REVISED TABLE FOR (Sanitized) CONTRIBUTION TO OFFICE WIDE PROJECT 0.12

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T01049A000800140007-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 69
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 21, 2002
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: August 6, 1953
• Content Type: MEMO

2,5X trANDARD Font NO. 64 Approved For Re
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Office Memorandum ? UN1ThLTTATES GOVERNMENT
25X1
TO
TRW t
FROM :
25Xl*
SUBJECT:
25)0
DATE:
6 2u4ust 1953
sea Table f1r I I Contribution to Office Wide Project 0.12
Inclosed is a revised table of Ritimated tISSR Preight Car
1945,1952 to be substituted for the table included in
your copies of the oontribution to 0.12.
5, These revisions are made to bring 1952 inventory into line
with Soviet statement in Oudok, 2 October 1952, that more than half
25X1 the freight oars in use in the USSR are 4,axle cars."
liminary estimate l lindioates that in mlo,1952 the
inventory totaled 5i01000 actual unite.
3. Kindly make the necessary changes in accordance with this
table, in the four copies of text sent to you.
25X1
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Lstimated USSR Freight Car invenvory
1945 - 1952
110o, 31,
Units
1945
1' ,,000
445.000
1946
188 000
435,000
1947
210,000
429,000
1948
240,000
429,000
1949
280,000
435,000
1950
330,000
436.000
1951
380,000
427,000
1952
430,000
418,000
tCREI
Total ketual
Units
Total
( le)
621,000
,Equivalent
797,000
621,000
809,000
639,000
849,000
669.000
909,000
715,000
995,000
706,000
1,096,000
601,000
1,187,000
648.000
1,278 000
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25X1 o14eleasegaLL4- , CIA POApproved F P741-01049A000800140007-1
-?
EST PR!IGIff CA R INVENTORY
19145 1952
176,000
2-axle
unite
188,000
433,000
1914?
210,000
429,000
19148
240,000
1429,000
1949
280,000
1435 000
1950
325,000
I41.5 000
951
370,000
450,000
-1952
1415,000
1450,000
25X1 -51 and I
total
rnit
621,000
621,000
639,000
669,000
715,000
770,000
820,000
etZt000
797,000
809,000
849,000
909,000
995,000
1,095,000
1,190,000
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80,000
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USSR LOCOHOTIVE INVENTORY
1945 - 1952
1945
25,300
93
25,638
. 1946
25,600
110
26,05
1947
26,200
26,716
948
27,200
426
27,851
1949
28,500
536
365
290401
50
38,500
706
541
31,753
51
32,000
92].
755
33,676
1952
33,500
1,201
984
35,685
SOURC E: CFR 19.-5)
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c._asp in Transportation and in TralTic-
duetris In the Fifth Five Plan
The foUowing inc
are estimated for 1950 and 1957, &own as index
numbers, with aqua 100:
Rail transportation
(includin Defense)
134
139
Jan
$6
1414
.tneportati from 1950 performance and 1955 plan data.
and agriculture from NIE-65.
243
181.
131.
While a weighted averace of the index numbers for industry and agriculture
stow a omewhat Lreater percsntae increase between 1950 and 1957 than that for
railroad transportation, the difference s might be well within the margin of error
of the data.
The increases in planned railroad traffic conpared
in tx*ffic-roducini industries in the Fifth Five Tear
,e it 13 a major
pear to be consis
transportation policy to reduce the
proportion of total traffic handled by railroads. Completion of the
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I ay pidt shifting to water transportation some traffic wicii
d by rail, resulting an increase in the proportion of total traffic
rig by water by the end of the Fifth Five Tear ,lan.
Reduction of Lon Rail 1iauls in tte USSR
As stated earlier, average length of freight haul by railroad in 1952
d with the planned goal of 690 kms. for 1950. The fact
Of 15OYifl freicht for the
attainable. Ave
the 1950 goal may be pertly this to the necessity
r a1thot01 it appears that the 1250: p-
d sharply from 794 kms. in
to 710 kms. in 1947, which, if projected graphically, would easily have permitted
attaining the:1950 goal of 690 kms, However, in 1948 - length of haul
jumped to 724 a
developnt of t
727 and 710 kms,
though
0 kn& in 1947 was too low to properly sustain the
economy, and from 1947 to 1952 it has fluctuated between 25X1
Should the 1en4th of hziul continue stable as it has during the 1947-52 period,
it would. indkate
/difficulty in adequately sutatnin the development of the Soviet ecenow with. a
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cantly lover length of haul, as a result particularly of the dispersal
Let industry, -which requires lorw hauls of raw materials end finished
s. ID, at the awa tiTAs, tonnage continues to increase, the result
demand on the freight car perk, Which would reuirs either
efficiency
?ilisetion of the existing ov.rable perk, or an
1 operable park.
