INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION - STATE RESEARCH PLANT #2 (ZAVOD #2), KUIBYSHEV,USSR

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
S
Document Page Count: 
15
Document Creation Date: 
December 16, 2016
Document Release Date: 
September 3, 2003
Sequence Number: 
37
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
April 3, 1952
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5.pdf771.98 KB
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Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 - ~~`-- - - - - - - - - i j CRET INFORMATION REPORT 25X1 A CENTRAL IN i-ELLICFNCE AGENCY SUBJECT Installation Desc:rirtion - State Research Plant #2 (Zavod #2), Kuibyshev, USSR PLACE ACQUIRED,, DATE ACQUIRED 25X1 1 Site Lalrcvt /E-nelocur?e (A)] (a) Point 1 New Test Stand Bi.,I ding 25X1 25X1 (b) Point 2 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 3 ,A-?4?- 52 NO. OF PAGES 11 NO. OF ENCLS. 3 (LISTED BELOW) SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO. The new test stand building was to house three units, Construction of this building was begun in 1946, but it was still not in operation when I left in September 1950. The building was made of brink, two stories high, and had a flat roof and an L-shaped test stand tower. It contained general test and. assembly rooms and offices for measurement personnel. Temperaryvl'cst and Bu ll t In 1946: a wooden structure, 20x10x8 m, which-) had a flat: roof, covered with tarpaper. Between 20-30 workers and engineers worked the-re, one shift rl' r day. 25X1 Out - -- ! -- i i r r H U T r Q H OCT 1951 5i-4F Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 25X1 (e) Point 3 Design and Construction Office Attached is a sketch of the office building in which.I worked /;Enclosure (B)7. The building was of brick construction, 40xl5xl5 m, three stories high, and with a slanted roof. Approxi- mately 300--350 Soviet and German employees worked there, one shift per day. Ground Floor Point 1 House administration and paper storage room. The administrator was a former Soviet Major. Point 2 Drafting room. Soviet girls worked here; the work consisted primarily of copying original drawings. Point 3 Drawing office. Booklets and perspective designs of units for non-technicians were made by four German employees In this office. Point 5 Blueprint office. Female Soviet employees worked and here, under the supervision of a German engineer, Point 6 Mr. Kercher. Point 7 Deci.gn archive for non-secret material. Six people worked in this archive; two German . specialists, two German and two Soviet girls. Point 8 Secret archive for reports and designs. Only Soviets (six) worked in the secret archive. Point 9 A secret typing pool in which only Soviets were employed. Point 10 Technical library; two Soviets worked here. Point 11 Department for test stand designs and experiments. and Eight to ten German engineers, under the direction Point 12 of Dr Scheibe and Mr Siebert, (and perhaps one Soviet engineer), were employed in this department. Point 13 Office of the Soviet manager of the test stand department, Mr SerReleff. (Mr Sergejeff supervised the personnel of the test stand design and 25X1 experiment department.) Point 14 Point 15 This office housed the test stand design personnel. Two Soviets and 10 Germans worked here; of these,E 25X1 Mr Pf:.uegl, Domhoefer, 25X1 a z e, and Glue=c.- Point 16 Office of Mr Treiber and his deputy. Mr Treiber was the German chief of the test stand design department. Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 r "m - _0 in Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 c:; ET 25X1 -3 -. D First Floor Point 17 Office of Mr Pginhar4.V, chief of the compressor department, and Mr Cordes, chief of the turbine 25X1 department. Point 18 Compressor department, 25X1 I lnames of the following employees: ov e - 25X1 Mr Kutseheroff (construction deputy chief), Lan act, re din Frank, and one woman. (German)- Dr Schroeder deputy , Mr Hartleib, Scheeler, $ linsky, Rolf KleineuWo ohs er, Adler, Schumann, Schlimper and Wieman. Wieman was known as a collaborator and an informer for the NKVD.) Point 19 Design office, under the direction of Mr Brandner. liar.?ious German engineers from all the departments worked in this office temporarily. Point 20 Office of Mx~.Brandner, chief of the construction department. Point 21 Miss goel:l, Mr Brandner c s sec= etary, worked in this office. She was formerly employed at Jae kern/Dessa z. Point 22 Time and attendance office. A. Soviet female worked here, checking work . attendance. Point 23 Office of Mr Gemjonoff, a Soviet, who was Brandnerva deputy. Point 24 Point 25 Turbine