SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION

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• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 27, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 26, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

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SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
December 26, 1958
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Office of Technical Services
Washington 25, D. C.
Published Weekly from February 114, 1958, to January 2, 1959
Subscription Price $10000 for the Series
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NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS
Soviet Bloc International Geophysical Year Information will
continue publication throughout 1959.
Your current subscription expires January 2, 1959.
If you wish to receive this weekly publication through 1959,
please address an order to OTS, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25,
D. C., and enclose a check or money order for $12.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information on Soviet Bloc
International Geophysical Year activities selected from foreign-
language publications as indicated in parentheses. It is pub-
lished as an aid to United States Government research.
SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
Table of Contents
I. Upper Atmosphere
II. Meteorology
III. Gravinletry
IV. Seismology
V. Geology
VI. Glaciology
VII. Oceanography
VIII. Arctic and Antarctic
Page
1
- a -
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Theory of Scattering of Sunlight in the Atmosphere
Methods for an approximate solution of basic equations on the scat-
tering of light in an isotopically scattering atmosphere were developed,
and the results of a numerical solution of the problem with different
values of the physical parameters were presented in a monograph by Ye. S.
Kuznetsov and B. V. Obuinskiy L'Resultaty Ch:.slennogo Resheniya Integral'-
nogo Uravneniya Teorii Rasseyaniya Sveta v Atmosfere" (Results of the
Numerical Solution of an Integral Equation of the Theory of the Scatter-
ing of Light in the Atmosphere) Tr. Geofiz, In-ta., No 4, 19497
The optical characteristics of a real atmosphere are changed with
altitude and especially rapidly with time. It was deemed necessary to
obtain a solution of the problem on the scattering of light in the
atmosphere with more general suppositions concerning the laws of scatter-
ing than were made in the above-mentioned monograph.
Raschet Yarkosti Sveta v Atmosfere pri Anizotrgpnom Rasseyanii,
Chast' I (Calculation of the Brightness of Light in the Atmosphere in
the Presence of Anisotropic scattering, Part I) is regarded by the
authors as an attempt for a certain approximation to real conditions for
the propogation of light in the Earth's atmosphere and an attempt to
explain to what extent it is necessary to calculate nonasotropic scatter-
ing. The work was conducted in the Institute of the Physics of the
Atmosphere of the Academy of Sciences USSR by a collective of associates
of the Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics. The work contains the results
of the calculation of the intensity of sunlight scattered in the atmos-
phere for the case of anisotropic scattering with different physical
parameters and scattering functions. The solution of integral-differ-
ential equations for a theory of the transmission of radiation in an
anisotropically scattering medium was obtained by the method of succes-
sive approximations.
In the work, only part of the calculations embracing the most char-
acteristic cases of the optical state of the atmosphere is presented.
The remainder of the material and. also tables of the coefficients of
fogginess and certain applications for aerial surveying and the theory
of visibility will be given in the second part of the work. ("Raschet
Yarkosti Sveta v Atmosfere Pri Anizotropnom Rasseyanii, Chast' I.)by
Ye. M. Feygel'son, M. S. Malkevich, S. Ya. Kogan, T. D. Koronatova,
K. S. Glazove, and M. A. Kuznetsova; Moscow, Trudy Institute Fiziki
Atmosfery Akademii Nauk SSSR, No 1, 198)
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Study on Distribution of Stara in Fhiotoplate Emulsions
The distribution of stars in the plane of an emulsion was studied
by a statistical method. The relationship of the distribution to the
height above sea level, the atomic number of the absorber and the num-
ber of rays of the selected stars were obtained. The possible mechanism
of the formation of near star pairs is discussed. Investigation of the
3fsultaneous formation of previously selected nearby stars showed that
the statistical method gives only the upper limit of the value of the
observed effect.