continuous presvure for improve-
cy of use of freiJt. cars in the post war period, it seems wt-
er
s in these factors can be sade In
period. Therefore, it will be necessary to continue
to increase U a operable freight ear park to handle the increa,ed
resulting from an increase In tonnage and a sperhaps increasing)
average length of haul. To sustain continued 1rowth in tonnaCS of rail freight
under such conditions would require annui production of freightcars at approxi-
mate1 the care as at present.
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4... CC
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grBFIET
"111111P'
19
ated in broad
191S has para
the history of the electric
of all other nations
of
n the r
148
both demand and
trend. he the rate of-
conterciated by
h Five Tear
did not prevent the attainment of the Plan goal for
tion? in fact, it WA exceeded by about 10 percent
At the mid-point of
h Five Tear Plan it appeare that the production
in closely approxLated, oven though there is some doubt as
f the projects specifically nadin the fifth
Tear PI= is folly up to
damaged facilities in
of 21.4 million kirk an
Russia. The 1950
ge11
Skqtri
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oorres1
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'?r- gag
fjet for the fifth
,tlan is of almost the eitsCe
pereentaecrise, c!nce the 1n rovislon. Is "c) increase the Total capacik, of
(leotric stations an -re7(19atc,, ova
tinos,n
or hydro-electric etatio.ls three
A fulfillment of the fourth 7ive Year Plan capacity goal (22,4 million kw)
would have meant the a&ition, either by rehabilitation or now construction, of U.?
liicn Icw of reneratini: capacity, or an average of tout 2,$ million kw per ye
In the fifth Five Year Tian, the average
eeition, for a 100 ,ercent increase
null*ar to be abciut 14.5 .1.1.111.:Lort 1:11,*
? 4+. a A. .1,
Tx.)073 firret's are de
an rough onli, as the:j arc theoretical tc the extentha
the assumption that the electric capacity of both 1ve Tear
-3, on
111 reach
complete fulfillment, Tem may have bcim ashort-fall of posai'A4y 10 percent in the
fourth Five Year Plan, an there is no convincing evidence that the fifth Plan-ache-
Oules are being fully met.
Uovever, it is felt that the capacity target for 1955 ic not beyond hope of
an6 shou1o. it fall ohort by as much as 10 - 12 percent, it would still be
zxyccible to reach the production i:7091 by truch :;-ctllods at longer hov.a iftwe of vo's
atink7
operatinv nethodc, and reduction of losses, Tt ampeare that
the ovieto have allowed suMeient lcewgy betvleca the targeti for oapacity and
don .o attain the la
.tekl*
en thaaLL the former ary not be fally aocomAithod,
7rierly) -Lhio e-taIcent IL bane on on the fact that to obtain Plan produttien in 1955
it would be necessary to oerate Plan capacity aboLt 36C0 hours par year, or a1it7ht1y
*Stepenent i orat ed to an an inareaao of IOC) peroont*
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over40 percent of the
a oountry hav
ing 8% of
The fifth v Tear Plan
SECRET
of hours in a
.!-developed industxhl.al eco:
17) and air:, increase
3
C eatio
a co ed to 1950. it i cctiated thathydro stations,
capacity of 2.0-2.25
1
amount is detailed in the Plan, namine Kubyshev
the Kama, Oorky, Mingmhaur, Us-no
city of 1,916 Million K7IstAU f the n
and although it is too early to predict I
such a result o
oi
0
o
o satisfy thE Plan ob-
mill be required. such an
hod.
