SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BLANKOVA, Y.B. - BLANTER, M.Y.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000205510002-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 22, 2000
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

S/126/60/009/06/oti/025
Structural Characteristics of Scale KHOU2e Used in the
Investigation of the Mechanism of Diffusion with Reaction
under otherwise equal conditions, an intensified role of
the given component in the overall diffusion processi but
in their discussion of this effect the authors show that
this is not unambiguous since recrystallization texture
can also arise,and point to other*'possible complications.
They emphasise that all structural characteristics in all
scale layers should be examined. GrainAsize distribution
also gives valuable indications (e.g. the presence In the
scale layer of a finer-grain zone at the scale/solid
boundary sug4ests diffusion of a compment from the opposite
scale boundary) but here, too complicating factors exist.
Further evidence can sometimes be obtained from changes in
the form of external scale surface, especially when one
component is liquid or gaseous and the solid specimen is
initially a rectangular parallelipiped; one-way diffusion
of one component is detectable but with two-way diffusion
of both the visible effects may disappear. Pfeil's
(Ref 11) inert-marker method is useful if the relative
size of markers is sufficiently small but their fixing is
Card 2/3 1B

5/126/6o/m/06/ofl/025
JJIA/E~g2U
Structural Characteristics of Scale c a sed in the
Investigation of the Mechanism of Diffusion with Reaction
difficult. Although each of the methods discussed gives
only qualitative indications, the authors show that their
suitable combination enables primary and secondary offects
to be distinguished. They give a tabulation of these
(Table 1) and note that further indications can be obtained
from the concentration gradient, whose determination is,
however, often difficult. Table 2 gives a scheme for
grading observed effects to obtain the most reliable
estimate of the role of each component in the process.
There are 2 tables and 12 references. 9 of which are
Soviet, 2 English and I German.
ASSOCIATION. Urallskiy gosudarBtvennyy universitet im. A.M.
Gor1kogo (Ural State University imeni A.M. Gor~kiy)
SUBMITTED: December 26, 1959 L11-18
Card 3/3

S/126/60/010/01/007/019
2111/2335
AUTHORS: ArIcharov. XLLL and Qlankova, Ye,B
TITLE: The Degree of Participation of Components in Diffusion
with Reaction in High-temperature Oxidation o
Certain Transition Metale4l
-I
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov it metallovedenkye, 1960, Vol.10,
No. 1, pp 63 - 69
TEXT: The authors have previously studied diffusion in a
number of binary systems in which one component is a
fourth-or
fifth-group transition metal and the other is either sulphur,
selenium or tellurium (Refs-1-3). To obtain a fuller and more
correct background on the mechanism of the high-temper&ture
oxidation of metals the authors now relate, using mainly pub-
lished but some original data, these results to those on
similar
systems in which oxygen participates in place of sulphur,
etc.
To evaluate the degree of participation of components in
diffusion they use their previously described system (Ref-4).
Published data for tjjAAkM&j(Refr-.5--1O) show that on their
system
(Ref,4) the mechanism differs depending on whether the
t ture ib above or below 900 OC. at high6r temperatures
eamrPd'f/%

S/126/60/010/Cil/007/019
9111/E335
The Degree of Participation of Components in Diffusion
with
Reaction in High-temperature Oxidation of Certain
Transition
Metals A
the role of metal diffusi n increases. Vandium (Ref.11)
has
IL
a first stage of jE~in Ifooo - 6oo Oc 1i; -airf-In which
oxygen
diffusion and reaction occurs in the metal/scale
interface;
later metal diffuses. Previous conclusions (Ref. 12) on
diffusion in chromium oxidation require revislon in the
light
of later work (Ref. 13); there are indications, however,
of
oxygen diffusion, although data are insufficient for firm
conclusions. With maneinese'vldiffusion is in both
directions
(Ref. 16). The authors describe additional experiments
with
inert markers (Figure 1) which suggest that manganese
diffusion plays the greater part. With ironlloxygen
diffusion
predominates below 400 OC; at higher temperatures both
elements
diffuse and the scale has a complex character
(Refs.18-20). The
authors report additional experiments with cobalt (Fig. 2
shows
appearance of a specimen with platinum wire on its
surface,
oxidised in air for 8 hours at 1000 0C): these confirm
previous
indications (Refs 20, 21) that intensive diffusion of
oxygen LII/
Card 2/4

S/126/6o/oio/oi/oo?/oiq
.9111/9335
The Degree of Participation of Components in Diffusion with
Reaction In High-temperature Oxidation of Certain
Transition
Metals
occurs. Dealing with nickel the authors discuss divergent
published results (RefsZ-20-24) and suggemt an explanation
which
is contrary to calculations based on Wagner's theory.
Oxidation
of zirconium.-Anloblumilind molyb MpAstenv
denum'land t '~occurs by
diffusion of oxygen. Finallyt th authors deal with two non-
transition metals,vlqopT)er and-Oki&q.. For the formor
additional
experiments (Fig. 3 shows an inert marker in a fully
oxidized
specimen) supported the view (Refs.27-29) that. copper-ion
diffusion is mainly responsible and not two-directional
diffusion
(as suggested in Refs. 30 and 31). Zinc is oxidised with
diffusion of the metal (Ref. 32). For both capper and zinc
the mechanisms are in good agreement with Wagner's theory.
The
authors assign the type of diffusion for each of the
transition
metals to the classification proposed previously (Ref. 4).
Card 3/4 L11

S/126/60/010/01/007/019
Elll/E335
The Degree of Participation of Components in Diffusion
with
Reaction in High-temperature Oxidation of Certain
Transitions
Metals
There are 3 figures and 32 references: 15 Soviet, 13
English,
2 German. I Czech and I Scandinavian.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskly gosudaristvennyy universitet im.
A.M. Gorlkogo (Ural State University I'm.
A.M. Gorlkiy)
SUBMITTED: March 21, 1960
Card 4/4

82638
S/126/60/010/02/008/020
Elll/E352
and Blankova It Ye.B.
of-Diffusion0with Reaction in Binary
Type "Metal-Gas". IV.
Wiio
AUTHORS: Arkharov, I.
TITLE: Investigation
Systems of the
PERIODICAL: Fizika metallov i metallovedeniye, 1960, Vol. 10,
No. 2, pp. 226 - 232
TEXT: The authors continue their series of investigations
(Refs. 1, 2) aimed at elucidating the factors determining
diffusion mechanism izA metal-gas systems. They review their
previous conclusions arid analyse further experimental data.
They conclude from this and general thecatical considerations
that the main crystallographic factor is the nature of the
bonding forces between the components in the reaction-product
crystal lattice. In systems "transition metal-metalloid (or
gas)" an increase in the relative importance of homopolar bonds
in compounds can be related to increase in the relative role of
diffusion of the metallold In the overall reaction diffusion
process. They suggest that an elementary diffusion function
is possible in which, because of existence of homopolar bonds,
a local redistribution of electron density occurs with formation
Card 1/2

82638
Investigation of Diffusion with
the Type "Metal-Gas". IV.
S/126/60/010/02/008/020
E111/9352
Reaction in Binary Systems of
of an atomic complex including a metalloid ion located in
the
vacancy of the metal sub-lattice, and its closest
surrounding
ions of metal with locally, charged valency. This provides
an
explanation for the expertmentally observed change in the
relative
role of diffusion of the components when the composition of
binary diffusion systems is varied, particularly in those
cases
which are not explicable on purely crystallogacmetrical
consid-
erations. On the basis of these ideas the authors examine
and
explain reaction-diffusion mechanism In a number of
binar!~J,
systems, includIng titaniumAvanadium
vlchromium,-'imanganese, iron,
c0 alt A nicke V1 -Y um,jniobi molybdenum+nd
b C= %I AzineAzirconi!
tungsten.Awith a2E~en S hu Aseleraum%r telluriumj also
in Fe-P,-qCo-P and Ni-P. There are I table and 16
references',
10 Soviet, 3 English, 2 German and 1 international.
ASSOCIATION: Urallskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im.
A.M. Gorlkogo (Ural State University im.
A.M. Gorlhiy)
5UB14ITTED: March 21, 1960
card 2,7

ARKHAROV, V. 1. L B
KONEV, V.N.1 KRUSHATINAp N.A~
Formation mealanism, of two-layer.. single-phase scale
in the
sulfidizing of metals. Fiz.mgt. i metalloved. 18
no.51730
N 164. (MYRA 18:.4)
1, Urallskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im,
A.M.Gortkogo.