It was found that the distribution of stars for small distances
(up to one millimeter) differed from Poisson's distribution. The effect
connected with many-rayed stars also increases with height above sea
level. The magnitude is practically nondependent on the absorber's atomic
number. Investigation of the simultaneous formation of nearby stars
leads to the conclusion that their genetically connected media is smaller
than obtained in the statistical study of the effect. The supposition
that "connected stars" are formed by collimate showers is not experimen-
tally supported. The mutual location of stars and the orientation of their
rays gives qualitative evidence of the genetic connection of stars in a
number of cases. ("Investigation of the Spatial Distribution of Nuclear
Disintegrations by the Thick-Plate Method," by A. A. Loktionov, V. I.
Stafeyev, and Zh. S. Takibayev; Alma-Ata, Vestnil: A1:ademii Nauk Kazakhskoy
SSR, No 10, Oct 58, pp l.9-59)
Small Atmospheric Oscillations and Adaptations of the Meteorological 1~ie?d
A general classification of the principal types of dynamic processes
in the atmosphere (horizontal vortex movements, gravitational and acous-
tical waves) is given on the basis of the solution of the problem of
snail oscillations of a baroclinic atmosphere. A general form o;.' invariant
is found, with the aid of which a stationary state of the atmosphere can
be calculated with arbitrary initial data, without analyzing the wave
processes causing a changeover of the field. The "filtering" role of the
quasistatic approach is explained: it "filters out" internal acoustical
eves and somewhat increases the frequency of gravitational Craves. It
is particularly shown that the time for establishing a quaslstatic equi-
librium in the atmosphere consists of only several minutes. ("Snail
Oscillations of the Atmosphere and Adaptations of Me teorolord c&. Fields,"
by A. S. Morin and A. M. Obul:Liov, Institute of the Physics of the Earth,
Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Izvestiya Akadem??i Natd.: USSR, Seriya
Geofizicheskaya, No 11, Nov 58, pp 1360-1373).
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Czechoslovak Radar Clincuetar
A type of clinometer deasignat%,d as the "TNR" has been installed at
the Ruzyme Air Field in Prague. The instrument measures the height of
clouds frcon 70 to 1,500 meters with a precision of about 10 meters. The
instrument is a pulse radar consisting of a transmitting-receiving unit,
a control mechanism, az'.d a measuring case. At the airfield, this instru-
ment has been supplemented with a remote control device and an instrument
for recording the n-z!asured values. ("Cloud Measurer at Air Field;"
Prague, Zemecleiske Noviny, 26 Oct 58) p 4)
Effect of Inclination on Gravimeter Null Point
A shifting of the null point of GAB gravimeters during field opera-
tions when the instruments were transported by plane was thought to be
due to the inclined position of the gravimeters in their containers during
transport. It was theorized that the nonlinearity of the null shifting
during the working day arose as a result of inclination, since it was
possible that additional bending and stretching tensions arose or that
there occurred a separation of the alcohol and water in which the quartz
system is immersed.
For verifying this theory, Observations were conducted with two
SN-3 gravimeters in the gravimetric laboratory of the Moscow Institute
of Engineers of Geodesy, Aerial Surveying, and Cartography.
Both gravimeters were inclined in a vertical plane passing through
the thread of the quartz system at au angle of 3-5 degrees the evening
prior to the observations. The next morning, the instruments were placed
in a normal position, after which regular readings were made every 20-30
minutes for 8-10 hours. Several such experiments were conducted. Results
of the observations were in agreement in the different experiments with
both instruments.
Shifting of the null point was inversely proportional to the square
root of the time from the be ri rg cf the experiment.
Further observations were conducted by V. N. Karikova and A. I.
Morozova in a broadened program using 4 SIT-3 gravimeters. Certain regu-
larities were established which were characteristic for all four gravi-
meters.