Large rdro-electric 1.evelopnents make a wider
national pride than do etewil ;1ante of similar vise, and
readily to and* purposes. It., therefore,
hydro part of the evens on
hg
cent of the Plan target for electric capacity*
2*1 MiUon XV as
by 1955 the
S
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cape-
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199Duzin and el
under o P
35400 'which vare
Ti*
GpO
*tiono
W. ?
tri
tx)
The 741..nIst!7 O TaCtriC
or the Choici. Irt&C
ebould be wted that thi:
ate]' prim, to arid a' XI
t10and rieetrioil Industry
he el.A
ate in A2ri2.
be oetured
or
ion of the Coniosttou8tquipseent
of the
-noirrt.T,
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The labor
COI*
petroleura
e oil are muc ate
to be anzi
Solid fuels,
.0 ion, ir use in the electric power industry sill in,
eeent, be confined to O.
c they
of s
1
1
ved
b oho
tion of
of internal
be assumed that it dose not o
h cher
lhjch uld be iwold in the
facilities,ectrie the Soviets bare
of the Vinistry o racism Education t1 to
teehnici Directives
9514
Period 0* 40 to provide for the
000 to 30000 hydraulic oncineering
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01
fito.space factor
ed by deficiencies in physt
vable t.y1ce to imo
* tts power D
0 ? ' 'a0eld e1eopiautB in
of its telecommunications viral/11
installed.
o the sat
a
ate that t
gevarturion
face of
OVel
eepnton dernise
mbc of giie policies are discenned. lls-
policY
fac lities and services. Proem:men
hs mamas. Organizational poliv to
eoi
UI
bloats
to hvo been plamd an
of telecommnications facilities
ntrolled by the user.
of command,
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0
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SIF T
cc
derived basis
provided sentially for
but may be used for public service if.
ft
subj
provided for separatei
at control.nthoritie*,
flOe of internal factUt
ed?
t telecor
anriaton
facilities
les and services gset a Soviet
ezerciis of power through the control o
anston of A
direct, rap'
ation
sts the existence of a,
it intends to reduce if set eliminate coa.
side world. It seeks a lu2i
biwtetg of teircommunieations techaol
aM to accelerate the rate at which that rower Is enhanced.
?
as a means to
Politically
has been
P.1
of the tsa
co old vid t* controllineand
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have h
tend their minds and 1
*Did resale
or p
collect
and oleted
t ofmrame- as vell es to enlarge the effect
rnict1on could help to oti
d for beiirg. conomics -wise they could fec
h and operation of industry- ARA ind -41 eervicee
cr*nt
In the interest o
prod lerld rime
idseton .d of con&!t!one,reel. reoson for etteiittn thet there is no employ- either he radio medium or the wireline medium
in li In other rords radio was to be the
conditions
ividnaL, Telecomnenications
rs of stt t terect at? focal polo
ate and
of the
*eh of the Soviets to the development: of the- stnte cast.
teieniettone need to be led to
rent in Soviet arevate4 by
Soviet
oRaiht_Ity the-
span distance
thm to concentrate on.
medium
*canon ly ino
*misting.wired t:
a
Eventual
re feel
radio facilities were merely to parallel
eoone the heat
i
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neer of r4to
trunk
the
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-.Arable n.etv
5
pr
in t
en though
existing ones expMe&
In spite of these-developments the Soviet Won cone to realize durinr the, war
not ioved forward in this field in step with modern Western notione. It,
pacity C.bi
eines
ptling of equipment, in trained manpower together with its hinge leer losses led to
large Iend..Lease
of its wartime sh
noIogi 1 and prottve implies
the Soviets into a deterol
II, bid.422110...
Initial basic poot.Wo
it,. Tear Plan (1944-1950):
!te States and other
poet to rnfaat, coupl
visible in the lend,Lenne Shipments, shocked
Soviet aw
policy is t- fl
.,,Nlemmunicationse especielly radio and trunk enblem, shall le fully
restored and developed in the formerly Carman-occupied rectons by the
introduction of up-to.date equipment. Infxrtherance of the general
Project for the development of the communicotians of the USSR. reliable
telephone
rd telegraph communications shill be inetolled between
Moscow and all relic, territorial and regional cents /91,, and between
the capitals of the republics and their regional centers. Telephones
stall installed in ell district ceatere, villort tovtTts, moth*ne
and tractor stations and stote farms*
.,,,aTrunk cormuniontion liner ehall be 40OPPAPPed with modern high-
frees/04Y apparatue?,?.The capacity of telephone exchmeges lawn be
increased and epecial attention paid to the introduction of automatic
telephone exchengee,...nedio broodeasting Oral be further developed...
end the radio diffusion network increased.,. ''he postal services eh.A1
be generally improved...end motor and oir transport 0,111 be wide1,7
used for the delivery of letters and newspapers....The--)roduction and
sale of consumer goods shall be incressed....*
The essentiils of this policy are reetor
advantage of the economies of modern to
this policy indicator hes been executed.
