an altitude of approx
motors.
The initial period of revolution of the spa
minutes, and the angle of inclination of its orbit
plane is 65 degrees. The weight of the space chip
the last stage of the currier-rocket is 4,600 kilo
The space chip-satellite carries a "Signal"
operating at 19.995 megacycles, radio telemeterin
mitting to the Earth data on the status of the pre
and on all the systems inctalled on board the sate
A radio-television system has been installe
ship-satellite for observation of the behavior of
Preliminary data indicate that the systems
the space ship-satellite are functioning normally,
unsigned, Pravda, 20 August 1960, page 1
o many modicobio-
Irram of scientific
an orbit closely
tely 320 kilo-
e chip is 90.6
from the equatorial
-satellite without
ams.
radio transmitter
equipment for trans-
experimental animals
lite.
on board the space
he animals.
(""TASS Report,"
Conditions Aboard Second Space Ship-Satellite
The following is a full translation of an article appearing in
the 20 August 1960 issue of Pravda on conditions aboard the second
animal-carrying Soviet satellite.
According to the initial results o processing of t the telemetr c
data transmitted from the space ship-satellite the equipment installed
on board is functioning normally. The transmissions of the "'Signal""
transmitter installed aboard the satellite are being positively received
by receivers located at numerous points.
The pressure, temperature, composition and humidity of the air
in the cabin are maintained within the limits of established norms.
During the entire period of orbiting the air temperature in the cabin
has been maintained at approximately 20 degrees Centigrade and 760 mm
pressure.
CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT ,
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CPYRGHT
'I'ho duW of llwafm-omu Ito raf p.hyu,iolur-icn.l prirwrmet,or'rf
(:harau. Ler Ez tag the i I t. h,w c.,f' Lho un Lnuil i ind Leatr, -that they uati.gufac-
tarily ;ic:trvived the pool d of lrtunc:ttinl. and entori.ng into orbit of the
upucu uh.ij)-11at 1c Litn. Thr:, puaue of the dog; "Strn is &' prior to launch-
ing; was 9U, and frequency of t'eupirntto i wrra 60. During the period of
entry into orb.tt its pu.lue rou< to 160 nd rc'upl.ration rose to 125.
After one and one-half' hourrl Ito puloe 'in t'? and rorapiration 2/,.
The pulse rate of' the dog "Bulks. before launching was 75, and
respiration rate, was 24, During the po iod of entry into orbit its
pu.1.ao rose to 150 and its respiration r ur to 21,0. After one nnd one-
hrll t' hours its pulse rate win ?2 and it respiration rate was 12.
The data ind.tc,Lte that during Cl. ght in orbit under conditions
of weightlessness the phyuiologicnl fun Lions of animals are normalized.
Dnagen of the animals, also indicating ormalization of physiological
functions, are received through the tel vision system. The taking of
food by the animals also ;ire rcr;iotered.
On the basin of moaeurc;enent of t e elements of its orbit the
rtpace ship-satellite has the following aluos, pcar.iod of revolution
? 0.7 minutes, altitude of prr igeo 306 k lomc'ters, altitude of apogee
340 kilometers, and incl:Lnrxtion of orbi from the equritorial plane
64 degrees 57 minutes.
Observatiorin the g
("Motion of' the Second Soviet Space Ship-Satellite," unsigned, Pravda,
20 August 1960, page 1)
Amateurs Receive Spare Signals
The following is a full translation of an article appearing in
the 20 August 1960 issue of Pravda, on re^.ept.ion of signals from the
second Soviet animal-carrying satellite.
Leningrad, 19 uru I.. , By telephone.) As soon as the news of
the launching into orbit f the uFcond hoard ship was announced over
the radio tens of Leningr d radio amateurs turned to their receiving
sets. First to receive t e signals of the space sh.tp of 9 points
intensity at a frequency f 19.995 raga yc;l.eu ware the DOSAAF radio
station attendants on dut at that time-. 1. V, Fil.ippov and M. M.
