NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8
Release Decision: 
RIFPUB
Original Classification: 
K
Document Page Count: 
252
Document Creation Date: 
December 16, 2016
Document Release Date: 
October 27, 2004
Sequence Number: 
1
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
January 1, 1976
Content Type: 
BOOK
File: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8.pdf24.24 MB
Body: 
January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK DIA and DOS review(s) completed. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 FOREWORD The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated and published semiannually by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are prepared by components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Department of State. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents should be addressed to the Office of Geographic and Carto- graphic Research (Att: Factbook) Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. 20505. The publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage and contents of the publication are designed to meet the specific requirements of those users. U.S. Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Non-U.S. Government users may obtain this along with similar CIA publications on a subscription basis by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users not interested in the DOCEX Project subscription service may purchase reproductions of spe- cific publications on an individual basis from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK January 1976 Supersedes the July 1975 issuance of this Factbook, copies of which should be destroyed. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Entries in all capital letters refer to basic data sheets included in this factbook Page Abbreviations for International Organizations ix United Nations (U.N.): Structure and Related Agencies xi ?A? Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN `Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA ALGERIA AN ANGOLA Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA Azores (see PORTUGAL) ?B? BAHAMAS, The BAHRAIN Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELGIUM BELIZE Benin (see DAHOMEY) BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOTSWANA BRAZIL British Honduras (see BELIZE) BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS BRUNEI BULGARIA BURMA BURUNDI ?C? Cabinda (see ANGOLA) CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD CHILE CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 38 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Page ?C-- CHINA, REPUBLIC OF 39 COLOMBIA 40 COMORO ISLANDS 42 CONGO (Brazzaville) 43 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS 44 COSTA RICA 45 CUBA 46 CYPRUS 47 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 49 ?D? DAHOMEY 50 DENMARK 52 DOMINICA 53 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 54 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ?E? ECUADOR EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ETHIOPIA ?F? FAEROE ISLANDS FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) 55 57 58 59 60 62 63 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) FIJI 64 FINLAND 65 FRANCE 66 FRENCH GUIANA 68 FRENCH POLYNESIA 69 FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS 70 Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ?G? GABON GAMBIA GERMANY, EAST GERMANY, WEST GHANA GIBRALTAR GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUADELOUPE GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) GUYANA 71 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 81 81 82 83 85 86 87 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ?H? HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG HUNGARY ?I? CELAND NDIA NDONESIA RAN RAQ RELAND SRAEL TALY VORY COAST ?J? JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN ?K? KENYA KOREA, NORTH KOREA, SOUTH KUWAIT ?L? LAOS LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LUXEMBOURG ?M? MACAO MADAGASCAR Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARTINIQUE MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MEXICO MONACO MONGOLIA MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE Page 88 89 91 92 93 95 96 97 99 100 101 103 105 106 107 109 110 111 112 114 115 116 117 119 120 121 122 123 124 126 127 130 131 132 133 134 135 137 138 139 140 142 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ?N? NAURU NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW HEBRIDES NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY ?0? OMAN ?P? PAKISTAN PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY Pemba (see TANZANIA) PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) PORTUGUESE TIMOR ?Q? QATAR ?R? Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION RHODESIA Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA RWANDA ?S? ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT SAN MARINO SAO TOME and PRINCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SEYCHELLES Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SOMALIA Page 143 144 145 146 148 149 149 151 152 153 155 156 157 158 160 161 162 164 165 166 168 169 170 171 172 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 185 186 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ?S? SOUTH AFRICA Southern Rhodesia (see RHODESIA) SOUTH-WEST AFRICA SPAIN SPANISH SAHARA SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) SUDAN SURINAM SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIA ?T? Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY ?U? UGANDA Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) USSR UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain United Arab Republic (see EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES UPPER VOLTA URUGUAY ?v-- VATICAN CITY VENEZUELA VIETNAM, NORTH VIETNAM, SOUTH ?W? WALLIS and FUTUNA Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) WESTERN SAMOA ?Y? YEMEN (Aden) YEMEN (Sana) YUGOSLAVIA Page 187 188 190 192 192 194 195 197 198 199 201 202 204 205 206 207 208 209 211 212 213 214 230 216 217 218 219 220 221 223 223 224 225 226 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 viii Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ?Z? Page ZAIRE 228 ZAMBIA Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) MAPS I CANADA I I MIDDLE AMERICA III SOUTH AMERICA IV EUROPE V THE MIDDLE EAST VI AFRICA VII U.S.S.R. and ASIA VIII OCEANIA 229 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEA() West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization Colombo Plan Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community IADB Inter-American Defense Board IDB Inter-American Development Bank lEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States WEU Western European Union WCL World Confederation of Labor WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WPC World Peace Council Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC Security Council GA General Assembly ECOSOC Economic and Social Council TC Trusteeship Council ICJ International Court of Justice Secretariat Operating Bodies: UNCTAD U.N. Conference for Trade and Development TDB Trade and Development Board UNICEF U.N. Children's Fund Regional Economic Commissions: ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (see ESCAP) ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the U.N.: FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) IFC International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) ILO International Labor Organization IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization IMF (FUND) International Monetary Fund ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UPU Universal Postal Union UNCTAD U.N. Conference on Trade and Development WHO World Health Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization Autonomous Organization Under the U.N.: IAEA Committees: Seabeds Committee International Atomic Energy Agency United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion rates, generally reflect information through mid-October 1975, except for population estimates, which have been projected to 1 January 1976. Military manpower estimates are as of 1 January 1975 except for average number of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the 5-year period 1975-79. Military and com- munications data are as of 30 October 1975 unless otherwise in- dicated. Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable. Fishing limits are included only when they differ from the territorial limits. For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the two is in the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment. GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus income earned abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries, and the reverse is true in creditor countries. Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other ports of the same country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing accommodations, and commercial or naval importance. Minor ports are the remaining ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower estimated port capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less commercial or naval importance. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000 pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for U.S. fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 AFGHANISTAN AFGHANISTAN (See reference map VII) LAND 250,000 sq. mi.; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste or urban, 3% forested (1970) Land boundaries: 3,425 mi. PEOPLE Population: 19,367,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/72-7/73) Nationality: noun?Afghan(s); adjective?Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras, minor ethnic groups include Chahar, Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% 30 minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: under 10% Labor force: about 4,3 million (1966 official est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 20%- 25% commerce, small industry, services; massive shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Afghanistan Type: republic Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 28 provinces with centrally appointed governors Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution nullified July 1973; independent judiciary also abolished and powers transferred to the Council of Justice, chaired by Minister of Justice; legal education at University of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Parliament abolished July 1973; all powers of the parliament and the monarchy transferred to the President Government leaders: President Mohammad Daoud who also serves as Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and Defense Minister; Mohammad Naim, Daoud's brother and personal adviser Suffrage: universal from age 20 Elections: promised but no date set Political parties and leaders: no political parties permitted Communists: there are two pro-Moscow Com- munist groups, Parcham and Khalq, believed to have several hundred active members, and a smaller pro- Peking group, Sholaye-Jaweid Other political or pressure groups: most military officers support the government; no known organized opposition Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion (FY74, at current prices), well below $100 per capita; real growth rate about 3.7% (1967-73) Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and occupy nearly 80% of the labor force; main crops ? wheat and other grains, cotton, fruits, nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages ? wheat, sugar, tea Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 298,000 kw. capacity (1974); 520 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 27 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: 160 million (f.o.b., FY74); fresh and dried fruits, hides and skins, natural gas, cotton, carpets and rugs, wool Imports: $123 million (c.i.f., FY74); transportation equipment, non-metallic minerals, tea, sugar, petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? U.S.S.R., India, U.K., West Germany, Pakistan; imports ? Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U.K., U.S. Aid: economic ? U.S.S.R. (1954-74) $837 million extended, $620 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1954- 74) $39 million extended, $11 million drawn; China (1965-74) $74 million extended, $27 million drawn; U.S. (FY49-73) $484 million committed; international organizations (1946-73) $99 million; military ? U.S.S.R. (1956-74) $492 million extended, $430 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1955-74) $22 million extended, $20 million drawn; U.S. (FY53-73) $5 million committed Budget: current expenditures $162 million, capital expenditures $110 million for FY75 Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis = US$1 (official); 58 Afghanis= US$1 (December 1974) Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.4 mi. (single track) 5'0"-gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line 1 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 AFGHANISTAN/ ALBANIA Highways: 11,170 mi. (1974); 1,615 mi. paved. 2,200 mi. gravel, 3,895 mi, improved earth, and 3,470 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: total navigability 760 mi.; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: only minor river ports Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 41 total, 36 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 6 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: limited telephone, tele- graph, and radiobroadcast services, barely sufficient to meet civil and military requirements; 24,528 telephones; 111,000 radio receivers; no TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 4.9 million; 2.6 million fit for military service; about 177,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the U.S.S:R. ALBANIA Mediterranean Sea (Sea mference map 1111 LAND 11,100 sq. mi.; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 445 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 0 mi. Coastline: 260 mi. (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,439,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun?Albanian(s); adjective-- Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic (observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state) Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics available, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisons: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities, 2,600 villages Legal system: based on Soviet law; constitution adopted 1950; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State l.iniversity of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehir President, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Flaxhi lieshi Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 October 1974; 99.9% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Iloxha Communists: 87,000 party members (1971) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPI!, WFTU, W110, WM(); has riot participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion in 1972 (at 1972 prices), $520 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops ? corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages ? wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles arid clothing, lumber, and extractive in Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 500,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 660 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $91 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade ? 55% minerals, metals, fuels; 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 5% consumer goods Imports: $159 million (1970 est. ); 1964 trade 50% machinery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 7% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ALBANIA/ALGERIA fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs); 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks =US$1 (commer- cial); 12.5 leks =US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 172 mi. standard gage, single track; government owned (1974) Highways: 3,100 mi.; 800 mi. paved, 1,000 mi. crushed stone and/or gravel, 1,300 mi. improved or unimproved earth (1974) Inland waterways: 27 mi. plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1975) Freight carried: rail ? 3.1 million short tons, 123.3 million short ton/mi. (1971); highways ? 43.0 million short tons, 616.4 million short ton/mi. (1971) Ports: 2 major (Durres, Vlore), 2 minor (1975) Pipelines: crude oil, 110 mi. Civil air: no major transport aircraft (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 653 million leks; about 9% of total budget AiWait Ocean ALGERIA (See reference map 11) LAND 950,000 sq. mi.; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 3,890 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 735 mi. PEOPLE Population: 17,062,000, average annual growth rate 3.2% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Algerian(s); adjective? Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 2.8 million; 47% agriculture, 8% industry, 24% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); 40% of urban labor unem- ployed Organized labor: 17% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; constitution adopted by referendum 1963 but suspended since June 1965; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran and Constantine; ha .s not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant, unicameral legislature has not met since June 1965 coup d'etat but was never formally suspended, judiciary Government leader: IIouari Boumediene, Presi- dent of Council of the Revolution and President of the Council of Ministers, overthrew elected President Ahmed Ben Bella 19 June 1965 Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 15 September 1963; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN) Voting strength (1963 election): 100% FLN Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: AFDB, Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 3 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ALGERIA/ ANDORRA ECONOMY GNP: $12.1 billion (1974 provisional), $719 per capita, average annual increase since 1971 (current prices), 26% Agriculture: main crops ? wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,770,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 169 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4,600 million (f.o.b., 1974); crude petroleum 87%, other items?natural gas, wine, citrus I ruit, iron ore, vegetables; to France 24%, West Germany 24%, Benelux 9%, Italy 8%, U.S.S.R. 7% (1973) Imports: $4,039 million (c.i.f., 1974); major items?capital goods 35%, semi-finished goods 28%, foodstuffs 23%; from France 38%, West Germany 9%, Italy 9%, U.S. 8% (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 4.18 dinars = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,414 mi.; 1,660 nh. standard gage, 663 mi. 359/16" gage, 91 mi. meter gage; 188 mi. electrified; 120 mi. double track Highways: 48,614 mi., of which 27,943 mi. are paved arid the remainder earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,250 mi.; refined products, 180 mi.; natural gas, 1,785 mi. Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft Airfields: 190 total, 189 usable; 58 with permanent-surface runways; 21 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 107 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international facilities in the north, primarily radio communications in the desert; satellite ground stations; 220,800 telephones; 1,150,000 radio receivers; 310,000 TV receivers; 15 AM and 39 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,974,000; 2,347,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 163,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $257,693,200; 4.7% of national budget ANDORRA LAND 180 sq. mi. (See reference reap IV) Land boundaries: 65 mi. PEOPLE Population: 19,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1969) Nationality: noun?Andorran(s); adjective? A ndorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Valleys of Andorra Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 6 districts ? Andorra la Vella, Sant Julia de Loria, Encamp, Canillo, La Massana, and Ordino Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) of 24 members with one-half elected every 2 years for 4-year term; executive ? syndic and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Buttes (court prosecutors) Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December 1973 Political parties and leaders: no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ANDORRA/ANGOLA competence, personality and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972 Communists: negligible ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (only 25% of land can be used for agriculture) Major industries: tourism ($1 million annually), one cigarette factory (annual output $1 million), handicrafts, smuggling (tobacco to France; manufac- tured items, including automobiles and cameras, to Spain) Shortages: food Electric power: 25,000 kw. capacity (1974); 100 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 380 kw.-hr. per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 60 mi. Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 2,800 telephones; 8,000 radio receivers, 3,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed ANGOLA LAND 481,000 sq. mi.; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 3,150 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: Angola, 6,052,000 (does not take into account recent emigration from Angola), average annual growth rate 1.6% (12/60-12/70); Cabinda, 95,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1972) Nationality: noun?Angolan(s); adjective? Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% Europeans, 1% mestizos Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects (See reference 'nap VI( Literacy: 10%-15% Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Angola received independence from Portugal on November 11, 1975. Three rival liberation groups are fighting a civil war in order to gain political control over the former territory. The groups are National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNI,A) led by Holden Roberto, Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (M PLA) led by Agostinho Neto, and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) led by Jonas Savimbi. Capital: Luanda ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974 est.), $500 per capita, 6.1% real growth (1970-72) Agriculture: cash crops ? coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops ? cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 599,000 metric tons, $18.3 million (1972); exports $18.7 million; imports $5.5 million (1971) Major industries: mining (oil, iron, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 465,000 kw. capacity (1974); 984 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 163 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1.3 billion (est. f.o.b., 1974); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, and corn Imports: $600 million (est. c.i.f., 1974); capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines Major trade partners: main partner Portugal, followed by West Germany, U.S., U.K., Japan Aid: Portugal only donor 5 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ANGOLA/ ANTIGUA Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million, prelim. est. Monetary conversion rate: 26.68 escudos. US$1 as of August 1975 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,918 mi.; 1,724 mi. 3'6" gage, 194 mi. 1'11%" gage Highways: 45,000 mi.; 4,970 mi. bituminous- surface treatment, 28,000 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,000 mi. navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 111 mi. Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 552 total, 4118 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 6 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 77 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: network of open-wire and radio-relay facilities; satellite ground station; 37,500 telephones; 116,000 radio receivers; 24 AM, 11 FM, :ind no TV stations ANTIGUA DOMINICAN Atlantic REPUBLIC Ocean PUERTO RICO = ANTIGUA Caribbean Sea 11 0 a (See reference moll) LAND 108 sq. mi.; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 95 mi. PEOPLE Population: 72,000, average annual growth rate 1.4'4 (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Antignan(s); adjective? Antiguan 6 Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects and some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British -Associated State'' Capital: St. John's Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Barbuda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and 5 justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Premier George Herbert Walter; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1971 Political parties and leaders: Antigua I,abor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM ): George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1971 election ? house of Representative seats ? ALP 4, PIM 13 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Afro- Caribbean Movement (ACM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CA RICOM ECONOMY GDP: $30 million (1973 est.), $395 per capita Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: oil refining, tourism Shortages: electric power Electric power: 23,000 kw. capacity (1974); 46 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 540 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $29 million (f.o.b. 1973); petroleum products, cotton Imports: $47 million (c.i.f., 1973); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: U.K. 30%, U.S. 25% Commonwealth Caribbean countries 18% Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY46-71), $1.5 million in loans Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 East Caribbean dollars =-.US$1 (May 1975), now floating with pound sterling Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04122: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 ANTIGUA/ ARGENTINA COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 49 mi. narrow gage (2'6"), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 235 mi.; 150 mi. main, 85 mi. secondary Ports: 1 major (St. John's), 1 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 9,000 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: automatic telephone sys- tem; 3,150 telephones; tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 22,000 radio receivers, 12,300 TV sets; 2 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables ARGENTINA (See reference map 111 LAND 1,070,000 sq. mi.; 57% agricultural (II% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 5,850 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi. (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 3,100 mi. PEOPLE Population: 25,551,000, average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun?Argentine(s); adjective? Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) Labor force: 9.5 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and I territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidency; legislature; national judiciary Government leader: President, Maria Estela Martinez, de Peron Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: general elections held on 11 March 1973; congressional and gubernatorial runoffs were held on 13 April; next election in 4 years Political parties: Justicialistas, the official Peronist party; Radical Civic Union, moderate leftist and nationalist, Ricardo Balbin; Federal Popular Alliance, Francisco Manrique; Movement of Integration and Development (MID), small left of center party, former President Frondizi; New Force, conservative business party, organized by Alvaro Alsogaray for the 1973 elections; Intransigent Party, formerly the Intransigent Radicals (UCR1), small nationalist party, Oscar Alende; several provincial parties not organized on a national basis Voting strength: Justicialista Front, 61%; Radicals (former People's Radical Civic Union, UCRP), 24%; Federal Popular Alliance, 12%; others, 3% Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Argentine armed forces, Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's as- sociation), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 ARGENTINA/AUSTRALIA Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, 1BRD, ICAO, IDA, TDB, IFC, (HO, 11,0, IMC(), IMF, rru, 1,AFTA, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFT11, WHO, WMO, Non- Aligned Nations Croup ECONOMY GDP: $58.9 billion (at average theoretical parity exchange rate, 1974) $1,580 per capita; 77% consumption, 20% investment (1974); real growth rate 1974, 7.2% Agriculture: main products ? cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 238,000 metric tons (1972), $44.6 million (1972); exports $25 million (1973), imports $3.6 million (1970) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpacking), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 2,4 million metric tons produced (1974), 90 kilograms per capita Electric power: 8,349,000 kw. capacity (1974); 27.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,090 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4,01 billion (f.o.b., 1.974)?meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $3,57 billion (c.i.f., 1974)? machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1973): exports?EC 40%, LA ETA 24%, U.S. 8%, Japan 4%; imports?EC 30%, LAFTA 19%, U.S. 21%, Japan 11% Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $879 million in loans, $17.8 million in grants; from international organizations (1"Y46-73), $1.3 billion; from other Western countries (1960-66), $315.5 million; from Communist countries (1954-74) $490 million ($40.0 million drawn); military ? assistance from U.S. (FY46-73), $174 million Monetary conversion rate: commercial 37.7 pesos= US$1; financial-48.3 pesos= US$1, parallel market 115 pesos= US$1 (October 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 24,350 mi.; 2,000 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2"), 13,750 mi. broad gage (5'6"), 8,402 mi. meter gage (3'3%"), 75 mi. 25?" gage, 130 mi. 1'115/8" gage; about 1,035 mi. double and multiple track; 76 mi. electrified Highways: 180,000 mi., of which 24,500 mi. paved, 46,500 mi. gravel, 100,000 mi. improved earth Inland waterways: 6,800 navigable mi. Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,540 mi.; refined products, 1,370 mi.; natural gas, 5,670 mi. January 1976 Civil air: 4.5 major transport aircraft, includes I leased from a foreign country Airfields: 2,447 total, 2,149 usable; 83 with permanent-surface runways; 20 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 291 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive modern system; telephone network has 2,240,000 sets, radio relay widely used, 2 communications satellite ground stations; estimated 11 million radio receivers and 4 million TV sets; 145 AM, 12 FM, and 60 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,312,000; 5,094,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 214,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $684.9 million; about 10% of total central government budget AUSTRALIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA vszsP'\ V.aks NKNESIA. 61101M...goz."400 Coral Sea Tasman Canberra Sea mi ian Ocean (See reference map WM LAND 2,970,000 sq. mi.; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 3491 other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 16,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 13,721,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (7/66-7/74) Nationality: noun?Australian(s); adjective? Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, I % Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian, 2% animist and others Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 AUSTRALIA Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-R0P79-01051A000800010001-8 Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 4.76 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Australian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern (erritory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir John Kerr; Prime Minister john Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 21. Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: Government ? Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition ? Labour Party (Gough Whitlam) Voting strength (1975 Parliamentary election ? lower House): Liberal-Country Coalition, 91 seats; Labour Party, 35 seats; 1 seat undecided Communists: 3,900 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, ANZUS, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, [EA, IFC, IHO, ILO, INICO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GNP: $78.9 billion (1974), $5,900 per capita; 60% private consumption, 15% government current expenditure, 25% investment (FY75); real average annual growth (1969-74), 4% Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products ? wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 118,000 metric tons, $102 million (1972); exports $102.5 million (FY74), imports $109.9 million (FY74) Major industries: mining, bauxite, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 8.1 million metric tons produced (FY75), 590 kilograms per capita Electric power: 19,830,000 kw. capacity (1974); 72.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 3,430 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $11.1 billion (f.o.b., 1974); principal products (FY75)?agricultural products 34%, metalliferous ores 14%, wool 8%, coal 8% Imports: $12.4 billion (c.i.f., 1974) Major trade partners: (FY75) exports-28% Japan, 10% U.S., 6% New Zealand, 5% U.K.; imports-21% U.S., 15% U.K., 17% Japan Aid: economic ? Australian aid abroad $1.9 billion (FY65-74); $371 million ,(FY74), 68% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$17.6 billion; receipts A$15.4 billion (FY75) Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Australian dollar= US$1 (A$1= US$1.25), October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 25,251 mi.; 5,715 mi. 5'3" gage, 8,323 mi. 4'8?" gage, 11,213 mi. 3'6" gage; 497 mi. electrified (June 1962); government owned (except for few hundred miles of privately owned track) Highways: 530,685 mi. (1974); 129,390 mi. paved, 130,420 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 276,925 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 5,200 mi.; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft Freight carried: rail ? 87.3 million short tons (based on 1st 10 months of FY72); coastal and inland shipping ? 32.6 million tons Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 460 mi.; refined products, 211 mi.; natural gas, 4,317 mi. Civil air: 159 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,738 total, 1,645 usable; 188 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways over 12,000 ft.; 12 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 648 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: very good international and domestic service; 4,659,182 telephones; 12,3 million radio receivers; 3.6 million TV receivers; 183 AM stations in 127 cities, no FM, 104 TV stations and 47 repeaters; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RD1379-01051A000800010001-8 9 Approved For Release 2005104122: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 AUSTRALIA/AUSTRIA DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,227,0(X); 2,842,000 fit for military service; 122,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $2.1 billion; about 10% of total central government budget AUSTRIA (See reference men LAND 32,400 sq. mi.; 20% cultivated 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 18% forested, I% inland water Land boundaries: 1,605 mi. PEOPLE Population: 7,541,000, average annual growth rate 0.0% (1/74-1/75) Nationality: noun?Austrian(s)? adjective? Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: (;erman Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,656,922 ((974); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number more than 200,000 (1972); unemployment 2.0% (August (975) Organized labor: about 2/3 of wage and salary workers (1971) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria (0 Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states ( Laender) including the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutiimal Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vienna. Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, arid Linz: has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral Parliament, direi?tly elected President whose functions are largely representational, independent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirch- schlaeger, Chancellor 13mno Kreisky leads a tine-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19: compulsory for presidential elections Elections: presidential, every 6 years (next 1980): parliamentary, every 4 years (next October) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SP0e), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (0eVP), Josef Taus, Chairman; lAberal Party (EPOel, Friedrich Peter, Chairman; Communist l'arty, Franz M ibri, Chairman Voting strength (1975 election): 50.6% SP0e, 42.7% OeVP. 5.3% FPO', 1.2% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7?000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian Peoples Party (0eVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADA, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESR() (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IARD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, I FC, 11,0, IMF, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, wyru. WHO, WM() ECONOMY GNP: $30.5 billion (1974), $4,070 per capita; 55.1% consumption, 31.4% investment, 14.4% government, ?0,4% net foreign balance: ?0.5% net errors and omissions (1972); 1974 growth rate 4.5% constant prices Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles. chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 AUSTRIA/THE BAHAMAS Crude steel: 4.7 million metric tons produced (1974), 630 kilograms per capita (1974) Electric power: 9,239,000 kw. capacity (1974); 33.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,530 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $7.1 billion (f.o.b., 1974); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles and clothing, paper products, chemicals Imports: $9.0 billion (c.i.f., 1974); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, coal, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1974) West Germany 31%, Italy 8.2% Switzerland 10%, U.K. 5.2%, U.S. 3.1% EC 54%; EFTA 14%; Communist countries 13% Aid: economic ? authorized ? U.S. $1,218 million through FY73; IBRD $105 million through FY73, none since FY62; military ? U.S., $116 million (FY52-73); net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies ? $205 million (FY62-72), $17 million in FY72 Budget: expenditures, $8,880 million; receipts, $8,332 million; deficit, $548 million (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 18.69 shillings= US$1, average 1974 (floating rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,073 mi.; 3,673 mi. government owned; 3,373 mi. standard gage of which 1,408 mi. electrified and 833 mi. double tracked; 300 mi. narrow gage (2'6") of which 57 mi. electrified; 400 mi, privately owned; 229 mi. standard gage of which 109 mi. electrified; 171 mi. narrow gage (2'6" and 3'33/8") of which 55 mi. electrified Highways: approximately 21,000 mi. total national classified network, including 6,500 mi. federal and 14,500 mi. provincial roads; about 13,000 mi. paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 8,000 mi. unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 38,000 mi. communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 267 mi.; carries 5% freight, 6% passengers Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: crude oil, 500 mi.; natural gas, 1,440 mi. Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft, including 1 registered but leased from a foreign country Airfields: 54 total, 51 usable; 13 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 100 AM, 89 FM, and 235 TV stations; 2.06 million telephones; 2.64 million radio receivers; 1.88 million television receivers; COMSAT station is planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,714,000; 1,378,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 56,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $412 million; about 3.8% of the federal budget THE BAHAMAS UNITED STATES Atlantic Ocean g THE 6 - I , BAHAMAS ) Caribbean Sea DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (See reference map LAND 4,400 sq. mi.; 1% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 2,200 mi. (New Providence Is. 47 mi.) PEOPLE Population: 203,000, average annual growth rate 2.1% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Bahamian (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 69,000 (1970); 25% organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as chief of state 11 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 THE BAHAMAS/BAHRAIN Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister I,ynden 0. Pindling Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly (9 September 1972) Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly Negro, Lynden 0. Pindling; Free National Movement (FNM) formed by a merger of United Bahamian Party (UBP) and Free Progressive Liberal Party (Free PLP), Kendall Isaacs Voting strength (1972 election): FLP 29 seats, FNM 9 seats Communists: negligible Member of: IMF, Seabeds Committee, U.N., WMO ECONOMY GNP: $496 million (at market prices, 1973), $2,490 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production Electric power: 230,000 kw. capacity (1974); 650 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 3,200 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1974); fuel oil, pharmaceuticals, cement, rum Imports: $1.9 billion (c.i.f., 1974); crude oil, foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade-partners: exports ? U.S. 86%, U.K. 2%, Canada 2%; imports?U.S. 24%, Libya 20%, Nigeria 16% (1973) Aid: economic ? authorizations from U.S. (FY56- 73) ? $24.8 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1) = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,300 mi. total; 530 mi. paved, 770 mi. gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 51 total, 48 usable; 16 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 21 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 58,000 telephones in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 90,000 radio receivers and 30,000 TV sets, 3 AM and 2 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables 12 BAHRAIN (See reference men VI LAND 230 sq. mi. plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n mi Coastline: 100 mi PEOPLE Population: 243,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (2/65-4/71) Nationality: noun?Bahraini(s); adjective? Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% (1970) Labor force: 60,301 (1971) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Al Manamah Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 Branches: Emir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a national assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Emir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the Constitutional provision for election of the assembly Government leader: Emir Asa ibn Salman Al- Khalifah Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BAHRAIN/BANGLADESH Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant pressure groups although numerous small clandestine groups are active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IMF, OAPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $390 million (1973), $1,650 per capita, dominated by oil industry; crude oil production in 1974 estimated at the rate of approx. 70,000 bbls. per day; refinery produced about 90 million bbls. in 1974; government oil revenues for 1974 are estimated at $165 million including refinery income and Saudi Arabia's payment for the Abu Sal an field production Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, boatbuild- ing, shrimp fishing, and sailmaking on a small scale; major development projects include aluminum smelter, flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock to be built by 1977 Electric power: 108,000 kw. capacity (1974); 270 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,139 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: non-oil exports $80 million (1973) Imports: non-oil, $317 million (1973) Major trade partners: U.K., Japan, U.S., EC Aid: received $110 million in bilateral commit- ments and committed itself $8.5 million to multilateral agencies in CY74 Budget: (1974 revised) $227 million, 85% of revenues from oil Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar= US$2.52 (since January 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 120 mi. bituminous surfaced; undeter- mined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, 35 mi.; refined products, 10 mi.; natural gas, 20 mi. Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft (all registered in the U.K.) Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunications; limited domestic services; 17,700 telephones; 82,000 radio receivers; 10,000 TV sets; 1 AM radiobroadcast station; satellite earth station; tropospheric scatter Bahrain to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 62,000; fit for military service 34,000 Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975; $14.05 million, 4.3% of total budget BANGLADESH (See reference map VII) LAND 55,000 sq. mi.; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 1,575 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n mi. Coastline: 360 mi. PEOPLE Population: 74,775,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun?Bengalee(s); adjective? Bangladesh Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than 1 million Biharis- and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: about 25% Labor force: over 26 million; extensive un- deremployment; over 80% of labor force is in agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bangladesh 13 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BANGLADESH/BARBADOS Type: independent republic since December 1971; Government of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; country currently governed by military-backed martial law administration with civilian president and three military service chiefs as deputy martial law administrators Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian Presidential system Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legislature, strong President; controlled judiciary; Parliament dissolved by current regime Government leader: President A. M. Sayern Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: First Parliament (House of the Nation) elected in March 1973; elections every 5 years; Government has banned political activity but has announced intention to lift ban in 1976, and hold elections in 1977 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: 'Student groups, hands of former guerrillas Member of: AM, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity )rganization, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, 11,0, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $6.4 billion FY74 est. (FY70 prices), less than $100 per capita; real annual per capita growth (74/70) ?0.5% Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages ? rice, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 818,000 metric tons (1973) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 762,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 15 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $371.8 million (FY74); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $917.6 million (FY74); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, yarn, manufactured products Major trade partners: West Pakistan (until December 1971), U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., India Aid: Bangladesh received roughly one-third of the estimated $8 billion in total economic aid received by Pakistan between 1950 and 1971; since independence (December 1971-30 June 1974) commitments $2.15 billion, disbursements $1.25 billion; for 11.1'75, 14 commitments $1.1 billion of which U.S. $316 million, Rank Group $150 million, U.S.S.R. $77 million Budget: (FY76) revenue expenditures, $413 million; capital expenditures, $655 million Monetary conversion rate: 14.5 taka=US$1 (October 1975) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,785 mi.; 1,175 mi. meter gage, 610 mi. broad gage, 180 mi. double track; government-owned Highways: 27,500 mi.; 2,500 mi. paved; 1,450 mi. gravel, 23,610 mi. earth Inland waterways: 4,350 mi.; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major; 5 minor Pipelines: natural gas, 93 mi. Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 26 total, 19 usable; 19 with permanent surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: inadequate international rad iocomrnunications and landline service; fair domestic wire and radiocommunication service; fair broadcast service; 67,000 (est.) telephones; 400,000 radio sets; 15,000 (est.) TV sets; 10 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 19,307,000; 10,725,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $88.8 million; about 7% of the central government budget BARBADOS (See reference map 11/ LAND 166 sq. mi.; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built on, waste, other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BARBADOS/BELGIUM WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 60 mi. PEOPLE Population: 239,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun?Barbadian(s); adjective? Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 97,000 (1973 est.) wage and salary earners Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as chief of state Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member appointed Senate and a 24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister Errol Walton Barrow; Governor General Sir Winston Scott Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 9 September 1971 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow; Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G. -Tom- Adams Voting strength (1971 election): Democratic Labor Party (DLP), 57.5%; Barbados Labor Party, 42.5%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats ? DLP 18, BLP 6 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black- nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IADB, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GDP: $264 million (1974), $1,100 per capita; real growth rate 1974, ?11% Agriculture: main products ? sugar, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, manufac- turing Electric power: 66,860 kw. capacity (1974); 200 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 600 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $86 million (f.o.b., 1974); sugar and sugarcane by-products, clothing Imports: $209 million (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs, machinery, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports ? U.K. 28%, U.S. 14%, CARIFTA 28%, other 30%; imports ? U.K. 25%, U.S. 21%, Canada 11%, CAMP-1'A 13%, other 30% (1973) Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY67-73), $1.4 million; from international organizations (FY63-73), $4.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dol- lars=US$1 (September 1975), now floating with pound sterling Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 850 mi.; 800 mi. paved, and 50 mi. gravel, and earth Ports: I major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 8,000- 11,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 42,500 telephones; tropo- spheric scatter link to Trinidad; VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 100,000 radio and 35,000 TV sets, 2 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV stations; 1 telegraph submarine cable; communications satellite earth station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 51,000; 37,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age, (18) annually, 3,000; no conscription BELGIUM LAND 11,800 sq. mi.; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 856 mi. 15 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BELGIUM (See reference map IV WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 40 Mi. PEOPLE Population: 9,801,000, average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Belgian(s); adjective?Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.0 million; approximately 95% is found in the following sectors: 32% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, banking, and insurance, 8% construction, 7.5% transportation and communi- cation, 4% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 1.2% mining, 0.8% public utilities and sanitary services (1972); 7.0% unemployed, September 1975 Organized labor: 48% of labor force (1969) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive branch consists of King arid cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Baudouin; Prime Minister I ,en Tindemans 16 Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held 10 March 1974 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb and Wilfred Martens, co-presidents; Socialist, Andre Cools and Willy Claes, co-presidents; Liberty and Progress, Senator P. Deschamps, national president; Liberal Democratic and Pluralist Party, Rolland Gillet, party president; Francophone Democratic Front-Walloon Rally (Walloon nationalist), Leo Defosset, national president; Volksunie (Flemish Nationalist), Hugo Schlitz, party president; Communist, Louis Van Gent, president of political bureau Voting strength (1974 election): 72 seats Social Christian, 59 seats Socialist, 30 seats Liberty and Progress, 22 seats Volksunie, 22 seats Francophone Democratic Front-Walloon Rally, 4 seats Communist, 3 seats Democratic and Pluralist Communists: 10,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; two major organiza- tions represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WELL WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $47.8 billion (1974, in 1973 prices), $4,890 per capita (1973); 1973 ? 60% consumption, 22% investment, 15% government, 3% net foreign balance; 1974 real GNP growth rate 4.1% Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops ? grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self- sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 42,200 metric tons, $30.4 million (1973); exports $28.0 million (1973), imports $74.0 million (1973) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Shortages: iron ore, nonferrous minerals, petroleum Crude steel: capacity 14.8 million metric tons; 16.227 million metric tons produced; 1,660 kg. per capita (1974 est.) Electric power: 9,397,000 capacity (1974); 42.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 3,700 kw.-hr. per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 BELGIUM/BELIZE Exports: $28.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974), ferrous metals, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: $29.7 billion (c.i.f., 1974), nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1973) EC-nine 72% (West Germany 24%, France 20%, Netherlands 17%, U.K. 6%, Italy 4%); U.S. 6%; Communist countries 2% Aid: economic ? received, U.S., $783.8 million authorized (FY46-73), $2.5 million in FY73; IBRD, $200.8 million (1949-73); military ? received, $1,260.8 million authorized (FY46-73); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $1,092 million (FY60-70), $235.6 million in 1973 Ordinary budget, 1975 (projected): revenue $16.19 billion, projected expenditures $19 billion (1 franc =US$0.0257 floating) Monetary conversion rate 1974 average: 1 franc=US$0.0257 floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,746 mi.; 2,573 mi. standard gage and government owned, 1,585 mi. double track, 765 mi. electrified; 173 mi. privately owned, electrified narrow (3'33A") Highways: approximately 65,000 mi., including 650 mi. limited access divided -Autoroute-; about 50% paved (bituminous, stone block, concrete) and 50% unpaved (crushed stone, gravel, improved earth) Inland waterways: 1,270 mi., of which 950 are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 600 mi.; crude, 100 mi.; natural gas, 1,800 mi. Civil air: 56 major transport aircraft Airfields: 45 total, 44 usable; 22 with permanent- surface runways; 12 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities; 2.71 million telephones; 3.8 million radio receivers; 2.51 million TV receivers; 7 AM, 13 FM, and 21 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 comunica- ations satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,238,000; 1,793,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 76,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $1,899 million; about 9% of proposed central government budget BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) Pacific Ocean (See reference map II) LAND 8,870 sq. mi.; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Land boundaries: 320 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n mi. Coastline: 240 mi. PEOPLE Population: 140,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (4/60-4/70) Nationality: noun?Belizean(s); adjective? Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerindian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mennonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although country remains a British colony Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 17 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release BE! IZEIBERMUDA Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected membership); cabinet; judiciary Government leader: Premier George Price Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: must be held within 5 years of last elections held in October 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson, the People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean 'Ando, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Laurence; Corozal United Front (CUF), Santiago RicaIde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 scats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is connected with PUP Member of: CAR1COM, WC1. ECONOMY GDP: $75.0 million (1973 est.), $570 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 36% domestic investment, ?31% net foreign balance (1968); real growth rate 1971 3.5% Agriculture: main products ? sugar, citrus fruits, corn, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum, soap Electric power: 7,000 kw. capacity (1974); 28 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 210 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $31.7 million (f.o.b., 1973 est.); sugar, lumber, citrus fruits, fish Imports: $49.9 million (c.i.f, , 1973). vehicles, petroleum, food, textiles, machinery Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports ? U.S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY46-73), $6.6 million, grants; from international organizations (1946-73), $1.7 million Monetary conversion rate: $BH1.66 = US$1 (March 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,400 mi.; 200 mi. paved, 500 mi. gravel, 550 mi. improved earth and 150 mi. unimproved earth January 1978 Inland waterways: 514 mi. river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 36 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 4,000 telephones in auto- matic and manual network; radio-relay system tinder construction; 68,000 radio receivers; 4 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 30,000; 19,000 fit for military service; 1,500 reach military age (18) annually BERMUDA (See reference map II) LAND 21 sq. mi.; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n mi Coastline: 64 mi. PEOPLE Population: 57,000 average annual growth rate 1.6% (1/68-1/74) Nationality: noun?Berm udan(s ); adjective? Bermudan Ethnic divisions: approximately 63% African, 37% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Protestant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English Literacy: virtually 100% Labor force: 24,855 (1974) 18 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BERMUDA/BHUTAN GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly Government leaders: Governor Sir Edwin Leather; Government Leader (equivalent to Premier) Sir Edward Richards Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, June 1972 Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), Sir Edward Richards; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Walter N.H. Robinson Voting strength (1972 elections): UBP 61.2%, PLP 38.8%; House of Assembly seats ? UBP 30, PLP 10 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) ECONOMY GNP: $300-$350 million (at market prices, 1974), $5,000-$6,000 per capita Agriculture: main products ? bananas, vegeta- bles, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,120 kw. capacity (1974); 298 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 5,320 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $29.4 million (f.o.b., 1973); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $154.6 million (f.o.b., 1974); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: U.S. 45%, U.K. 22%, Canada 9% (1971) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dol- lar =US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 130 mi., all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George's Freeport, Ireland Island) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with concrete runway 9,710 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern telecom system, includes fully automatic telephone system with 36,500 sets; 50,000 radio and 22,000 TV receivers, 2 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables BHUTAN (See reference map VII) LAND 18,000 sq. mi.; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 540 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,187,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun?Bhutanese (sing., pl.); adjective?Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Bud- dhist-influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official ' language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power ? no constitution existed beforehand; a supreme court hears appeals from district administra- tors; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: appointed minister and indirectly elected assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior government administrators Government leader: King Jigme Singhi Wangchuk 19 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BHUTAN 'BOLIVIA Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Conununist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colmnbo Plan, Seabeds Committee, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: under $100 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 1,900 kw. capacity (1974); 5 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts Imports: about $1.4 million annually Major trading partner: India Aid: economic -- India (FY61-72) $180 million Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 8.77 ngultrums = 8.77 Indian rupees= US$1 as of October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 810 mi.; 260 mi. surfaced, 320 mi. improved, 230 mi. unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 asphalt runway 4,500 ft., and I with concrete runway 2,950 ft. Telecommunications: facilities almost nonexistent; 570 telephones; 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; I FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 279,000; 150,000 fit for military service; about 9,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India BOLIVIA LAND 424,000 sq. mi.; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, deserN waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 3,780 mi. PEOPLE Population: 5,480,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) 90 Nationality: Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active protestant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.5 million (1972); 69.1% agriculture, 3.3% mining, 9.6% services and utilities, 8% manufacturing, 10% other Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; de facto military dictatorship government Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (judicial capital) Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; congress of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies), congress disbanded after 26 September 1969 ouster of President Siles; judiciary Government leaders: President Hugo Banzer Suarez Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed indefinitely; most party leaders are in exile (See reference map III) noun?Bolivian(s); adjective? Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BOLIVIA/BOTSWANA Voting strength (1966 elections): Frente de la Revolucion Boliviana (a coalition composed of the MPC, PIR, PRA, PSD, and two interest groups, the campesinos and Chaco War Veterans) 61%, FSB 12%, MNR 10%, other 17% Communists: three parties (all proscribed); PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, IAEA, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, 1DB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, International Tin Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.16 billion (1974, in 1973 dollars), $230 per capita; 69% private consumption, 11% public consumption, 16% gross domestic investment, +4% net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate 1971-74 average 5.9% Agriculture: main crops ? potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of foodstuffs including lard, vegetable oils, and wheat; caloric intake, 1,800 calories per day per capita (1971) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 309,000 kw. capacity (1974); 904 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 180 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $555.1 million (f.o.b., 1974 est); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton Imports: $390.8 million (f.o.b., 1974 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: exports ? U.K. 26%, U.S. 17%, West Europe 4%, Latin America 20%; imports ? U.S. 28%, Latin America 27%, Japan 17%, Western Europe 26% (1972) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73) $300 million in loans, $319 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $228 million; from other Western countries (1960-72), $53.3 million; Communist countries (1970-74), $60.2 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY52-73), $36 million (1974, in 1973 dollars) Budget: $152 million revenues, $159 million expenditures Monetary conversion rate: 20 pesos = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,310 mi., single track; 2,290 mi., meter gage, 20 mi., 2'6" gage; all government owned except 60 mi. of meter-gage track; 5.6 mi. of meter-gage track electrified Highways: 23,200 mi.; 700 mi. paved, 4,100 mi. gravel, 3,700 mi. improved earth, 14,700 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 6,250 mi. of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,040 mi.; refined products and crude 930 mi.; natural gas 350 mi. Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 60 major transport aircraft Airfields: 561 total, 520 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 4 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 116 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: poorest telecom facilities on continent; radio-relay network under construction; 53,000 telephones; est. 2.5 million radio and 44,000 TV receivers; 84 AM, 17 FM, and 2 TV stations; COMSAT station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 1,227,000; 770,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 58,000 BOTSWANA (See reference map VI) LAND 220,000 sq. mi.; about 6% arable, less than 1% under cultivation, mostly desert Land boundaries: 2,345 mi. PEOPLE Population: 685,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) 21 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1.976 BOTSWANA/BRAZIL Nationality: noun?Botswima (sing., pl.) !diet-- live?Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen. 1%. European Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Africans speak TSWarth vernacular Literacy: about 22% in higlish; about 32% in l'switna; less than 1% secondary school graduates 11,abor force: :385,000; most are engaged in cattle faking and subsistence agriculture; about 51.00(1 in internal cash economy, another 60,000 spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1971) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a total membership of approximately 9,000(1972 est GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Rot swana Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of commonwealth sine(' 1966 Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Riiman-Hutch law and Meal customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (2 1/2 years) and University of Edinburgh (2 years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive ? President appoints :Ind 'sides over the cabinet which is 'responsible to Lcgislative Assembly; legislative ? Legislative Assembly with 32 popularly elected members :ind 4 ,embers elected by the (31 representatives, House of 1'hitifs with deliberative powers only; judicial ? local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: President Seretse Kbarna Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 26 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Demo- mile Party (BDP). Seretse Khania: Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP), Philip Matante; Botswana it depend ence P,ertv (RIP), Motsamai Moho; Botswana National Front (FINE). Kenneth Koma Voting strength: (October 1971 election) BHP (27 seats); BPP (2 seats): BNF (2 seats); 1RP (1 seat) Communists: no known Communist organization. Korna of RN!" has long history of :ommunist contacts Member of: A EDB, Commonwealth, FAO, CA'!"!' (de facto), 113131), IDA, IMF, lEt OAU, Ii. N., UPI M 0 ECONOMY GDP: $142.6 million (April 1971 - March 1972), abont $210 per capita, growth in current prices about 25% annually (FY's 1968-72) Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of diamonds, copper. nickel. coal, asbestos, and manganese Electric power: 14,900 kw. capacity (1974); 64 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 96 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $107 million 11974 est.); cattle, animal products, mo inerals Imports: $147 million (1974 est.); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles Major trade partners: South Africa arid U.K. Budget: (1976) revenue $134 million ($108 million !ram domestic taxes and $26 million from borrowing and foreign aid), current expenditures $75 million, in expenditures $59 million Monetary conversion rate: I SA Rand = US$1.15 as of November 1975 (Botswana uses the South African Rand) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 400 mi. 3'6" gage, single track; owned and operated by the Rhodesia Railroads Highways: 12,900 mi.; 50 mi. paved; 730 mi. crushed stone or gravel; remainder improved earth and unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only of local importance Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 84 total, 74 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 18 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combination of open wire lines, radio relay links, iend a few radiocommunication stations; Gaborone is the center; 6,170 telephones; 55,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 161,000; 83,000 fit for military service, 8,000 reach military age (18) ennui ally BRAZIL LAND 3,290,000 sq. mi.; 4% cultivated, 13% pastures, 23% built-on area, waste, and other, 60% forested Land boundaries: 8,125 mi. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BRAZIL (Sea reference map III) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi. Coastline: 4,655 mi. PEOPLE Population: 108,720,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun?Brazilian(s); adjective? Brazilian Ethnic divisions: 60% white, 30% mixed, 8% Negro, and 2% Indian (1960 est.) Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal) Language: Portuguese Literacy: 67% of the population 15 years or older (1970) Labor force: about 30 million in 1970 (est.); 44.2% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing, 17.8% industry, 15.3% services, transportation, and communication, 8.9% commerce, 4.8% social activities, 3.9% public administration, 5.1% other Organized labor: about 50% of labor force; only about 1.5 million pay dues GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presiden- tial regime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: 21 states, 4 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court Government leader: President Ernesto Geisel Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except illiterates and those stripped of their political rights; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970 Elections: President Medici's successor was chosen by a 505-member electoral college, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected from the state legislatures, on 15 January 1974 and took office on 15 March 1974; Geisel was the choice of Medici and top military chiefs Voting strength: (November 1974 congressional elections) 33.6% ARENA, 31.9% MDB, 35.5% blank and void Political parties and leaders: National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), pro-government Francelino Pereira, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), opposition, Ulisses Guimaraes, president Communists: 6,000, 1,000 militants Other political or pressure groups: excepting the military, the Catholic Church is the only active nationwide pressure group, however, divisions within the Church often prevent it from speaking with one voice; labor and student groups have almost no influence on the government Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $77 billion (1974, in 1973 prices), $810 per capita; 28% gross investment, 79% consumption, ?7% net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate 1974, 9.6% Agriculture: main products ? coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, soybeans; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1962) Fishing: catch 581,000 metric tons (1971) valued at $160 million (1971); exports (f.o.b.) $26.7 million, imports (f.o.b.) $27.5 million (1971) Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking industries Crude steel: 8.5 million metric tons capacity (1974 est.); 7.5 million metric tons produced (1974); 72 kilograms per capita Electric power: 17,643,000 kw. capacity (1974 est.); 74.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 700 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $7,967 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, manufactures, iron ore, cotton, soybeans, sugar, wood, cocoa, beef, shoes Imports: $14,161 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, wheat Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 21%, West Germany 7%, Italy 6%, Netherlands 7%, Japan 6%, U.K. 6%; imports?U.S. 24%, West Germany 12%, Japan 9%, U.K. 3%, Italy 3% (1974) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73)? loans $4.3 billion, grants $655 million; from 23 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BRAZIL/BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS international organizations (FY46-73) $3.0 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71) $617.0 million; from Communist countries (1959-74) $330.6 million; drawings (1959-74) $120 million Budget: (1974) revenues $11.3 billion, expenditures $10.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: 8.670 cruzeiros= US$1 (October 1975, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 19,935 mi.; 17,586 mi. 3'33/" gage, 2,085 mi. 5'3" gage, 121 mi. 48 1/2" gage, 143 mi. narrow gages; 1,621 mi. electrified Highways: 811,000 mi.; 48.000 mi. paved, 763,000 mi, gravel or earth Inland waterways: 31,000 mi. navigable Ports: 6 major, 25 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 770 mi.; refined products, 290 mi.; natural gas, 24 mi. Civil air: 181 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4,044 total, 3,933 usable; 147 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 399 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 18 seaplane stations Telecommunications: moderately good telecom system; radio relay widely used; 4 communications satellite ground stations; 2.75 million telephones; est. 12 million radio and 9.0 million TV receivers; 1,005 AM, 150 FM, and 165 TV stations; 6 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 24,561,000: 16,031,000 fit for military service; 1,200,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $1,321 million; 8.7% of federal budget BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS LAND About 11,500 sq. mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. Coastline: about 3,300 mi. PEOPLE Population: 193,000, average annual growth rate 3,0% (7/67-7/74) Nationality: noun?British Solomon Islander(s); adjective?British Solomon Islander BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS Ca? Pacific Ocean (See reference map VIII) Ethnic divisions: 93.0% Melanesians, 4.0% Polynesians, 1.5% Micronesians, 0.3% Chinese, 0.8% Europeans, 0.4% others Religion: almost all at least nominally Christian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant Literacy: 60% GOVERNMENT Legal name: British Solomon Islands Protectorate Type: British protectorate administered as crown colony Capital: Honiara Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: a High Court plus Magistrates Courts, also a system of native courts throughout the islands Branches: executive authority in High Commis- sioner; a legislative assembly of 24 elected members, a few appointed members Government leaders: Governor D. CC. Ludding- ton and Chief Minister Mamaloni Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years, latest May-June 1973 Political parties and leaders: United Solomon Islands Party Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $29 million (1971) Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas; self-sufficient in rice Electric power: 5,600 kw. capacity (1974); 12 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 66 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $10.3 million (1973); timber 40%, copra 30%, fish 17% Imports: $12.0 million (1973) Major trade partners: exports ? Japan 42%, EEC excluding U.K. 28%; imports?Australia 43%, Japan 12%, U.K. 11% (average 1972-74) 21 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS/BRUNEI Budget: (1971) revenues $9.8 million, expenditures $9.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dol- lar= US$1.31 (1975) COMMUNICATIONS Railroad: none Highways: 518 mi.; 150 mi. sealed or all-weather Inland waterways: none Ports: 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 22 total, 21 usable; 1 permanent surface runway 6,300 ft.; 6 natural surface runways 4,000- 7,999 ft., 14 natural surface runways less than 3,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast, no FM, and no TV stations; 7,700 radio receivers, 1,526 telephones, no TV sets; international connections with London, England, via cable broadcasts BRUNEI BRUNEI Bander San Benue (Sea reference map VIII LAND 2,230 sq. mi.; 3% cultivated; 22% industry, waste, urban or other; 75% forested Land boundaries: 237 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 100 mi PEOPLE Population: 157,000, average annual growth rate 3.3% (8/71-7/73) Nationality: noun?Bruneian(s); adjective? Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 52% Malays, 28% Chinese, 15% indigenous tribes, 5% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chinese Literacy: 45% Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 33.8% trade, transport, services; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Brunei Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promulgated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches; chief of state is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections ? March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, Chairman A. M. N. Azahari Communists: information not available ECONOMY GNP: $420 million (1974 est.), $2,800 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? rubber, rice, pepper, must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas Electric power: 84,000 kw. capacity (1974); 210 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,354 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $360 million (f.o.b. 1972); 96% crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas Imports: $88 million (c.i.f. 1972); 47% machinery and transport equipment, 30% manufactured goods, 8% food Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, U.S. 24%, U.K. 15%, Singapore 9% Monetary conversion rate: 2.54 Brunei dol- lars = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6 mi. narrow gage (20) Highways: 750 mi.; 234 mi. paved (bituminous treated), 250 mi. gravel or stone, 266 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: 130 mi.; navigable by craft drawing less than 4 ft. Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait) 25 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BRUNEI/BULGARIA Pipelines: crude oil, 84 mi.; refined products, 35 mi.; natural gas, 35 mi.; crude oil and natural gas, 150 mi, under construction Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent- mirface runway; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft.; 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 7,788 telephones; 20,000 radio and 4000 est. TV sets; Radio Brunei broadcasts from 3 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 37,000; 22,000 lit for military service; about 1,000 reach military age (18) annually BULGARIA Is, 'Om-ewe map IV LAND 42,800 sq. mi.; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 1,170 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi Coastline: 220 mi. PEOPLE Population: 8,773,000, average annual growth rate 0.7% (current) Nationality: noun?Bulgarian(s); adjective? Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: 95% (est.) Labor force: 4.6 million (July 1973); 32% agriculture, 33% industry, 35% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofiya Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofiya; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative (National Assembly), Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (President and chief of state); Stank() Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: theoretically held every 5 years for National Assembly; last elections held on 27 June 1971; 99.8% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Com- munist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary Communists: 700,000 party members (April 1971) Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dirnitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Committee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Association, International Radio and Television Organization ECONOMY GNP: $17.6 billion, 1974 (at 1973 prices), $2,020 per capita; 1971-74 real growth rate 7.2% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops ? grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1969/70) Fishing: catch 98,000 metric tons (1973) 26 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 BULGARIA/BURMA Major industries: agricultural processing, machin- ery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber Shortages: some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products; fodder Crude steel: 2.2 million metric tons produced (1974), 260 kg. per capita Electric power: 6,084,000 kw. capacity (1974); 22.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,620 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $3,838 million (f.o.b., 1974); 41% machinery, equipment, and transportation equip- ment; 17% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 3% agricultural raw materials; 29% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 10% industrial consumer goods (1974) Imports: $4,283 million (f.o.b., 1974); 42% machinery, equipment, arid transportation equip- ment; 37% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 8% agricultural raw materials; 8% Foodstuffs and animals; 6% industrial consumer goods (1974) Major trade partners: 27% with non-Communist countries; 73% with Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: (commercial) 0.97 leva, (noncommercial) 1.20 leva= US$1 (April 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July - 30 June Note: foreign trade figures were converted at the 1974 rate of 0.97 leva = US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,646 mi.; about 2,494 mi. standard gage, 152 mi. narrow gage; 157 mi. double track; 692 mi. electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 22,300 mi.; 13,100 mi. paved, 6,100 mi. crushed stone and gravel, 3,100 mi. earth (1974) Inland waterways: 300 mi. (1975) Freight carried: rail ? 85.8 million short tons, 11.8 billion short ton/mi. (1974); highway-698.5 million short tons, 6.5 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway-4.9 million short tons, 1,7 billion short ton/mi. (excl. intl. transit traffic) (1974) Ports: 2 major (Varna, Burgas), 5 minor (1975) Civil air: 41 major transport aircraft (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, est. 549 million leva; about 6% of total budget BURMA LAND 262,000 sq. mi.; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969) /See reference map VIII Land boundaries: 3,630 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 1,900 mi. PEOPLE Population: 30,782,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/70-7/73) Nationality: noun?Burman(s); adjective?Bur- mese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 3% Indian, 6% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 70% (official claim) Labor force: 10 million; 67% agriculture, 13% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation Organized labor: no figure available; old labor organizations have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under new 1974 constitution Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions and seven constituent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards Legal system: People's Justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: State Council rules through a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power Government leader: Chairman of State Council and President, Gen. U. Ne Win Suffrage: universal over age 18 27 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 BURMA/BURUNDI Elections: People's Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1974 Political parties and leaders: government- sponsored Burmese Socialist Program Party only legal party Communists: estimated 5,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: People's Patriotic Party; Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IR:, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2.9 billion (FY75, in current prices), $96 per capita; real growth rate 3.5% (FY75) Agriculture: main crops ? paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 446,000 metric tons (1972), $80 million (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear, wood and wood products; petroleum refining Electric power: 397,000 kw. capacity (1974); 720 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 24 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $199 million (f.o.b., 1974); rice, teak Imports: $125 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, other manufac- tured goods Major trade partners: exports ? India, Western Europe, U.K., japan; imports ? Japan, Western Europe, India, U.K. Budget: (FY75) $351 million revenues; $594 million expenditures; $243 million deficit; 30% military, 70% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 6.239 kyat = US$1 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,041 mi.; 1,971 nil. meter gage, 70 mi. narrow-gage industrial lines; 204 mi. double track; government owned Highways: 15,535 mi.; 4,205 mi. paved, 4,775 mi. gravel, 6,555 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,000 mi.; 2,000 mi. navigable by large commercial vessels Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 79 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 38 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. 28 Telecommunications: provide minimum require- ments for local intercity service; international service is fair; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the more populous areas; 29,411 telephones; 627,000 radio, and no TV sets; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations BURUNDI (See reference map VI) LAND 11,000 sq. mi.; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other Land boundaries: 605 mi. PEOPLE Population: 3,823,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (7/70-7/73) Nationality: noun?Burundian(s); adjective? Burundian Ethnic divisions: Africans ? 86% Hutu (Bantu), 13% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); non-Africans include (late 1968) 3,000 Europeans, 1,000 Asians Religion: over 60% Christian (50% Catholic, 10% Protestant); rest mostly animist plus small number of Muslims Language: Kirundi and French official Literacy: about 55% in Kirundi, 10% in Swahili, and 6% in French Labor force: 1,865,471 (1970 est.) Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB), membership about 30,000, affiliated with government party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; military government since November 1966; no constitution; new constitution being drafted Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 BURUNDI/CAMBODIA Capital: Bujumbura Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidential Cabinet with Council of Ministers; no legislature Government leader: President Michel Micombero; re-elected by party for seven-year term in October 1974 Elections: last legislative election May 1965 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a predominantly Tutsi party, was declared sole legitimate party in 1966 Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with The Peoples Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; U.S.S.R. and North Korea have diplomatic missions in Burundi Member of: AFDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WI10, WMO ECONOMY GNP: about $227 million (1972 est.), $60 per capita Agriculture: major cash crops ? coffee, cotton; main food crops ? manioc, yams, corn, sorghums, bananas, haricot beans; not self-sufficient Industries: light consumer goods such as beverages, shoes, soap Electric power: 13,100 kw. capacity (1974); 26 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 7 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $28 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $42 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.S., Belgium, Congo; much trade unrecorded Aid: $17.7 million (1970), includes Belgium $7.4 million, U.N. $3.1 million, EDF $2.9 million; France $2.0 million (1970); U.S. $10 million (FY61-73) Budget: FY75?revenue $37 million, current expenditure $34 million Monetary conversion rate: 78.80 Burundi francs= US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,700 mi.; 338 mi. bituminous, remainder crushed stone, gravel, laterite, and improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges Ports: 1 minor lake Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 12 usable; I with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: telegraph is principal service, limited telephones; 4,800 telephones, 100,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 888,000; 461,000 fit for military service; 43,000 reach military age (16) annually Ships: 3 high speed boats Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $8,556,000; about 23.4% of ordinary budget CAMBODIA THAILAND (See reference reap VII) LAND 70,000 sq. mi.; 16% cultivated, 74% forested, 10% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 1,515 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: about 275 mi. PEOPLE Population: 7,718,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (7/68-7/69) Nationality: noun?Cambodian(s) or Khmer (sing., pl.); adjective?Cambodian or Khmer Ethnic divisions: 89% Khmer (Cambodian), 3% Vietnamese, 5% Chinese, 3% other minorities Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% various other Language: Cambodian 29 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CAMBODIA/CAMEROON Literacy: 55% (est.) GOVERNMENT Type: authoritarian government controlled by the Khmer Communist Party Capital: Phnom Penh Legal system: no post-war data available although system of "people's tribunals- reported Government leader: nominal -head of state- is Prince Sihanouk; Communist leaders exercise real power Political parties and leaders: political life dominated by Khmer Communist Party and panoply of mass front organizations Communists: party strength about 10,000 Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: replaced former government in United Nations General Assembly in October 1975 ECONOMY GNP: $950 million (1971), $140 per capita (1971 prices); considerably lower in 1975 Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops ? rice, rubber, corn; food shortages?rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, textiles Shortages: fossil fuels Electric power: 122,000 kw. capacity (1974); 280,000 kw.-hr. produced (1974), 36 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $15 million est. (f.o.b., 1974); rubber Imports: $210 million est. (f.o.b., 1974); rice, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, transport equipment Major trade partners: exports ? Singapore, 1long Kong, South Vietnam; imports ? U.S., Japan, France; negligible with Communist countries (1973) Budget: (1974) revenues, 23.1 billion riels; expenditures, 84.0 billion rids; deficit, 60.9 billion riels; 62% military, 38% civilian Monetary conversion rate: not announced yet by new Khmer Rouge government Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 380 mi. meter gage; government owned; many sections in disrepair due to hostilities Highways: 8,100 mi.; 1,510 mi. bituminous, 4,370 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 2,220 mi. unimproved earth; some roads not operable because of recent hostilities Inland waterways: 2,300 mi. navigable all year to craft drawing 2 ft.; 175 navigable to craft drawing 6 ft Ports: 2 major, 5 minor Airfields: 60 total, 25 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,776,000; 986,000 fit for military service; 78,000 reach military age (18) annually CAMEROON (See reference reap VII LAND 183,400 sq. mi.; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other Land boundaries: 2,830 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 18 n nii. Coastline: 250 mi. PEOPLE Population: 6,464,000, average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Cameroonian(s); adjective? Cameroonian Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; rest Muslim Language: English and French official, 24 major African language groups Literacy: South 40%, North 10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Cameroon .30 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 CAMEROON/CANADA Type: unitary republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: 7 provinces divided into 39 departments Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative, and judicial Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidjo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: presidential elections held 5 April 1975; parliamentary elections last held 18 May 1973 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroonian National Union (UNC), President Ahmadou Ahidjo Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IM CO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,425 million (1973), per capita about $240; real growth rate about 7% per annum Agriculture: commercial and food crops ? cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: imports 6,137 metric tons, $2.5 million; exports 1,718 metric tons (largely shrimp), $2.7 million (1972) Major industries: small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills Electric power: 304,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 323 kw-hr. per capita Exports: $523 million (f.o.b., 1974); cocoa and coffee about 55%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $477 million (c.i.f., 1974); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages; about 2.2% from Communist countries Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 12% of total trade with U.S. Budget: FY76 budget est. balanced at $500 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs= US$1 as of January 1975 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 623 mi.; 533 mi. meter gage, 90 mi. E11%" gage Highways: approximately 14,000 mi.; including 900 mi. bituminous, 13,100 mi. gravel and earth Inland waterways: 1,300 mi. Ports: 1 major (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 53 total, 52 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 20 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good telephone service between Douala and Yaounde, fair in southern part; fair to good telegraph service; 21,900 telephones; 230,000 radio receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable; microwave radio-relay under construction Yaounde to Fort Foureati; satellite ground station at Yaounde DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,434,000; 711,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 62,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $54,178,204; 10.9% of total budget CANADA Oa reference map LAND 3,850,000 sq. mi.; 4% cultivated, 2% meadows and pastures, 44% forested, 42% waste or urban, 8% inland water Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 31 Approved For Release 2005/04122 : CIA-RDP79-01051 A000800010001-8 CAN ADA Land boundaries: 5,600 mi WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n mi. Coastline: 56,500 mi. PEOPLE Population: 22,963,000, average annual growth rate 1.3% (7/69-7/74) Nationality: noun?Canadian(s); adjective? Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant, 47% Catholic, 5% other Language: English and French official Labor force: 8.4 million; 29% service, 22% manufacturing, 16% trade, 8% transportation and utilities, 6% agriculture, 6% construction, 8% other, 7.2% unemployed Organized labor: 27% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by Governor-General, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leader: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of 5 years, last election July 1974 Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Robert Stanfield; New Democratic, David Lewis; Social Credit, Real Caouette Voting strength (1974 election): Liberal 43% (141 seats), Progressive Conservative 35% (95 seats), New Democratic Party 16% (16 seats), Social Credit 5% (11 seats), other 1%, Independents hold 1 seat Communists: 2,000 Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, I IIRD, ICAO, January 1976 ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, WC, 1110, ILO, 1MCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GNP: $126.6 billion (1974, in 1973 prices), $5,650 per capita (1974); 57% consumption, 20% investment, 23% government (1974); growth rate 4.8% (1970-74); constant prices Agriculture: main products ? livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages ? fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch .8 million metric tons; exports 2 million metric tons (1974) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, textile fibers and yarns, fruits, precision instruments Crude steel: 13.6 million metric tons produced (1974) Electric power: 58,000,000 kw. capacity (1974); 278.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 10,500 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $34,228 million (f.o.b., 1974, U.N. source); principal items ? transportation equipment, wood and wood products, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $34,573 million (c.i.f., 1974, U.N. source); principal items ? transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Major trade partners: 66% U.S., 13% EC, 7% Japan (1974) Aid: economic ? (received) U.S., $204 million (FY49-73), $148 million (FY74), none (FY58-67); gross official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $3,688 million (1960-73), $637 million (1973); military ? U.S., $13.1 million (FY49- 73), none since 1961 Budget: total revenues $30,013 million; current expenditures $28,452 million; gross capital formation $955 million; budget surplus $606 million (1974) (National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning I June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0.98-1.04 in value, 1974 average 1C$= US$1.0225 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March 32 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 CANADA/CAPE VERDE ISLANDS COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 46,351 mi.; 45,513 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage (27 mi. electrified); 727 mi. 3'6" gage (in New- foundland); 111 rni. 3' gage Highways: 518,177 mi.; 396,088 mi surfaced (109,234 mi. paved), 122,089 mi. earth Inland waterways: 1,875 mi. Pipelines: oil, 13,140 mi.; natural gas, 46,425 mi. Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 596 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,764 usable; 263 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways over 12,000 ft., 29 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 276 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 58 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 12.8 million telephones; 22.0 million radiobroadcast receivers; 9.2 million TV receivers; countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 480 TV stations; 8 coaxial submarine cables; 3 satellite earth stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,556,000; 4,777,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (17) annually 230,000 Military budget; proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $2.8 billion; about 10% of proposed central government budget CAPE VERDE ISLANDS CAPE VERDE ISLANDS 14ra ia Atlantic Ocean MAURITANIA SENEGAL GUINEA- BISSAU CT (See reference map IV) LAND 1,560 sq. mi., divided among 10 islands and several islets WATER Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing 12 n mi.) Coastline: 600 mi. PEOPLE Population: 291,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Nationality: adjective?Cape Verdian Ethnic divisions; about 28% African; 70% mulatto; 2% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local supersti- tions Language: Portuguese and crioula, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: 14% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cape Verde Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in July 1975; government being formed; expected to establish union with Guinea-Bissau Capital: Praia Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined Branches: National Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: President of the National Assembly, Abilio Duarte; Prime Minister, Pedro Pires Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencin da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party Communists: none known ECONOMY GDP: $33.5 million (1973 est.), based on 1970 census of 272,000; $123 per capita income Agriculture: main crops?corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Fishing: largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings (4,858 metric tons in 1970) Major industries: salt mining (17,590 tons 1970) Electric power: 5,700 kw. capacity (1974); 6 million kw.-hr. produced (1974); 22 kw.-hr. per capita Exports; $1.6 million (f.o.b., 1971); fish, bananas, salt Imports: $20.3 million (c.i.f., 1971); machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, African neighbors Aid: Portugal, $20 million (1974), for civil service salaries, food, medicines; U.S., $5 million (1975), for food and employment of rural workers Budget: (est. 1974) $32 million expenditures, $12 million revenues Monetary conversion rate: 27 escudos = US$1 (September 1975) Fiscal year: probably calendar year 33 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CAPE VERDE ISLANDS/CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; I seaplane station CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (See reference map VII LAND 242,000 sq. mi.; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-859 grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 3,095 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,806,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (7/67-7/71) Nationality: noun?Central African(s); adjective? Central African Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya- Mandjia (29%) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 27% animist, 5% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Language: French official; Sangho, the lingua franca and unofficial national language Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: about half the population economi- cally active, 80% of whom are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name; Central African Republic Type: republic; constitution abrogated following military coup in January 1966 Capital: Bangui Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subpre- fectu res Legal system: based on French, Islamic, and tribal law; in 1966 the Chief of State assumed all power and abrogated the existing constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Gen. Bokassa heads government and rules by decree; assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; judiciary, including Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts Government leader: President for life Jean-Bedel Bokassa Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: none have been held under Bokassa regime Political parties and leaders: Black African Social Evolution Movement (MESAN), ruling party under former regime, still in existence but plays little role, led by President Jean-Bedel Bokassa Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCA M, Seabeds Committee, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GDP: $266 million (1974), $150 per capita Agriculture: commercial ? cotton, coffee, peanuts, sesame, wood; main food crops ? manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour, rice, beef, and sugar imports Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 16,850 kw. capacity (1974); 50 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 30 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $71 million (f.o.b., 1974), diamonds (43%), coffee, cotton, lumber Imports: $89 million (c.i.f., 1974 est.); textiles, petroleum products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY61-73) $8.3 million; (1972 est. disbursements) EC $6.4 million, IDA $3.9 million, U.S. $2.3 million, U.N. $1.2 million, communist countries (1964-74) $6.8 million Major trade partner: France; preferential tariff applied to EC countries and franc zone; U.S. Budget: 1974 budget estimates ? receipt $65.4 million, current expenditure $71.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs= US$1 as of January 1975 (floating since February 1973) 31 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC/CHAD Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 13,250 mi.; 115 mi. bituminous, 2,265 mi, gravel and/or crushed stone, 3,420 mi. improved earth, 7,450 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 4,400 mi.; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams; the Oubangui River between Bangui and Brazzaville is navigable for about 8 months a year, and short sections of the Sangha and the Lobaye Rivers are navigable throughout year; during high-water period (July - December) Oubangui navigable upstream from Bangui as far as Ouango Ports: Bangui, Ouango (river ports) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 58 total, 48 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 18 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: facilities are meager and provide only barely sufficient services; network is composed of low-capacity, low-powered radiocom- munication stations and radio-relay links; single center of Bangui has only international radio connections; 5,100 telephones; 70,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 457,000; 235,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R. CHAD (See reference map VI) LAND 496,000 sq. mi.; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest and scrub, 46% other uses and waste Land boundaries: 3,720 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,072,000, average annual growth rate 2A% (7/72-7/74) Nationality: noun?Chadian(s); adjective? Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 major ethnic groups ? Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non- Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force: only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chad Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1975 Capital: N' Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitution suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council composed of 9 officers Government leader: President of Supreme Military Council, General Felix Malloum Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: all political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or un- derground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: lightly armed Muslim rebel bands have been opposing the government since October 1965 in east-central and since August 1969 in northern Chad Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Commit- tee, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, W M 0 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 35 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 (HAD/CHILE ECONOMY GDP: $300 million (1971), $85 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate 2.5% (1963-68) Agriculture: commercial ? cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops ? peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, dates, manioc, wheat; imports food Fishing: catch 120,000 metric tons (1971), $14 million; exports $300,000 (1969) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 24,800 kw. capacity (1974); 57 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 15 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $38 million (f.o.b., 1973); cotton 65.7% Imports: $82 million (c.i.f., 1973); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles; $1.3 million from Cornnmnist countries (1967) Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1969) and UDEAC, countries; preferential tariffs to PX: and ranc zone countries Aid: major source France, $469 million, 1961-69; EDF $393 million (1965-70); U.S. (FY62-73) $11.1 million; U.S.S.R. $4.1 million (1968-74); China, $50.1 million, 1971-74; military aid (1954-68) ? $5.4 million, from France $4.1 million, remainder from West Germany and Israel, more than $10 million annually (est.) in French military aid (1969-71) Budget: 1974 ordinary budget?