-3-
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The investigations did not determine the true _?enuon for the after-
effect of inclination, but did estab1 i h a corrc~'.ation of the inclination
with the nonlinearity of null shifting and made the following conclusions
possible:
1. The SN-3 grav:Uietor must be kept in a near-horizontal position
(if possible within 2 degrees) while being transported or during the
intervals between trips.
2. In the aftereffects of gravimeter 1.:.1c?.:i na':ons of 3 degrees and
more, observations made in the first 1 -2 1--.ours after ch::wuing' the instru-
ment from the inclined to normal position haire .leso refight than subsequent
observations.
3. Investigation of null shifting while the instrument is in the
inclined position is of great prec t-1.cv. in`.cr?est irr connection with the
use of a method of graduating gravimeters by i_zc' i?mt:tor:.
1.. For an explanation of the true reasons for the aftereffects of
inclination (redistribution of thread tennion, sepziration of liquids, or
any other), the experimental investigation oy this phenomena in the Nor-
grad and other quartz thread gravimeters is of in,erest. It is expedient
in these investigations to explain the effect of the consequences of
inclination at angles of more than 15 degree" (up to 90 deg-sees), and
also the consequences of long inclination is the plane. perJ)e:1dic1L1,ar to
the thread of the quartz system. ("Shifting of the FT u'+1 Polst of the
SN-3 Gravimeter as a Result of inc inwtion," by P. F. Shok?inn, Moscow
Institute of Engineers of Geodesy, Aerial Su-vey.'?.ng and Cartography; Mos-
cow, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Se:_iya Geo:~ _z_.che:f,:aya, Ho .il, Nov 58
PP 1399-1I01).
Use of Earthquake In Density Scale in USSR Stations
The first experience in the USSR of using the e,rr-%hciuake inbensity
scale M (magnitude) which was first introduceu. into se:'.mr_ic practice by
K. Richter and B. Gutenberg, was In 1953, when. work uas begun ou? the
compilation of a seismic atlas for the USSR.
The term "magnitude of an earthquake" cannot be translated into
the Russian language literal-l y, so on the suggest un of ire. F. Savaren-
skiy, the term "intensivnost' ze etryaseia ya" (imteusity of an earth-
quake) is employed. The latter correspoudir to the Russ .an term, "ball' -
nost' zemletryaseniya."
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The magnitude of an earthquake is determined in the USSR on the basis
of the surface waves only.
M, z jg b. - ig ('..r1.) (1)
T T
where A is the maximum displacement of the soil in surface waves,, end
T is the period of the waves corresponding to it (for different epicentral
distances and for earthquakes ofd.ifftroit intensity T values of approxi-
ma`.;ciy 2 up to 3 seconds can be accepted); and
M=1gA-1g,A
(2)
hhe A represents the same quantity as In formula (1), are more suitable
than Lutenberg's formula.
M = lg A.20 ?? lg A20 ~ C t D,
lg A20 = -1, 818 -1, 656 lg A?, 15? -130?, (3)
where A,, is the maximum displaceme:t of the soil (in microns) in surface
waves wi?h a period of 20 seconds, C is the station correction, and D is
the correction depending on the d;pths of the focus and other earthquake
parameters. This formula Cl utenberg' 7 could not be used, since, for a
large number of distant earthquakes, seismic stations: i:a the USSR did not
register waves with a period of 20 seconds.
The equation
MA - MA,/T o.o5(M-6) (4)
(here MA/T is the value of the intensity dstermined according to (1),
and M , according to (2), gives the statistical correlation between
these'wo -ethods of magnitude determination. No corrections to M are
used. This, says Solov'yev, Institute of the Physics of the Earth
Academy of Sciences USSR, author of the article, is probably the main rea-
son for the systematic discrepstcy bet ,er the values of M published in
Soviet bulletins and in bulletins of other countries. It has been found
that the coast stations on the Pacific ocean, when compared with other
USSR stations, give too smaJ1 values of M for Pacific ocean earthquakes,
especially for those of the Kp_- chatka-Japan region.
