SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT YURZHENKO, A. I. - YURZINA, A. S.

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• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

68709
0 C-4) S/069/60/022/01/021./025
,6 7 Id c2 0 D034/DO03
AUTHORS,-, -Yurzhenko, A-I.,, Ivanchov, S.S.
TITLE: The Effect of Fatty Acid Salts on the Process of Sty-
rene Polymerization in Emulsions
PERIODICAL.- K 11 'd zhurna.1, .1960, Vol XXII, Nr 19 pp 120-
0
0
1
n
S
1
(U
27
R
ABSTRACT. The authors report on a study of the effect of sodium
salts.of.fatty acids (from sodiu%.formate to sodium
palmitate) on the o1 merizationikinetics of stZ
Ze. _ne
in an emulsion. This selection permitted study of the
effect of the hydrocarbon radical of the anions of
the added-salts-on the polymerization process and eva-
whigh is
luation of their growing'surface activity.,
-
of practical value. The technical emul.sifiersKof the
type of fatty acid salts as used in the synthetic rubber
industry often.represent a mixture aff salts of various
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68709
S/069/60/022/01/021/025
D034/DO03
The Effect of Fatty Acid Salts on the Process of Styrene Polymerization
in Emulbions
higher and lower acids. For their investigation the
authors purified the styrene specimens from inhibi-
tors by processing them with a 20%, alkali solution
and subjecting them to a subsequent threefold vacuum
distillation. Nekal served as emulsifier, and potassium
persulfate as initiator of the polymerization. The
sodiiim salts of different acids (propionic, lauric?
etc.) were obtained by neutralization with sodium ethyl-
ate according to the method of W. Harkins tRef,, 8_7.
Polymerization was carried out in a dilatometer with
magnetic mixer, as shown in Figure I (diagram). In
contrast to the dilatometer proposed by V.A. Puchin
and T.I. Yurzhenko ~'Ref..9-7, the capillary of this
device had a free exit for gases which in an inconsider-
,able amount could form dur ing disintegration of the
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68709
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D034/DO03
~The Eff eat of Fatty Acid Salts on the Process iff Styrene Polymeriz-at-i on------
An Emulsions
initiator (K2S 2 08) in the polymerization process. The
investi ation has established that, according to their
effect ~regularly changing with growing length of the
hydrocarbon radical) on the process of styrene polymeri-
zation in an emulsion, the fatty acid salts fall into
two groups: group 1 -,salts of acids higher than capry-
lie, continuously increasing the speed of the process
when introduced into the reaction mixture; group 2
salts of acids below caprylic, weakening the polymeri-
zation process. An analogous effect of the investigated
Onlt;n on the rate of initiation of the process and the
ffiolooiular welt~,.hf-. of tl)o . formlvg polymers Could be
observed, the salts O'.f group I DOI-ts'
of group 2. after some initial increasing, blow dowti
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68709 ,
S/069/60/022/01/021/025
1)034/D003
The Effect of Fatty Acid Salts on the Process of Styrene Polymerization
in Emulsions
the rate of initiation and diminish the molecular weight
of the polymers. The indicated facts are connected with
a change in the reaction zone, calied forth by the
adding of the salts. The zone enlarges on inLrcduction
of salts of the group 1. it narrows on introduction of
salts of the group 2. Such an assumption agrees with
the data concerning the change of the colloidal state
of the emulsifier and the dispersity of obtained synthetic
latexes, which take place in the presence of the in-
vestigated salts. There are 1 diagram, 7 graphs and 11
references, -7- of which are- Sovietaqad 4-English.
ASSOGIATION.i -1vana-Frailiko-t Kaf edra.- fiziches--
koy i kolloidnoy khimii (L_LyDy-5niv6:i~qit, -imeni Ivan
Y
Franko -'Chair, ~df Physical- AndJ- Chemi stry) -
TT
ED 61
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IHSKKO# G.7- I
TURZ alcohols on the sol. ooege
ry aliphat"m n sts9zate solutions*
aqv.QO~Ls sodW (mm .7)
,fis,ct prim 13
ition to-nPleirature of 460.
trans shur. 22 w.3.376-3U W-je Wedra
Koll. su,4&rstveI- Iuniversitet im, 1,1vank0e
1 161VO-Wakiy CD 'Wimitio (Stearic acido
fizicheskoy J kollOlAnO (Colloids)
(A.1cohols)

82293
S/079J60/030/0017/002/020
B001/Bo63
A
Sukmanskayaq I* V-9 Yurzhenkof
ILUTHORS' d Activity as
of the Thermal Stability an ides
InvestigatYOn onlof the Di
TITLEt the POlya~r ~.atlo
InitiatOrsVin - ! 0 Acids (I
vdrocinnami.:~
of the CinnamiO and 11
Vol. 3o, No. 79
pFRIODICAL: Zhurnal obahohey khimii, 19609
pp. 2108-2112 are,the thermal
se of the present paper to COMPI he benzOY1
It was the purpo 'Of the diacylperoxides Of t s in-
TEXT one another* The author
stability and the initiating activity - and
.he cinnamic and hydrocinnamic acids with the
of t -CH-CH
particular to explain the effect of groups and the Phenyl
tended in tween the group -0-0
-CH -CH 2-9 Whi ch were 11 introduced be .es. The
2 d properties of the diacyl peroxid at
n the above-mentione d s in chloroform
radicalt UPO tion of these peroxi e -
Icinetica Of the thermal decompOsl tion of the groups -CH=CH- the
and 600 shows (Table 1) that the introduo 0 peroxide group lowers
70 dioal and th
and -CH2-CH 2- between the phenyl ra
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92293
Investigation of the Thermal Stability and S/079160/030/007/002/020
Activity as Initiators in the Polymerization BOOI/R063
of the D140y1peroxides of the Cinnamic and Hydrocinnamic Acids
atability of the peroxide and speeds up its decompooition. The activation
energy ol" the process decreases in the following order: benzoyl peroxide>
> cinnamic acid peroxide > hydrocianamic acid peroxide.This indicates
that the -0-0- bond is weakened in the same order. The authors of the
present paper believe that this weakening is due to the weakening of the
induction effect caused by the phenyl group. The diacy-1 peroxide is to be
considered to consist of two dipoles which are interlinked and repel each
othert Z/O 0-"
R-C-0-0-C-R. Due to this fact, the -0-0- bond is weakened the moret,,-~
+
the more the excess negative charge is localized at the oxygen atoms of
the peroxide group. As a,result of the electrophilic character of the
phenyl group, this charge in lower in the case of benzoyl peroxide and
thus increases its stability. The introduction of the group -CH,CH- and
especially the group -CH2-CH 2- reduced the effect of the phenyl and thus
weakens the -0-0- bond. Consequently# the stability of the peroxides is
.also reduced. A comparative study of the initiating activity of the
Card