department. Three to four Soviets and 15-20 German engineers were employed in the turbine department. names of the following 25X1 employees- Mr Karcher, Stadlmann and Dickel, (Dickel was rumored to be a collaborator and an informer for the NKVD.) Point 26 Design control office in which Mr MvZar. and four other Germans worked. Point 27 T L Starter department. Mr Weekwertho chief of the department, Mr erl seven Germans, and one Soviet worked here. Point 28 Office of Mr S3T.aldmann, chief of the combustion chamber dep-tment and later the office of Mr Gerlach. Point 29 Combustion chamber department. Eight Germans and two Soviets were employed in this department. Point 30 A section of the transmission department was housed in this building. Mr Bockermann. Lange and two other Germans worked here. 25X1 Point 31 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809AO00500760037-5 25X1 I I 25X1 Point 32 Typing room for the Soviets. *oint 33 The office of Dr Scheibees secretary. Point 34 Office of Dr Scheibe, manager of the research department. Point 35 Transmission de artment. Manager Mr Elze, Haag, Dinnenthal (BMW)), two Germane and one Soviet worked in this department. Point 36 Department for auxiliary equipment. Manager Me, (perhaps'spelled "Meyer"), worked here, as did approximately 15 other Germans and three or tour Soviets. Point 37 Office of Mr Singe r and Mr Mueeke. The latter was the German deputy to Mr Brandner, of the construction department. Second Floor Point 38 Design department, in which Mr Horst Schneider, Esser and two Soviets worked. Point 39 Another section of the design department. Ten Germans and one Soviet were employed in this section. I remember Dr Heinrich (mathematics) and Mr Lorenzen (propeller y. Point 40 Office of Dr Vogts chief of the design department. Point 41 Testing department. Eight-ten German engineers and Mr Pohl, who was chief interpreter, worked in the testing department. Pohl wrote reports for the state test run and spoke fluent Russian, English and French. Point 42 Office of Mr Primal, chief of the testing department. 1\ Point 43 Office of Mr WA p who was Mr Preetee7. e s deputy; one other German also worked in this office. Point 44 Personnel for test rune under the direction of Mr Preatel were employed here; these included Mr Geuerlich (BMW) and four other Germans. Point 45 Another section for the personnel for test runs. Mr Groebner, Ulmitz (propeller teotingl and four other Germans were employed here, Point 46 Communist party office under the direction of one Soviet employee. Point 47 Department of thermodynamics. Mr Kuemmel (deputy) and Mr Theo Mge~pLworked in this office. Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X 25X1 1 -1 Point 48 Thermo iynamIc= depa* .:, e^_~ ,. Dr Schwabe was employed In t'-_is decar-.ment as were Claus, Herman, and two Sovie.y vngineere. Point 49 Office of Dr chief of the thermo- dynamics department. Point 50 Office of Major Kwasoff, a Soviet. Kwasoff was deputy to Kuu=_nlzcff. . Point 51 Two Soviet secretaries worked in this office. Point 52 Office of plan; manager Kusnizoff' (a Soviet). aoint 53 St e and vicrct on department. Six Germans and two Scv.-ets worked here. Point 54 Office of Dr 8c' eIn_r~ and Schmitt, both chiefs of the stress and vibration department. (d) Point 4 Admini.etrati.on Bull din$ This was an annex --o the main assembly shop, Point 7. It was a U-shaped building of brick constru: tion., three stories high, with a flat roof'. On the upper f:i ors were the planning' sections and offices for the plant director and the general plan{: adminic:.r?at:icn ('cashiers, book- keeping, pay z'c'' : et-c). Between 40-60 employees worked there, one .shift per day. The two wings contained establishments such as barbershops, cleaning, small repairehops, etc. The center 25X1 part was directly connected wi . he main shop by a stair~c.asP assembly 25X11 (e) Point Carpentry Shop This annex was of brick construction, with a flat roof, and was one story high. The carpentry shop contained wood working machinery, band and circular saws, wood drilling and milling machines, Windows, doors and coffins were also made there. Models for casting were made in a small partitioned section of the ahopy this work was primarily done by German specialists. Approxi- mately ten workers were employed in the carpentry shop. (f) Point 6 Test Stand for Egs1_pmentand Combustion Chambers This building was another annex to the main building and was one story high. It contained two test stands for combustion chambers, test stands for pumps and other azx1liary equipment, and a small workshop. This test stand was enlarged In 1950 in order to permit large-scale combustion chamber experiments and compressed air production in connection with the JUMO 022 unit. At this time a high wooden fence was wilt In the western corner of the test stand to buck the view from outside. 