A preliminary study indicates that the negative values of the dif-
ferences M at the Far East stations are characteristic for the earth-
quakes of the Kuril-Kamchatka zone. and for the majority of the other
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seismic zones of the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, the difference in
M-values for continental earthquakes are observed, on the average, to be
the opposite. ("Some Results of the Application of the Earthquake Inten-
sity Scale in USSR Seismic Stations)" by S. L. Solov'yev, Institute of the
Physics of the Earth, Academy of Sciences USSR; Prague, Studia Geophysica
et Geodaetica, Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, No 1, 1958, pp 40-45).
Apatiti Station Conducts Studies on Seismicity in Arctic
The seismic station p.patiti of the Kola Affiliate of the Academy of
Sciences USSR participates, in the IGY program by conducting studies on
the seismicity of the Arctic. Toward the beginning of observations, the
station was transferred into a specially constructed building and was
equipped with the most newest instruments making it possible to conduct
complete observations of earthquakes and microseisms. Installed i:i the
station are a set of general type D. P. Kirnos system instruments and a
net of regional type D. A. Kharin system instruments which make around-
the-clock recordings possible.
Results of observations are regularly transmitted to the scientific
centers in Moscow and Leningrad. Materials of the work of the seismic
station are published in a special publication, "Bulletin of Earthquakes
and Microseisms," once every 6 months. ("In the Kola Affiliate of the
Academy of Sciences USSR,"; Petrozavodsk, Izvestiya Karel'skogo I
Kol'skogo Filialov Akademii Nauk SSSR, No 1, 1947: pp 119-120)
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Heat Conductivity of the Earth's Mantle
A detailed study of the coefficient of the heat conductivity of the
Earth's mantle is made in an article which appears in a Soviet scientific
periodical. The coefficient of heat conductivity for the mantle is formed
from the lattice part, caused by the usual mechanism of heat conductivity
in crystals -- by diffusion of thermal excitations of phonons, and the
radiant portion, caused by the transfer of heat by infrared electromagnetic
oscillations.
A formula giving the relationship of temperature and pressure was
obtained for the coefficient of heat conductivity of the lattice portion.
For deriving coefficients of heat conductivity of the radiant portion a
general gas kinetic formula was used. ("Coefficient of Heat Conductivity
of the Earth's Mantle," by V. N. Zharkov, institute of the Physics of
the Earth, Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR,
Seriya Geofizicheskaya, No 11, Nov 58, pp 1342-1350
Book on Modern Glaciation on Zailiyskiy Alatau
A monograph by N. N. Pal'gov, contains the Fharacteristics of modern
glaciation on the Zallyskiy Alatau mountain range, and a description of
large and small glaciers. In it are given for the first time, the full
nature of modern glaciation in its interrelation with surrounding physico-
geographical conditions; the uniformity of glacier thawing from meteoro-.
logical factors (mainly from the temperature of the air) are established;
the problems of glacier discharge and its role in feeding rivers in dif-
ferent reGions of the flow and in different periods of time; the magnitude
and extent of the mountain's glaciers and the latter's influence on river
discharge; the balance of the most investigated glaciers, etc., are ex-
plained. Many manifestations of the life-activity of glaciers are Tep-
resented by mathematical formulas expressing this or that relationship
to natural factors.
The book is based on materials collected by different explorers,
including the author himself, who has been engaged in the study of glacier
data for 30 years. (Sovremenno a Oledeneniye v Zaili skom Alatau (Modern
Glaciation in Zailiyskiy Alatau by N. N. Pal'gov, Alma Ata, 1959; re-
viewed in Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoy SSR, No 10, Oct 58, p 99)
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Organization of Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences USSR
"In connection with the decree of the Council of Peoples Commissars
USSR of 24 December 1945, the Academy of Sciences USSR in January 1946
reorganized the Laboratory of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences USSR into
the Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences USSR.