82293
Investigation of the Thermal Stability and 3/079J60/030/007/002/020
Activity as Initiators in the Pol~merization BOOI/BO63
of the Diacylperoxides of the Cinnamic and Hjdrocinnamic Acids
peroxides examined was carried out by the polymerization of styrene, which
was initiated by means of the above-mentioned diacyl peroxides. It was
found that under equal conditions, the rate of polymerization of styrene-I
increases from benzoyl peroxide to hydrocinnamic acid peroxide (Ta-b1_e__2~_
just as is the case with the thermal stability. It may be seen from
Table 3 that hydrocinnamic acid peroxide shows the most rapid reaction
course on initiation, which fact is Jmportant to the synthesis of poly-
merized plastics. There are 3 figures, 3 tables, and 12 referencess
5 Soviet# 1 German$ and 2 USe
ASSOCIATIONs L'vovskiy meditsinakiy institut (~Ivov Medical Institute)
SUBMITTEDs July 3, 1959
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S10791601030100910011015
220 BOOI/Bo64
AUTHORS: Kucher, R. V., Yurzhenko, A. I.
TITLE: Oxidatio~ of But' ' ------n-e-a- -and' E-thyl Benzene in the Liquid
yl Benze
Phase in the Presence of Alkali Lyes, Cobalt Stearate,
and Auramine
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal obahchey khimii, 1960, Vol. 30, Ko. 9,
pp. 2796-2604
TEXT: The present paper deals with the effect of caustic soda upon the
rate of accumulation of hydroperoxides formed during the oxidation of a
mixture of secondary and isobutyl benzenes, as well as of ethyl benzene
in the liquid phase. It was shown that for butyl benzenes an amount of
0.1-0.2% sodium hydroxide has the highest efficiency; as for ethyl benzene,
the optimum amount of NaOH is approximately 50%. Addition of cobalt
stearate results in a higher rate of oxidation of the above hydrocarbons,
with the highest possible concentration of the hydroperoxides, however,
being reduced; this is mainly due to intensified decomposition of the
hydroperoxides in the presence of cobalt stearate. The oxidation of ethyl
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Oxidation of Butyl Benzenes and Ethyl Benzene S/679/60/030/009/001/015
in the Liquid Phase in the Presence of Alkali BOO1/Bo64
Lyon, Cobalt Stearate, and Auramine
benzene and butyl benzenes is accelerated by a slight addition of auramine,
the highest possible concentration of hydroperoxidea thus being reduced.
The authors thank L. A. Baranovskiy for his assistance in experimenting,
and mention papers by K. I. Ivancv (Ref. 3)and U..M. Emanuel' (Refs. 6-8).
There are 6 figures, 1 table, and 16 references: 13 Soviet, 1 German,
and 2 US.
ASSOCIATION: Llvovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet
(Lfvov State University)
SUBMITTEDi 1959
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3/06~/61/023/006/003/005
B119/B101
AMHORS s Ivanchov, S. S..,_Y4rzhenkc~~A,._j_._
TITLEt of salts of low aliphatic acids on the dispersion
Effect J.
of the emulsifi er solution and synthetic latexes prepared
on their basis
PERIODICALs Kolloidnyy zhurnal, v. 23, no. 6, 1961, 706 - 711
Nekal solution (sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate) was mixed
TEM V.
with sodium salts of formic, acetic, butyric, caproic, lauric, and
palmitic-acide in 'Various amounts (up tOC40.1 moles/liter) in the pres-
ence and absence of potassium persulfate as initiator (0.4~',). On the
emulsions obtained, turbidity measurements (photometer of the type ~M
(FM) with nephelometer attachment) were conducted, as well as the d,etermi-
nation of the surface tension according to k. Z. Kotukov and
Ye. I. Lototskiy (Zavodsk. lahoratoriya 2, 1100, 1953), the viscosity,
and solubilizing ability (on the photoelectric colorimeter MI-1 (MF-1)
on the basis of the color intensity"of Sudan III solutions.and the
solubilization of ethyl benzene by refractometer). The mean radius of
Card 1/0 -,19

Effect of salts of low ...
S/069/61/023/006/003/005
B119/B101
the latex particles was determined on the basis of,the light scattering
of the dilute solutions. Resul"W's: According to their effect, the added
aliphatic acid salts may be divided into two groupst (1) with low chain
length up to and including Na-caproate; (2) with longer chains. With
inoreaoing chain length as well as increasing concentration, the salts
of tho first group oauae a turbidity increase and, thust an increase of
the micellar weight of tho omulaifior Polution (partial precipitation of
the emulsifier taking place at concontrationo of 0.1 molen/liter). The
viscosity of synthetic latex also increases, whilre tho ourfaoo tonoion Ard
rate of solubilization decrease (rate of solubilization without addition
8 - 12 hr, with 0.2 moles/liter sodium acetate 23 - 25 hr), The critical
concentration of the micellar formation (CCU) of Nekal decreases with
increasin,5 salt concentration (sodium acetate 0.01 moles/liter CCU
. 7'9 10-;'~; 0~1 moles/liter CCU :,4-1o-3%; sodium butyrate at 0.01
Moles~liter CCU - 7.6-10-3~' at 0 moles/liter CCU - 3.7-10-3%). The
solubilizing ability increases with increasing chain length of the salt,
but shows a maximum for salt concentrations between 0.03 and O~05
ilq'oles/liter. The particle size increases with the salt concentration
up to a content of NO.08 moles/liter, and then remains constant. The
C.urd 2/6 ?
,7