$90 million Monetary conversion rate: 218.75 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs= US$1 as of August 1975 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 19,200 mi.; 160 mi. bituminous, 3,300 mi. gravel and laterite, and 15,740 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 1,300 mi. of year-round navigability, increased to 3,000 mi. during high-water period Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 67 total, 63 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 25 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: fair system of radiocom- munication stations only for intercity links; principal center N'Djamena, secondary center Sarh; 5.100 telephones; 70,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and en > TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 964,000; 495,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about :37,000 16 Supply: dependent on France primarily Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1973, $15,228,000; about 21% of total budget CHILE (See reference map 11/1 LAND 286,000 sq. mi; 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15% permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren mountains, deserts, and cities Land boundaries: 3,930 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n (fishing 200 n. mi.) Coastline: 4,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 10,675,000, average annual growth rate 1.7% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Chilean(s); adjective? Chile- an Ethnic divisions: 95% European stock and mixed European with some Indian admixture, 30/c Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 119 Protestant Language: Spanish Literacy: 89% Labor force: 3.3 million (1973); 19% agricultural, 28% industry and construction, 29% services, 14% commerce, 5% mining, 5% other (1973) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (1973) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chile Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CHILE Type: republic Capital: Santiago Political subdivisions: reorganization of regional structure in progress Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; constitution adopted 1925, amended since then, currently being revised; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President and 4-man Military-Police Junta; bicameral legislature currently dissolved; independent judiciary Government leaders: President, Gen. Augusto Pinochet Ugarte; other Junta members, Adm. Jose Toribio Merino Castro, Gen. Gustavo Leigh Guzman, Gen. Cezar Mendoza Duran Suffrage: universal (except enlisted military and police) and compulsory at age 18 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Party (PDC), Patricio Aylwin and Eduardo Frei; National Party (PN), Sergio Onofre Jarpa; PDC and PN are officially in -recess"; Popular Unity coalition parties (outlawed) ? Communist Party (PCCh), Luis Corvalan (in prison); Socialist Party (PS), Clodomiro Almeyda and Carlos Altamirano (both in exile); Radical Party (PR); Christian Left (IC); United Popular Action Movement (MAPU); Independent Popular Action (API) Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 Congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confederation (PDC and PN) Communists: 200,000 Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations; landowners' associa- tions (SNA ? Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura); extreme leftist, Movement of Revolutionary Left (MIR), outlawed; rightist, Patria y Libertad (PyL), outlawed Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $8.11 billion (1974, in 1973 prices), $840 per capita; 68% private consumption, 16% government consumption; 19% gross investment, ?3% net imports and factor payments abroad (1972 est.); real growth rate, 1970-74 average annual increase 2.8% Agriculture: main crops ? wheat, other cereals, potatoes; about 65% self-sufficient; 2,650 calories per day per capita (1971 est.) Fishing: catch 664,000 metric tons (1973); exports $20.3 million, imports $2.1 million (1972) Major industries: copper, nitrates, foodstuffs, fish processing, textiles and apparel, iron and steel, pulp and paper Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1967); 596,000 metric tons produced (1974), 61 kg. per capita Electric power: 2,500,000 kw. capacity (1974); 9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 900 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974 est.); copper, iron ore, nitrates, and iodine Imports: $2.2 billion (c.i.f., 1974 est.); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: exports ? EC 44%, Japan 14%, U.S. 8%, LAFTA 11%; imports ? EC 28%, U.S. 16%, Japan 3%, LAFTA 18% (1972) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73) ? $1,488.5 million ($1,265 million loans, $224 million grants); from international organizations (FY46-73) ? $600 million (of which IBRD $2.33 million, IDB $273 million); from other Western countries (1960-66) ? $170.6 million; from Communist countries (1967-74) ? $447.7 million; military (FY53-73) ? from U.S., $48 million in loans, $137 million in grants Budget: $1.9 billion revenues, $2.7 billion expenditures (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 6.70 pesos= US$1 (October 1975), changes frequently Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,511 mi.; 2,086 mi. 5'6" gage, 154 mi. 4'81/2." gage, 2,644 mi. 3'3%" gage, 69 mi. 2'6" gage, 22 mi. 1'11%" gage, 536 mi. specific gage not given; 199 mi. double track; 711 mi. electrified Highways: 39,600 mi.; 5,500 mi. paved, 19,800 mi. gravel, 14,300 mi. improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 451 mi. Pipelines: crude oil, 470 mi.; refined products, 490 mi.; natural gas, 200 mi. Ports: 10 major, 20 minor Civil air: 41 major transport aircraft Airfields: 361 total, 361 usable; 43 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 55 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive radio relay network; telephone network modern, 465,000 37 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CHILE/ CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF instruments; communications satellite ground station; 2.75 million radio and 1 million TV receivers; 153 AM, 30 FM, and 55 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,508,000; 1,892,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 94,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, US$353.5 million; about 18.7% of central government budget CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF South China Saa / (See reference map VIII LAND 3.7 million sq. mi.; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water Land boundaries: 15,000 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 9,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 953,107,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun?Chinese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Chinese Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Pu-I, Korean, and numerous lesser nationalities Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic, not seriously religious; most important elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2%-3% Muslim, 1% Christian IS Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; also Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above) Literacy: at least 25% Labor force: 335 million (mid-1966); 85% agriculture, 15% other; shortage of skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authority lies with Communist party's political bureau; the National People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, in reality merely rubber stamps the party's programs; the State Council is the actual governing organism Capital: Peking Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court although legal activity centered in parallel network of Public Security organs; laws and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution, but gradually being revived Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commis- sions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's Congress; this system broke down under -Cultural Revolution" pressures but has been reconsolidated and streamlined to 29 ministries Government leader: Premier of State Council, Chou En-lai; government subordinate to central committee of CCP, under Chairman Mao Tse-tung Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is academic Elections: no meaningful elections Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by Mao Tse-tung; Mao is Chairman of Central Committee; a new central committee was formed at the 10th Party Congress held in August 1973 Voting strength: 100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity permitted Communists: about 28 million party members in 1973 Other political or pressure groups: army (PLA) remains a major force, although many soldiers who Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF/CHINA, REPUBLIC OF acquired a wide range of civil political-administrative duties during the Cultural Revolution have been removed; many veteran civilian officials, in eclipse since the Cultural Revolution, have been reinstated; mass organizations, such as the trade unions and the youth league, have been rebuilt in the provinces; plans are underway to rebuild the national organizations Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, 1MCO, IMF, ITU, Red Cross, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, other international bodies ECONOMY GNP: $223 billion (1974), $240 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? rice, wheat, miscellane- ous grains, cotton; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1974); agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 7.0 million tons in 1974 Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians Crude steel: 23.8 million metric tons produced, 26 kilograms per capita (1974) Exports: $6.5 billion (f.o.b., 1974); agricultural products, minerals and metals, manufactured goods Imports: $7.5 billion (c.i.f., 1974); grain, chemical fertilizer, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment Major trade partners: Japan, U.S., Hong Kong, West Germany, Singapore/Malaysia, Canada, Australia, France, U.K., U.S.S.R. (1974) Monetary conversion rate: about 2 yuan = US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Airfields: 382 total; 243 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways over 12,000 ft., 78 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 212 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations CHINA, REPUBLIC OF LAND 14,000 sq. mi. (Taiwan and Pescadores); 24% cultivated, 6% pasture, 55% forested, 15% other (urban, industrial, denuded, water area) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 615 mi. Taiwan, 285 mi. offshore islands Taipei REPUBLIC OF CHINA (See reference map VII) PEOPLE Population: 15,982,000 (excluding the population of Quemoy and Matsu Islands and foreigners), average annual growth rate 1.8% (1/74-1/75) Nationality: noun?Chinese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Chinese Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigines Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhism, Confucian- ism, and Taoism; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other Language: Chinese Mandarin (official language), also Taiwanese and Hakka dialect Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 4.9 million; 33% primary industry (agriculture), 32.1% secondary industry (including manufacturing, mining, construction), 34.9% tertiary industry (including commerce and services) 1972 Organized labor: about 12% of 1972 labor force (government controlled) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of China Type: republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Taipei Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 4 cities, 1 special municipality (Taipei) Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1947, amended 1960 to permit Chiang Kai-shek to be reelected, and amended 1972 to permit President to restructure certain government organs; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: 5 independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional Chinese functions of examination and control), dominated by executive branch; President and Vice President elected by National Assembly Government leaders: President Yen Chia-kan; Premier Chiang Ching-kuo 39 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1979 CHINA, REPUBLIC OF/COLOMBIA Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: national level ? legislative yuan every 3 years but no general election held since 1948 election on mainland (partial election for Taiwan province representatives December 1969 and December 1972, next elections due December 197.5); local level ? provincial assembly, county and municipal executives every 4 years: county and municipal assemblies every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo, has no real opposition; 2 insignificant parties are Democratic Socialist Party, Young China Party Voting strength (1972 provincial assembly election): .58 seats Kuomintang, 13 seats in- dependents Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: expelled from ( f. N. General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 arid withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; attempting to retain membership in international financial institutions ECONOMY GNP: $10.3 billion (1974. in 1973 prices), $660.per capita; real growth, ?9.4% (1970-74 average) Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed ? 60% cultivated land under irrigation:, main crops ? rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, citrus fruits; food shortages ? wheat, corn, soybeans Fishing: catch 697,425 metric tons (1974) Major industries: textiles, clothing, chemicals, plywood, electronics, sugar milling, food processing, cement, ship building Electric power: 4,450,000 kw. capacity (1974); 21 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974); 1,365 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $5,623 million (f.o.b., 1974); textiles 26%., electrical machinery 177, plywood and wood products 6%, machinery and metal products 7%, plastics 6%, sugar 5% Imports: $6,988 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery 16%, electrical machinery 107. basic metals 12%, crude oil 10%, chemical produils 9% Major trade partners: exports-37% U.S., 15% Japan; imports-32% Japan, 24% U.S. (1974) Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY53-74) $3.1 billion committed; 1BRD (1964-74) $311 million committed; Japan (196.5-73) $247 million committed; ADB (1968- 74) $93 million committed: military?U.S. (FY49-74) $3.5 billion committed Budget: $2.3 billion (FY76) Monetary conversion rate: NT$38 (New Tai- wan)= IJS$1 Fiscal year: I July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Pipelines: 382 mi. refined products, 60 mi. natural gas Airfields: 37 total, 37 usable; 27 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 10 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 742,304 telephones; est. 3 million radio receivers; 1.3 million TV receivers; I 1 1 AM, 4 FM broadcast stations; 3 TV systems; 2 satellite ground stations; radio relay links to Hong Kong and the Philippines; new inter-island submarine cables; Manila submarine cable planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 1.5-49, 3,980,000: 3,110,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (19) annually 192,000 COLOMBIA Pacific Ocean (See reference map III) LAND 440,000 sq. mi.; settled area 28% consisting of cropland arid fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%, urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72% ? mostly forest and savannah Land boundaries: 3,750 mi WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. Coastline: 1,500 mi. PEOPLE Population: 22,549,000, average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Colombian(s); adjective? Colombian Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 COLOMBIA Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of population over 15 years old Labor force: 5.6 million (1966); 47% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 18% services, 9% commerce, 13% other (1964) Organized labor: 13% of labor force (1968) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Colombia Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: Bogota Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 4 territorial districts, 4 special districts, 1 federal district Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Alfonso Lopez M ichelson Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: every fourth year; last presidential and congressional elections April 1974; municipal and departmental elections, April 1972 Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, President Alfonso Lopez Michelsen; Conservative Party, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado; National Popular Alliance (ANAPO), Maria Eugenia Rojas de Moreno Voting strength: 1974 presidential election ? Alfonso Lopez Michelsen 55%, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado 32%, Maria Eujenia Rojas de Moreno 9.5%; 1974 congressional election ? Senate: Liberal Party 59%, Combined Conservative Party 34%, ANAPO 6.2%; Chamber of Deputies: Liberal Party 56%, Combined Conservative Party 31%, ANAPO 9.5%; abstention by approximately 50% of eligible voters Communists: 10,000-12,000 members est. Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCC), Gilberto Vieira White; PCC/ML, Chinese Line Communist Party, led by Pedro Lupo Leon Arboleda Roldan Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, 1110, ILO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $10.52 billion, est. (1974, in 1973 prices), $420 per capita; 73% private consumption, 8% public consumption, 20% gross investment (1973); real growth rate 1974, 5.6%.; average real growth rate, 1971-74, 6.3% Agriculture: main crops ? coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, plantains, bananas, cotton, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 91,200 metric tons 1972; exports $4.7 million (1969), imports $5.9 million (1969) Major industries: textiles, food processing, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, and metal products Crude steel: 0.39 million metric tons production (1972), 17 kilograms per capita Electric power: 3,200,000 kw. capacity (1974); 11.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 480 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1974 est.); coffee, petroleum, cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cattle and hides Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1974 est.); transporta- tion equipment, machinery, industrial metals and raw materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper products, foodstuffs and beverages Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 36%, Germany 16%, Spain 7%; imports ? U.S. 40%, Germany 10%, Japan 8%, Spain 4% (1973) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $1,296 million loans, $270 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $1.6 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $77.6 million; from Communist countries (1968-74) $24.5 million ($2.7 million drawn) military ? assistance from U.S. (FY46-73) ? $142 million Budget: (1974) revenues $860 million; expenditures $960 million Monetary conversion rate: 30.361 pesos = US$1 (April 1975, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,160 mi., all 3'0" gage, single track, 22 mi. electrified Highways: 32,700 mi.; 4,500 mi. paved, 23,200 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 5,000 mi. improved earth Inland waterways: 8,900 mi., navigable by river boats Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 mi.; refined products, 830 mi.; natural gas, 370 mi.; natural gas liquids 80 mi. Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Civil air: 105 major transport aircraft Airfields: 714 total, 700 usable; 44 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft.; 6 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 86 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane stations 41 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 COLOMBIA/ COMORO ISLANDS Telecommunications: nationwide radio-relay telecom system; communications satellite ground station; 1.22 million telephones; 6.5 million radio and 1.4 million TV receivers; 325 AM, 130 FM, and 55 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,869,000; 3,710,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 248,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $115.5 million; about 8.9% of central government budget COMORO ISLANDS (See reference map VI) LAND 838 sq. mi.; 4 main islands, forests 16%, pasture cultivable area 48%, non-cultivable area 29% WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi Coastline: 211 mi. PEOPLE Population: 310,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: n o u n?Comora n(s ); adjective? moran Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Malay, Negroid Religion: predominantly Islamic Language: French, Arabic, Swahili Literacy: presumably low Labor Force: mainly agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Comoro Islands Type: three of the four islands comprise a de facto independent republic, following local government's unilateral declaration of independence from France in tidy 1975; other island disallowed declaration and its status is undecided; France supports independence in principle and is negotiating with Comoran government on legal transfer of sovereignty Capital: Moroni Political subdivisions: 3 prefectures, 3 district councils Legal system: French and Muslim law Branches: supreme authority exercised by 11- member National Executive Council Government leader: Said Mohamed Jaffar, President of National Executive Council Suffrage: universal adult Elections: at discretion of Council of Ministers, on advice of President; must be held before expiration of 5-year electoral mandate Political parties and leaders: Comoran Demo- cratic Union, Mohammed Dahlani; Democratic Assembly of Comoros People, Said Mohamed Jaffar; Comoros Socialist Party; Umma, Prince Said Ibrahim; Mahorais Movement, Marcel Henry Voting strength: in elections for Chamber of Deputies in 1972, independence coalition of CDU and DAC I' won 34 seats, Mahorais Movement won 5 Communists: information not available Member of: OAU ECONOMY GDP: about $25 million (1968); $100 per capita; growth probably negligible through 1974 Agriculture: food crops ? rice, manioc, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; export crops ? essential oils for perfumes (mainly ylang-ylang), vanilla, copra, sisal Exports: $6.0 million (1972); perfume oils, vanilla, copra, sisal Imports: $11.3 million (1972); foodstuffs, cement, fuels, chemicals, textiles Major trade partners: France, Malagasy Republic, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania and U.S. Electric power: 1,000 kw. capacity (1974); 3.2 million kw.-hr, produced (1974); 11 kw.