ADDRESS BY HON. NORMAN S. PAUL, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, BEFORE THE 64TH NATIONAL CONVENTION OF VFW AT SEATTLE, WASH. EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. L.. MENDEL RIVERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000400280008-8
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• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 30, 2004
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: October 1, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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Appendix
Address by Mayor Dawahare, of Hazard,
Ky., Before the U.S. Conference of
Mayors
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOHN SHERMAN COOPER
OF KENTUCKY
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, October 1, 1963
Mr.. COOPER. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD the speech of Mayor William
C. Dawahare, of Hazard, Ky., on June 12,
1963, before the U.S. Conference of
Mayors, meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Hazard, Ky., a community of 6,000
people, is the county seat of Perry Coun-
ty, named for Commodore Oliver Haz-
ard Perry. Mayor Dawahare's speech
tells of the heroic efforts of-the people
of Hazard and Perry County to meet the
adverse economic conditions resulting
from the technological changes in the
coal industry which have reduced the
number of miners employed in the coal
mines of eastern Kentucky. It is an in-
spiring story of the spirit of the people
of eastern Kentucky.
There being no objection, the speech
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FEDERAL-CITY COOPERATION ON PUBLIC
WORKS
(By Hon. Wm. C. Dawahare, mayor of
Hazard, Ky.)
When I became mayor of Hazard, Ky, I felt
a real sense of honor and privilege. This was
my greatest challenge-to do something to
help our city become a better place in which
to live.. But, I never realized that this office
would lead to this wonderful opportunity to
speak to so many of the great mayors of
America. I am deeply honored and grateful
on behalf of all the citizens of Hazard for
this moment to talk with you.,
I asked someone why I was included on
this program. I'm mayor of a little town
in a depressed area in the mountainous coal
mining country of southeastern Kentucky.
Hazard is the county seat of Perry County,
Ky., named for Commodore Oliver Hazard
Perry, famed naval hero of the Battle of
Lake Erie. The official population of Hazard
is about 6,000. The immediately adjacent
fringe area brings this to about 35,000 within
a few miles, and it serves as a geographic,
trading and business center for about 300,000
people.
Hazard is in the John Fox, Jr., country of
Kentucky, the locale of the "Little Shepherd
of Kingdom Come" and "The Trail of the
Lonesome Pine," two famous bestsellers of
a half a century or more ago. Unfortunately,
much of the glamour of the realization of
the dreams of Mr. Fox's novels is gone and
many of our present troubles in southeastern
Kentucky are those incidental to the dislo-
cation growing out of changing technology,
.economic adjustments and realinements in
the fuels industry.
Our town faces the same problems of those
of the many. small towns throughout the
country. These include -the problems of
transition from a declining mining or agri-
cultural based economy to the industrial
economy we must have to provide new jobs.
The underdevelopment of basic facilities, not
provided adequately before, but now ab-
solutely essential to development of a new
economy, and blight and decay of all kinds,
now frustrate any efforts to redevelop. Fi-
nally, the problem is aggravated by the com-
bination of high and rising costs of develop-
ment-population with great needs and
growing percentages of young and old persons
with. greater public needs in the fields of
education and welfare-and the problem of a
dwindling and inadequate tax base resulting
from various factors, including a heavy out-
migration of citizens at taxpaying age.
Citizens all over America face big prob-
lems-growing needs, rising costs and dimin-
ishing tax bases. What makes Hazard dif-
ferent? What makes our problem worse?
Well, we sometimes say that we've been so
far behind in eastern Kentucky that we don't
even have modern problems.
Hazard is located in the very heart of the
beautiful but economically distressed eastern
Kentucky mountain region. This region has
been hit by every problem that troubles
America-and twice as hard. With automa-
tion in coal mines and loss of coal markets;
dwindling timber reserves; loss of marginal
farming opportunities; the absence of an
established industrial base for new growth-
eastern Kentucky represents the most se-
verely distressed area in the United States.
We're not proud of this. But we are proud
of eastern. Kentucky and we have to face
these facts to rebuild a fair opportunity for
people to live in this great region.