Effect of salts of low...
S/06Y61/023/006/003/005
B11 9 B101
salts of the second group lead already in smaller amounts to stronger
turbidities and, thus, to an increase of the micellar weight, but they
are only slightly increased at further additions~ Likewise~ the surface
tension isstrongly reduced already at a low salt concentration, and
remains completely constant at higher concentrations (over ivO.01 moleq/lite'r~
The solubilizing ability increases UP to M0.04 moles/liter with increas-
ing concentration, and remains unchanged by further additions. The
particle size of synthetic latex decreases with both the concentration
and the chain length. The dispersion of the synthetic latexes is
determined by the dispersion of the emulsifier solution used. Thus, the
dispersion of latexes is variable within wide limits by suitable addition
of aliphatic acid salts. There are 6 figures, I table, and 8 referencesi
7 Soviet and 1 non-Soviet. The reference to the English-language
publication reads as followas H~ B, Klovens, ChOm. Rev. 47, 1, 1950.
ASSOCIkTIONs L'Yovskiy universitet im. 1. V. Franko, Kafedra fizicheskoy
i kolloidnoy khimii (L'vov University imeni I. V. Franko,
Department of Phynical and Colloid Chamiatry). Odoaakiy
universitot im. fdochnikem, Laboratoriya VyEjakomolekulyarnykh
soyedineniy (Odessa University imeni Mechnikov, Laboratory
Card 3/0'1' of High-molecular Compounds)