The Presidium cf the Academy of Sciences USSR determined the fol-
lowing:
CPYRGHT
"The basic aims of the Institute of Oceanology shall be to develop
the theoretical problems of oceanology, to conduct research on the oceans
and seas on the supposition that there is a singular occurrence in seas
and oceans of physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes,
and to conduct s ecial research on the roblem of the fluctuation of the
level of the Caspian Sea. Through these studies and its special organi- C PYRG HT
zation, the Institute of Oceanology is capable of conducting studies on
all facets of oceanology. It is through this that the institute differs
from other specialized scientific establishments concerned with oceano-
logy. It is well-known that the Maritime Hydrophysical Institute, Academy
of Sciences USSR, is studying only physical processes; the State Oceano-
graphic Institute of the Main Administration of Gidrometsluzhe is studying
only hydrometeorological phenomena, and the All-Union Institute of Marine
Fish Economy and Oceanography is studying only icthyological and biologi-
cal problems.
There is, however, necessity for a complex study of both specific
regions of the ocean or seas and the study of the combined influences of
physical, chemical, and biological phenomena and processes.
Therefore, the organization of the institute has the following di-
visions and laboratories:
Division of Physical Oceanography (Otdel Fizicheskoy Okeanografii),
Prof A. V. Dobrovol'skiy, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, head of di-
vision.
Laboratory of Marine Meteorology (Laboratoriya Morskoy Meteorologii),
D. A. Drogaytsev, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, head of laboratory.
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F,? oratory o' the macs of the Sea (Laboratoriya Dinamiki Morya),
Prof V. B. Shtokman, Doctor of Physicomathematical Sciences, head of
laboratory.
Chemical Division (Khimicheskiy Otdel), Prof S. V. Bruyevich, Doctor
of Chemical Sciences., head of division.
Laboratory of Bottom and Shore Topography (Laboratoriya Rel'yefa Dna
i Beragov) Prof V. P. Zenkovich, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, head of
laboratory.
Laboratory of Bottom Deposits (Laboratoriya Donnykh Otlozheniy) Prof
? P. L. Bezrukov, Doctor of Ceologico-mineorological Sciences, head of
laboratory.
Laboratory of Planktons (Laboratoriya Planktona), Prof P. I. Usachev,
Doctor of Biological Sciences, head of laboratory.
Laboratory of Benthos (Laboratoriya Bentosa), L. A. Zenkevich, Doctor
of Biological Sciences, Corresponding Member of Academy of Sciences USSR,
head of laboratory.
Laboratory of Nektons (Laboratoriya &tktona) Prof T. P. Rass, Doctor
of Biological Sciences, head of laboratory.
Laboratory of Marine Borers and Fouling (Laboratoriya Morsl:ikh Dre-
votochtsev i Obrastaniy), P. 1. Ryabchikov, Candidate of Biological
Sciences, 'head of laboratory.
Division of Marine Engineering (Otdel Morskoy Tekhniki), N. N. Sysoyev,
Candidate of Technical Sciences, head of divisions.
Laboratory of Marine Electronics (Laboratoriya Morskoy Elektroniki),
N. V. Vershinekiy, Cand:; ite of Technical Sciences, head, of laboratory.
The Director of the Institute is Prof V. G. Kort. His deputies are
Prof V. G. Bogorov and N. N. Sysoyev.
The Institute of Oceanology has twlr experimental stations in the
region of Gelendzhik on the Black Sea ".ad another on the Caspian Sea.
The Institute of Oceanology also has five expeditionary ships, the
largest of which is the Vityaz'. This ship has special equipment which
permits it to conduct research in the deepest parts of the ocean, which
is over 10 kilometers. The institute also conducts research on other
ships whi^h belong to various departments.