My privilege here today is to tell you that,
in spite of all the problems of Hazard and all
the problems of eastern Kentucky, we are
succeeding in development.
Our progress in eastern Kentucky began
.with the administration of our current Gov-
ernor, Bert Combs. Governor Combs comes
from this region; he understands our prob-
lems. These problems and the action that
would have to be taken to meet them were
realistically outlined by the eastern Ken-
tucky Regional Planning Commission in a
report made at the time of Governor Combs'
inauguration. The new Governor recog-
nized the report as a blueprint for action.
Construction of a regional highway is mov-
ing fast, and a great section leading toward
Hazard is already in use. No single action
is more dramatic or symbolic than the great
highway which is a breakthrough to the
barrier of isolation of our mountain
country.
The building of this symbolic highway is,
of course, much more than a construction
project. It is an act of faith in the future
of our region. It is a demonstration of faith
that our people will work for themselves-
that we will use the new highway and other
facilities to the fullest and that we will build
up our communities as centers of commerce
and industry, of education and culture, and
of development and technology.
When I became mayor of Hazard, we were
already working hard on development. In
addition to efforts made over and over to
bring in industry, we were trying hard to
solve the problems of community improve-
ment needed for industry. We carried out
the first successfully completed urban re-
newal project in the southeastern United
States. We have three additional urban re- -
newal projects in the planning stages. Also,
we have three projects under the accelerated
public works program in the construction
stage-extension of water and sewer facili-
ties, a street paving project and a new mu-
nicipal building.
In the way of financing our portion of the
cost, Hazard has always enjoyed excellent
credit. We, take pride in the fact that, -even
in spite of the handicaps Hazard has ex-
perienced, we. have never been - in default
with interest or principal on any obligation.
Our floating debt is current, and because of
this, almost all improvements are being fl-
nanced by revenue bonds, which are eagerly
sought by investors. We recommend rev-
enue bonds wherever possible because of the
speed with which funds may be made avail-
able. Our street paving project now in
progress is financed by property assessments,
which are insignificant, thanks to the ac-
celerated public works grant.
At the time I became mayor, spirits were
lower than I had ever seen them. Business
was at a low ebb. More and more we heard
people threatening to sell their homes and
take their businesses elsewhere. -
I needed advice and I needed help. I was
determined that there had to be a way to
solve our problems. In setting up his pro-
gram for eastern Kentucky, Governor Combs
had appointed a special assistant, a young
man named John Whisman, to develop new
ideas and to coordinate action. I decided to
talk with him.
"Willie," he said, "the difficulty is that
each project you want to do in Hazard seems
impossible. But each one seems impossible
because you need so many things all at once
before you can create a situation in which
any project is possible. The only answer is
to try to do them all. It will be harder.
But a program of several projects can be
possible where each individual project seems
impossible." -
I had only one question: "How do we get
started?"
John suggested that we set up a plan of
attack in which we would get our local
people to work outlining our problems and
their own ideas for action. At the same time,
we would talk to all the people in State
and Federal agencies, and in organizations
such as the State chamber of commerce, the
State university, and- any others who could
help. In talking to these people, we asked
them to provide members for a technical task
force to come to our community for 3 days
of intensive work to help us lay out a pro-
gram of action. Our purpose would be to
review all the problems and all the programs
that might be used in any way to meet, then
try to put together - a combination of im-
mediate actions to meet several problems at
once, and to lead to a full-fledged program
of development that would give us success
in the years to come. Mr. John Gibson of
the regional office of Urban Renewal Admin-
istration assisted immeasurably in this task.
Our program was started in just that way.
We ran into many, many persons who were
most helpful to us-men like Bill Slayton of
the Urban Renewal Administration and Bill
Batt of the Area Redevelopment Administra-
tion; our own Congressman, 'Carl Perkins;
our Senators John Sherman Cooper and
Thruston Morton, and many others; all
were anxious to help. We held our 3-day
task force meeting, and, while at first it did
not seem to make much happen, I found it
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A6142 Approved Qr_R Ie 2NAL RECOR -R APPENDIXR000400280008- October 1
laid the groundwork for the successes we
have had since.