29118
s/on N,
B1037B1 10
AUTHORS: Ivanchev, S. S., Xurzhenko, A. I., and Solomko, 11. 1.
TITLE: Characteristics of the kinetics of,styrene polymerization
initiated by tert-butyl peroxide and tert-butyl Derbenzoate
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 140, no- 5, 1961, 1079-1082
TEXT: The rate of styrene polymerization was studied at concentrationL
between 0.01 and 0.12 9-moill of tile monomer, and at various concentrations
of tert-butyl peroxide (BPO) or tert-butyl Perbenzoate (BPB) at temperatures
_,1je1./__ and 119 0C. For comparison, the styrene polymerization was
e'eudlod ~,'i tile presence of benzoyl peroxide (BP). Polymerization took place
in tkie,~ Julk of' the monomer) and also in an emulsion stabilized with a O.2;-j
Solvay solution. The kinetic conditions in thovo two canon wore identical.
The,O.ependence of polymerization degree on time was found to be 'Linear only
with'a low degree of polymerization of BPO and BPB (up to 20 - 30/~,). With
a high degree of conversion, however 0self-acceleration of the proces,-setsln.
At a polymerization temperature of a; C, the rate constant 3of the thermal
decomDosition of BP dissolved in ethyl benzene, is.4-4-10- ; for BPB:
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2?~18
S/020/61/140/005/014/022
characteristics of the kinetics ... B103/B110
6.1-io-4. Under these conditions BPO is decomposed extremely slowly.. The
dependence of the intrinsic viscosity [Ttl of -the polymers on concentration
and nature of the initiatLors, decreases, as expected, i34 the sequence
BP - BcB - BPO. With BP and BPB, the molecular weights of the polymers
decrease, an the concentration of the initiator increases. In the case of
BPOt the molecular weight does not depend on the concentration. The I TZ I
of tile pol mers slightly increases with DPO concentrations between 0.01 and
0.10 mole 1 of the monomer. This contradicts the rule sayin6 that the
molecular weight of the polymer decreases due to an increase in the initiator
concentration. in polymerization initiated by BPO, ('q] of the polymers
decreases bY 5&;f~ due to a temperature rise from 85 to 1050C during thp
process. The polymerization rate, lioweverg increases by one order of
magnitude. With a EP conversion of up to 5Wo, ETZI is increased but slightly.
Above this degree of polymerizationi [?Zj remains constant. With BPB and
especially with BPO,C-qlincreased evon at high degrees of conversion. if
the polymerization temperature was maintained for some time after the
process,['q] still increased considerably, even though the monomer was used
up. This did not occur with BP. Such results are related to the high
activity of the radicals
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29118
_S/020~61/140/005/014/022
Characte-riaticc of tho kinatioc ... B103/B110
CH3
cil C-O* forming during BPO.and BPB docomposition. They int'Oraot W101 tho
oil3
tertiary C atoma of the iiolymer chain:
CHS CHS
-~-CH2-+CHS-J- CHI- +ICHS -
Thus f re e go lymer- -rad i c al s' -are- f o rmed -w hi ch cont inue growing- ~'n t he -
presence of the mon omer. If themonomer is absent, the.free radicals
combine and yield a.polymer of higher molecular weight. Unless the
temperature is extiemely high, the initiator amount required will Still be
pronent after the polymer-ization io fininhed duo to the higrh thormal
stability of poroxidoo. A high tomporaturest bho initintor may bo u(jod up
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29118
5/020/61/140/005/014/022
Charactorlutiou of tba kinetics... B103/B1 10
at the end of the process. In this case, heating does not affect the
molecularweight, and C-1j] in thiu proceEts -will be changed but slightly.
The high "initiating" activity of BPO and BPB is due to a kind of graft
homopolymorization. There are 3 fieures, 1 table, and 5 references: 2
Soviet and 3 non-Soviet. The four most importantreferences to Engli~h-
language publications read as follows: W. P. Hohenstein, 11. IIIark, Polyme!~
.Sci., 1, 127 (1946); E. Tromsdorf, E. E.-Schildknecht'? High Polymer ' 1.01
69 (19_~ P. Perry, M 21
. ~j6); R.' K. P. Seltzerg lodern Plasticbq.~Yj No. 39 7 .
1947"; J. H. Reley, F. F. Rust I W. E. Vaughan, J. Am. Chem. Soc-, 70,88
1(448)1; N. A. Milas, D. M. Stirgenor, ibid., 68# 205, 643 (1946).
~
ASSOCIATION: Odesskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. 1. 1. Ylechnikova
(Odessa State University imeni 1. 1. Mechnikov)
PRESENTED: Ijay 19p'1961tby B. A~. Kazanskiy, Academician
SUBMITTM lvlay 11 , 1961
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29822
3/020J61/i40/006/021/030
Bi03/B101
AUTHORS: X=henko, A 1. Ivanchev, S. S., and Galibey, V. I.
TITLEt Thermostability and initiating activity of diacyl peroxides
of par6ffinic and phenylearboxylic acidB
PERIODICALt Akademiya nauk SSSR. Doklady, v. 140, no. 6, 1961,
1348-135t
TEXTo The authorn atudied the dependence of the initiating aotivity of
diacyl poroxided In homologoua .doriooi A) of Paraffinic acide on tho
length of the organic radical, and B) of phenyloarboxyli6 scida'on the
number of methylene groups between the phenyl ring and the peroxide.group
on polymerization of 1~ styrene and 2) methyl methacrylate. Therefore,
.peroxides.of 14 acids a) - n)) were:synthesized according to the methods
of Ref". I
_(seq_ below) see Table I and the legend below). The polymeriza-
tion rate of 1) was studied_(dilatome-tricallv -mails and-in suspension,
) in
and that of 2) in mass. Table 1 shows the rate co'natants and activation
energies of the decomposition of a) - n), which were determined based on
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29822
S/020/61/140/006/021/030
Thermostability and initiating... B103/BIO1
the rate of their thermal decomposition in ethyl benzene. Based on these
data, it'has been found that the thermostability of A is only alighthly
changed by lengthening of their hydrocarbon radicals. The differences in
thermostability are, however, remarkable in aeries B. d is the most
stable, whereaa the next pomber in the agriesp ap is..the least stable and
decomposes rather quickly at low temperatures. Further on in the aeries,
the stability of the peroxides increases. Thus, c is.closely related as
to stability to the peroxides A, which corresponds to its structure. These
data were compared with the kinetics of the polymerizatioa initiated by
n) The rate of.generation of free radicals is a'function of the
decomposi-tion ra--te-o-f the
effects more rapid polymerization, whereby the molecular weights of the
polymers decrease. Since the radicals are of analogous structure, their
activity is, presumably, similar. To 1)t The polymerization rate does not
vary analogously to the thermostability of the peroxides. The A are much
better initiators for styrene than d. Although a decomposes rapidly, it is
but'slightly active in the polymerization of styrene. A different 3
mechanism is assumed for the thermal decomposition of a. While the K-10
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29822
S/02 61/140/006/021/030
Thermostability and initiating... B10NB101
remain practically the s ame for A# the polymerization initiated by A does
not proceed with equal rates. The rates of polymerization and thermal
decomposition of the peroxides do not vary consistently. For instance, the
molecular weights of the polymers initiated by d are the lowest in spite of
the slowest polymerization. The molecular weight of the polymerd increases,
whert passing to-b. The most rapid polymerization is effected by-A, the
molecular weights being equally- the highest. These data do not agree
1/2 1/2 [K] 1/2 (1);
with the equatipnas V = [k incr /k~ rbak] - kinit
k~ /2 k1/2j.[M]/[ff]1/2 (11), where V is the polymerization
[kincr/ lreak-' ini
rate, [M]the monomer concentration, [IJjthe concent-ration-of the.initiator,
kbreak , ki nor' -kinit are the constants of the breaking, increase* and
initiation reactions, and F is the average len6th of the polymer chains
(on ~re'aking by-radical recombination). This discrepancy is explained by
the change of the breaking of the polymer chains on polymerization,_although,
the total character of the free radicals is the same. The change of the
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Thermostability and initiating...
9822
S/020/61~.140/006/021/030
B103/B101
concentration of the free radicals is determined in the stationary process
as, follows i 'dR/d tk LIT] - k[RO12 - k [EM RI R, k [M012" where R
0 3 n 0
are primary radicals, M R polymer radicals, k , k k k constants of the
n 0 2 39 4
corresponding reactions. Thus, the breaking of the chains may occur on
interaction between primary and polymer radicals (benzoyl peroxide) and
between the polymer radicals themselves. This is thecase for paraffin
peroxidee, where higher rates and molecular" weights develop. To 2) Here,
the kinetics agree completely with the two equaiiona and vary consistently
with the.decomposition rate of the peroxides.' The're are 4 figures, 1 table,
and 6 referencest 1 Soviet and 5 non-Soviet. The three most recent
referencze to English-language publications read as follows: Ref, 5S
L. S. Silbert, D. Swern, J. Ala. Chem. Soo., 81, 2364 (1959); D. F. De Tar,
L. A. Carpino, J. Am.:Chem. Soo. 77, 6370 OT5_5); W. Kern, K. Kossmanp
M. Rugenstein, Macromol. Chem., 1.~, 122 (1955).
ASSOCIATION: Odesskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. I. I. Mechnikova
. . (Odessa State University imeni I. l.'Mochnikov)
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29822
S 020/61/140/006/02 1/030
Thermostability and initiating... Bl03/BlOl
PRESENTED: May 19, 1961 ,by B. A. Kazanskiy, Academician
SUBMITTED: IMay 10, 1961
Table 1
TaUe Is Rate constants XAOI npg
5 apu
and activation energies ' UePCKKCb

of the decomposition
3 5
73'. "G. C n,5. S5.0-C
reaction of the peroxides.
4 no
m
i
4
44
2
31
n3K'
4
6
17
7
30
7
Legends (1) K0103 for; qnIPYK '
2,8 (O'C) ,
36.0(25*C) ,
22.0 HKJIK ,
4,3 ,
19,7 ,
29,0

kcal/mole; (3) per-
(2) E c nFKK
n-VMK 5.0
3
0 20.3
14
8 30 1
3t:o nnK
H 4.7
46 t9,3
1 29,7
,
oxide
a
hen
la
etio ,
enMK ,
4
1 .
7
16
Q
O
t nK
K
nil
4:6 9,0
t9
0 30.1
1
30
c
;
y
p
p , , ~
, , .
b) hydrocinnamic, c)pherkyl- fnBK 4,1 16,5 30,0 ,nnnaK 4,7 19,7 30,0
butyric, d) benzoict nKAK 4,t 17,4 30,7 ogrICK 4,6 18,9 29,9
e) butyric, f) valeric, - --------
caproic, h) enanthic,
g
i caprylic, J) pelargonic,
~ k) cap rie, 1) lauric, m) palimit ic, and n)
steario acid peroxide.
,Ca~rd 5Z5