Novi.kov. The signals war received immediately aft(-,rwrtrd by I. N.
Zhuchenko, engineer of th Elecl,rctechntral :nstitute of Communica-
tions imeni M. A. Vonah-13 uevich radio mwO;e-ars V '
IM. D. OsIpov. and ol.hers_ ("Space Ship Signals Re 'e i.ved, "" unsigned
Pravda, 20 August 1960, page 6)
Hungarians Stick By Claim
To Have Sec.n Soviet. Rocket Hit Moon
Laszlo Detre blames incorrect. press reports for the fact that
doubts arose concerning the Hungarian observation of the lunar impact
of Lunik II. He notes that publication number 45 of the Astronomical
Observations Institute (.".,sillagvizsgalo Intezet) of the Hungarian
CPYRGHT
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A'.jtrlevr y of So. ic'noun owit, i I. I t.rtt,?'~l it n. t't'tf l,ri 1 rr+per-t on. thtr ll;.uig!tr.inn
()k io. r vii ti ono. ld iri Eir. riliruit," rtr'. t t r.i revir!wt4 1.h t., rcr fort fpr tho Hun-
(;r,r in rr publ in.
Mi.k.i.ori Luv'au and 13i1n hainzn tognn vbnervett,irmri at 205$ hours
*}rl.cl Tirne unirig are l8 ? riL mnt,er? (~~)rJMft rt3t"r?r;1;r,~'i< Sha.rt.ly before
,!'100 he urn they worn jolnc ci by l)r, .u1, to 1\rrl.qz~r find in MT:1: (Hungarian
.i)rc;rui t.iorv Ico) ropre ti' ntative. 'M)n C.t.rrit, rtit orvntion wars rondo just
o f tc r 21.0200 hours tit whioh time 1,oviui ono t iger rrn oxpund ing black
point. His rolleagttl.n, tan.t.ng th.ii ruLtun tnrttranini t ?a.y turns, verified
that the repot wan expnndlnf;? The b:larh'. ;poJnt t,~~tttnn gr, iy'tcs it ex-
panded, retaining its rsircular shape for on-- m.1 mle, n. bright point
appeared to the south of the center of' th. repot anti 'is the spot ex-
panded it (the apot) c+longated a little toward the narth. Within 4
minutes the spot had lost its dc,finito contour sand the bright point
bad d1oappeared. At 2108 h.cutra Kriro.ly'lcfferth beg9.n to observe the
phonomnnon with a 30 cent,avieter ZvLn&i rer'rar,,tor. Acccrrdtng to his the
faint spot was vtalblo until 2.115, TASS etcr?:seaquent'Ly reported that
the radio signals of the rocket, ended at 2i('2r,14 hours.,
The spot appeared north ri' the Appen.i.nart In the Mare Imbrium,
The confusion among the Budapest observers caused by differences be-
tween the photographic and the v.ioual appearance of this area, made
the location of.' the spot, on locally available standard photographs,
uncertain within limits of 20-30 k.t;lcmeterri. The coordinates decided
on were plus .024 and plus .43b (1;itlni; the ot;L.tn of the :international
Astronomical Union", but this wag hq.: e4 on 'th'i bol.ir.?f of one of the
observers that the bright point had hekn .tiruied by a small crater visi-
ble on the Mt. Wilson photograph of the area., tin. hypothesis later re-
?f ectec' .
Marton #11, of the Baja (Hungary) absnrvatcir', located the spot
much more precisely. Iii had observed the fraot tit 23.03 hours using
the Baja 26-centimeter Newtr,n rcefl.ec:tor which was coupled to a 10-
centimeter refractor. M0 .42y Bort)?ei obeer.ved 4he, Fpet through, this
refractor. 1:11's description of the phen:t onnn t; i.11AP. s with that of
the Budapest observers; he was able to see th spot until about 2115
hours. He gave the coordinates as plus .03 and plus .45, about 25
kilometers northwest of that decided on in Budapest.