And we are having success. The thousands
of people who will travel the new Mountain
Parkway into eastern Kentucky will soon see
a new center of our mountain economy de-
veloping in the city of Hazard. We have
taken all the help we could get. We have
used every program we could use, where be-
fore we didn't know how to use any helpful
programs. We now have a full-time planner.
Mr. Paul Townes, working for our com-
munity. We have learned to use technical
assistance, to have plans ready in advance,
and to work and work until we find a way
to carry out the plans.
I won't bore you with all the details of our
program In action today. But in the list of
actions I will run through quickly, I hope
you will share my pleasure and encourage-
ment in the knowledge that our community,
which has hungered for many years for suc-
cess on any major project, now finds Itself
busily engaged in many projects. Today we
have underway the provision of water to
1,300 homes which have never had running
water before. We are expanding our entire
water and sewerage system; we are building
a new municipal building; we have three
urban renewal projects in process Involving
major reconstruction of blighted sections of
our town; we have two public housing proj-
ects, and weare seeing new activity In pri-
vate home construction; we have a new
health building, and we are planning a new
hospital, a, new courthouse, a new sewage
disposal plant, new streets, and-most Im-
portant-many new business developments.
Beyond this, we have our first new Industry,
employing only 20 people. We are working
on a new factory which will employ 190 peo-
ple and a major tourist resort complex which
will provide employment for 500, in addition
to bringing thousands of paying visitors to
our city. This major tourist resort, Magic
Mountain, is to be built on a mountaintop,
with spectacular scenery, about 1 mile west
of Hazard with 200 motel units. There is to
be a model mine, depicting the progress of
coal mining from its primitive beginning Into
the spectacular future. A museum will con-
tain many exhibits related in character.
There Is to be a ski run and ski lift, an ice
skating rink, a lake for boating and fishing,
an amphitheater, swimming pool, horseback
and hiking trails, high quality shops, rifle
range and skeet shoot. nightclub, and restau-
rant. Our portion of the cost of Magic
Mountain is being raised by the sale of stock,
and an application for financing the rest is
pending with the Area Redevelopment Ad-
ministration.
We have used every program available-
urban renewal, community facilities, public
housing, area redevelopment, small business
administration, and accelerated public works.
We have shaped a long-term, workable pro-
gram which we intend to carry through.
We are participating in an area development
program. I have been elected to serve as
Chairman of the Upper Kentucky River Area
Development Council, which is uniting many
Interests In several counties and communi-
ties to create an overall economic develop-
ment program for our entire area.
Local projects, area projects, regional proj-
ects. statewide projects-Hazard is active in
all of them. We can't whip our problems in
Hazard or in eastern Kentucky or in the
great Appalachian region until we have a
great deal more help to shape a great pro-
gram of recovery for the millions of people
who at the present time are denied a reason-
able American economic opportunity. Presl-
9ent Kennedy, just last month, directed that
such a program be formulated and put into
Action. We know that no such program
would be worthwhile, however, unless we in
the local community are willing to work and
to sacrifice to make the help effective. We
In Hazard are determined that our commu-
nity will be a pilot example of doing the most
we can for ourselves and that It will be a
successful proving ground for an overall pro-
gram to bring real opportunity to our people.
In conclusion, words cannot express my
appreciation for being invited to attend and
address this meeting. Each one of you has
my personal invitation to come and help us
enjoy life in the biggest and best Hazard In
the world. Thank you.
Addreslf by Hon. Norfnan' 5. our, As-
sistant Secretary of Defense, Before
the 64th National Convention of VFW
at Seattle, Wash.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, Octobe- 1, 1963
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, the Veterans of Foreign Wars
of the United States recently completed
it 64th national convention in Seattle,
Wash.
During that convention many distin-
guished persons spoke to the thousands
of delegates who traveled to Seattle for
this convention. Among those who spoke
was the Honorable Norman S. Paul, As-
sistant Secretary of Defense, Manpower.
Secretary Paul's address to the conven-
tion was of particular interest to the
VFW. In view of that organization's long-
standing support of legislation and pro-
grams helpful to those on active service
in our Armed Forces, as well as the re-
tired personnel.