BLANKOVSKAYA, T.F. [Blankovslka, T.P.)
Cytoombryological study of whoat, in interspectfic
cromiing.
Ukr. bot. zhur. 22 no.206-39 165, (MlRA 19-4)
1. Odesakiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. Machnikova,
kafedra
genetiki i darvinimm.

rr'. Vq F A YT. F.
Embryogony of durtam whau t prain rrom 1r . u-
Nfll;nh. dc,~I. vya-. ON ", Illol. liaul.1
1, Rekomondovana kafedrt~v genetiki I darv!rlnza
gosudars tmennogo inlyerai t.--,tA Am. 1.
T.~Irj,,~~Jj,,; 1, 4
Octobor 15., 19~4.
.00

BLA Tg~%T.&J. (Blan Velka, I.P.], student b1olog.
fakulltata;
I .P., naucbzWy rukovodltell, starshiy
prepodavatell
Iffeat on yield of supplementary pollination of
corn with
pollen from another variety* Pratel Od.un,
Zbir.stud.rob.
149 no.5:193-196 159. ()aRA 13:4)
1. Odeaskly CosudaretvenW universitet.

BLAMHTEYN, A. I.
Drug Trade -Costs
Production costs should be lwered in
every way possible
Med. prom. no. 2, 1952

3LAITS4MpiT , A. 1.
7703. All:ASE1,70, F. 1. 1. SLAMCSIMY11, A. 1. -
Printaip thteriallnoy
viinteresovanncati v. lolldioznom proizvo43tve.
L. Ioonizdat,
19 1 Ll
_54. 115s. '10 am. 10.000 e1=. I R. '0 K.
-(55-4195)P
33,9-1 Kt 338. ix (47.41)
SO: Knighm-ya Letonjal, Vol, 7. 1255

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A I " -, - I I ,-

BERG, A.I., glav. red.; TRAPE714IKOV, V.A., gluv. red.;
TSYFUE,
Ya.Z., doktor tekhn. nauk, prof., red.; VORONOV A.&.,
prof., red.; AGEYKIN, D.I., doktor takhn.nauk
red.;GAVRILOV,
M.A., red.; VENIKOV, V.A., doktor tekhn. naux, prol.,
red.;
SOTSKOV, B.S., red.; CIIELYUSTKIN, A.B., doktor takhn,
nauk,
red.; PROKOFIYEV, V.N.j doktor tekhn. nauk# prof.# red.;
IL'IN, V.A., doktor tekhn. naukp prof.j, red.; KITOV,
A.I.,,
doktor tekhn. nauk, red.; KHRITSM , N.A., kand.
fiz.-mat.
nauk,. red.; KOGAN, B.Ya.9 doktor tekhn. nauk, red.;
USHAhuv,
V.B.9 doktor tekhn. naukp red,; LERNEii, A.Ya.j doktor
tekhn.
nauk, prof., red.; FELIDBAUM, A.A.9 doktor teklin.
nauk, prof.#
red.; SHRMEH, Yu.A. kand, fiz.-mat. nauk, red.;
KHARMICH,
A.A.# akademik, red. Ideceased); TIFOFEYEV, F.V.j rod.;
MASLOV, A.A., dots.., red.j TRUTKO, A.F.j, inzh., red.;
LEVIN..
G*A,, prof*, red.; LOZINSKIY, M.G.# doktor tekhn. nauk,
red.;
NETUSHIL, A.V.p doktor tekhn. nauk, prof., red.;
POPKOV, V.I.,
red.; ROZENBERG, L.D., doktor tekhn. nauk, prof., red.;
LIFSHITS, A.L., kand. tekhn. naukp red.; AVEN, 0.1.9
kand.
tekhn. na-ak, red.; BUN$ 0 IJ (Blunn O.M.], red.;
BROYDA, V.s
- 4- n lrockl:L.) inzh., knad. nauko red.;
inth.,prof.,red,l 41EKKLI,
VAYKHARDTp Kh. Weichardt, 11.), inzh., red.;
DOCHAROVAPM.Do., kand.
teklm. nauk, st. nsuchn. red.
[Automation of production processes and industrial
electronics)
Avtomatizatsiia proizvodstva i proryahlonnaia
alektronika; entsiklo-
pedila sovremennoi tekhniki. Moskva, SDvetskaia
entsiklopediia.
Vo1*4. 19656 543 pe "'TRA 18t6)

SLAMSHW. F.B., inzhaner.
Analysis and calculation of the consumption of isugar .
-n-
taining materials for the reduction of chrome liquor.
Leg.
prom. 16 no.7:33-34 Jl '56. OffJU ):10)
(Tanning materials) (Reducing Wats)

BLANSHRY, F,B insh.
Consumption of molasses for sole leather filling.
Leg.prom. 17
no.8:17-18 Ag 157. (MIRA 10:10)
(leather Industry--Equipment and supplies)

BLAW,HNr. F.B., Insh,
Fillers copiposed of hydrolritate mWrs and nagnesium
carbonate.
Kozh.-obuv.pros.no,,2:20-21 1 '59. (KIRA 12:6)
(Leather)

BIMSMA F.B. 0 insh.
zffect of the drying conditions and re-oolution on the
physical
and chemical properties of chrome extracts. Kozho-obuv
promo
4 no.8-.17-18 Ag 162. . . imiu 15:8)
(Tanni materials)

W,
CZECHOSLOVAKIA/Virology. Hman and Animal Viruses.
Grippe Virus E
Abs Jour Ref Zhur - Biol.,, No 4, 1959, No 14644
Author Drevo M,,, Spousta A., Blansko Slonim D.
Inst
Title 7he Preparation of a Specific Horse Serum
Against the
Grippe.
Orig Pub Ceskoel. epidemiol.,. mikrobiol.,
Immunol., 1958, 7, No 3,
175-181.
Abstract No abstract.
Card 401. 1/1 - 19 -

LAVROVSKAYA, V.M.; BLANT, M.Ys.
.
9LAy of the cholera antigen. Report No.4r Effect of
the bittal
cuiture of Vibrio choleras on the quantity and
specific activity
of antigen complexea. Zhur. mikrobiol., spid. i
immun. 41
no.ls108-112 Ja 164. (MIRA 18:2)
L Gorlkovskly institut spidemiologit i mikrobiologit.

BLLNTXEL, B.
RTurnerl sounb like a distlugulshed profession.
B-10 3 160,
(Toohniml eduoation)
(Turning-Toohnological innovationx)
han.olla )5 no,9:
(KIRA 13:10)

BIARM 1. M. v - inzh.
Now se:Lf-diacharging trailer for pipe
transportation.
Aytotranop, 40 noi,3:41-42 Mr 162o (MU 15:2)
(Truck trailers)

BLANMR, If, inah.
L=,
. Five time smell r, twenty-five time more powerful.
IUAAekh.
7 ho.3t42-43 Mr '.63. CMRA 1613)
(Hydraulic motors)

BIANTER, insh.
Stand for cleaning motor-vehicle vheel rim.
lvt.transp. 41
no.ls53 Ja 163. (MIM 16 s2)
(Motor vehicles-Maintennnee and repair)

BLAYM,X.S., Inshener
Improvimg the econovW of a steam tvrbine at
electric power
stations of coal industry enterprises. U9011 30
no.4:30-31
AP '55- (NLPA 8:6)
1. R"ontno-naladochn(We uprarledys, tresta
Osobproyektmontash.
(Coal mines and mining) (Stem turbines)

16ANMe Kikholl 3amullovich; KIRSANOT, I.N., red.;
LAH ONOV, G.Te.,
Ukhn.rod, --
[To help the technician In @team turbine tests) T
pomoshch'
nablindatelin pri ispytanii porovykh turbin.
Koskya, Goa.
onerg.ixd-vo, 1939, 55 pe (NMA 13:6)
(Steam turbiroo-Testing)

XLWFPm-XUdwI1 SWULICT16h; GRIMMO, T.M., T*d,; DONWAYA,
G.D.9
tekha,red,
EOPersting the SIL-164 I tractors with semitrailers;
experience
of,the best drivers of the Transportation Departsient of
the
Nosoow Building Trust] Aceplustatelia tiagachal ZIL-164K
a polupritsepsail is opyta raboty persdovykh shoferoy
Mosstroi-
transa. Moskva, Nauchno-takhn.isd-vo N-ve avtonobillnogo
transport&
i shosseinykh dorog HUM. 1960. 39 P. (KIRA 13:11)
(Moscow-Notortrucks)

BLAyM, M.S.; yj)ULISHTIrN, B.N.; WILISHTM. S.Sh.
--Zl--~ -- I -
fhermodyTALmics of binw7anorse Isv,vys,uch~b,zav*;
chern,
met'e- no.1:10-12 160. (KIM 13 14)
1. Moskovskly Institut silft.
(Alloys-Therml proportion)