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The following are the basic problems on which the institute is cur-
rently conducting research:
A. Geography of antarctic waters.
2. Geography of the Pacific Ocean.
3. Transport, -geographical characteristics of Far Eastern waters.
4. General academic problems: the laws of the dynamics of numbers;
the behavior and distribution of fish in connection with conditions of
their existence; which is also partly developed by the Institute of
Oceanology.
5. The institute participates in the development or,problems of
the dynamics of waters and ice of the Arctic; it conducts this work-to-
gether with the Arctic Institute "Glavsevmorput."
6. D-,mamics of sea currents and movements of waters.
7. Geological structure, history, and regularity of deposit forma-
tion in seas and oceans.
8. Processes and regularities in the formation of shore zones of
9. Biology of marine borers and the fouling of ships and hydro-
engineering structures.
10. Development of methods and means for oceanographic research.
The Institute of Oceanology is staffed with 18 doctors of sciences
and 65 candidates of sciences.
The Instl?;u.A.e of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences USSR, conducts re-
search expeditions in the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Antarctic;
it will par,.ie.pate in research of the Atlantic and the North Arctic Ocear.
In addition. the institute operates in the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the
Caspian Sea; the Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Straits.
The majority of work is accomplished jointly with various institutes of
the Academy of Sciences USSR, the Hydrometeorological Service of the USSR,
the fish indur,triea, the Maritime Fleet, and with other departments. The
address or -te institute is Moscow, Zh - 127, Luzhnikovskaya Ulitsa, 8.
("Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences USSR"; Moscow, Byul].eten'
Mezhduvedoumsevennoy Okeanograficheskoy Komissii Pri Prezidiume AN SSSR,
No 1, 1958, pp 21-23)
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viii. ARCTIC AND ANTARC.PIC
Drift, Station Severnyy Po un _7
The ice floe-with t.hh drift station Severnyy Polyus-7 is now drift-
ing about .1,200 kilometers -fyom Nagurskaya, on Zemlya Aleksandra, and 300
kilometers from the North Pole, in the sector between Greenland and the
Sverdrup Islands. There are almost 30 persons wintering at the drift
station. ("On the islands of the Arctic;" Moscow, Izvestiya, 26 Nov 58)
The ice floe carrying the drift station has been greatly reduced
in size since the station wary originally established. The area was for-
merly 3.5 square kilometers and has now been reduced to 750 square meters.
The breakup of the ice continues and new cracks appear from time to time.
At present, the ice floe is drifting over the submarine Lomonosov
Range. The scientists of Severrtyy Polyus-7 have made detailed studies of
the submarine mountain slopes and of the sedimentary rocks on the ocean
bottom. ("In the Center of the Arctic," Moscow, Pravda, 30 Nov 58)
Climate Changes Noticeable in Arctic
At present, a general warming of the climate is being observed on
the Earth, which is especially noticeable in the Arctic. The mass of
arctic ice is gradually moving away to the north. For example, the
Semenovskiy Island, consisting completely of ice, was 15. kilometers
long in 1923, and is now only one kilometer long. The Lyakhovskiye
ice islands are gradually disappearing. In the USSR Arctic sector, the
ice area has been reduced by more than one million square kilometers.
The retreat of alpine glaciers is also a sign of the general warming
process.
A further warning will lead to changes in the continental outlines
and in the geography of the fauna. Birds are now-found in the northern
part of the USSR which were not encountered in those regions before.
Codfish and herring are caught much farther north than in previous years.
The mean annual temperature is gradually rising. Some scientists
confider that the reason for the warming of the climate is an intensi-
fication of solar radiation. Other assume that the rise in temperature
is caused by the burning of large quantities of coal and petroleum, as
a result of which carbon monoxide accumulates in the upper atmosphere,
thus forming a kind of "warm sheath" around the Earth. ("The Warming
of the Climate," Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 19 Sep 58)
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T'asku o ' F._)urI.h An`-,n r_-tic ixpedition
in addition to continuing the extensive explorations in the area of
Mirnyy and a?;; the interior station Vostok, the Fourth Antarctic Expedi-
tion will have the task of cr(unizing a new scientific base on the Coast
of Qu;ee.a Mai:%1 Lavvl. will be established at a distance of over 3,000
kilometers wc::, of the Pravda Coast, about 10 degrees East longitude,
between ",:ie,. l'orwegiun and Belgian south polar bases. The new station
will be named in honor of MikhailLazarev, the Russian navigator.