25X1 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 ge - Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 25X1 Point . Main Aasembl-y Shoo /fjaoiosure (C)7 The entire building was a steel structure, approxi- mately 30x50x15 m3 the roof was covered with 25X1 concrete plates with a tar layer. between 350-400 employees worked on a ay s ; a much smaller number worked at night. All lathe work on the main construction parts of the JUMO 022 power plant was done here. Enclosure (C) shows the division of the "inner hall', the arrangement of the machinery and the distribution 25X1 of the side roomso7 25X1 Point 1 Skylights Point 2 Roof covering Point 3 Steel structure Po:: nt 4 Windows Point 5 Side rooms Point 6 Assembly cf smaller parts Point 7 Bladee fabrication Point 8 Lathes Point 9 Automatic welding machines Point 1.0 Staircase Point 11 Main entrances Point 12 Big lathes Point 13 Drilling, milling and large grinding machines Point 14 Fitting shop Point 15 Tool and die shop Point 16 Side entrance (h) Point 8 Sheet Metal-Workshop A wood construction, 20x1Ox6 m, one story high and having a flat roof. The shop contained several lathes, shears, presses, welding and stamping machines. A varying number of workers, between 20-50 worked in this workshop. (There was only one shift per day night work was seldom scheduled. Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 1 Bi _ I ~t Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 (i) 25X1 Point Heating Plant This plant was a brick structure; it had a sheet metal smokestack approximately 20-m hi lit produced steam fo> the heating of all of the main buildings; the heat was conducted through pipes buried two-three meters underground. (j) Point 10 Askania Section A brick building, two stories high. The work- sho s were on the ground floor, I (k) Point 11 Metall urEy Building The metallurgy building was of brick construction, two stories high and had a flat roof. A watch- tower for a fire guard was built onto the roof; guards were stationed at this tower day and night. ,(I) Point 12 Entrance and Guard HoHo a.. ee A wooden building, 15x8x5 in, one story high and which had a flat r?oo:f. During the day, approxi- mately 20 guards were on duty throughout the entire plant. 0n c, commandant and tour guards were always stationed in the guard house. (m) 25X1 25X1 25X1 Point 13 Compressor Test Stand A stuccoed brick construction, 4x5x4 m, which had a flat roof. Two radial blowers were installed outside the building, as were two electromotors, of approximately 50 KW. Point 14 Storehouse A wooden structure 6xl2x4 m which was one story high. (o) Point 15 Prison (p) (q) The prison was a wooden barrack. Point 16 Storehouses Point 17 Each building was constructed of wood, 6x2Ox4 in, one story high and had a flat roof. Raw materiaic, Point 18 turbine disks, etc were stored in these storehouses Point 19 Ambulance This building, made of wood, 8xl2x4 m, was one story high and had a gabled, shingled roof. The dispensary and dental clinic for the plant were housed at this point. Approved For Release 2005/06/01 CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 I I MINION Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 ST-CRET 25X1 25X1 F_ I (r) Point 20 Unknown Building 25X1 This. building was approximately 8.x12x4 ml 25X1 (s) Point 21 Electro-Motor Repairshop A wooden constructi.or the size was approximately 5x8x4 m. (t) Point 22 Repa .i, Shci A wooden e.or etr-j. t;1on, 5x8x4 m. (u) Point 23 Fence The boards were usually two and a half meters high in some places they were four- meters high. (The total fenced plant area was approximately 400x180 metered) (v) Point 24 Watchtowers The which towers were wooden platforms, which were .appro:imately four meters above the ground. (w) Point 25 Gasoline Storage Tank This etorage tank had a pipeline leading under- ground to the test stand, point 20 (x) , Point 26 Small. RDair Shop Measuring instruments were checked in this repair shop. (y) Point 27 Fire Station The fire station was, equipped with one fire truck; this station was constructed of wood and was one story high. (z) Point 28 Air Compressor Station The air compressor station was a wooden building, 5x8x4 m; the roof was of the gabled-type and was covered with sheet metal in 1950. (aa) Point 29 The Annealing Building (bb) Point 30 Fob 25X1 I in addition to the hardening furnaces, two pneumatic hammers and several friction presses, (of which only one was in operation), were installed 25X1 here. 2. Operational Data All transporting and supply was done by truck? The electric power was directed from Ku.ibyshev by high voltage transmission Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809AO00500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 _ 25X1 25X1 25X1 25X1 3. 