S/590/60/105/000/009/015
103111242
AUTHORS: MIrkin,, Dr., of Technical Sciences, Volkova, T.I,,
Candidate )r Technical Sciences, and Blanter, U.Se. Eng*
TITLE: Effect of irnalium malting on heat-resistant properties
of Iron al*,.oy3
S Out-ICE: Moscow. TatintralInyy
nmuchno-isaledovateliskly'inatitut
toldinologii I mn3hinostroyenlya. Trudys v*105, 1962,
125-134
TEXT: Tho present work wqs carried olit because of the absence
of
information on tho Infl1innan of vacuum malting on relaxation
and
creep behnvior In hIgh-tamporature alloys~ Four gradas of Iron-
base steels were Investignted: pure iron; non-bardonoblm single
phase Fo-Cr-'41 steel; slow aging alloy with Mo and W added,
and an
n1loy highly skisceptible to aging, with Mo, V1, Ti, Al and 'Nb
added.
,.!elting was performed In an induction furnac*a at a pressure
of
1.10-4 ._ 5olO-5 nim 11g, Short-term meohFknical properties,,
strsas-
Card 1/2

S/590,/62/105/000/009/015
1031/1242
Effect of vacuum mqltin1-r..I
I.D .
rupture strength . relnxntion, and creep resistance were
tested,
As a result of vacul)n meltrnr, relaxation and. creep
resistance in-
crerised with increq3ing com.1lexiti of the chernionl and
phase com-
position of steel. 111gh-alloy steels gain itress-rupturie
strength
and lose ductibility., while vacuum melting of low-alioys
improves
their ductility to some extent but does not Influence a
long-term
strength behavior. Optlml heat-resistRnt properties may be
gained
by appl-ying vacuum melting and pouring Avith alloya of more
complex
chemical and phase composition than that suggested for
conventional
melting. There are 5 figures and 5 tables,
Card 2.

-- BLAN TER, M, 5. . .......... I---
Hydraulic hinge for a pipe track. Irt. prom. 28
no.9:27 S 162.
(KM 15tlO)
(Notertrucks)

DEKHTYAR, I.Ya.; MIRKIN, I.L.; MIKIIALENKOV, V.S.;
FEDCHEKKO, R.G.; VOUGVA, T.I.;
fiwlp... -H.S.-
Investigating the pnraMRgn9tiO PrOPOVUeS of heat-resistant
alloys an an
iron and nickel base. Iasl. po zharoproch. splav. lOt87-92
163.
(MIRA 17s2)

BIAMER, M.So, inshe
-------------
Inertia-type locomotive with gyrorly wheel. Shakht.
stroi.
7 no.12:16-17 D163. % (MIRA 170)

BLANTERO M.v kon3truktor,, izobretatelf
"Delicate" clutches of a giant. Isobr. i rats. no.7t8-9
163.
(KCRA l6tq)
1. Spetsiallnoye konstruktorskoye byuro Moskovskoy
gosudarstvennoy
stroltellnoy kontory.
(Pipe--Transportation)

NR; A.T4013932 S/aGS9/63/010/000/0087/0092
-!10.1: Dekhtyar, 1. Ya. ; Mirk1n, L L.; Mllkhalenkov, V. S.;
Fedchonko, R. G.;
J- T. Blanter, M. S.
_;,vastlgatlon of tits paramagnetic properties of high
tomperature alloys on
ro- .-.16-cel baso
.~iM-T,C-, SSSR. Institut metallurgii. Issledoyanlya po
zharoprochn.*m splavam,
87-92
'.(;S: paramagnetic steel, high temperature alloy, iron alloy,
nickel alloy,
;-.1: alloy, alloy paramagnetic property, paramagnetism
tare
XT: 111a temperature dependence of the paramagnetic properties
of high temp~~rat
alloys on an iron and nickel base was investigated as a guide
to their electronic structure
.d ti,- ~4fcctive number of electrons N. It was found that the
maximum number of elcc-
.rons for nickel-chromium alloys ~s found in those containing
10% Cr. Addition of n1obiu=
~o an alloy oLNi+ '46% Cr leads to significant increase In N.
Investigationof complex alloys on
a ::~ckel-chromium base showed that the maximum N is observed
In alloys with aluml
.-ud tiviuium. Invostiption of complex alloys on
ana"ron-nickel-chromium base shrwed

CESSION NR-. AT40113932
~.hat the effective magnetto moment connected with N Is maximal in
alloys containing tuags-
ton and molybdenum, while niobium, titanium and aluminum lead to a
decrease in N. The -
rosalts obtained and their comparlson with tensile strength
studies show that the n=bar oi
,Aec-tronn In Lhe bond found on the basis of the temperature
dependonce of para=gn6tio
sensitivity may characterize the strength of the interatomic bonds
at high temperaturos.
Orig. art. has: 3 figures, 2 tables and 9 formulas.
At -I CMATION: Institut metallurgii AN SSSR (Metallurgical
Institute, AN SSSR)
:SUMUTTED: 00
DATE ACQ: 27PebG4
ENCL; 00
SUB CODE: ML
NO REY SOV: 002
OTHER. 000
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I of a slsovanen "oM t. dortol, in s~laowoo w
00
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sil joi,julsir iton4m,owum kiiu-

sumictilte prod The psowep 4
rarlskir sodn, %Nvuht 1w 10-

y"O"Ird N'th at rMst, jenip, and
tandror "Moditi.,11, 4.1

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;1
l

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irnilft
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God
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dw the 11YOrgo.-As 64 Ih%

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cwv- A.
00.

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*-PC with temp. and dw larl that 11 14 111)1

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traeslormatt"s In citactivilung stools at
temperatures abovis The crh" t*nlr
""Ilitule
44.
Awact.-Trostlymoskor. last. Mle. I-Akfm
44 a. SM sim VdW i S
,$AT 100. No. 17,40-14,11;
1040, OLN, - % -ilml I%,
.40 1. 'IrrI .1%%
so. 2..11. tigit"I 111," 44 Cl "r Pfri.l. film" Ve awl trigs,
Stirtm,le in 11W 1.4*ruls high - fir(Ifirwir (signore, forgrl at
! 'int" III-nigil. Ilvd. killd 11ralrd .41 MIS 4P
Addis. of Cr to thr btrtl Ignidgivr% i"Ahrin-I -Ih
4 Wff-4fiffCMtW1td IWM'rtA 44 4111601111C 1111`111;11~?If 110111
tivittlile AM a IMPPIelpentsfy Wow fit 4-whook. The
ttiont1wInAMA III Prifitir Otin Nuotlitir it% tro-A . 10111WIV
Itith thria"rewl" thervinfrol 14 V lit 41",1*4111111~ Vs
_Irv (murn(ite radildr) end Cr (11"r (IttatitiAl vathf.h.)
fortroing the degree of di"I"%itm 44 thr Calbuh, al'CO
Crates the trawwo"nal ion of Pranite into au%t "lit - Tht.
*at"% with the molvatengic thenry. W. R. firm
A101-11.11 0 TALLVIMICIL LITI&ATMI CLASSIFICATIft
O.V 46
914,51
T -T- 6 11 Is 11 1
S't a it It ail It .11ok
e 0 0 0 0 010 40 0 0 0 0 * e 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 * *10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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~114
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0 0 Ois * 0 0 0 0 0 e * 0 4 0 0 0 A

I-A 0 CL
A
VOCCISMS one 0#0018 1ot *of
71-
a7o
fog
Oe a zi~j
1=(A. Ordxb=&Wn Aviation fust, MOMMur).
*0 LAb- 13, 233-5(1047).- Fast 1webermal
;!I tza .14yetions of sleds at supric. It. temps. an investi.
661 gated an v"y ibis isamples (falls O.H1.2 mo. thirk.
00.3 5 X 13 mo.) with the aid of an ricetrim-tubvcontralW
e1xitamaswk d"kv periOtin; itumnsion of the
00,3 s&Mple into a COW, 4emp. furnace for titer intervals fmm
(12 Ov. toll, simtrAl"I within 11.01 MT. cotoing 0 110M
In a sitmat W C44, 11w W dot its 4ht if"* "itIvwatip
1,ts the %amph ist it at h Ow truip ut the f4i"stv tion-diout-
OOV 411AX"AM are. 11W larklual Is diustfaird by ths, quirr
AJLj'r of hardness of a aM C I.W. Cr J.U. in the Jmcbermd
A Id trandarinitim of isearlite Into audewte at Ms. Owted
asrJum the kWh of basting: conk. max. bardwas is
:Cmcbw after 10 aw. N. Time
ASSI SITAL&WIDICAL LITIM&TOM CLAWVAINO
is
u it A* so it. 'A Ax & I a 'w a N - I w ft 0 A a 3
U
10 n It a a a A it it it a K 314 am
* 0 : 0 *10 000 0 0000 0 0 Is 0 *1* 0 *!* *see* 0000 00 04 0 a
099 0 -*** 0 0000 000 0019 10000 00 -so 0- 0 00 00000
-09
.00
a**
-00
off
see
see
I**
off

"The Ileotrical Reeletanoe of Fe-Cr-C Moye at
]Ugh Temperature,* M. 3. Blanter., 8 pp
-*Zhur Eksp i Toor FIzw Vol XVII. No 5
.'-&study of the vwlatlam In. 91wtric resistance
at chrome, steel vith a 6brome o6ntent from 0 to
20 4% ant Mten from 0.12 to 1.41% in the interval
20 to 12000 C.