-The fourth Soviet expedition is traveling to the Antarctic on the
Ob' under Crept A, Dubinin. This ship has already made several voyages
to the Antarctic. A new passenger diesel ship, the Mikhail Kalinin,
under Capt A. Boxodin, is sailing on an Antarctic voyage for the first
time. The ships will carry thousands of tons of freight, including mo-
dern scientific equipment, pi^e.fabricated houses, construction materials,
various other types of ega:pment, food, and fuel. There will be two new
aircraft; one heavy twin-Engine IL-12 and one light angle.-engine AN-2
plane. The IL-i.2 Is equipped with skis made specially to order. The
same kind of sicir are 'being shipped for the other planes of this type
which are now in Mirryy. The aerial detachment will be headed by the
well-known polar pilot, B. Osipov.
T1:.?1 ee r_cw, heavy, o?reranovr caterpillar tractors, called "iihur' -
kovc'oankrl," will be aboard the Ob' I. These vehicles were produced as
a result of a close 3-year cooperation between workers of the Khar' -
kovskiy S.miarknoz plant, and members of Soviet Antarctic expeditions.
Over 100 Soviet polar workers will winter in Antarctica, including
mete orologir~?ts, aerologi.ots, glaciologists, magnetologists, seismologists,
grairimetris1;:;, navigators, radiomen, tractor drivers, physicians,
and inen of 1rduv., l:;.f:,erent professions. Most of then have had a
great; deal of expen ?tence in ,;he Arctic, and many of them have previously
been in
detachment of the continental expedition
headed by V. S'h:,ya,lhov, C:inc.idtrce of Physicomathematical Sciences.
plan to collect m..tcrial for the study of atmospheric circulation and
cl'_mnt~ of the An';arct:ic. and to determine the influence of the glacial
continent c.n "-e gen cal c:.rculation of the atmosphere, with the aim of
improving ir.,~i?tho(:s of weather forecasting.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200470001-1
The g1a~+..o1og'i.nta; dea;t::r!:tincr.;'., be tiled by B,, S,i,vc:1'yt:'r, ))rxrcur of
Geologl.c.ct, -,vi 3.nex"11u;3i~~ft'l. .k;'_e.nccls rind professor of the Moti'cor Sty.;' G-li-
versit,;y,, w11. Cotvi',~ct ft tterian o:" scieni;ific r..certrcI:. s during
the lon(; !, iv.tic, exl)edit-'.on of the Scenic:': po:I..r s,21evtti8ts. Thp
route ir:L li lend 1-hrouF;h the ;,-,tree poles of Arii;arct'ca : tbc, ,-tot ;;:!! geo-?
magnet.tc pole, tc1.e sotx:!:i pole, and the p'::1c of relative in-?
arces#*ibi..lit:; "lilt: ;.rip ot;?t2r a dl.o-ba :ccx of 6,000 k.i.Lt)me~,e.3 i be
made vit.ti ":t1;.ttr'r::wc):artin" wt. r4>naw ve:.:.r,~.t?,,. ~..