25X1 25X1 was at Kuibysne . T _tie mai-?. :,c-.3 ~u:_thin the plant were of gravel with asphalt or ~ onc?..rrete B-,=;ace and were usually six- eight meters wide. The mac-?pinery- was generally kept in good condition? Labor Force I l:;bout 1000--1600 Sc?viets were employed at Zavod #2. Approximateiy 71~O Germ-:.n specialists (this total includes .about 200 of the Askania group) worked at the plant. The average salary pa?d the Germans ranged between Rubles 2000-4000 per month, The German personnels worked six days per week (48 hours) and were allowed 2.4 working days per year vacation. (All German specialists chose to remain in Uprawlentschesky doming their vacations despise the theoretical possibility of receiving permission to travel within the USSR.) The Soviet employees were paid a much lower wage than were the Germans. Occasional. night shifts were worked in cnly a few installations, 4. Security Measure. (a) The Soviet administration used various methods to protect the work in ZAVOD #2 agalnet sabotage or unauthorized entry. Ther,s were aff.i ;ia'_?. w{4s?~T :.:y measures, siic:h as guards, the plan-1 secret servi,_-e, and the individual obligation to secrecy, There was also the secret control of every Ind:.vidual through a widespread espionage system, in which some of the Germans were ?ased. (b) The official security meas%Lres were under the general direction of Major Kolitachenko, who was the immediate supervisor of the plant commandant. Kolitschenko was the NKVD member who appeared publicly. The secret control consisted of certain persons who answered specific -questions in writing and had to forward these reports at specified times to an agency. This latter measure, after it became I v'wn, was undoubtedly the most effective, because it created the feeling of suspicion against every "comrade", (c) Zavod #2 had a factory guard force under the plant commardant, Pa.schanoff. This for?oe manned the outer- watch- towers day and nigh`, furnished the guards for the plant entrance, and furnished guards for other particularly important parts of the plant, such as the test stands, the construction office, et:_. Every worker had an identifi- cation card, whf.ch he received on entering the plant. The number of the identificat'! on card had to. he given to the guards stationed just 1r:a d? the entrance, upon which the guards would 1.aeue the proper identification card. Later on the guards gave the identif?c.ati.on cards on the basis of personal recognition. Upon leaving the plant, the identification cards had tc be re turned to the guard, From the winter of 1949--50 on, the identification cards were exchanged .at.. each work place for a pans which was valid only for that pa_rtic lar working place. Special card-holders were insta lrfor purpose; they were locked by the. attendance sneckcr at the beginning of the working day, and were opened at. the beginning of lunch ho, =- and at the end of the wcrkday. Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 I 25X1 D (d) The ide ,fi.c a 1: _ &rd was a .. , _ .e3 piece of cardboard, 25X1 25X1 (e) covered with :. res. .1 graph of the employee.,, the emp icyee v e ides ':.f i -:a-t?i on number on both pages, the name of the employee, and an additional stamp for each different -v rki_ng pace. The pass for the working pl=ace was a. smooth si.rag .e p'! ece of cardboard with Special paeees were necessary for the Construction Office btu iding. Shop spec-.al i.sts and operational engineers were not admitted, with very rare ex epticns. The pass had to be shown to the g,-,a--d at the antr anc e to the building, without the guard asking for it. The Soviet plant manager and all other Soviet personnel had to follow the same procedure. Whenever another plant employee without the special pass for the Cons-: tru: t_on Office had to see a specialist there., the specialist was oa.l3.ed out of the building by the guard. Employees of the Construction Office had entry to all shops exR ,ept; the main assembly hall, the test. stands, the buildings for the Askania group., and the buildings for the tnspeo:t; or.. of materials, special passes were needed fcr these places., (f) All working data i.n the Conatruo tf.an_ Off ?i.Ue, reports and designs, eto, were divided into secret and non-secret alas eiflaa?t.ion.e0 All data marked ve ;rei were kept in a separate =rc;.