-Www-l
04 1 a 1 0 1 0 P
a 2 p j
JL
eis a
4* A, 10
00, i I t
00 ; i 1
feer
00%,
wwVW
1 10 11 Q 11 11U I? M
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k*
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-00

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'Woo

OWasliess of Carlem In Awftalft. (in
Russian) M. Z,

#IAK Rhemmi Tekhmirkeskai Asiki (Journal of
see
Tvr n
cal Physical. v. 17. Nov. 1947, it. 1331 1340-

'

400
Describes a now method fair dotprenination of the

ofifflusilon
constant A formula for the atwvt dit-
fusion as a function of caAon con"MratJon and

tool
temptraturv is dorived from a study of czywri-

m"tal data. This
formula hapt a maximum ern-v

of 7.6 ILM 10 vef.
0
&
I I
lt 6.9
Lit HI
U AV 10 As a 0 1 If se 6 do 0 1 a I
.5 .7 1 F 4 99 60 Vt It Zo I I as
a Joe****

giov TTr
,A M - ALM-
90A -iff-A-0tjoc- let- 00
90A
c
00
oc
00
so#
Gowl III
1% WERUMMON OF DIMS1014 COWFICIMS IN AON i,LLOTS. go
tor* ldh6j, val. 14, No. 3, pp.
X&YO *k&ya kbortto"
29;~-u Russian. ^bstracte CoLnto lktiocal to 2& Recherctis
Scientinque, OuUstin AnLlytiue, 1949p vol. 1c, ho. 3, 1836.
I-.&- #'A-TAf,'L-Vft9AL UMAIM CLAWKA"ON
U AV ID to Im A
0,000, 0
. [* - 0010 isso
;Tmall a: 0 Golb 064
Ago
1100
V,00
'Wee
ZOO
too
Do*
Isoo
oil -I I-4it im; it,
a 0 1 w 9, 9
0
oboe*** 000 of
a

JLA MR, M. Y F..
-WAS
Iron Alloyv
Metallography
OQuantitative Kicrostruotars Analysis of Alloys,"
M. To. Blanter, Moscow Aviation Inst, 8 pp
*Uvod lab* Vol XlV,, No 4
Solves problem statistically. Given simple showine
how to determine carbon content of 0.86% 6 steel.
Specimen had been quenched and annealed at 7000 for
6 hours, and etched vith mixture of 4% picrio and
ottrio acids In alcohol. Counting cementite grains
b7 Blanter's method', carbon content vorked out at
IT*

CK
ARM
otm
P1110 X&tW of Analysis
W T&O' SUntori~ ~::'M. A, Galtyj~w J'p
"Urod Zabw V'01 x2y" NO
ft~ject nothod of analysis vas desorlbod
by Salty1m
Is: 1946. Noro'be ropUes to ensuing
disomselon.
Nothod, of deriving basia formals Is
somA.. an is
U14 ronala. itself - fte experimental,
tonm1a cook.
borooorizued, QmU'for iscustrIa stracturom
is tvi;,
sp~61&1 owns,, 14t it to reasonable to
suppose t*'
-,(cc
MIJUWA 11~4) Apr
Onses* 'Apor~In&to f
011 to as*&
sramulsr4od lamil
-joarlite OmMulted.1a Apollcatlon;'
socaut,*
as's

Wn/uptals, AW 108
Auntoulto
A12W Bystems
1"4
*Mbohanim of Butectold DjsjutW&t-,m or AUcrog
AaDtudts, 0 X Ye - 33Anter, 12 pp
OMUw Tokh FUN Vol Xrnj, no 4
DISCUSBOO MW71sn's theory an the jesch-, Am
Of pub-
ject disintegmtIcn. Jkpmrl~Ul data rojeoto
this thOM7. "Mmotica staftes ohm posalwity
or my tmm of prognessim fcw outestola
alsinto.
WAtlan- pldsm~ autv or Us proluou of aullb-
smr~ to 09 1 mqp auwftg de the
to MIRMAW a Ix w to 0 4C aurb=Mwo WU3a ibe
Wwlo
3woomes or ta-l-Ing the ipood of tU outectoll
Alm -&-Ojmr"Jo~ Is I~mod m the diffulca of
carbda
m%, M, th
I e austadto ancW. Sabuitted 17 Nov
207.
6WO2

1. -YAMANSKIY, YA. S.0 FINKELISHTEYN, B. No# AND BLANTER,
Me YE*
2. USSR (600)
4, Physics and Mathematics
7. Phyuical k. undamentala of Metal Science, Yao 8,
Yamanskiy, Be No
FlWcellshteyn, and M. Yo. Blanter. (Atomic Structure of
A11078,
Most,ow, Metallurgy Press,, 1949). Reviewed by V. Do
Ruznetsov and
V, A, Zhdanov,, Sov o KrAga, No 4,, 1960.
go 4= Report U-3081, 10 Jan 1063, Unclassified.

MAWMI M. YR.
29060- YAW OP~*ft]Aifiiya Kritfj-heskoy Skorosti ZWmlki.
ZaTodlmkV& Laboratorlya
3A9, W* 6, 2OM-79
308 latopis, Shurrallrqi& ststey, Vol. 39s Moskut 1949

BIANTER, M. Yl.
29052- 0 KolidumbOom am Ydkrostruktiu~ AnLl:iseo (0tvat Na
Odnolm. Stat Oyu
M. B. SAolovicha V Umm. "gavods!W& tabontoriya"s 1949j, No.
3 S Primach.
Red) Zavodakrqa Laborstmimis 1949, No. 9, S. 2226-27
30s Lotoplal lburmllr4ft Statay, Vol. 39, Xmkva, 1949

Cbj"1t%4,.j IA.
Owe,-iy. (factory
55 .06 ~
inklielktiol
JAO-Atkor 1949. P.
RAW- fi 146, OXOW %hope
twas InvIl I'cludInit new
etuto Deveribea a
b,,ve Pro (a had
TjW a ,TiO
fluence at to till" ti'mum con
in . beiv Bit Op dustlis' 'c' Per
itce rMinil I
ise Of dew on in facto" an
I
;tbod Or plicoble On thete que"I'ing
~
'citinit SP 'art r'latts optitnUT"
quemrophie C rJ"atinn
noln
"P1.1 date
0041tions.
got
see
00
moo
mof
I goo
Sol
del
AID
CLM A,
L L"I"'Est
'PV AA
9 00
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tho CN41ket Q%cwking Rstr
pl"h.4 of Dowu jjw,%a. 2472.4
Wuttlwc. Trawla
M. F
L,&wW priaI
V19-P 1(17T-117-9
1w-vkMly abstraded ffm orlsital.
"TALIMMIC&L tat"Im CLalm"I'm
101444 "it
0 U to 00 A! In I
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o*00000000*0*0090000*00**
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A I AS L A -ITALLUNSICAL

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"am a
*Kim Formula am dt!v-e=.

me

Met. Cr, W. =d
gat c4, NL U dgr,* A

Sig

of vasbaft Wou
Mo WOO I q--hins AVIV
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an

41

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- - ---------

a WWWO41,b 16 wmow,
4 pvr~~t;~ *W k I,* C'
zoralbs;r et ;1,~
S~~OIT&MeK Im b-t 0( d'"%'. p - 41-q,,,
,(l ln~ a ich
0,01 to I

USSR/Metals - Austenite Feb ~O
R Nickel
"The Influence of Nickel on the Diffusion of
Carbon
in Austenite," M. Ye. Blanter, 5 PP
Zhur Tekh Fiz' Vol XX, No 2
Studies influence of nickel content, carbon
concen-
tration, and temperature on diffusion of
carbon in
austenite. Establishes that value of
coefficient
of diffusion increases continuously vith
increase
in degree of alloy1mg. Decrease in beat of
difft-
sion for constant parameter A or slight
lovering
ml~
IC.(ffm
USSR/Metals - Austenite (Contd) Feb 50
(at 18% Ni) is cause of this fact. Expresses
tem-
perature dependence of coefficient of
diffusion -of
carbon in auxtenite in -+'nemtical formulas
for
various contents of nickel. Stabuitted 23 Dee
15WO

bNomm d GoW a 61 Ulmd~m of OwWo is AmIuM.
of voWt an X. ddhmim of ewbm skd wu in
mw dWwiun matins or wbou imoraaw* at
mments with WWI too% Im t
=Umin.
;.;~l it ram
In tmn una Ow mwft*,n& in.
bmkh #vmlm of"
rr:wimw~Arup 141 a m of I % fiftl fffrAlm
ILrAclan"
lk,