Detr.o's article then d.isr.usnea other cr:lr ged observations of
the impact, especially a photogr. apb. taken by E Tengstram, using the
Markowitz camera of the Uppsela geodr?ti(-, .institute,. A spot on this
photograph exactly coincides with cccrd :n[ttes given by Marton Ill.
Detre also c1n ims that the IhLrigar ;!.cin rohservnt.:iens f.ft in well. with
Soviet results /as published by TASS, 20 Septembr;r 1.959). This indi-
cates that the Hungarian ohsrr: vations were of the Impact of the instru-
ment package, and not the rocket. The nr,gctrom photographs show
another spot inside the Mantlius crater which may have been caused by
the rocket impact.
Detre hypothesizes that the instrument paoki ge broke a thin wall
of a lunar cavity and that escaping saner caunnd the dust aloud.
("Optical Observation of the Impact of the Second, Soviet L':nar Rocket"
by Laszlo Detre, Budapest, Marjir Tu'fcitnery, .;ul,,/ 1960, pages 391-395)
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CPYRGHT
L, T, ,9ndov Addrnnnan Antroimution Cant?tom
The following in a uomploto translation of an article appearing
in the 16 Auguut 1960 ionuo of Pravda on the Stocidiolm congress of the
International Federation of Astronauts.
,,oc o ., _, August The congro a of the International
Federation of Astronauts (IFA) opened today at toekholm. Attending
the congress wore 800 dologatos and guests from 33 countries.
The opening address of the congress was ivon by President of
the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences Professor 0. Lindblad. Acadomi-
cian L. I. Sodov, president of the IFA, appealo to participants at
the congress in a long upooch.
We live in an epoch of groat scientific d technical progress,
said L. I. Sedov. The achievements of science d technology have a
groat influence upon the life and interrelation Lips of peoples. Only
three years have passed since the beginning of a space ago. They
have boon marked by heroic achievements in acie o and technology.
Many artificial satellites of the earth have be launched, remarkable
flights have boon made to the vicinity of the M n, now planets, made
by man, have been placed in orbit around the S .... Experimental re-
search work is in full owing, and is being cond ted in over-increasing
volume. New designs of rockets for flights to a Moon, Venus, Mars
and other planets may be considered with the ut st confidence to be
realized within the years of the immediate fut .
The task of the return of satellites to a Earth has been placed
on the agenda of the day, continued Academician . I. Sedov. Experi..
manta already are being conducted, and we hope r a rapid and success-
ful solution. In this connection, the flight o man into space and his
subsequent return to the Earth may be resolved, the near future. As
in. other fields of science and technology, note L. I. Sedov, complete
international cooperation also is of essential inportance in astronau-
tics. This evident statement is supported by t scientific organiza-
tions and governments of various states.
L. I. Sedov emphasized that the main tad of the IFA is the
strengthening of international contacts, and the
e ("Congress of the
International Federation of Astronautics," unsigned, Pravda, 16 August
1960, page 4)
Explanation of Photorraphn of Opposite Side of Moon
An article by B. Koltovoy, special correspondent for Izvestiya,
in the 18 August 1960 issue, summarizes the description by Professor
A. Mikhaylov of the Soviet satellite photographs of the opposite side
of the Moon before the International Congress of Astronauts.
Negatives of the photographs of the opposite side of the Moon,
taken in October 1959 by a Soviet satellite, were processed independ
ently at the astronomical observatory of the Kharkov State University,
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the Pulkovukaya obuorvatory near Leningrad, and the Astronomical Tnuti-
Lute imoni Shbarnborg at Moucow, and the results were compared. To
eliminate errors originating in tranumiusion of the photographs, the
method of interpretation used involved obtaining many photometric coc-
tionu of each negative at various levels of its density. This produced
251 catalogued details, approximately 100 of which are in the region
visible from the Earth, 191 loss noticeable details which appeared on
only two of the negatives, and 57 features which either appeared on
only one negative, or were very poorly distinguiuhabl.o. Professor
Mikhaylov cited many hypothooos explaining the difference between the
two video or the Moon an not duo to external causes. ("Main Theme
-- The Moon," by B. Koltovoy, Izvestiya, 18 August 1960, page 4)
Problems and Possibilities of Spare Flight
A group of articles under a single title appears in a recent
issue of Znaniye-Sila, in which six authors give their views on vari-
ouu aspects of the flight of man into space.