I am confident that Members of this
House share my respect and admiration
for the manner in which Secretary Paul
has faced the many personnel problems
for the armed services, as well as the
sincerity and ability with which he Is
working in the interest of our Armed
Forces personnel.
It Is pertinent, I believe, to note that
the VFW, too, shares the widespread ad-
miration for Secretary Paul, With good
reason, then commander in chief of the
VFW, Byron B. Gentry, of Pasadena,
Calif., introduced Secretary Paul as "the
serviceman's friend." -Such an introduc-
tion was certainly well justified.
Mr. Gentry was succeeded as com-
mander in chief of the VFW by Mr. Jo-
seph J. Lombardo, of Brooklyn, N.Y.
In view of the Interest of Members of
this House in matters pertaining to those
in our Armed Forces, and because of the
importance of the information provided
In Secretary Paul's address to the VFW,
I include his speech of August 26 to the
VFW convention, in Seattle, Wash.:
ADDRESS OF NORMAN S. PAUL, ASSISTANT SEC-
RETARY or DEFENSE, MANPOWER, AuovsT 27,
1963, SEATTLE, WASH.
The first thing I'd like to say is that it's
always a pleasure to meet with this dis-
tinguished combat veterans' organization. I
want to thank you for inviting me to your
convention again this year.
Speaking personally, it's good to see so
many friends and associates gathered here,
and I am looking forward to the opportunity
of exchanging a few thoughtsand ideas with
them.
Speaking officially, it's good to know that
the Armed Forces and the Department of
Defense are continuing to benefit from the
counsel ard support of the Veterans of For-
eign Wars. Because of your individual per-
sonal exl;eriences, your collective view-
points have been characterized by con-
sistency and realism.
Over the years you have given your back-
g to a great many essential programs and
defense measures Ih general, to appropriate
defense measures in general, to appropriate
actions on behalf of the individual men and
women who make up our Armed Forces in
particular.
It is to this latter area of interest that I
wish to address myself briefly here today,
reporting to you on what has been done
over the past year in the manpower field and
related areas, and what we believe lies ahead
for the future.
A year ago I made the following statement
at the convention in Minneapolis: "It Is
plain that. one of our principal responsi-
bilities continues to be that of attracting,
training, and keeping the kind of high qual-
ity, high performance personnel that today's
complete weapon systems demand, and those
of tomorrow foreshadow.
"One of the basic requirements for coping
with this problem-both in its immediate
and Long-,erm Implications-Is a sustained
program of realistic attention to the prob-
lems and needs of the individual serviceman
and the service family-coupled with the
awareness that they are deserving of the
best."
Over the past 12 months we have been
working tc fulfill our responsibilities In this
respect-and to get programs and policies
moving ahead to accomplish specific ends
and objectives. We have just made a start
and there Is a lot more to be done,
PAY BILL
The mo:.t important of these, of course,
has been the Defense Department's proposal
for a general pay increase for the Armed
Forces. When I left Washington the other
day this legislation was moving toward final
enactment I believe I am on safe ground
by predicting that the Increases will become
effective or, October 1.
We are grateful for the support this meas-
ure has had from the public, from the Con-
gress, and from the administration, for it
has long had the highest legislative priority
Secretary McNamara could assign to it. We
are hopeful that it will greatly assist us in
all of our ether efforts to build and keep the
quality career force our Nation's defenses
require.
The pay bill will add about $1.2 billion
to the annual cost of the Defense program
amounting. In the aggregate, to three times
the Increase that was approved in 1958.
This increase follows and is additional to
the substantial increase in quarters allow-
ances which went into effect on January 1
of this year.
Secretary McNamara commented on this
point not long ago, saying: "These are huge
amounts. They will add importantly to our
costs. But I want to emphasize again that
it is true tint the military personnel pay has
lagged substantially behind the compensa-
tion of civilian personnel In this country,
The increase Is long overdue. There is noth-
ing I know of that will do more to support
the morale and efficiency of this department
than to psis the pay bill as we recommend
It.,.
I think that the Secretary of Defense
stated the ease as well as it could be stated.