5/069/63/025/001/co6/dca-
B101/B186
0 F., Yurzhenkol,' Av-~I-
AUTHORS. Storozh, G -------
TITLE: Effect of aliphatic alcohols on the polymerization rate
of atyrane in emulsion
FERIODICAL: Kol,'Ioidnyy zhurrial, v. 25, no. 1-, 1963, 77-81-
IAEXT: -The purpose oftthis study was to explain the effect of organic
Pkditives on the mice~lar structure of soap and thus also on the emulsion
pplymerization of hydiocarbons. Styrene was polymerized in a dilatometer
at 200C and a ratio of-hydrocarbon : aqueous phase - I : 9. Sodium
s~earate (0-05 moles/1) or sodium oleate (0.1,moles/1) were used as
A
ed~igator. The reaction was initiated with,040,,~*' potassium persulfate
calculatedfor the aqueous phase. The polymerization rate and the moleo-~
ular weight of polystyrene were determined. The effects of propyl#,butyll
amyl, and hexyl alcohols in t~e presence of sodium stearate were studied
At a certain concentration, a maximum of polymerization rate and of
molecular weight occurred for each alcohol The"optimum concentration wit's
0.87 moles/1 for propyl alcohol, 092 moles~i for amyl alcohol# and.
-Card 113

S/069/63/025/001/006/008'
Effect of aliphatic alcohol~ BIOI/BI86
'0-147 molos/I for haxyl alcA61. The effect of chain length of the
alcohol radical on the polym"aiization rate and molecular weight of the
'polymer was found to be the"same also in the presence of sodium cleats.
The data Civen are optimum alcohol ooncentratioA'(Molea/l), maximum
per min), and molecular weight.of the polymer:
polymerization rate (,,3
Methanol 1.87, 0-95, 78750;.propanol 0-12, 0-90, 794501 hexanol 0*009p
1-47s 888401 ootanol 0.00751. 1.63, 104200; decanol 0.00199 2.05$ 123710-
The colloidal properties of"the alooholic-aqueous'solution of soap, such
as viaoosity, electrical conductivity, oriti6alconoentration of micelle
formation, eta. change in the same way. Conclusions: The surface of the!
alcohol - soap micelles is decreased by addition of small amounts of
alkanols, Thusp the solubility of the.monomer in the micelles increases
as well as the polymerization'rate.. Low ooAaantr tions of alcohols vihiah'_
a
are surface-active substances intensify the stabilizing effect of soayj
-but higher concontratio~q change the structure. A trupp nonoolloidal soap.~
solution forms in the presence of low-molecular alcoholop whereas a now
soap - alcohol water~phaaa forma in the presence of high-molecular
alcohols* The latter phase,,can be recognized by the-4.urbidity occurring
after the addition of awyl,'hexyl,,or oatyl alcohol to the aqueous
Card 0

025100119061008
51069~63
Effect of aliphatic alcohols ~
BiOl/ 16
solution of sodium-oleate. Both processes reduce the size of micelleas
thus inhibiting the polymerization rate. T here are 3 figures and
-1 table.

ASSOCIATION:, -ve
Llvovskiy uni raitet im.
I., Franko, Kafedra,
fizicheskoy i Volloidnoy khi:mii (Llvov Vniversity imeni
I. Franko, Department,of- Physical and Colloid Chemist4)
SUBMITTED: November. 20, 1961

Card 3/3

GALIBEY--V.Io; YURZIIENKO -A--I.--. IVANCHEV, SAS.-
Polymerization of styrene initiated by peresters based on tert,
butyl hydroperoxide and on some paraffinic-=d phenylcarboxylle
acids. Ukr.khim.zhur. 29.no.12il282-1289 163. (MRA 17:2)
1. Odesskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet,,im. I.Mechnikova.

YURZHENKO.9 A.I.; VILISHANSKIY, V.A.
Emulsion polymerization with surface-active initiation, Dokl.
AN SSSR 1418 no.5:-1145-1147 F 163. (MM 16:13)
1. Predstavleno akademikom P.-A.Robinderom.
(Polymeriziation) --(Surface-active agonts)

IVANCHEV, S.S.; URPjFN~O, A.1.1, GALIEEY, V.I.
Evaluation of the initiating activity of peroxides in polymerization
reactions. Dokl. AN SScR- 152 no.5:1159-1161 0 f63. (MIRA 16:12)
1. Odeaskiy gosudar8tvennyy universitet im. I. I.Machnikova.
Predstavleno akademikom P.A.Rebinderom,

MKO., N.I.
SOL(Y
IVANCHETI S.S.; M~~M
P~l ' rization of styr-ene in. em~ulsicn stabilized by a twe-=r-
YMO-
auro 0
ponent earalsifier mixture. xo1j. zi 2" no*6.*6'70-674 V-D 164
(MM 18-.1)
'I, Odesskiy univerditet.

IVANCHEV, S.S.; GALIBEY, V.I.;
Charac teris tics features of styrene polymeri:adon at advanced
stago, of convernion inltiate-d IPJ diacyl neroxide,5. VYsGkr4m.
noed.*'7 no.1:74-70, -Ta ~1'65. (MILICA 28*5)
1, Odesskiy gosudarutvennyy univer-q1tet hrienl Mecbnikova.