11 1 T T 111 !I-v:!-*-.
o
00
00 A
r
00-
t
00 f
0 4
00 it
0 j 0; 1 0* AsIdiokmim an Ike Meths.
0 millm of FAIWOOM irma4wooll" for Affialrofir. (111 Imus,
00 MAn.) ht. F. 0141r. thillodu Mail~ N*dtjA ss.%jj ltqxwt.
0 Of the ArwJmj- "I'AN't Of th' V11811), lk-W M-1I
Mt. 1. 19M p. 791-M
It"Auhl Of 11114TO110100 gre I&6u6t4%k duct-ml. 4nd diKVUIJ
00 W1 !1!
-AttWaftit
WOO$ -40 6bg
&still 419 "V .0
b
o At
;
00
00 oe 00 0-0-9-0-00 60 00-0-00-9 0-0 0 0 00 00 0000 *00 00
v0
1%0
goo
woo
000
wo 0
060
Also
be*
wee.
.Mr-

Ad 51
77
'Wrect.. of 1~~ ''of Cirbcd
San
-Austenite.." M. Ye. Blanter
**bur Tekh Fiz". Vol. Ma, No 7,, pp 818-821
I&* on carbon diffusion effected by nickel
A." cobalt vere previously published by Elan
"Zhur Tekh nz" Vol XVII,, No 2, 1950;
No P., 19401 Vol 'XI, so 80 1950). Here
results of vyvtomatic study of of
0
f mWeanesei on diifusion consts, a Oub-
suffi6itntly studied. A li s
not yet p a
2! L,
cf.
MA

PMDIN-ALUMN, G.I., doktor tokhmichoskikh nauk, professor;
BOL6
ZKOVITINOT, N.Y., doktor takhnichookikh nauk, professor,
reteensent;
X.LNTR doktor takhnichookikh nauk, professor. retmensent:
-'takhnichaskiy rodaktor.
(Structure and strength of mUlo and alloys; collection of
scien-
tific essays] Struktum I proohnost' vietalloy i splavov.
Sbornik
nauchzqkh mbot. Moskva, Gov. nauchno-tekha. isd-ve
mobbostrolt.
lit-rr. Vol. S. 1953. 1W P. (K= 70)
(Metalwork) (Metals--Testing) (Motallography)

BLANMR) M. Ye.
"Technological Importance of Hardenability of St,-elj," PP
49/60 in Modern
Methods of Heat Treating Steel by Dom Inzhenera i Takhnika
-A'.meni F E Dzerzhinskovo.
Gosudarstvennoye Nauchno-Tekhnicheakoye Izdatel'stvo
Mashinriatroitellnoy Literatury,
Moscow (1954) 404 pp.
B-86350i 30 Jun 55

TAMP55 MM3M IWAND DOM '3WTW AID 847 - X
Mann, M. yK. I S. S. GOMLJK~ jj. B. rAsTov, LWMKrY, YA- S.,
DISHM, B. T. and
FIMCEL'SHTEYN, B. N,
FIZICHESKITE OSNOVY KUALLOVEDENIYA (Principles of ph--sical
metallurgy).
Metallurgisdat, 1955. 724 p.j diagre.j tableei photos. 10,000
copies.
printed.
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION:
This book on physical metallurgy is compiled by a group of
prominent Soviet
scientists and is based on a very voluminous literaturep
monographic and
periodicals mostly by Soviet writers. It is not a textbook
but an outline.
of present-da,- achievement in the understanding of the
physical principles
of metallography and a survey of physical metallurgy problems
as seen by
Soviet Scientists. Two main problems of theoretical physical
metal].urgy
are emphasized: the thencry Of ~harje structure and the
thror7 of phase for-
mation. Presented in addition are the iresent-day c ncept5
concerning
plastic defor.-Tation of metals, recovery and
recrystallization, &nd finally
a study of the connection bet-,reon the structure and
composition of alloys
and their strengthe

- - ff---T
1-~- -`- X- . I

rt - ;, . I " ': I !, f., ., -~ I I-V ~ ~ ,,,
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-... 1 7 - :- , ,;, ~ .. .. : : " ~ . - , ,

,.: 1. --, --r- 1--- --. .1 ---- ---
m
I - -

V) - -11 (1
13 L A N T E f~,
ALITGAUZU, O.N., kandidat fisiko-matenaticheskikh nauk;
BJMNSHTXYN, M.L.,
kaniUdat teMicheskikh nauk; ImIcIll L I , doktor tokhaichaskikh
nauk; BOKSHTSYN, B.Z., doktor tekhnicheek nauk; SOUMOVITINOTA,
T**N,g kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauk; BCRZDTXA, A.M., doktor
tekhal-
obeekikh nauk; BUNIN, X.F., doirtor tokhnicheakikh nauk:
VINOORAD.
M.1., knodidat tobbnlchoaklkh nauk; VOLOVIK, B.Ye., doktor
tekhniche-
skikh nauk [deceased]; UNOT, N#Ios Inshoser; GXUJM, Tu.A.,
doirtor
tekhnicheskikh nauk; GO M do 5.3*0 kandidat tekhalcheakikh nauk;
GOLIDMMXRG, A.A., kandidat tokhnichaskikh asuk; GOTLIB, L.L.
kandl-
dat tokhalchaskikh nank; GRIGOROVICK, V.I., kandidat
tekhnicheskikh
nauk; OULTAYNF. D.B., daktor takhatchookikh nauk; DOTGAL]ffSKrT,
T&.N,,
kandidat takhnichookikh nauk; DWOTTSW. ?.A., kandidat takhatchs-
skikh nauk; XVIN. I.F., doktor takhoicheekikh nauk; LWHIS. 3.1h.,
lashener; XCRITSKLY. T.a.. Imnelidat takhnichookikh nauk; LANDA,
A.P.,
doktor takhmicheek1kh nauk; LWKIN, I.N., imadidat tekhnichesk*h
nauk; LITSHITSO L.B.6-handidat tekbaloheskikh nauki LIVOT, N.A.,
kandidat tekMt 'chaskikk naukj NALTSHIT.I.A.. Itandidat
takhnichaskikh
nauk; KIYAUGS, G.A*. doletor takhatchask1kh nauke, KINKITICR,
A.R.,
ImAdidat takhnichaskikh nauki 1=02, L.B., daktor takhnichoskikh
nauk-. UTANSON. AX., kandidat tekhnichaskikh nauk; RAW INOT,
A.M.,
inzhener; MAKKINOT, D.K., kandidat tekhnichaskikh nank; POGWtff-
AIMMITIT, G.I., doktor takhnichookikh nauk-, POPOYA. N.M.,
kumlidat
takhatchoskikh nauk-, PONT. A.A., kandidat tokhaicheskikh nauk;
RAKEMAN, A.G., kandidatfakhnicheskikh nauk-. ROGILIBM. I.L.,
Imudidat tekhnicheskikh nauk;
(Continued on next car4)

ALITGAUZZU, O.S.---- (continued) Ca rd 2.
SADOMIY,. V.D., doictor tokhnicheakikh nauk; SALTMV, S.A.,
In2hener; SOBOLIV, N.D.. imadidat tokhnichookikh nauk;
S010DIIHIN,
A.G., kandidat t6khalobtakikh nauk; t'NABSKIY, U.S.,
imudidat
takhniche~kM nauk; V1XVSXIT, L.K., kandidat
tokhnicheskikh nauk;
FRID14AN, TseP., dektor tekhnicheskikh nauk; KRIKYSHIN.
7.F.,
kandidat tekhnicheskikh nauke, IMSHCROV, M.N., doktor
tekhniche-
skikh nauk; CHARRASHKIN. T.O., kandidat tekhalcheskikh
nauk; SHAPIRO,
M.N.. Inahener; SHEDLINIX, L.N., kandidat tokhaicheskikh
nauk;
SHRATM, D.S., kandidat tokhnicheakikh nauk; SECRAPOV.
N.P.. doktor
takhnichookikh nauk; GOTSOT , N.T., !k1radsmikg redaktor;
GORODIN, A.M.
redaktor isdatelletva; UYNGHTCY. YesS., tekhnicheakiy
redaktor
[Physical metallurgy and the heat treatment of steel and
iron; a
reference book] Notallovedenie I ternicheskala obrabotko
stall I
chuguna; spravochnik. Pod red, I.T.Dudtacya,
N.L.Bernshtsinag A.G.
itakhahtadta. Moskva, Go*. nauehno-tokhn. ind-vo lit-ry
po chernol. i
tevetnoi astallurgii. 1956. 1204 V. (KLRA 9-.9)
1. Chlen -korrespondent Akademil nauk USSR (for Bunin)
(Steel-Beat tteatment) (Iron--Heat treatment)
(Physical metallurgy)