Apparently the Members of the U.S. Senate
agreed for they passed a pay bill substan-
tially along the lines we had recommended
by a unanimous 84-0 vote 2 weeks ago.
The house :'sad passed a similar bill, also by
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A6143
unanimous vote a short time previously.
We are confident that the difference between
the two bills can be ironed out without too
much difficulty.
Without going into all the details, or the
differences between the House and Senate
versions, the pay bill provides base pay in-
creases ranging from $60 to $110 per month
for officers, $5 to $120 per month. for enlisted
ranks-with the biggest increases going to
officers below the rank of colonel and to the
middle and highest enlisted ranks. The bill
also includes provision for a special "hostile
fire" pay of $55 a month. Other major
changes are included such as an increase in
medical officer pay at selected career points.
One of the major innovations provides for.
a family separation allowance of $30 per
month payable in addition to other allow-
ances and per diem payments.
At the time I left Washington it was not
yet clear what final arrangement would be
made with respect to increased rates of re-
tired pay.. I am sure that many of you are
extremely knowledgeable with respect to the
various alternatives under consideration by
Congress.
We believe that the important subject of
retirement benefits has been given an ac-
curate new perspective and a constructive
approach for the future. We are convinced
that the most effective, equitable, and work-
able system upon which to base further ad-
justments will be through the cost-of-living
formula.
The entire concept of military retirement,
I might add, including the important prob-
lem of medical facilities and care for retired
personnel and their dependents is also under
study. The total number of retired citizens
is growing at a great rate and there is no
question but what intensive attention must
now be devoted to their problems and to the
entire subject of retirement programs and
activities in general.
PAY SUMMARY
For the Department of Defense, the pay
bill of 1963 represents one more step (and
obviously a substantial one on the long road
to a fully modern, fully adequate compensa-
tion system for the U.S. Armed Forces. We
have benefits from the work of the Hook
Commission in 1948, the Cordiner Committee
in 1957, and most recently from the exacting
staff work and studies that went into the
present pay proposals. We are mindful, too,
of the principles reflected in the Federal
Salary Act of 1962, and of the recommenda-
tions of such groups as the Randall Com-
mittee, which has proposed a broad com-
parability program for the Government em-
ployee and civil service official.
What is involved here is the question of
changing needs in a changing world-where
the guidelines must continue to be a funda-
mental concern for the individual, but where..
the military compensation system itself may
require annual reevaluation and, on occa-
sion, basic overhaul. While the current pay
bill is of great importance, it will probably
serve as a prolog to further the more basic
changes in the pay system of the future-
based upon studies now in progress at the
request of the Secretary of Defense, and
based upon changing needs and concepts,
the annual review concept is most important.
DUAL COMPENSATION
Having mentioned the retirement situa-
tion. I might say a few words about the ad-
ministration's dual compensation-dual em-
ployment legislative proposal which was sub-
mitted by the civil Service Commission and
introduced as H.R. 7381.
Presently we have 40 statutes concerning
the Federal civilian employment of our re-
tired military personnel. Although only two
of these laws place Government-wide restric-
tions on civilian employment and total com-
pensation of retired military personnel, the
exceptions by statute and judiciary interpre-
tations together with over 200- decisions by
the Comptroller General, have created a sit-
uation that is restrictive, confusing and
complex, and most difficult to administer.
Even the so-called experts in Government are
not sure, at any given time, that the Federal
pay of certain retired Is legal or not, until
GAO lowers the boom. How can we expect
the poor individual to know?
Under these laws, certain retired military
personnel--primarily regular officers-are
barred completely from Federal civilian em-
ployment. Others may be employed subject
to certain compensation limitations and
others may be employed without limitations
on their total combined income. These con-
ditions, in addition to preventing the Gov-
ernment from obtaining the services of cer-
tain highly qualified personnel, have created
a serious morale problem among our person-
nel, both active and retired.
We are of course concerned with the morale
and. well-being of the civilian work force.
I am particularly concerned, because the
DOD is the largest civilian employer in the
Government. But we are also keenly aware
of our obligation to insure that retired mili-
tary personnel, many of whom are forced to
terminate their military career at a time
when they are relatively young and with fam-
ily responsibilities at their peak, have an
equal opportunity to seek civilian employ-
ment on the same basis as other citizens.