IVANCIIEV S Sj; YURZHENKQ, A.I. (IUrzhenko, 0.1.]; ANISUIOV, Yu.N.
lnfrared spectm of aymmetrical diacyl peroxIdon. Doi) All MIR
no.8:1063-1066 165. iMIRA 18:8)
.yy universitet.___
--l. Ode sskiy gosudarstvenn

I-r- P F c~ RM
I "A,/09 7-33 -~65 1-~Q j /,)f,0 /C~60 7
14 3 1
A; 7, i: 1F S :'u-t-zhenko, A. 1.
S I ra e mul s Or"
Ki. ilc I F~
6 0 3 - E. -D
-4 r. i orl , !a Ic-x , a! p-l-I
.,'i rile 1 1 Z d
he 4~- f f 9 C. r h t
i a y ~xl ~e.c on ~he k ne t f cs p o ly rn~-. r i z a t, i or i . Th i s ar-ticie
I E. 3 cz t F 1, , F, I , ~ - , -, - ~ 7, 1- -jf stymne initiated by diacy ! per-,-x-
Lis -:,n PC
.-wric tic acils nd c ~m
j n. i --api-jlic and palmy
z,3'- :~In r-ate i ni t iated by ~.,:!nz(-v 1 ercy` Je
~-.:a t -,ie in diac,
11 perox,' des of al Ph at
j r, ~,e a.-5s.-5 wi 11'4- an 2 enq,~--h -Df the carton ~:-hain f i g. i : f
-,S T'~ es
-~-2 e ]i c;pe r,3 i )i, in --)si syn-,het ic latem ch ar, e s i n t 11, e
-,F Ile f c a ph-3 ~ic acids ( dibut~Y-F i and di -
v i: cf r-x j -"~e F ) 7: h e L. 11 t Z-.3 r-- C I fn~e r i z a all a -re giv. at bu t as t h e r"n a c -

F, i T-,e 'i - t f a v, 3 r ab e i n t i a t o r-, c. D y me r ri -
Q e-iec; 3~-e r peroxi-le and dienanth-vi. c)e-yide.

-
- '
'
i a-c"ivit~1 of hydroperoxide_,~ I iT
- zi
4
S I r ;
t
,
'a Z- jj~ r -c s and I -able.
T 'N 9
5
Mechrd~ova (Odk~ssa
'-UB cc, DE : Oc

4 -alton
The rate of
t ion as a function of the cari)an
ch3in length in the hydroccarbiin
radical 'nined to the pemddat
group

GALIBEvr9 V.I.; IVIPCILTV,
Activity of f.-ee radi,:!ale f3-&g---j L7 tbe of
diacylt peroxides dtrirg ehyrznr, pz;.'~rmer.~3itlcmz. Vysokemr.
eced. 7
(MIRA 18s
2. Odeask-4y gosudaratvmny,

Pli V r""F1:1., V uF;,--.,7-;!,,*C1p A~ I. - ANis r-Mov, Yu.N.
y n -PDZj-~C-5. ZKUr. fiZ.
~j 0 VI F;4!~
.-i" Ac? 16c:.
;nA 16,
,1., CoOftaskly gnsudarcotvonnyy unAversitch Imont Mechnikova.

ANTS13MIOV, Yu,N.~j IVANCHN7,
~Vantitatlvo deturrm4nation of diacyl peroxidea by lnfrared
spectroscopy* Zhur. anal. khIm. 21 no. 12113-118 066
(MIRA 10, 21)
1. Odeaskiy gasudarstvmnyy universitet Imenl Mectmikovas

0-
'j
SOURCE CODS: UR/0020/66/bO1066/1-3-42 1345
ACC NI, -AP6,023210-
U'XHOR;
FA Villshansk!Za, _11. 'Ia.; Yurzhenkoe At It
-ORGI. ch ikov (Odesskiy gosudarstvaruW
Odessa State University imo L 1. 1% n
tot)
TITLE: Characteristics of the process.of R21ymerization an emulsion stabilized
~in
with nonionogenic emilsifier A
:50URCEI Ail SSSR.. Dokladys v. 168, no. 6* 19662 1342-1345
TOPIO TAW i omwlaion polym. rlutiionj polyntyrond
ATATRACT: In ordbr to clarify the influence of the hydrophilto he Molsoula
of-ionogonia emulsifiers 9n the emuls on polymerization of P" of
sty-ran the uthors
'Tp as
amoun
ahaied p2Yq2ZCo1 athers'l (products of condensation of nony: =ondr lith various
of'othylend odacle) or the general formula I'
collie- (OClI'-Cll').0l!.
0-
where n 4, A, 13, 30. These emulsifiers were added in various quantities to the
polymerization system, and the yield of polystyrene was measured as a function of
time. This yield was found to be independent-of the content of amalsUiers with n
from 4 to 13- In the case of n 30, the polymer yield rose with the emulsifier Con-
Card 112

L 41219-66 t
ACC NR, AP6023210
tent,, and the polymerization rate increased in direct proportion to this wntents
L6olymerization. i--rom n = 4-13 to n = 30 there is a sharp increase J*
Indicating a latex
in polymerizit-ton rate, Indicating a definite Influence of the hydrophilic part of
the emulsifier molecule on the course of the emulsion polymerization reaction. The
viscosity and hence the molecularweight of the polymers increases with the degree
of polymerization for n = 4 to 13, in contrast to n = 30. This suggests that the
change in the hydrophilic part of the emulsifier molecule causes a substantial change
in the topoohomistry of the polymorizationt when n = 4 to 13, the process takes,place
in a dispersion of droplets, and the emulsifier acts only as a stabilizetb- uhareas in
the case of n = 30p a mice3-lar mechanism of polymerization occurs, OrU. art. hass
.3 figures and 2 tables.
SUB COEE: 07/ SUM DATEI 120ct65/ ORIG REF: 0051 OTH ran- 001
rnrei o