M7

, t li ". -,", - I -'. ; - ~ i , - _; ~ .
I , - 1~11 ! I , -;. -; .
N", :-: ~ I . . ~ : - V., . , , -- ~: :,
- .- . I . . ! I ~~ , .1. ~ -'l, ~ 4- , .-. .
-- - ,

AUTHORS: Metashop, L A., Ing. and Blanter, M.Ye. Dr. of
Tech-.
Sc., Prof. Noscow Aviatfo-n-M-stitute).
~ITLZ: Work hardening recrystallisation and softening of
alloyed austenite. (Naklep, rekristallizatsiya
i razuprochneniye legirovannogo austenita).
PERIODICAL: "Metallovede,iie i Obrabotka Metallov"
(Metalllur, and
Metal Treatment)~ 1957, .110.5, PP-15-13 (U.S.S.R-~
ABSTRACT: The influence of the content in alloying elements
and of the degree of preliminary plastic deformation
on the recrystallisation and softening of the
austenit6 are investigated on alloy steels of composi-
tions such that they are able to retain the austenitic
struct,,Ire under very high degrees of deformation; the
austenite contained basically 1.0 to 1.2% C and about
12% Mn. The chemical compositions of the four
investigated alloys are given in a Table, p.16. The
specimens were plastically deformed by compression on
a 50 ton press with a deformation speed of 1.22 and
7.56 mm/min, the limit degree of deformation equalling
35 to 37%. To gain a good idea on the influence of
the degree of plastic deformation on the studied
phenomena all the alloys were plastically deformed by
5, 129 18 and 36% respectively. Softening and
recrystallisation were inves8igated after heating fro%
the room temperature to 1100 C, at steps of 50 to 100wC
'1 /12 for experimentally determined holding times.

Work hardening recrystallisation and softening of 612
alloyed austenite. (Cont.) -
Simultaneously the softening of work hardened austenite
was investigated and also the separation and
dissolution of the graphite phase during heating. It
was found that the separation-dissolution of carbides
and the softening during heating of previously work
hardened alloyed austenite proceed independently. This
is due to the fact that in these two processes
particles participate which have differing mobility
under equal temperature conditions. Whilst graphite
formation is associated with the diffusion of high
mobility carbon particles, the softening of previously
work hardened austenite is due to the displacement of
atoms of the basic lattice of iron, manganese etc.
Uhange in the alloying or in the degree of plastic
deformation influences appreciably the mobility of the
metallic atoms of the basic crystal lattice; increase
in the chromium content or decrease in the plastic
deformations leads to a lower mobility of the metallic
atoms and increase in the softening temperature of the
austenite. These conclUSiOUB contradict accepted views
on the inter-relation between the processes of
separation-dissolution of particles of a new phase and
the softening of a previously work hardened alloy
r",q

Work hardening recr stallisation and softening of
alloyed auetenite. Mnt.)
during heating; this is true only in cases in which
atoms of the same type participate in the processes
of separation-dissolution of particles of a new
phase and in the softening. In such cases the
processes are inter-related owing to the equal
temperature conditions of the diffusion mobility of
these particles. Study of the softening of the
work hardened austenite solely by a microscopic
method may yield inaccurate data.(exceBsively high
temperature values). Particular attention is drawn
to the fact that the temperature range of austenite
softening is large; complete softening takes place
for manganese alloyed austenite.in the.temperature
range 850 to 900 0. 6 graphs, 1 table. 14 references,
7 of which are Russian.
Card 3/3

.AUTHORS:
Blanter, M. Ye., Dr. of Tech. So. Prof., 655
,
N0V!c?MoV-,T-.V., Engineer.
TITLE:
On the problem and nature of
martensitic transformation.

(K voprosu o prirode marteasitnogo
prevrashcheaiya).
PERIODICAL:
"Metallovedenie i Obrabotka
Metallov" (Metallur and

Metal Treatment)$ 1957, No.9, PP-1174
(U-S-S-R-~
ABSTRAMOneof the important features of martensite
transformation

is the formation of definite quantities of
martensite

and cessation of further decomposition of the
residual

austenJte for each given cooling temperature below

the
transformation point. Various hypotheses aimed at

explaining
this phenomenon have not been confirmed by

experimental data.
The phenomenon is being explained

by micro non-uniformities in
the distributioa of

carbon in the austenite volume (1) and
G.V.Kurdyumov

assumes the presence in austenite of frozen
hetero-

phase fluctuations. Other authors assume the formation

during martensitic transformation of austenite volumes

which
are subjected -'-,o pressure from all sides and,

therefore,
have lower temperatures of martensite

transformation; the
influence of compression from all

Bides on a lowering of the
martensitic transformation

point has recently been
experimentally proved (2).

However, the latter hypothesis is
not always applicable

since the necessity of reducing the
temperature for
Card 1/4

't a
On the problem and nature of martensitic
transforghon,
(Cont.)
affecting martensitic transformation is observed
immediately after the formation of the first
martensite acicules. All the above hypotheses
are based on the invarian6e of the state and the
properties of the austenite in the process of the
martensitie transformation. The authors of this
paper base their conceptions on the possibility of
obtaining irreversible changes in the austenite
during the martensitic transformation which
increase
with the development of the transformation process;
the martensitic transformation may cause phase
hardening of the residual austenite. These
irreversible changes may cause cessation of growth
~.,f the new phase at a given temperature and its
progress during further lowering of the
temperature.
The changes in the state of the residual austenite
during the martensitic transformation was st-adied
on
cuts of 10 mm dia., 6 mm height made of high carbon
manganese alloyed steels which were heated to 680 C
in sealed copper ampules and after cooling in oil
they were subjected for various times to cooling in
vapours of liquid ox7gen so that
austenite-martensite
structures were obtained containing various
quantities
of residual austenite. The studied steels contained

On the problem and nature of martensitic transforMion.
(Cont.)
respectively 1.21, 1.18 and 1-52% C and 2.04, 2.98 and
2.94% Mn. An increase in the marten3ite cont,ent
from 20.4 to 39 and 50.6% respectively brings about an
-facrease in the modal microhardness of2the residual
austanite from 240 to Mand 280 kg/cm respectively;
for martensite contents of 78 and 89% the modal micro-
hardness values gf the residual austenite increase to
410 to 460 kg/mm respectively. Increase of the
phase hardening of the residual austenite during the
martensite transformation"leads to an increase of the
stability of the residual austenite against
martensitic tran formation. Thus, the authors obtained
experimental proof during martensite transformation that
a continuous change of the state of the austenite takes
place and that the resulting phase hardening and
strengthening of the residual austenite leads to an
increased resistance of the residual austenite to
further martensitic transformation. Thus, the cause
of cessation of growth and of germination of martensite
crystals under isothermal conditions is the increased
resistance of the austenite due to phase hardening and
increased strength of the residual austenite which can
be overcome only by further lowering of the temperature
Card 3/4

655
On the problem and nature of martensitic transformation.
(Cont.)
or by applying adequate deformation stresses. Fig.1
contains the curves of distribution of the micro-
hardness fields of the residual austenite of one of
the studied steels for various stages of martensitic
transformation; Fig.2 shows the influence on the micro-
hardness of the residual austenite of the phase
hardening in the process of martensite transformation
during cold treatment; Fig.3 shows the influence of
the stresses on the martensitic transformation of the
residual austenite in the case of applying tensile
stresses. Fig.4 shows the influence of the degree of
phase hardening on the resistance of the residual
austenite against martensitie transformation.
4 figures and 4 Slavic references.
ASSOCIMIION:All Union Correspondence Course Engineering
Institute.
(Vsesoyuznyy Zaochnyy Mashinostroitellnyy Institut)
AVATT-A T
Cowd 4/4

AUTHORS:
TITLE:
129-12-4/11
-Blanter, M. Ye. Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof.
1~nd Kuznetsov, L. I., Engineer.
Rearystallization processes in alloyed nickel alloys.
(Rekristallizatsionn7p protsessy v legirovannykh
splavakh nikelya).
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeni e i 0brabotka Metallov, 1957,
No.12,
PP. 31-36 (USW
ABSTRACT: Systematic data on the influence of the alloying
elements
on the recrystallization processes in binary nickel
alloys are not available, except those published by
Davis, M., Densem, C.E., Rendball, J.H. (Ref.1) for
Ni-W alloys. Therefore the authors of this paper
studied the influence ol Mo, Or, Ti and Co on the
process of softening,"reeovery",and recrystallization in
binary nickel base alioye, The composition of the alloys
was selected in accordance with the diagrams of state
of nickel and the respeetive element in the range of
homogeneous solid solutions, see Table 1, P.32. The
Ni-Mo, Ni-Cr and Ni-Oo alloys were produced in a
chromium-magnesite cruciblevinside a high frequency
furnace,and the Ni-Ti alloys were produced in a
Card 1/5 magnesite crucible. After casting into 3.5 kg ingot,