On,
, and riod
Suteert
a broad fmt, though
4
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OPe
ever in B.
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ar Plan (1951-1956),
bordinate guid. ?olicieB associ
Ininint tive and
vtion of thia basic pone- 8..pear to have beet developed.
sion with the. Commuoiste ever since they took
vidly expressed in
her of pol e intended to
reble electro
ac eiepnone awl veLegrapn a
e.rceptibia radio, enphasised Jut prior to War II, has
that war, ?he d 'hIr IT d velopTent of a most con,
warfareo potential, executed since 1948 as jamming against
broadests, suggests the ez.istance of a policy not to depend
n Curtain* has been re.-
of secrecy, The po
nterceptible
07
ad o for
betw
teleconrnnicnt one services tht can be conducted by
icro-vays radio (almost non-jam-able
r pen a
ther feebi effort to
ipled to
a
vet peoples:
assure control of telecommun
carry out the cansorehip and surveillance
the pop
all-wave recel
that the ':;oviet policy
t and at the same
emlin: The heavy
1 t to guard them,,o
d the lotion of fear in
to
about "ant tate
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complete internal f-
security and externa
asic tel
po1icyee%s to be to obtain the most, the quickest, from whatever
auy crcurwttncssand cone
13po.rts in he earLY'
been ez being mt
equipments
base
ttve fa i3.ittes were
n pilfe
ed. in the in
technical 1 terat 7e is expl
d German nnd other *imported
Trained mmpower t? dttained by tacree
llite end other countries,
0 n
national policy in be fielt of
h,
inns is ure.r. Apart from
Yinietry of Cemunieations en A the All Union Co
and Uofication. (VRX) which zprentLy
,Aved in 1951
;osstbl7 be a relac
title Ccl
and the technical entific4 The stature cf
Commission is v
Co
ttee-
of If
later* One is the
ion
res vies implies thnt the
f the Co
of rob *me: anAlor the creation of
6
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tit=
programa vtth
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feasilil
1o redlo rogda
pi!, refinements
of a broid 1ectranet1c4' ly
policy here it that then the aoviets reduce a problem to its coo inative organism-
mechanism to cope
174 AmireciA4V1 0,44P1 Poli
t polio
0 0
te e
lisrvices may have undergo= aome revision in the pos ar
need of cortin tnthistre$, ouch AS ShiPpiTIC,
es
en , effective exer
t operat-ed
rcu
h. thorn
tall, 'broadcasting,
controfled by the ua, the policy of
y hae been extended to recu
provicea or
s
of c
J:1143 the corrand mst contro' the facilities I
avAlable to the n
- 7 --
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C:FfrgIl
iii maty as
a
practiced.
UI!
* but perhaps at
Te
iroveient of- facilities to
obtaineds geuerlLy conetdee
ie re
sting* radio Ivor*
0
the illusion of state inter t In the
at
?lug able to purchase.
ion has been to radiofy the villages
for gro .istentn nd with very large num
listening Z4 O
o loudspeakers.
This ,eete bierarby
note aeaes and perhaps at the same time gives sons d versionarr
consutor As seems to be errid.tng Jotat olte7 in the ld
s* state n*ed and eonvenianoe come first, consumer need*cond.
that dual usewhere tastb1e should be provided for
Pvlug
effective control of t
policy' requires that key te
be
Soviet contro
separately for*
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et, indica.
es involved
tette and
acilitieo are used principml,
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Prt
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that **en
representativee.
telephone e
itetrtione of the vnrions Satellites*
ionnl control policy*
itrwent of the exercise
te1ecounetime facilities shall be
nnA otherwise
er
JU
ti
this policy were the disc
of
4 of 75 cb1e8 between the two sonee on V$
distnnce service between Mast 'feet aeries:4Y
the Leipzig central office on 17 June of this year*
that the ovtte blocked,the latter lines terportrily for control puryses
o be to Dernit ouch. but up within Soviet deft
dire
t sdvantape to
the Steilite
not do U things
vtdee for
reline fact
e
17 developed or expend
8. the Xrenlin
Tut the
I Union per e
y at all times. Soviet
t into new eno:
or the first
e facilities raready exist
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g
a
radiating out
ud other
ve
strategic need
e,
rirad ht
sO 1,OO kt1Te tera of comae
ttsgtetuttn1 in the
rates -)rwtton of u
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S*
de
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Only major changes of Soviet policy, or shifts within the existing framework,
of the subjects covered in this paper are noted, The great number of variables
and the
Pa
h these variables might affect the sub.eots covered in this
e not been analysed or presented here at this time.