This legislative proposal would permit all
retired military personnel to seek Federal ci-
vilian employment and would provide fair
treatment for all categories of personnel in-
sofar as compensation limitations are con-
cerned. It would also consolidate and sim-
plify the many conflicting and confusing
statutes on dual employment-dual compen-
sation.
Furthermore, enactment of this legisla-
tion would establish a fresh start principle
for retired military personnel employed in
Federal civilian jobs. Since persons retiring
from the military service have generally real-
ized retirement benefits based on a military
career, it seems desirable and equitable for
them to start a Federal civilian career on
the same basis as others who are also enter-
ing the civil service for the first time. How-
ever, because the career military member has
also earned certain rights and privileges to
which the citizen-soldier, who served with
him during periods of hostilities, is also en-
titled, consideration should be given to such
service when the retiree is employed In a
Federal civilian position.
We believe the proposed law is eminently
fair and in the best interest of all con-
cerned. We are hopeful of its enactment by
this Congress.
ADDITIONAL ACTIONS
The past year has seen a great deal of addi-
tional, and important, activity in the gen-
eral area of personnel-most of which has
been translated into proposed legislation or
administrative directives.
We have vigorously presented to Congress
recommendations for a consistent program
for construction or improved troop and fam-
ily housing. Our program is directed to the
relief of serious deficiencies in both quantity
and. quality. This program appears to be
in some trouble.
We have not yet been able to gain action
on the Bolte package of career.. management
items, but we propose to do our best with
respect to it following final decisions on the
pay bill. We consider this legislation of
prime Importance, and are prepared to ac-
cord it the same kind of priority attention
as that given to compensation matters.
Joint travel regulations have been greatly
changed to provide new, or more equitable,
travel and transportation allowances in the
United States. These include:
Establishment of actual expense allow-
ances in the United States.
Authorization of $1 per diem for members
of deployed units.
An increase to 10 cents a mile of the
reimbursement rate for use of privately
owned vehicle for local travel.
Authorization of reimbursement of entry
fees, boarding taxes and other expenses in-
cident to dependent travel, and
An increase to $16 per diem while in travel
status.
Along with these changes to travel regu-
lations are two related items: The first, au-
thorizing advance return of dependents and
effects from overseas, and the second, au-
thorizing payment of travel and transporta-
tion allowances on permanent change of sta-
tion when orders are canceled or revoked.
Both of these measures have passed the
House of Representatives.
Our bill for the award of cold war medals
has passed both Houses of Congress, and only
awaits the President's signature.
As a result of Defense reclama to the
Treasury Department, we have thus far de-
layed the proposed reduction from $10 to $1
on gifts to be admitted into the United
States duty free. We based our position, and
we think rightly, on the adverse effects such
a reduction would have on morale of mili-
tary personnel. I might add here that this
item, although receiving little attention in
general, was noted by your Washington of-
fice and the Defense position was supported
by your organization, for which we are most
grateful.
CONCLUSION
I am aware that I have dwelt at length
and in detail on aspects of the present and
contemplated program in the military man-
power area. I have done so, first, because
of your well-known interest in matters of
this nature, and second, because of our own
belief in the Defense Department that they
stand at the core of all our other program
effectiveness in the Armed Forces. I believe
this to be true from personal contact with
men and women in the services in Alaska,
California, Texas, Montana, North Carolina
and other sites where we have camps and
stations. I have seen their duty stations,
their quarters, their living conditions and
have talked with their dependents.
We are dealing with immense sums of tax-
payers' money, great numbers of human
beings working under all kinds of condi-
tions, and countless human situations and
problems. We are fully convinced that to
cope successfully with all that is involved in
this total situation calls for increased at-
tention to broad programs in support of the
individual, and of the military service fam-
ily.
I have said on many previous occasions
that we know that pay and material reward
alone will never give us the kind of dedicated,
professional military service people whom we
need in this troubled era.
It takes men to man the machines-in-
telligent and courageous men. General
Schriever placed emphasis, and properly, on
the particularly heavy demands for techni-
cally qualified personnel to develop, operate
and maintain the unbelievably complex
weapons systems of today and tomorrow.