IMF
Tha es(4 of d1cpdrstfM d vyuOUfr-I~h far,-,tct t0
itct d4jmadence on ths' natum tnf~ e4neentlatind bf the
0 0
Chemical Abst. Atnufath" &nd men M r, lo gnd A
Callow 1 (1-1
Vol, .1.8 Nc. 1 Imff-fationj _Set C A 4-7. ?X*91(
Apr. 25, -!':)54
Rubter and ---thEr Mastomers

16 052
B117/B166
AUTHORS: Yurzhenko, 0. 1., Ivanchov, S. S.
TITLE: Effect of emulsifier composition on the kinetics of emulsion
polymerization of styrene
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Xhimiya, no. 24 (II)t 1962, 829 - 830,
abstract 24P59 (Dopovidi ta povidoml. Llvivslk. un-t, no. 9,,
part 2, 1961, 84 - 65 EUkr.]
TEXT: The polymerization kinetics of styrene in an emulsion was studied
in the presence of the salts of fatty acids havinG hydrocarbon chains of
different lengths (stabilizers are sodium oleate or potassium palmitate).~
Addition offatty acid salts having > 8 C atoms in the chain was shown
to increase the polymerization rate, molecular weight of the polymer and
dispersion degree of latexes. The molecular weight of the polymer in-
creases with the number of C atoms in the chain of the fatty acid salt.
Furthermore it was shown that the effect of fatty acid salts, having
7-C-atoms, on-the polymerization kinetics depends on the concentration:
small amounts increase the polymerization rate and molecular weight
slightly; large amounts inhibit the process, reducing the dispersion
Card

s/oSlj62/000/024/015/052
B117/B186
AUTHORS; Villshanalkiy, V. A. , -f
TITLE: Study on the activity of emulsifiers, substituted alkyl
pyridine derivatives, during emulsion polymerization of
styrene
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Xhimiya, no. 24 (11), 1962, 829,
abstract 2058 (Dopovidi ta povidoml. LIvivalk. un-t, no. 9.
part 2, 1961., 81 - 82 [Ukr.]
TEXT: This is a study on theldnetics of styrene polymerization in an
emulsion stabilized with pentadecyl pyridine bromide and pyridine deriva-
tives-subs I~Ycro-
peroxide as initiator. Pyridine derivatives: Methyl pyridine with the
methyl group in positions 2,4, and 3; 2,4-dimethyl pyridine and 2,6-di-
methyl pyridine; 2,4,6-trimethyl pvridine; pyridine carbonic acids
.(picolinic, nicotinic, and isonicotinic acids)'and nicotinamide. It was
shown that the polymerization rate using theae emulaitiors is 2 - 3 ordora
of maenitude higher than that in bulk# The moot active omulnifiers wore
found to be those having an amide group in position 3 as substituent
Card- 1/2

/081/62/000/024/017/052
B117/B186
AUTIIORS-~ Yurzhenko, 0. 1., Zareohnyuk, 0. S., Ivanohov, S. S.
TITLE: Comparison of the initiating activity of some diacyl peroxidag
on styrene polymerization
PERIODICAL: Referativnyy zhurnal. Xhimiya, no. 24 (11), 1962, 830,
abstract 24P60 (Dopovidi ta,povidoml. Llvivalkun-t. no. 9,
part-2, 1961, 86 - E17 [Ukr.]
TEXT: The thermal stability and initiating activity of diacyl peroxides
of the phenyl carboxyl series (diacyl peroxide of banzoyl# hydrocinnamic
and phenyl butyric acids) and paraffin series (diaoyl peroxides of dien-
anthyl, dicapry 1y1, diperargonyl, dicaprynyl, dilaurin, dipalmityl, and
distearyl) were studied during styrene polymerizatioa in bialk and in emul-~
$ion. In the phenyl carbonyl series, the diacyl peroxide of benioyl is
most active and the diaoyl peroxide of hydrocinnamic acid, least. The
thermal stability changes in the same way as the initiating activity.
Diacyl peroxides of the paraffin series are more active than-.those-of the
phenyl carbon series:, Polymerization is faster and the resulting polymer
has a higher molecular weight. The thermal.stability of diaoyl peroxides
,,,-.-,Card 1/2.-.-

YURZEMOI P.'Iw
AMUOUAI dayslopstntal. anomaly of the liver. Wrurglia no,3.77
54. ?15)
1. 1z khItrargichaskogo otdoleniya (zav.~- dotsent P.I.Yurchanko)
ablastuoy-b
01-Initer--(glav
JiG
31LIVER, ;Lbnormali ties, (AWBR=I S
*hnxplasi&) *liver hypoplasia)

TtMZKIIIKO, P.I.#-dots.
Surgical treatment of, benign tumoro and cysto of the madiastiWim.
liov.lehir.arleh. ao.5:80-84 S-0 957o (HEU 10:12)
1. Xhirurgicheakoye otdoleniye (zav. - dots, P-1-Yuzhanko) Kherson-
.skoy bollnitay. Adres avtora: Kherson, Oblaotnaya bollnitsao
(KEDIAST LLAM-SURGERY) (SYSTS)

4.
GRITSAM, D.E.; EUCHER. R.T.; TURIHMO, R.H.
Pispersed electrolytic depositions of bismuth. Nw*.rsp.L'viv.un.
21:63-60, -152~ OLU - 10: 7)
1. Wedra tizicheakoy i kolloidnoy Miati.
(Bismuth) (Slactroplating)

ZENUAINSM, 11.1,1 DRAGIft B#3.; pr1nirmli uchactlyo: GOLWITEX, A.A.;
YURZMIKO S.A.
Synthesin of Salts of sow O.,O-diaryldithiophosphoric acids. Zhur,
ob.khim. 32 no.6:1962-1966 Jo 162o (14MA 15:6)
(Phosphorodithioic acid)