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.4 aim.
?DIVERTS
Page
Consumers' Goods and Internal Financial Policies in the USSR 1
A, Distribution of Consumers' Goods 1
1. Soviet Trade Developments Since 1945 1
2. Retail prices of Consumers' %ode 6
3. Organisational and Conceptual Developments Since 1945 9
B.
Production of Consumers' Goods
10
1.
Estimates of Consumers' Goods Production in the USSR
10
2.
Organisaticnal Developments Since 1945
14
0.
Standard of Living
114
Housing
15
1.
Summary
15
2.
Urban Housing
15
3.
Rural Housing
17
4.
Expansion (I' the Building Materials Industry
18
5.
Allocation to Different Social Groups
18
E.
Monetary Policies
22
1.
Summery'
22
2
Money
22
3
Savings,
23
14.
The Gold Ruble
24
Fi cal Policies
26
1.
Summary
26
2
The Soviet Budget
27
a. Expenditures
27
b Revenues
27
(1) Turnover Tax
30
(2) Profit Taxes
32
(3) Personal Taxes
32
(4) State Loan
33
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Pak.
Table
Table
State and Cooperative Retail Trade 1940s 19454952,
and 1955 Projected
Table 2. Value and Volume of Average Retail Sales of Soviet
State and Cooperative Retail Trade per Employed:
1940, 1945-1955
Teble 3. Plann0 titvings to the Population from Price Reductions
in all Markets in the USSR
Table 4. Indicated Fillfillment of Soviet State and Cooperative
Retell Trade Plan, 1948-1952
Table 5. USSR Average of Retail Price Reductions of Consumers' Goods,
1948-1953.
2
3
5
6
6
Table 6. Retail Price Indexer - of Consumers' Goods Compared 1948 and 1953 8
Table 7. Estimates of USSR Consumers' Goods Production Compered and an
Rstieate of Industrial Consumers' Goods Production as a
Percent of Total Industrial Production, 1940, 19454952, 1955
Planned, and 1957 Projected.
Housing in the USSR 1 Planned and Actualt Public and Private
Rouses, and Square Meters of Living Space per Urban Populations
1938..1955. 10
Table 9. Production of Building Materials. 17
Table 10. Some 1953 Soviet Help Wanted Ads: Type of Work,Employer,
Place Advertising, and Accomodations Provided. 19
Table U. Eetimate of Soviet Currency Reduction by Reform of December I7.22
Table 12. Estimate of Currency Circulation in the USSR 1940 and 1945
to January 1948. 23
Table- 13. Savings Deposits in USSR Government Banks: Selected Years 24
Table 16 Soviet Budgetary Expenditures, 1940 and 1945-1952. 28
Tablo 15. Soviet Budgetary Revenues, 1940 and 19454952. 29
Table 16. Turnover Tax as a Percent of Ratimated State and Cooperative
Retail Trade, 1940 and 1945-1952. 30
Table 17. Planned and Actual Turnover Taxes, 1940 and 1945..1952. 31
Table
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ill Policies in the USSR.
on of Consumers' Good
Soviet Retail Trade Development! Since 19451,
The statistics in Tables 1 and 2 are estimatee of State
ve retail trade turnover in the Soviet trading system. While these
tally in the later year*,
too high, they do indicate total
and per capita retail sales are considerably above the prewar level of 1940.
of Soviet consumption is corroboratedby other
indices concerning the USSR'
During the period of World War rr the Soviet government converted the
consumer goods industry to war production and introduced a system of rationing.
In the period from 1945 to the end of 1947 the increased holdings of currency
in circulation Gauged prices to continue to rise despite rationing. While
ken to reduce these inflationary pressures., Soviet policy in
petitious of the early 1930 trade policies. Stabiliestlon
ing this period followed thre main lines. First in April
cisi stores" wer. established to sell unrationeci goods at prices
rket. prices, but above State fixed prices. Secondly, goods not
some steps
this period
produced
re reintroduced at substantially higher prices. And
thirdly, prices of basic foodstuffs, such as bread, were raised in price a
the end of 1946, 1/
Even though this trade polity reided:the general level of prices, Its
success wasliAlted and did not eliminate excess purchasing power to a point
Where rationing could be abolished. This failure is reflected in part by not
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