There is another breed, however, that we need
to find and keep. If we find ourselves in a
shooting situation with an enemy in the
coming years, and I think of anyone who is
shooting at me as an- enemy, whether he has
been officially declared such or not-It is
likely to be less than a nuclear exchange.
This means bullets, high explosives, fired
by men who are being fired at. We must
have the weapons, and plenty of them, that
we hope and pray we will never have to use.
But we must also have that man, ready to
go and fight under any conditions, and on
short notice, the men who combine new-
fashioned knowledge of the weapons he will
have to use with the old-fashioned courage,
sometimes known as guts, which have been
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX ctober 1
a trademark in this part of the world for a
couple of hundred years and more. We in
Defense know, and do not intend to forget,
that without continued effort In the direc-
tion of improved personnel programs, and
without continued attention to the daily
needs and requirements of those who serve
this country in uniform, we would not be
meeting our responsibilities.
We are doing our best, therefore, and so
are the military departments, to see to it
that full attention is given to these prob-
lems, and to their intelligent resolutions for
today and tomorrow.
Townsend Plan 30 Years Old
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOHN J. McFALL
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, October 1, 1963
Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, Septem-
ber 30 marked a milestone in our Na-
tion's history.
It was on that date 30 years ago that
Dr. Francis Everett Townsend wrote a
letter that launched the Townsend Plan.
It appeared in the columns of the Long
Beach, Calif., Press-Telegram.
The Townsend campaign became an
institution and as such it defined the na-
ture of the social security problem.
I wish to insert in the RECORD at this
time the letter of the late Dr. Townsend
which has had such tremendous social
and economic effect:
LONG BEACH, CALIF.,
September 30, 1933.
To the EDrroR,
Press-Telegram,
Long Beach, Calif.
DEAR SIR: If the human race is not to ret-
rogress, two facts of essential importance
must be recognized; the stimulus to individ-
ual effort must be maintained by the cer-
tainty of adequate monetary reward. If
business is good at all times, we need not
worry about the reward of Individual effort;
and if money is plentiful, we need have no
fears that business will become bad. Of
late years it has become an accepted fact
that because of man's inventiveness less and
less productive effort Isgoing to be required
to supply the needs of the race.
This being the case, it Is just as necessary
to make some disposal of our surplus workers
as it is to dispose of our surplus wheat or
corn or cotton. But we cannot kill off the
surplus workers as we are doing with our
hogs; nor sell them to the Chinese on time
as we do our cotton. We must retire them
from business activities andeliminate them
from the field of competitive effort. What
class should we eliminate, anti how should
it be done? Wars have served in the past to
hold down surplus population, but the last
big war, in spite of the unprecedented
slaughter, served only to increase produc-
tion, while reducing the numbers of
consumers.
It is estimated that the population of age
60 and above In the United States is some-
where between 9 and 12 millions. I sug-
gest that the National Government retire all
who reach that age on a monthly pension of
$200 or more, on condition that they spend
the money as they get it. This will insure
an even distribution throughout the Na-
tion of $2 or $3 billions of fresh-money-each
month, thereby assuring a healthy and brisk
state of business, comparable to that we en-
joyed during wartimes.
Where is the money to come from? More
taxes? Certainly. We have nothing In this
world we do not pay taxes to enjoy. But
do not overlook the fact that we are already
paying a large proportion of the amount re-
quired for these pensions In the form of life
Insurance policies, poor farina, aid societies,
insane asylums, and prisons. The inmates
of the last two mentioned institutions would
undoubtedly be greatly lessened when it once
became assured that old age meantsecurity
from want and care.
A sales tax sufficiently high to Insure the
pensions at a figure adequate to maintain
the business of the country in a healthy con-
dition would be the easiest tax in the world
to collect, for all would realize that the tax
was a provision for their own future, as well
as the assurance of good business now.
Would not a sales tax of sufficient size to
maintain a pension system of such magni-
tude exhaust our taxability from other
sources, I am asked? By no means-income
and inheritance taxes would still remain to
us, and would prove far more fertile sources
of government Income than they are today.