0 9 a 6 9 9 0
10916 to 141OUI)LIfitit/ 4 to a III V, it if X. A ijo It. 12 Is III Isk v If Jos 40 9# &i a if 4no
w 11 - - % . It
I Q A A J. -1- 11 IM Is T. w ft -6 X_ -t
0 OFECOrst-ts -.f,
30
The -11-0 at edtoovirs oa 'A! p"plittiss of sodium.
too
tAviall Mbber. S. 11. Talmud Y'll'Alicako IIKII Yu.
X. Va~ikvx~ O"pulitivir 41W kul~~t- I(,, t9u,
WV, 34 45-15(41icnm ft"M COA lit fistemm4isle
,it. ah-arbent all. anthracirtir W, tic. J; firm by-produevi;
14 rwitiffruni pyirr4yqA 'tight (til, %alwilt, t4"cr tar and
g7ren 61) and fivint j*iroleuni-eiracteing prnce~,.es (osidized
'C ptmi-dWillatr, unoxidUrd "acking kero- moo
00, wile, polymer and Winkler-Knell w4duc%) and wirabb"
00 '3 rmitiurs "e 1"trd to the taw litilil.., ftibber I(N)s S IjIlt, 0
nerrictrallar 1.75, g&* black W p4fl% by Ill wilevir 0 2,41
411 fillrd In (itwo Otllin lot 3itfill, The VII-anitAirs artir
It'i"I fill IVIIIIHO Olvolith Ittl4i Itt'I'mr. and allivir coo
gills in a C."y ilven At 70, ff'r 121) him, All ft"M11.4 sit,
itinlitd. Tile, Ikel",leut" Itirmfilvtv llfvpi. Ily PyTrAY41% 0*0
iffiltmviril aging; tht- tithrr prndisrli wrrv ineffective. SOW
-60 Arritard KllbtrX
so-all
'as
If x6e
'00
114111, UZ~AL Lit CLASINFIC"I" 91- 41
Ificiro 'fit 4,_ 4114 41119111241; --$Mll its
0 1 r- 1-1 -- a s I
4 ill so "j; a It ill Ott* 4 0M a oe it .1 is 0
P to &41 4114101411 sect
0 as* @is 0 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 tiosee eel
o
id-soo ov 0 00 0 * 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 a 10.006 000 4p so** 0 g 112

tt is m is vt 17 0 a -,Aa A v Al it a a 54 5 '16 9 it a a -o7d"
-4 -- - ----- ....... . 0!"
#fbClClf9f AA4 f*CVO#ift$ :*-4f
U4 SIM"
00 Cd-
Att 't I "t
fit
the tbm ubm in C04. The
TIM aw. WOR k4w~ ~T" n"w
to the (A
00 '00
06 '00
3t
00
F,C-,
k* 0
falcla q0 041 as%
T Tim
-m'W"s- u x
0 0 0 of 00 00
Ise .010000000 Of W41440 0.01

U 11 w 11 18 if A? 21 bill'ot 14VA110ifilt UU Ws a U Sow 4f UU ltfar*
U-W- P-L-1--k-AA -K LC'M-M.A-ii 4' a b A _&
Al - I -- - - ~w . -."~ .., ~-.? -00
'!"!C -1.4 1
C, Itairle'd %J", 'j flit I sist'l It toltv 044-tr '14-twes rt" 49
00. 0 Cal d't polymerization, 11'. utzholka. 0" N, toctuffM with Istwor wtwr feflsi'le; "Ith I - ill "A.
'00
00 .4 6r"nit'v-0, and V. 11. Kh3ffwr~ ". Gem. Cke"t. W.S.S.R.) attalited In 11) ltrq,, tkith It ill III hrs. le!'"ll dells'. .4
-J( (tic di.tributioa Woorcrti 11W rate th-VIIII 1. 1 hlyth wtilet, o(Ill In The Ogive 31140,
-90
00
W4ter an,l forg. Cat;il"i4 sof the WyInCrigatfoo '.,Yjl (A~j c *,4rl, ( V in C.11.), the 411hility decrtmest fit
t~NIRY- Still rfl-I 0`1 the toorontxnti- the wder: I (uni"K4. rate colitt, At. it? mill..
40 9 of
'j The I er lot)
olAym titlaet' were ulu'le Oil 0 itsms. Still (-tK at fill,), V (it IV (k - 0001(14% 111 an't VI -00
00 a
$Wfullifek.. trillictIlyfr2rtAnot hydrou-mille (1). dillit-th- fk - W-2113 and decoolipri, complete in fa-15
00 A plelblolewbi".1 by'lo-fi;vroxide fit): SAW), (%COsr~ aLtivs- min. in 1-11.5fl, saln.). M(K of O..r- N N.'s,CO. se- -00
fl !'~ 0) (111): HIP, IIV); K's-.0. IV); and 114-lis (3-57.. ;ill. celeratc-I the rate k4 dmitnpri. lot V11 trocroct insrkelly, *0
4
11`0 ;v1). thtribulinn cfwfy4. hrtwMI Water and '\2011 ~svncwhm ItLi. '01,011 Irs't; the effect wa,,
*0 C.M. walir Amt W-Tvur' An't I",., 1 %1011 art-I i,4b- tterigly rutwitIml in a 3" Na lArste -Art. In the tame
prear. 'Arte dirt'l, f'T 1, Ill. IV V, at 215 snd W". rnelliurn, the title 44 dre.rinpis, to( the highly qzNr M.
nc content r'f the -aler-sol. pe"'nitic'i ill the Mg. pbue Oxweop (Utch all 1) Was much I(M" than the rate of tN4y-
ollooll 0 wall it,"lmt cln-t' with firac tMt fell rapifly In Ch fnmfation: for M."Xides of Mcdium stability (,,uch as r**
phSc, raxtirulirly at hilgher ternp. The Wy. of V) decror"I'n. W24 faller thin poly"W"tation, for the
CICIVITA-1-d With timl, ill the .vs. folme, but Increased In low-tsbility IV. much faster. RM the formot stable Ill
SOW wawz I w3. ahm.1 equally di~tioihultlf betw" water and VT. twilynIcrization nf i~oprcnr wwo (OFM to U4 after
andthe'Wit. ph.4'elf inthelattcr Iemrnpn. to qxr.-h xn event thAt p,4ymefix&1ior% practically zoo
-~Vee
't *)" 111wil alramircilietiflI