A. Anitriyov, on pages 30 and 31, discusses the prnbl.em of the
enormous diutancoa involved in interstellar flight and human physiology,
and of the type of engine to be used.
V. Smigla evolves hie argument from pages 31 to page 33 to the
effect that a photon-powered rocket is a fantastic impossibility.
A. Anitriyev, on pages 34 and 35, answers the arguments of V.
Smigla against a photon rocket, through utilization of a "magnetic
mirror" for photon propulsion.
On pages 35 and 36 M. Karev discusses the problems of overcom-
ing contact with matter and radiation in space, which is answered by
A. Anitriyev on page 37 with an explanation of how the effects of radi-
ation in space may be overcome.
A. Chudakov discusses the optimal speed of space flight and
protection against meteorites on pages 37 and 38.
On pages 38 through 40 R. Perel'man and K. Stanyukovich give an
ovs.r-all optimistic argument for the possibilities of a photon rocket
and for protection against the hazards of space flight. ("We May
Wager the Date Has Been Set," authors as indicated, Znaniye-Sila, No.
7, 1960, pages 30-l,0)
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III. UPPCR ATMOSPHERE
Rndiolocation of Meteoritoa
The authors of a 2-1/2-page article in Izobretatel' i Ratuionali-
zator describe the working principle o:: n. radio locating device for re-
cording meteorites which was first used during the International Geo-
physical Year and which continues its useful work. The device was
developed by V. Taocovich, B. L. Kachcheyev, B. S. Dudnik, I. A.
Lysenko, Yo. I. Fialko, F. I. Peregudov, K. V. Kostylev and Yu. A.
Loshchilov, who also have solved many theoretical problems of investi-
gation of the formation of an ionized track. As a meteorite enters
the atmosphere it ionizes the ionosphere along its path. This ionized
track reflects radio waves longer than 10 to 12 meters transmitted to-
ward the sky by the device, and the interval and strength of the re-
flected impulse on a cathode tube, indicating the altitude of the
meteorite are photographed automatically. Measurement of the speed
of meteorites requires additional components for detecting changes in
the signal. ("Falling Star Hunters," by V. Burov and L. Tsesarkin,
Izobretatel' i Ratsionalizator, No. 4, 1960, pages 14-21)
Study on the Distribution of Meteors According, to Velocities
The problem of determining the distribution of meteor bodies
according to velocities is considered in some detail in an ar'icle by
Ye. I. Fialko, Tomsk Polytechnic Institute imeni S. M. Kirova, in a
recent issue of Astronomicheskiy Zhurnal. Fialko makes these conclu-
sions: The distribution of meteor bodies according to velocities is
essentially different from the distribution of meteor bodies according
to velocities which are measured by the radar method. This is due to
the lower sensitivity of the radar method to slow meteors. The average
velocity of meteor bodies is lower than the average velocity of meteors
according to the results of radio measurements. It is possible to
assume that the relative number of meteor bodies with geocentric veloci-
ties equal or greater than 72 km/sec is extremely small, however in
order to confirm this, a careful study of faint meteors in a wide range
of velocities is needed. ("0n the Distribution of Meteor Bodies Accord-
ing to Velocities," by Ye. I. Fialko, Moscow, Astronomicheskiy Zhurnal,
Vol. 37, No. 2, 1960, pages 354-356)
Curving Path of Meteors Confirmed for First Time by Photographs
Photographic confirmation of the curvature of the path of some
meteors during their motion through the Earth's atmosphere was obtained
recently for the first time. The occasion is reported by M. D. Popova,
Sector of Astronomy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, in the latest issue
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A:trfmcrtchP.:tk1Y %,hurrltli. From the microb-rtttr1 it w