~rey and were g-? ven only :against a receipt.; they had. to. be returned d?cring the lunch hour and at the end of working hog.- s . All. reports and J.estgns which revealed measurements ar^ spec? fic data concerning Projects A, B, and C were clae-ified. and searches of employees leaving the plant were made at irregular intervals. (g) The engine test sta?_dr w 3 surrounded by spec .1 fences within the plant. The. ;er plant fence was at least four meters high, so that the turboprop propellers Gould not be seen from the street. A guard was s tat: oned at the entrance to the fended--in test stand ar..ea9 he stopped everybody and closely checked his pass and special stamp. There was no control in the test stand building itself. (h) For special teats, such as the State Test run, the aesembly crew and the test stand workers were selected by name, and their identification cards were stamped with. a special permit. The assembly of the er_gane, and any necessary reassembly or repair., was done under the supervision of the State Teat run pion, Guards -)n the test stand were reinforced; however, .,he routine testing of other engines continued, but the entrance and exit to the test stand were heavily guarded. the Ingle wheel test stand was completed in 1950, 25X1 The tests themselves were conducted by Mr W emann. At this 25X1 timeid not have a pass for the engine teat stand, where, in the first section, the single wheel test stand was 25X1 constructed.,, The ermar management, made application to the 25X1 plant guard force for~pase?, and secured a recommendation from the Sov:i.e t chi--f engineer, inadvertently, the 25X1 application wac submitted du.:rr_n; the State Test run. As a result, 11had vo wait until the end of the State Teat run 25X1 before gn m-~ pass. ^_ the USSR that 25X1 most ser. ~ it v me' uses were e...:. or-:-d not because of the project, but from extreme cn the part; of the responalb.le of _ .ra _. . Approved For Release 2005/06/01 CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 25X1 (i) 25X1 25X1 25X1 In test operations, accidents are bound to happen in almost any development. Immediately, the word "sabotage is used because it is one of the most common words in the Soviet vocabulary. In all the timin the USSR =never learned of a case of premeditated sabotage. All of the Germans depended so much on the success of their work that none of them thought of such an act. Once Mr Keummel summarizedllexperience in the USSR in the following way.- 'Every c ange means a reprimand"? To prevent accidental damage to the JUMO 022 unit, the blow-off air shafts, two tubes 100 mm in diameter, were equipped with mechanical filters. No other protective measures were known to me. ENCLOSURES.- (A) Zavod #2 Page 1 - Layout (B) Design and Construction Office (C) Main Assembly Shop Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 25X1 LEGEND POINT is NEW TEST STAND BUILDING Started in 1946; still not operating in 1950. POINT 2: TE7dPORABY; TEST STAND Built in 1946 POINT 3s DESIGN OFFICE POINT 4s ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, WOBB PLANNIING, PLANT MANAGER POINT 53 CARPENTRY SHOP POINT 63 TEST STANDS FOR EQUIPMENT (puaspo, eta) AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS POINT 7s NAIN ASSEMBLY SHOP POINT. 8 e SHEET METAL WORISHOP POINT 9s HEATING PLANT POINT 10s ASBANId SECTION POINT 113 METALLW:GY BUILDING POINT 12s ENTRANCE AND GUARD HOUSE POINT 13s COWHESS02 TEST STAND POINT 141 STOREHOUSE POINT 153 PRISON POINT 161 STOREHOUSE POINT 17s STOREHOUSE POINT 18V STOREHOUSE POINT 19t AMBULANCE GARAGE POINT 20s UNSNIOWN POINT 211 ELECTR0-YOTQR REPAIR SHOP POINT. 221 REPAIR SHOP BUILDING POINT 23: PENCE POINT 243 WATCHTOWERS POINT 25: GASOLINE STORAGE TANK POINT 26s SMALL REPAIR SHOP - CHECKING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS POINT 27: FIRE STATION -.ONE VEHICLE POINT 28: AIR CO ESSOR POINT 291 ANNEALING BUILDING POINT 301 FORGE ENCLOSURE (A) Page 2 of 2 pages. Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 ZAVOD 02 Laroat ENCLOSURE (A) Pago 1 of 2 pagan SECRET Approved For Release 2005/06/01 CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 TV PICN L" 5 P L A 3 V I E W `~ ENCLOSURE (C) SECRET Approved For Release 2005/06/01 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 Approved For Release 2005/06/01 CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 25X1 _.F-R-.FELEVATiO Q 25X1 ^^-DQD El F~ 11 .11 0 a 11-1111 O 0 O O GROUND FLOOR 28 O FIRST "LOOR 9 (E8) 9 WD 1107 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OFFICE SFCOUD FLOOR SECRET yd O 0 9 1 -1 ENCLOSURE (B) Approved For Release 2005/06/01 CIA-RDP80-00809A000500760037-5 0 wmmm i