Recrystallization processes in alloyed nickel alloys.
129-12-4/11
the material was forged into rods 9f 9 x 9 mm cross
section and annealed at 880 to 890'C for 30 minutes.
Following that,the rods were cut into specimens 6 to 7 mm
high and deformed at room temperature by means of a 50 ton
press with reductions of 5, 10, 25 and 38%. The
recrystallization processes were studied on the basis of
metallographic analysis and by the hardness method.
The grain size of the alloys was characterized by the
specific area of division of the grains (S mm /mm3)
determined by means of the method of random secants
proposed by Saltykov, S.A. (Ref.2). The results of
investigations of the influence of preliminary plastic
deformation for the alloy US are reproduced in the
graph, Fig.1, which shows the inSluence of the heating
temperature on the size of the specific surface of the
grain boundaries for an Mo cor).'Went of 8.17%. The
graph, Fig.2, shows the influence of -IV-he heating
temperature OIL the hkrdness of a preliminarily work
hardened alloy 98 whilst the graph, Fig.3, gives the
results of investigations of 14he softening and the
changes in the specific surface of the grain boundaries.
Oard 2/5 The influence of the heating temperature on the
magnitude

Recrystallization processes in alloyed nickel alloys.
129-12-4/11
of the specific surface of the grain boundaries was
investigated on a series of Ki-Mo alloys, all subjected
to an equal preliminary plastic deformation of 38% and
the results are plotted in Fig.41 P-3~; the graph ~ Pis.51
shows the influence of go on the rearystallization
processes and on the softening. The results of
investigations of the influence of about 5 at.% of Ti,
Or, Co and Mo on the reorystallixation processes for a
preliminary plastic deformation of 38% are graphed in
Fig.6, P-34. Comparison of the results of investigations
of the recry8tallization with results relating to
softening enabled clarification of the role of individual
recrystallization Processes and the influence of alloying
elements on these processes. In U8 nickel-molybdenum
alloys containing 8.17 wt.% No (5-19 at.%) the initial
stage of softening is determined by the recovery process,
the temperature range of which decreases continuously
and regularly with increasing degrees of preliminary
plast1c doforackVigai �9,TVVA=5, -Coo-pemled by =ec=ysimll-
izatiog treatment, takes place within a temperature margin
Card 3/5 of 100 C and the softening is accompanied by
selective

Recrystallization processes in alloyed nickel alloys.
129-12-4/11
recrystallization within a temperature margin of 25 to 500C.
With increasing Mo content the structure of the alloy
becomes continuously finer for an equal degree of plastic
deformation; increase in the Mo content leads to a
continuous increase of the temperature of the beginning
of the recrystallization processes and also of the
temperature of the beginning and end of the softening
and these temperatures increase particularly sharply for
Mo contents above 8 wt.%. Softening of preliminarily
deformed nickel alloys is a consequence of the recovery
processes, recrystallisation treatment and selective
recrystallization; depending on the character of the
alloying, tne importance of each of these processes will
di as regmxb removing the work hardening. In non-alloyed
nickel the softening coincides with recrystallization
treatment; introduction of equal contents of Co, Cr, Ti
and Mo (about 5 at.%) changes the character of this
softening. Introduction of Co leads to a larger zone
of recovery temperatures; the recovery phenomenon is
also observed in the case of introduction of Mo. On
introducing Co Ti or Mo. the final softening takes
Card 4/5 place during selective recryBtallization. In the
case of

Recr-stallization processes in alloyed nickel alloys. 129-12-4/11
equal atomic concentrations (about 5%) of the alloying
elements of the 4th period of the periodic system, the
initial softening temperature increases on changing over
from Co to Cr and Ti.
There are 6 figures, 1 table and 2 references, one of
which is Slavic.
ASSOCIATION: All-Union Correspondence Institute of Mechanical
Engineering
(Vsesoyuznyy Zaochnyy Mashinostroitellnyy Institut)
AVATLA I Library of Congress,
Card 5/5

1J. e.
ATITHORS:
TITLE:
Bernsteyn, M. L., Candidate of Technical Sciences
7~2-10-16/32
131~~tqK, 14. Ye., Profossor, Doctor of Technical Sciences
Doctor of Technical Sciences
Achievementn and Tendencies in the Development of Soviet
MetaLUgrqAy (Doatizheniya i tendentaii v ruzvitii sovetskoy
meta1lografti
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1957, Vol 21, Hr 10,
p1p, 1202-1211 (USSR)
LBSTRACT: In the intr~~duction the hintory of the
develonnent if micro-
and macroscopic research work carried out in the world
(since the end of the 19th century) and in the U3SR (since
the October revolution) is described. The report is divided
into ~~ chapters entitled:
1.) LiE!it nicroscopy. As the most notable the work
(-trried out
in this field by D. N. Rozhdeetvonskiy, S. I.
V. P. Lennik, and A. A. Lebedev is described. The ;--,ti il
industry of the USSR is at prenent producinE the
anDaratus (which are here described as beinC up-to-date):
microscopes "IMM-011, "MM-611 and "LH Y-S, which are
remarkable, besides their very uniform illumination, also
Card 1/4 by Eui add*tional lateral illumination and are
destined for

Achievements and Tendencies in the Development of Soviet
~2-1o-16/32
MetalIography
enlareements of up to the three-fold. For the increase of
the coiitrz,,_4t effect (uzcn which special stre-s is laid here)
an rdditionvl aevice is provided for t'ie :-.icroscope
COIISi3ti"L, Of*- a LWtal mirror condjnser with
parabolic reflection, it rirV,-shaped diaphrabun, and z!
shiftible auxiliary line. For thin pur;~Ove a dark field
Is used. Furthernore, the use of "conical" and 11rolarized"
lij,,ht in t1if microscope is mentioned, but the imptlet:Ients
nece!7nary for this purpose aru not described. A3 one of the
"Itint achievements of optical technical erEineerinj;II the
nuthod of phase contrast is inentionod,which is based upon
P_ v1pecially constriictad t4.dditioral device "Kq-311 for the
microscope 1ILMU-611. Ancthor additional device, called
Ifily 11 akes it poonible to take photoerapho in the microscope
, , r,
by means of = ordinary camera. Furthvrnore, the llhi~;h
prUcoure mercury liLht source" is described hure ua well as
31,orti-,,ave ultraviolet rays In 1he microgcope in connection
with
the chzmLe of color. The respective a-,paratus is not described.
Further, the newly constructed microscope IIIAKL-14" with
remote control for radioactive subs'Ances and a television
Card 2/4 microscope, which radiatea a picture from a microscope
on to

Achievements and Tendencies in the Developmttnt of Soviet
32-10-16/32
xetauograyhy
a screen, are mentioned. The make is not mentioned.
2.) High-Temperature Metit1lorraphy. Works by I. A. Oding,
and Lt. G. Lozinskly ef the Institute for ,,!achine Science
of
the AN USSR are referred to. Research methods are divided
into two groups: i.) Methods for the investication of the
microstructure of heated metals and alloys, and 2.) methods
for the investiCation of the properties of metals under
the influence of different temperatures. In Ceneral heating
in a vacuum (in rarefied air) is dealt with, because, if
these
conditions prevail, the formation of crusts and films can be
avoided. As a device suited for this purpose the 11 MMAW-SM"
is mentioned, which makes it possible to carry out research
work at temperatures of up to 11000C at vacuum tensions of up
to 60 kg/mm2 and to measure deformations. 3.) Measurii
metallography (here described as utilizution metallurgyl. It
consists in the measurine and judg_,ng of intercryotal and
other structural intermediate distances, austenite trans-
formations, structural shifting and other structural changes
occurrine in alloys when they are therinally or mechanically
Card '1/4 etc. treated. The most important works in this
fields are by

Anhirw,~,if-~nts and Tendencies in the Development of Soviet
32-10-16/32
Meta1lograyhy
S. A. Saltykov, I. L. Mirkin, A. A. Gla~-olev and the "very
latest" are by L. S. Morozov, N. N. Sirota, S. Z. Boksteyn
.0^40and N. M. Steinberg (this in an extract from the total
list).
There are 5 references, all of which are Slavic.
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
1. Science-USSR-Progress 2. Microscopy
Card 4/4

SVBGHNIKOV, T.N., akadevilk; STARODUBOV, K.T.,
akadeadk; DTKOT. A.K., prof.;
YJILIYANOT, A*Ae; CBEMKHOT, Yu.A., prof.: SHCHAPOT.
N.P., prof.-,
B so, pro 0
Uv Sawdlovich Dlugach; obituary. Eav. lab. 23
no.12:152?-1528 '57,
(KM Ilt2)
1. AN TJSSR (for fteohnikov, Starodubov).
(Dlugach. lev Samdlovioh, 1887-1957)