Property taxes could be greatly reduced and
would not constitute a penalty upon Indus-
try and enterprise.
Our attitude toward government is wrong.
We look upon government as something en-
tirely foreign to ourselves; as something over
which we have no control, and which we
cannot expect to do us a great deal of good.
We do not realize that It can do us infinite
harm, except when we pay our taxes. But
the fact is we must learnto expect and de-
mand that the Central Government assume
the duty of regulating business activity.
When business begins to slow down and
capital shows signs of timidity, stimulus
must be provided by the National Govern-
ment In the form of aCdltional capital.
When times are good and begin to show
signs of a speculative debauch such as we
saw in 1929. the brakes must be applied
through a reduction In tho circulation me-
dium. This function of government could
be easily established and maintained through
the pension system for the aged.
Sincerely,
FKANCIS E. ToWNsxND. M.D.
Proposed Public Defender Law
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. EDWARD V. LONG
of MISSOURI
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, October- 1, 1963
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
several months ago, I placed in the Ap-
pendix an excellent editorial from the
Southeast Missourian urging the enact-
ment of a public defender law. Since
that time, a bill has been reported by the
Judiciary Committee and passed by the
Senate. Recently, the Southeast Mis-
sourian published another editorial con-
cerning the need for such legislation.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this second editorial be printed
in the Appendix.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD.
as follows:
PUBLIC D]CFENDERS
On three occasions the House of Repre-
sentatives has rejected bills which would
establish a public defender system to work
at the opposite pole from the UB. attorney
in criminal cases.
Boon it will have another bill providing
legal aid through a system of paid public
defenders for those charged with a crime
in the Federal courts,
Missouri :3enator EDWARD V. LONG is one of
those supporting the measure. He joined
with other :3enatora in sponsoring legislation
establishing public defenders. The measure
has passed the Senate.
Under the Senate bill, defendants in crimi-
nal cases who do not have necessary funds
or credit to employ an attorney will be given
the services of one.
This is done now, but the attorneys are
court appointed and serve without pay.
Under the public defender bill passed by
the Senate four avenues provide for legal
services for defendants:
The court can appoint a private attorney
and pay Min not to exceed $15 an hour, plus
reasonable expenses.
Employ and pay a Government attorney as
a public defender on a full-time basis.
Provide payment to local and State bar
associations; and legal aid societies which
would provide attorneys for the indigent.
A combination of the three.
Of the four, the second appears to us the
most pracl;ical. If the Government can
maintain tr. staff of attorneys to prosecute
criminal cL.ses, it certainly should provide
another stiff to defend the indigent.
Presently, fundless defendants are assigned
an attorney by the court. Frequently only a
perfunctory defense is given after a brief
consultation between the two, with a plea of
guilty almost invariably entered.
Attorneys with their own practice most
often have all they can do to take care of
their regular clients and while it is consid-
ered an obligation of the profession to aid
indigent defendants, it Is evident not as
much attention Is going to be given to a
penniless, unknown client as one who pays.
It Is for this reason that a good many
attorneys and professional legal societies
have urged a public defender system. They
feel those without means should be af-
forded equal protection under the law as
those who can pay.
With this we agree and it is for this reason
we believe the House should pass this fourth
attempt tc put a public defender system in
operation.
The Kernedy Administration Wastes
Our Children's Tax Dollars
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. VICTOR A. KNOX
Or MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES -
Tuesday, October 1, 1963
Mr. KNOX. Mr. Speaker, the sole
and only way to finance Government
spending is by taxes imposed on the peo-
ple. If we are paying our own way, cur-
rent tax(s pay for current spending, if
we are deficit financing, today's spend-
ing increases and is paid for by tomor-
row's taxes. But regardless of whether
we pay our way or borrow our way, taxes
inescapably must be collected from the
people to pay the Government's bills and
debts. There is no way a nation can in-
terminably spend without taxing some-
body sometime; and the longer the day
of settlement is deferred, the greater is
the waste of the tax dollars because of
Interest on the debt.
Last seek the House of Representa-
tives passed an $11 billion tax cut bill at
a time when the Federal Government is
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