!')It- S(,4iu''; t;-: I.orvn'3 `e!II leave 'a:c';UYy Ccnr?'..v In 1,9j9. i1f.~';
montaR .c.? 2
t' 'J7":1C:T'~i' ?. U. 1;G.ii'., ,`~'1 .;o rjac'.`i ? is area of ';.'-?.e T eolrt#t,an?tic
po 3 . ~ tC'i.h:l't .S'i?.:.!! i.a::.L( r', N,-_'11 beCSin in a2'es, be-.'-wc en rsi;9 c ions Wow-
BOirlfjl' #S'!i .~j'!.', rt111' 't':?lt' i!71i:. ~h ,.E V'K! Sig^,'!.r'.k 16.1 be 6i:'7T'ed at u t:L1.
the next " the pea k?
f ~ -iE nlrymb"!rr3 of the vi:l.l,
fly baef: tc; they will .re'ur~:i ':o Vostok, `ro;r. tti'here
the 'c,i v.ii-, wi.:? continue on its w y into V.-in :Lnl er'ior of
the cor.?; .ne:.it;.
.Frur.; p;):la: e.::ptorc:'r's v.:.l.:l. prorced to ?uae #;cr?in3r.'iue t_.cs results of all scieiit1fic ice recorsita.irisarce
conducted by So riot and foreign expeditions . !n pari;ic tar, it may become
possible t,a- solve ?:.~ie basic problem which f.a?te?resi;ia scientists of many
countries at ? ~..L3 t'.ine. i.e.: whether Antarctica is a continent or an
archipelago t_?ov. r'ed by a huge ice A--sp.
Members of the geop?:,s?s3:. al detaczment, headed by Be Bryuneili, Can-
didate of P.t}'..!co-t' :;`?c.c.n'atica? Sciences, will continue their regular
magnetic, iunorspheric, and ceisniia research, as well as observations
of auroras, cosmic rays, and ee.zth currents.
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 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200470001-1
After unl~rLdinE; at the Mirnyy observatory, the crew of the Ob' a-i:i.:
sail to the we&t, to Queen Maud Land. Here the seamen and polar r3 'They Will disembark and will begin to set up the station Lazarev. They
will aooomble two panel houses, a radio station, and an electric puwtr
station and equip an aerological pavilion, meteorological and glacio..
logical observation platforms, and a glaciological laboratory.
The s?;ation L azarev will conduct aerometeorologieal, glaciological,
and geographic research. The new base will be manned by seven persrm3,
headed by Kruchinin, a geographer and associate of %,he Arctic and
Antarctic Scientific Research Institute.
While the station La.arev is under construction, a group of four
scientists, with the help of an AN-2 airplane and a MI-4 helicopter. -w-111
conduct geological and geographical research in the mountain area of
Queen Maud Land. A group of polar scientists, headed by Prof M. Ravish,
Doctor of Geological-Mineralogical Sciences, will take- part in these
investigations. Most of the scientists have already worked in Artarctica.
Aboard the Ob' there are also ice specialists, oceanologists, geo-
physicists, and aero:neteoroiogists. They will conduct scientifi ob-
servations during the long voyage. It is planned to take deepsea oceano-
logical stations in the sections of Queen Maud Land -- South Sandwich
Islands -- South' America -- English Channel. The ice and
hy'dro:~cgl^r.l
detachment will be headed by V. Buynitskiy, a polar explorer who oak
part in the drift. of the steamer Georgiy Sedov.
Together with Soviet scientists, expeditions of the US1A;,+.3?cra l L ,
France, Great Britain, Belgium, Norway, New Zealand, and other cou2a?c s,
will continue scientific research in the Antarctic. As previously, tie
Soviet expedition will maintain contact with the scientists of the ?;;?"> ,
Australia, France, Great Britain, Norway, and other countries. 7'l-eve
is no doubt that the combined efforts of scientists of many count:ri.r
in the study of Antarctica., which was begun successfully during titer-. "X,T .
will be comple? ed with excellent results and will help to solve imp-.) ?-?
taut scientific problems. ("rifle Banner of Science over Antarctica." 'by
A. Dralkin, chief of Fourth Complex Antarctic Expedition; Mos o ; t `? r~r~
Transport, 25 Nov 58)
USCOMM-DC--55631 - 14
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