83498
S/123/59/000/008/028/043
AOO4/AOO2
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mashinostroyeniye,
1959, No. 8, p. 112,
# 29413
AUTHORS- Blanter, M. Ye., Kuznetaov, L. I,
TITLE: Softening, jeocyJeand Recrystallization of Nickel
Alloy.
PERIODICAL: Tr. Omskogo mashinostroit. in-ta 1958, No. 2,
pp. 91-109
TEXT: The authors investigated the effect of Cr, Mo, Ti,
Co, and Al on
the processes of softening, recovery and reory3tallization
of niokel-base alloys.
Moreover, they determined the effects of temperatures in
the range of from room
temperature to 1,1000C and the degree of alloying an the
changes in hardness of
non-deformed alloys, on the softening of differently
alloyed and differently
defomed alloys and on the stru3tural ohWes during the
softening of alloys.
Comparing the mechanical properties of nickel alloys
possessing an optimum
content of alloying elements it follows that the hardness
of these alloys Is in
the most effevtive way Increased by Mo, while Cr, Ti, W and
Al have a lower
effect. It is shown that an increase in alloying elements
(for the same degree
of cold hardening) causes an Increase In the temperature
range of softening. In
Card 1/2

83498
8/123/59/000/008/028/043
Aoo4/AO02
Softening, Recover7 and Recrystallization of Nickel Alloys
Ni-No-alloys with 12% No and a cold hardening of 3W the
softening temperature_
range amoun~a to 600-1 60000C, while0for 89 Mo, 1% Mo and
pure nickel the values
are 500-675 C, 450-600 and 400-500 respectively.
Investigating the structure
of NI-Mo-alloys for the whole softening temperature renge
it was found that the
initial period of softening is not accompanied by
structural modifications and
that the softening observed in this temperature range Is
stipulated by the
phenomenon of the recovery. Mo-alloying in proportion to
the Mo-content promotes
the refining of the plastically deformed nickel-&Iloya and
also increases the
initial temperature of softening, machining
recrystaIlitation and collective
-per7stallization. The alloys with an 8% Mo-content or more
show a particularly
h7brupt increase in these characteristics. The recovery
phenomenon is not observed
in Cr- or Ti-alloyed alloys. The initial softening
temperatures of a number of
nickel-alloys with Co, Mo, Cr and Ti are in the range of
400 0C for pure niAel
to 6000 for Ni-alloys with 4,27% Ti. There are 11 figures
and 5 references.
L. Kh. Sh.
Translator's note: This is the full translation of the
original Russian
abstract.
Card 2/2

/1/
129-4-2/12
AUTHORS: Metashop L.A. Engineer and Bl ter M. Ye., Doctor of
Technicai Scien'cesprof.'
TITLE: Hardening, softening and heat resistance of alloyed
austenite. (Naklep, razuprochneniye i zharoprochnost'
legirovannogo austenita).
PERIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, 1958, No.4,
pp. 7-9 (USSR).
ABSTRACT: The first aim of the described investigations was
establishing a dependence between the hardening, the
process of softening during heating and the characteris-
tics of long duration and short duration strength at
elevated temperatures. For this purpose the plastic
deformation was studied of the complex alloyed austenitic
class steel M 481 (0-38% Of 0.58% Sis 8.4% MnI 12.67% Or,
7.6% Nit 1.13% MCI 1.31% VI 0.48% Nb 0.008% S and
0.01.5% P.). The preliminary hardening was effected by
tensile stretching of 3.5 mm dia. specimens by 18%.
For investigating the effect of softening, specimens were
heated in a 0salt bath for 15 mins to temperatures between
450 and 800 C and it was found that for t8e given degree
of deformation thS softening began at 550 C and
Card 112 terminated at 750 C. The possibility of using work

129-4-2/12
Hardening, softening and heat resistance of alloyed austenite.
hardening for improving the heat resistance of austenitic
steels should be combined with suitable alloying which
leads to an increase in the temperature of the softening
threshold of the austenite. Therefore, the second task
of the investigations was to study the influence of
alloying elements on the temperature threshold of
softening of Mn containing austenite (1.2% CS 12% Mn),
which was additionally alloyed by various quantities of
Cri Ni Co and Mo. The results obtained for a
preliminary deformation of 18% are entered in the graph,
Fig.4.
There are 4 figure and 1 Russian reference.
ASSOCIATION: All-Union Correspondence Mechanical Engineering
Institute, (Vsesoyuznyy Zaochnyy Mashinostroitellnyy
Institut).
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress,
Card 2/2

BOV/129-58-12-6/12
!UTHORS: Bla1jZax,_X,,.Te., Doctor of Technical Sciences,
Professor,
Kulakov, N.A., Sergeychev, I.M., Mikhin, T.A. and
Faynbron, S.D. , Engineers
I
TITLE: Hardening in Water-air Mixtures (Zakalka v vodo-
vozdushnykh smesyakh)
IMIODICAL: Metallovedeniye i Obrabotka Metallov, 1958, Nr 12,
pp 29 - 34 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The authors investigated systematically the influence of
the main factors on the cooling capacity of water-air
mixtures for hardening for the purpose of obtaining
quantitative characteristics which can be u-.4ed as a basis
for a controlled technological process. Use of water-air
mixtures of various compositions pwmits obtaining a wide
range of cooling regimes, from cooling in a jet of pure
aii up to quenching in a water jet. For obtaining the
water-air mixtures, a nozzle with a special end piece was
used, the purpose of which was to widen the atomising angle.
The air pressure was maintained by means of a direct-
action pressure regulator. The water-flow rate between
18 and 116 litres/hour was measured with an RS-5 rotaineter
and the flow rate of 185 to 1 030 litres/hour was measured
Cardl/5 by means of a rotameter RS-7 with an accuracy of 1.5-2.5%

'Aarder-ing in Water-air Mixtures SOV/129-58-12-6/12
Special filters were fitted to prevent clogging-up of
the water-supply system. Cooling curves were recorded
by means of a potentiometer with visual control of the
operation of the thermocouples. At first, the problem
of the optimun distance of the joraftft- nozzle from the
surface of the plate to be hardened was investigated and
the obtained relations are graphed in Figure 3. Owing to
great practical difficulties involved in systematic
investigation of * massive steel bodies, the authors
used a method of thermal modelling, as proposed by
A.L. Nemchinskiy (Ref 2) which is based on the principle
that in the case of cooling of bodies of sufficient
length, the cooling takes place as a result of heat trans-
fer from tt* kVgWWUn&lazflm whilst the heat transfer between
adjacent voiumeo of approximately equal temperature is
negligible. The heat-exchange qonditions were simulated
by means of an analogue, a sketah of which is shown in
Figure 4. The coolinb curves obtained under conditions
of thermal modelling of water are graphed in Figure 5.
In view of the fact that the objective index of the cooling
capability is the magnitude of the cooling speed, the
Card2/5 obtained cooling curves were differentiated
graphically

11ardening in Water-air Mixtures SOV/129-58-12-6/12
by the method of plotting normals, described in an earlier
paper of one of the authors (Ref 4). The influence of
the degree ef humidification of the air on the cooling
speed is graphed in Figure 6; it can 0be seen that the
cooling speed will be highest at 800 C except for the
water-flow rate of 200 litres/hogr, in which case the
maximum cooling speed is at 700 C. With increasing
humidification, the rate of cooling increases, as can b6
seen from Figure "r. The influence of the air pressure on
the cooling speed is graphed in Figure 8. The influence
of the thickness of the cooled steel body on the cooling
speed is graphed in Figure 9. The influence of the degree
of hilmidi ication on the depths of the hardened layer is
graphed in Figure 10. It was established in the experi-
menta that the cooling power of the investigated mixtures
varies within a wide range and cooling in oil is equivalent
to cooling in slightly-humidified air with a water-flow
rate of about 20 litres/hour under the same conditions.
It was experimentally established that the optimum
distance from the spraying nozzle to the surface to be
Card3/5 cooled equals 500 mm, while the optimum air pressure

Hardening in Water-air MJxtures BOV/129-58-12-6/12
equals 3 atm. For the particular case of hardening of
massive bodies with sharp cross-section changes, the
maximum permissible water-flow rate for the steel 5KhNV
equals 100 litres/hour and the active cooling surface
equals 0.05 - 0.20 12 per each atomiser nozzli- of the
applied design. It is shown that investigation of the
pertaining relations can be extended to bodies of 400 -
.700 = thick. Thus, use of special metering apparatus
permits working out of a correctly-controlled method of
hardening by means of water-air mixtures, ensuring
standard heat-treatment results whereby control of the
process can be made fully automatic. Due to the great
simplicity of the equipment, the method can be recommended
as a completely satisfactory and economic substitute
for hardening in oils and other special media.
Card 4/5

de
gardening in Water-air Mixtures
SOV/129-58-12-6/12
There are 10 figures and 5 references, 4 of which
are Soviet and 1 German.
Card 5/5