-hr. per capita Aid: French aid in 1971 was about $2.7 million, or about 50% of the islands entire budget Budget: 1972?revenues $7.6 million, current expenditures $6.2 million, investment expenditures $0.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs= US$1 as of January 1975 (floating since February 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 621 mi.; approximately 183 mi. bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel Ports: 1 minor (Moroni on Grande Comore) Civil air: 7 major transports (registered in France) 12 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1970 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 COMORO ISLANDS/CONGO Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 5 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000 to 11,999 feet, 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: minimal system of HE radiocommunication stations for interisland island and external communications to Malagasy and Reunion; Dzaoudzi center but of slight significance; 1,300 telephones; 35,500 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (See reference men VI) LAND 135,000 sq. mi.; 63% dense forest or woodland, 33% cultivable or grazing (2% cultivated est.), 4% urban or waste Land boundaries: 2,805 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 n. mi. Coastline: 105 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,364,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun?Congolese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Congolese or Congo Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1% Muslim Language: French official, many African lan- guages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used Literacy: about 20% Labor force: about 40% of population economi- cally active, most engaged in subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968 Capital: Brazzaville Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1963 and 1969 Branches: President, Prime Minister, Council of State; National Assembly; judiciary presumably still functions according to provisions of 1963 constitution; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee and Politburo Government leaders: President, Major Marien Ngouabi; Prime Minister Henri Lopes Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: last legislative elections June 1973 Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party; president, Marien Ngouabi Communists: unknown number of Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC) Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, UDEAC, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WI10, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $277 million (1970 est.), $310 per capita, real growth rate about 4% per year Agriculture: cash crops ? sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, tobacco; food crops ? root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish Fishing: catch 21,000 metric tons, $5.6 million (1972) Major industries: sawmills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap Electric power: 42,000 kw. capacity (1974); 120 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 90 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $62 million (f.o.b., 1973); lumber, sugar, tobacco, veneer, and plywood Imports: $85 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery, transport equipment, manufactured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, petroleum products Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 43 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 CONGO/COOK ISLANDS Major trade partners i France and other EC countries on preferential basis Budget: 1973?revenue $82 million, expenditure $104 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs = 118$1 as of January 1975 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 490 mi., 3'6" gage, single track Highways: 6,741 rot; 380 mt bituminous surface treated; remainder gravel, laterite, or improved earth Inland waterways: 4,030 mi. navigable Ports: 1 major (Pointe Noire) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 71 total, 53 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 18 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: services adequate for government and public; network is comprised of low- capacity, low-powered radio communication stations, coaxial cables and wire lines, connect key centers of Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Dolisie with maximum of 21 channels; 10,200 telephones; 75,000 radio receivers; 2,600 TV receivers; 3 A M, no FM, and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 324,000; 162,000 fit for military service; about 13,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $37,331,882; about 10.8% of total budget COOK ISLANDS LAND About 93 sq. mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. Coastline: about 75 mi. PEOPLE Population: 19,000, official estimate for 30 June 1974 Nationality: noun?Cook Islander(s); adjective? Cook Islander Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7,7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cook Islands U1NEA HA January 1976 Pacific Ocean FIJI ISLANDS Pacific Ocean NEW ZEALAND COOK ISLANDS ? , (See reference meg vile Type: self-governing in -free association- with New Zealand; Cook Islands government fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands government Capital: Rarotonga Branches: New Zealand Governor General appoints High Commissioner of Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand government; High Commissioner appoints the Premier; Legislative Assembly of 22 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by High Commissioner, an advisory body only Government leader: Premier Albert Henry Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 4 years, latest in December 1974 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Sir Albert Henry; Democratic Party, Dr. Thomas Davis Voting strength (1974): Cook Islands Party, 14 seats; Democratic Party, 8 seats ECONOMY GDP: $400 per capita (1973) Agriculture: export crops include copra, citrus fruits, pineapple, tomatoes, and bananas, with subsistence crops of yams and taro Industry: fruit processing Electric power: 2,800 kw. capacity (1974); 8 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 381 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.7 million (1971); fruit juice, clothing, citrus fruits Imports: $5.8 million (1971) Major trade partners: (1970) exports ? 98% New Zealand, imports ? 76% New Zealand, 7% Japan Monetary conversion rate: I N73=1_1881.3535 (February 1975) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none 44 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 COOK ISLANDS/COSTA RICA Highways: 162 mi.: 12 mi. paved, 68 mi. gravel, 52 mi. improved earth, 30 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total; 1 with composite surface runway 7,240 ft., 3 with natural surface runways 4,000-7,900 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: 3 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 7,000 radio receivers, and 740 telephones; microwave relay station provides connection with New Zealand COSTA RICA (See reference map II) LAND 19,700 sq. mi.; 30% agricultural land (8% cultivated, 22% meadows and pasture), 60% forested, 10% waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 415 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing 200 n. mi.; specialized competence over living resources to 200 n. ml.) Coastline: 800 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,997,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Costa Rican(s); adjective? Costa Rican Ethnic divisions: 98% white (including mestizo), 2% Negro Religion-t 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: about 85% Labor force: 585,000 (1973); 36% agriculture; 12% manufacturing; 11% commerce; 6% construction; 5% transportation, utilities; 20% service (government, education, social); 2% finance; 8% other Organized labor: about 11.5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Costa Rica Type: unitary republic Capital: San Jose Political subdivisions: 7 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by legislature Government leader: President Daniel Oduber Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: every 4 years; next, February 1978 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PIN), Daniel Oduber, Jose Figueres; National Unification (UN), Francisco Calderon Guardia; National Independent Party (PNI), Jorge Gonzalez Marten; Democratic Reno-vation Party (PRD), Rodrigo Carazo; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jorge Monge Zamora; Socialist Action Party (PASO) (Communist front), Marcial Aguiluz; Popular Vanguard Party (PVP, Communist, illegal), Manuel Mora Voting strength (1974 election): National Unification (coalition of PUN, PR, and PURA), 30.4% ? 16 seats; PLN, 43.5% ?27 seats; PNI, 11% ?6 seats; PRD, 9% ?3 seats; PASO, 2.3% ?2 seats Communists: 3,200 members, 10,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD), General Confederation of Workers (CGT), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Development (AN FE) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAS, ODECA, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.5 billion (1974, in current prices), $770 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 4%; average growth 1969-73, 6.4% Agriculture: main products ? bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products; caloric intake, 2,610 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 8,900 metric tons, $2.5 million (1972); exports, $1.8 million (1970), imports $0.5 million (1970) 45 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 COSTA RICA/CUBA Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer Electric power: 321,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.4 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 720 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $441 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao Imports: $716 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-33% U.S., 25% CACM, 13% West Germany; imports-35% U.S., 20% CACM, 7% West Germany, 9% Japan (1973) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $122 million loans, $101 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $203 million; From other Western countries (1960-71), $7.7 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY60-73) $1.9 million; Communist?$15 million (economic) from U.S.S.R. (1971) Monetary conversion rate: 8.54 colones =US$1 (official buying rate); 8.60 colones =US$1 (official selling rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 407 mi.; 395 mi. 3'6" gage, 12 mi. 3'0" gage, all single track, 72 mi. electrified Highways: 14,300 mi.; 1,000 mi. paved, 4,100 mi. otherwise improved, 9,200 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 455 mi. perennially navigable Pipelines: refined products, 80 mi. Ports: 3 major (Limon, Golfito, Puntarenas), 4 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 151 total, 149 usable; 19 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good domestic telephone service; 99,100 telephones; connection into Central American microwave net; 350,000 radio and 175,000 TV receivers; 45 AM, 10 FM, and 11 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 426,000; 280,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 24,000 Supply: dependent on imports from U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1973, $5.2 million for Ministry of Public Security, including the Civil Guard; about 2.3% of total central government budget 46 CUBA (See reference !nap II) LAND 44,200 sq. mi.; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi Coastline: 2,320 mi PEOPLE Population: 9,337,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (current) Nationality: noun?Cuban(s); adjective?Cuban Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power Language: Spanish Literacy: about 96% Labor force: 2.36 million; 34% agriculture, 17% industry, 6% construction, 6% transportation, 29% services, 8% unemployed and underemployed Organized labor: 46% of total force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cuba Type: Communist state Capital: Havana Political subdivisions: the current system of 6 provinces, 59 regions, and 416 municipalities is being reorganized, and, in March 1976, a new system consisting of 14 provinces and from 170 to 180 municipalities will be adopted Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced Constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CUBA/CYPRUS Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum to take place immediately after the Congress; positions of the new constitution will be put into effect on February 24, 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution will become effective on December 2, 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; no legislature (Popular Assemblies will be formed at the provincial and municipal levels in October 1976 and at the national level on December 2, 1976?the Popular Assemblies will have legislative authority at their respective levels); controlled judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Fidel Castro Ruz Suffrage: under the new constitution to be adopted in 1976, suffrage will be universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: election of delegates to the Popular Assemblies will be held in late summer 1976 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz Communists: approx. 200,000 party members Member of: CEMA, ECLA, FAO, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), ICAO, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, International Sugar Council, International Wheat Agreement, ITU, OAS (nonparticipant), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $6.1 billion (1974 est., in 1974 prices), $670 per capita; 60% private consumption, 20% public consumption, 20% gross investment; real growth rate 1974, 5% Agriculture: main crops ? sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits Fishing: catch 163,000 metric tons (1974); exports $50 million (1974), imports $13.1 million (1972) Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods Crude steel: 0.35 million metric tons capacity (planned); 220,600 metric tons produced (1973); 20 kg. per capita Electric power: 1,216,000 kw. capacity (1974); 5.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 650 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $2,745 million (f.o.b., 1974 est.); sugar, nickel, tobacco Imports: $2,450 million (c.i.f., 1974 est.); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? U. S. S. R. 34 % , China 5%, other Communist countries 15%, Japan 16%; imports?U.S.S.R. 48%, China 7%, other Communist countries 10% (1974 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso= US$1,21 (nominal) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9,150 mi. government owned; 3,150 mi. common carrier lines (8 mi. double track and 95 mi. electrified) and about 6,000 mi. plantation- industrial lines; common carrier lines comprise 3,100 mi. 4'8?' standard gage, and about 50 mi. 3'0" and 2'6" narrow gage; plantation-industrial lines comprise about 4,000 mi. standard gage and 2,000 mi. narrow gage Highways: 12,800 mi.; 5,400 mi, paved, 7,400 mi. gravel and earth surfaced Inland waterways: 150 mi. Pipelines: natural gas, 50 mi. Ports: 8 major (including U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo), 44 minor; Guantanamo under U.S. control Civil air: 32 major transport aircraft Airfields: 194 total, 182 usable; 44 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 8 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 28 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern facilities adequately serve military and most civil needs; excellent international facilities, satellite ground station; 360,000 telephones; 2.0 million radio and 600,000 TV receivers; 100 AM, 25 FM, and 16 TV stations; 6 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1966 (last announced budget), $213 million; about 7.8% of total budget CYPRUS LAND 3,572 sq. mi.; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 400 mi. (approx.) 47 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CYPRUS (See reference map V) PEOPLE Population: 652,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Cypriot(s); adjective?Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Masonite Armenian Apostolic and other Language: Greek, Turkish, English Literacy: about 82% of population 7 years or older Labor-force: 267,000 (1970 est.), 38% agriculture, 23% industry, 9% commerce, 2% mining, 28% other; 3,130 registered unemployed (December 1968) Organized labor: 24% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cyprus Type: republic since August 1960; separate de facto Greek Cypriot, and Turkish Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974; negotiations, which have been going on since January 1975, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government with substantial autonomy for each of the two communities Capital: Nicosia Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been going on intermittently Branches: currently a rump government consisting basically of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court Government leaders: President, Archbishop Makarios III (Greek); Vice President, Rauf Denktash (Turk) 48 Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: held every 5 years; 1965 elections suspended; 1968 elections only for President and Vice President; 1970 parliamentary elections demonstrate notable increase in voting strength of Communist Party (AKEL); 1973 elections only for President and Vice President Political parties and leaders: Reform Party of the Working People (AKEL) (Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannoti, Unified Party (UP), Glafkos Clerides; Progressive Movement (PM) (pro-Makarios), Andreas Azinas; Democratic National Party (DEK), Takis Evdokas; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; Turkish National Union Party (TNUP), Rauf Denktash; Populist Party, Alpet Othon Voting strength: (1968 presidential and vice presidential elections) Greek Cypriot President Makarios 90%; Turkish Cypriot Vice President Fazil Kucuk unopposed; (1970 parliamentary elections) 40% of Greek Cypriot vote for Reform Party of the Working People, 24% of the Greek Cypriot vote for the Unified Party, 16% of the Greek Cypriot vote for the Progressive Movement, 9% of the Greek Cypriot vote for the Democratic National Party as well as 9% for the United Democratic Union of the Center, 2% of the Greek Cypriot vote for independents; 76% of the Greek Cypriot electorate voted; 80% of the Turkish Cypriot community voted and overwhelmingly elected 15 of Rauf Denktashs supporters to the Turk Cypriot House contingent in a separate election; 1973 elections ? Makarios unopposed and Rauf Denktash unopposed Communists: 12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000 Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON) (Com- munist-controlled); Pan Cyprian Confederation of Labor (PEO) (Communist-controlled); Cyprus Confederation of Labor (SEK) (pro-West); Cyprus Turkish Federation of Trade Unions (KTB1F) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $871.0 million (1974), $1,300 per capita; 1974 real growth rate 2.0% Agriculture: main crops ? vine products, citrus, potatoes, other vegetables; food shortages ? grain, dairy products, meat, fish; caloric intake, 2,460 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Major industries: mining (cupreous and iron pyrites, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption ? food, beverages, footwear Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CYPRUS/CZECHOSLOVAKIA Shortages: water, petroleum Electric power: 204,000 kw. capacity (1974); 830 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 985 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $160 million (f.o.b., 1974?converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound =US$2.85); principal items ? copper, pyrites, citrus, raisins, and other agricultural products Imports: $400 million (c.i.f., 1974?converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound = US$2.85); principal items ? manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, foods Major trade partners: (1973) imports ? U.K. 25%, West Germany 9%, Italy 8%, France 7%, U.S. 7%; exports ? U.K. 42%, West Germany 7%, Nether- lands 4%, U.S.S.R. 4% Aid: economic ? U.S., $32.5 million authorized FY46-73; IBRD, $56.1 million (FY46-73); U.N. Technical Assistance, $1.7 million (FY46-72); U.N. Special Fund, $9,9 million (FY46-72) Budget: 1974?revenues $137 million, expenditures $263 million, deficit $126 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound= US$2.61 (December 1971 through January 1973), 1 Cyprus pound =US$2.823 (trade conversion factor as of May 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year NOTE: 1974 GNP, import, export, and budget figures are Government of Cyprus figures which include 100% of island until August 1974 and 60% of island thereafter; the Turkish sector of island for last 4 months of 1974 is part of Turkish mainland economy COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,000 mi.; 2,100 mi. bituminous surface treated; 2,900 mi. gravel, crushed stone, and earth Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 10 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft.; 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: moderately good telecom- munication system; 63,000 telephones; 205,600 radio receivers; 85,400 TV receivers; 12 AM, 5 FM, and 4 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $18.5 million about 13.1% of central government budget CZECHOSLOVAKIA (See reference map IV) LAND 49,400 sq. mi.; 42% arable, 14% other agricultural, 35% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 2,200 mi. PEOPLE Population: 14,866,000, average annual growth rate 0,8% (current) Nationality: noun?Czechoslovak(s); adjective? Czechoslovak Ethnic divisions: 64.3% Czechs, 30.0% Slovaks, 4.0% Magyars, 0.6% Germans, 0.5% Poles, 0.4% Ukrainians, 0.2% others (Jews, Gypsies) Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox, 1% other Language: Czech, Slovak, Hungarian Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 7.1 million; 18% agriculture, 37% industry, 11% services, 34% construction, com- munications and others GOVERNMENT Legal name: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Prague Political subdivisions: 2 ostensibly separate and autonomous republics (Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands, three regions in Slovakia; national capitals of Prague and Bratislava have regional status Legal system: civil law system based on Austrian- Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960, amended in 1968 and 1970; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Karlova University School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive ? President (elected by Federal Assembly), cabinet (appointed by President); 49 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 CZECHOSLOVAKIA/DAHOMEY legislative ? Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary ? Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental structure dominated by Communist Party Government leaders: President Gustav Husak (elected May 1975), Premier Lubornir Strougal Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: governmental bodies every 5 years (last election, November 1971); President every 5 years (Husak was elected to replace the incapacitated President Ludvik Svoboda who did not complete his second five year term) Dominant political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustav Husak, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of -provincial KSC organization" Voting strength (1971 election): 99.81% Com- munist-sponsored single slate Communists: 1.35 million party members Other political groups: puppet parties ? Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Freedom Party, Slovak Revival Party Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, WC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw l'act, WETU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $43.6 billion in 1974 (at 1973 prices), $2,970 per capita; 1974 real growth rate 4.6% Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops ? wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar beets; net food importer ? meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967) Major industries: machinery, food processing, metallurgy, textiles, chemicals Shortages: ores, crude oil Crude steel: 13.6 million metric tons produced (1974), 930 kg. per capita Electric power: 12,796,000 kw. capacity (1974); 56 billion kw.-hr, produced (1974), 3,800 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $7,033 million (f.o.b., 1974); 50% machinery, equipment; 28% fuels, raw materials; 4% foods, food products, and live animals; 18% consumer goods, excluding foods (1973) Imports: $7,504 million (f.o.b., 1974); 37% machinery, equipment; 43% fuels, raw materials; 13% foods, food products, and live animals; 7% consumer goods, excluding foods (1973) Monetary conversion rate: noncommercial 9.27 crowns = US$1, commercial 5.43 crowns= US$1 (average through July 1975) 50 Fiscal year: calendar year Note: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 580 crowns= US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,255 mi.; 8,075 mi. standard gage, 70 mi. broad gage, 110 mi. narrow gage; 1,741 mi. double track; 1,742 mi. electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 45,613 mi.; 863 mi. concrete; 34,500 mi. bituminous; 1,800 mi. cobblestone, brick sett, stone block; 8,450 mi. crushed stone, gravel, improved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 517 mi. (1975) Pipelines: crude oil, 900 mi.; refined products, 535 mi.; natural gas, 3,200 mi. Freight carried: rail-294.3 million short tons, 44.5 billion short ton/mi. (1974); highway-1,050.5 million short tons, 9.3 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway-5.4 million short tons, 1.9 billion short ton/mi. (excl. intl, transit traffic) (1974) Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka, Yugoslavia; hamburg, West Germany; Rostock, East Germany; principal river ports are Prague, Melnik, Usti nad Labem, Decin, Komarno, Bratislava (1975) Civil air: 58 major transport aircraft (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, est. 19.3 billion crowns, about 7% of total budget DAHOMEY (See reference map VI) On November 30, 1975, President Kerekou announced that Dahomey would henceforth be known as Benin. The long-form name of the State is the Peoples Republic of Benin. Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 DAHOMEY LAND 44,700 sq. mi.; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% Land boundaries: 1,220 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (100 n. mi. mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 75 mi. PEOPLE Population: 3,148,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (8/72-8/74) Nationality: noun?Dahomean(s); adjective? Dahomean Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south, at least 6 major tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Benin Type: republic, under military rule since 26 October 1972 Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive and legislative power vested in 13-man military revolutionary government headed by a president Government leader: Lt. Col. Mathieu Kerekou, President and chief of government, charged with national defense, planning, coordination of external aid, information, and national orientation Suffrage: universal for adults whenever elections or referendums are held Elections: current government has held no elections and none are scheduled Political parties: none Communists: no Communist party; some sympa- thizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $349 million (1974), $111 per capita; real growth rate, 4.6% per annum (1967-71) Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops ? corn, cassava, yams, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 32,900 metric tons (1971); exports 122.2 metric tons, imports 4,000 metric tons Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,310 kw. capacity (1974); 50 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 16 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: about $43 million (f.o.b., 1974); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $126 million (c.i.f., 1974); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machinery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic (through FY73) ? EC, $4.5 million; U.N., $8.9 million; West Germany, $1 million; Taiwan, $1 million; U.S. (FY59-73), $14.7 million; China, $44 million extended (1972) Budget: 1974 est. ? receipts $48 million, expenditures $52.2 Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs= US$1 as of January 1975 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 360 mi., all meter gage (3'3%") Highways: 4,300 mi.; 547 mi. paved, 2,665 mi. gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved Inland waterways: 400 mi. navigable Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 8,325 telephones; 54,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 718,000; 359,000 fit for military service; about 30,000 males and 29,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service Supply: dependent on France and Guinea Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $6,664,300; about 11.4% of total budget Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 51 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 DENMARK DENMARK (See reference map IV) LAND 16,600 sq. mi. (exclusive of Greenland and Faeroe Islands); 64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 42 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 2,100 mi. PEOPLE Population: 5,075,000, average annual growth rate 0.4% (current) Nationality: noun?Dane(s); adjective?Danish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.5 million; 9.5% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 26.6% manufacturing, 8.3% construction, 15.7% commerce, 6.8% transportation, 5.6% services, 25.7% government, 1.8% other; 6.3% of registered labor force unemployed (September 1974) Organized labor: 65% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Denmark Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations 52 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minister, Anker Jorgensen Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 9 January 1975) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Moderate Liberal, Poul Hartling; Conservative, Poul Schluter; Radical Liberal, Hilmar Baunsgaard; Socialist Peoples, Gert Petersen; Communist, Knud Jespersen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilhjelm and Steen Folke; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Progressive, Mogens Glistrup; Christian People's, Jens Miller; Justice, Ib Christensen Voting strength (1975 election): 30.0% Social Democratic, 23.3% Moderate Liberals, 13.6% Progressive, 7.1% Radical Liberal, 5.5% Conservative, 5.3% Christian Peoples, 4.9% Socialist Peoples, 4.2% Communist, 2.2% Center Democratic, 3.9% other Communists: 7,500-8,000; a number of sympa- thizers, as indicated by 110,809 Communist votes cast in 1973 elections Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO (observer), EMA, ESRD, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $27.3 billion (1974), $5,410 per capita; 54% private consumption, 26% investment, 20% govern- ment; 1974 growth rate 1.5%, constant prices Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops ? cereals, root crops; food shortages ? oilseeds, grain, feedstuffs; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Fishing: catch 1.44 million metric tons valued at $211 million, exports $391 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, brick and mortar, furniture and other wood products Shortages: most industrial raw materials and fuels Crude steel: 449,000 metric tons produced (1973), 90 kg. per capita Electric power: 5,588,000 kw. capacity (1974); 18.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,900 kw.-hr. per capita Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 DENMARK/DOMINICA Exports; $7,697 million (f.o.b., 1974); principal items ? meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equipment, fish, furs, and furniture Imports; $9,919 million (c.i.f., 1974); principal items ? industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper Major trade partners: EC-nine 44.37% (U.K. 13.60%; West Germany 16.01%); Sweden 14.71%, U.S. 5.90%; Communist countries 3.90% (1974) Aid: economic ? U.S., $343 million authorized FY46-73; IBRD, $85.0 million through 1973, none since 1964; net official economic aid given to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $250.5 million (1960-70), $58.3 million (1969), $63.2 million (1970), $80 million (1971 provisional); military ? U.S., $626 million (FY49-73) Budget: (1974) expenditures $11.0 billion, revenues $11.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kroner= US$0.164, 1974, average exchange rate Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,810 mi. Danish State Railways (DSB); 1,461 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2 "), 52 mi. electrified and 453 mi. double tracked; remaining 349 mi. of standard gage lines are privately owned and operated Highways: 38,295 mi.; 31,196 mi. concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 5,645 mi. gravel and crushed stone; 1,454 mi. improved earth Inland waterways: 259 mi. Pipelines: refined products, 260 mi. Ports: 16 major, 44 minor Civil air: 84 major transport aircraft including 9 belonging to Greenland Airfields: 142 total, 109 usable; 18 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent telephone, tele- graph, and broadcast services; 2,220,000 telephones; 1,710,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 1,690,000 TV receivers; 4 AM, 13 FM, and 30 TV stations; 14 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,195,000; 1,050,000 fit for military service; 38,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $824 million; about 7% of central government budget DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Atlantic Ocean Cf: DOMINICA (Sea reference anifl LAND 305 sq. mi.; 24% arable, 2% pasture, 67% forests, 7% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 92 mi. PEOPLE Population: 77,000, average annual growth rate 1.6% (4/60-4/70) Nationality: noun?Dominican(s); adjective? Dominican Ethnic divisions: mostly of African Negro descent Religion: Roman Catholic, Church of England, Methodist Language: English; French patois Literacy; about 80% Labor force: 23,000; about 50% in agriculture Organized labor: 25% of the labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Dominica Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British -Associated State" Capital: Roseau Political subdivisions: 10 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean Court of Appeals Branches: legislature, 11 member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier Patrick John; U.K. Governor Sir Louis Cools- Lartigue Suffrage: universal adult suffrage over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; most recent March 1975 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 53 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 DOMINICA/DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Patrick John; Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Miss M. Eugenia Charles (unofficial) Voting strength: House of Assembly seats?DFP 3 seats, DLP 16 seats, independent 2 seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, WCL ECONOMY GDP: $21.0 million (1971 est.), $270 per capita; 8.8% increase in 1971 ? including price changes Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism Electric power: 5,500 kw. capacity (1974); 16 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 230 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $6.1 million (f.o.b., 1970); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $16.3 million (c.i.f., 1970); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles Major trade partners: U.K. 53%, Commonwealth Caribbean countries 15%, Canada 10%, U.S. 7% (1963) Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 East Caribbean dollars= US$1 (May 1975), now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 460 mi.; 230 mi. paved, 160 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth surface, 70 mi. unimproved Ports: 2 minor (Roseau, Portsmouth) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 4,830 ft. Telecommunications: 2,900 telephones in fully automatic network; VHF link to St. Lucia; 15,000 radio receivers; 150 TV receivers; 1 AM station DOMINICAN REPUBLIC LAND 18,800 sq. mi.; 14% cultivated, 4% fallow, 17% meadows and pastures, 45% forested, 20% built-on or waste Land boundaries: 224 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 800 mi PEOPLE Population: 4,766,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (7/73-7/74) 54 tk9otk Ocean NUNICAN EPUSCIC PlIERTO RiC# (See reference map III Nationality: noun?Dominican(s); adjective? Dominican Ethnic divisions: 73% mulatto, 16% white, 11% Negro Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 68% Labor force: 1.3 million; 73% agriculture, 8% industry, 19% services and other Organized labor: 12% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominican Republic Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (74 seats) elected for 4-year terms; members of Supreme Court elected by Senate Government leader: President Joaquin Balaguer Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: national, last election May 1974, next election May 1978 Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Francisco Pena Gomez, Secundino Gil Morales; Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch, Democratic Quisqueyan Party (PQD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Revolutionary Social Christian Party (PRSC), Rogelio Delgado Bogaert; Movement for National Conciliation (MNC), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Anti-reelection Movement of Democratic Integration (M IDA), Francisco Augusto Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC/ECUADOR Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Luis Tajara Burgos; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary Movement (MR-1J4), split into several factions, illegal; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), central committee, illegal; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD), illegal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (PCRD), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal Voting strength (1974 election): 85% PR, 15% PDP, all other parties abstained Communists: an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 members in six different factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differences and organizational inade- quacies Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.0 billion (1974), $660 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 8.8% Agriculture: main crops ? sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, rice, corn; self-sufficient in rice; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1966) Major industries: sugar processing, nickel mining, bauxite mining, peanut processing, textiles, cement Electric power: 356,665 kw. capacity (1974); 1.4 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 310 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $637 million (f.o.b., 1974); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, bauxite Imports: $774 million (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment Major trade partners: exports?U.S. 56% (1974); imports?U.S. 60% (1974) Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY46-73), $224 million in grants, $297 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-72), $147 million; from other western countries (1960-71), $11.7 million military ? assistance from U.S. (FY53-73), $33 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,000 route mi. of which 65 mi. government-owned common carrier (3'6" gage) and 935 mi. privately owned plantation network (approxi- mately 4 different gages ranging from 1'10?" to 4'8?", with 2'6" predominating) Highways: 7,000 mi.; 3,500 mi. paved, 3,500 mi. gravel and improved earth Pipelines: product lines (1.5 mi. and 43 mi.) under construction Ports: 5 major (Santo Domingo, Barahona, Haina, Las Calderas, San Pedro de Macoris), 17 minor Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft Airfields: 50 total, 43 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio relay network; 96,500 telephones; 600,000 radio and 190,000 TV receivers, 110 AM, 31 FM, and 11 TV stations; 3 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial; planned COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,067,000; 676,000 fit for military service; 52,000 reach military age (18) annually ECUADOR Galapagos Islands ECUADOR Gull? Pacific Ocean (See reference reap 111) LAND 106,000 sq. mi. (including Galapagos Islands); 11% cultivated, 8% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available) Land boundaries: 1,200 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi. Coastline: 1,390 mi. (includes Galapagos Is.) PEOPLE Population: 6,804,000 (excluding nomadic Indian tribes), average annual growth rate 2.9% (11/62-6/74) Nationality: noun?Ecuadorean(s); adjective? Ecuadorean Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 55 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ECUADOR Ethnic divisions: 40% mestizo, 40% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing) Language: Spanish, Quechua Literacy: 57% Labor force: 2 million, of which 56% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 7% commerce, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ecuador Type: republic; under military regime since February 1972 Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces including Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; modified 1945 constitution re-instituted in February 1972; legal education at 4 state and 2 private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President and Government Council assumed power February 1972; government decisions announced by decree over the president's signature; judiciary system supervised by Supreme Court; six special tribunals established in July 1972 Government leader: President, General Guillermo Rodriguez Lara Suffrage: universal for literates over age 18 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: National Velasquista Front, personalistic, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (in exile); Radical Liberal Party, Ignacio Hidalgo Villavicencio; Social Christian Party, generally conservative, Camilo Ponce; Conservative Party, Galo Pico Mantilla; Concentration of Popular Forces, populist, Assad Bucaram; National Revolutionary Party, leftist, Carlos Julio Arosemena Voting strength: in June 1968 national elections, Velasquistas, a center-left coalition, and a rightist coalition each got approximately one-third Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-Moscow, Pedro Saad ? secretary-general), 500 members plus an estimated 3,000 sympathizers; Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE/ML, pro-Peking), 100 members; Revolutionary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE), 200 members Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GNP: $3.1 billion (1974), $450 per capita; 62% private consumption, 16% public consumption, 22% gross investment (1974 est.); real growth rate 1974, 14% Agriculture: main crops ? bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, cotton, corn, potatoes, rice; caloric intake, 1,970 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 105,000 metric tons (1971); exports $30.0 million (1973), imports negligible (1971) Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 390,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.4 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 184 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $834 million (f.o.b., 1974); bananas, petroleum, coffee, cocoa, sugar, fish products Imports: $602 million (f.o.b., 1974); agricultural and industrial machinery, wheat, petroleum products, chemical products, transportation and communica- tion equipment Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 35%, EC 15%, Japan 5%, imports?U.S. 33%, EC 26%, Japan 11% (1973) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $209 million loans, $118 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $273 million; from Communist countries (1967-74), $15.4 million loans; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY49-72), $63 million Budget: $600 million Monetary conversion rate: 25.25 sucres = US$1 (official selling rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 660 mi.; 615 mi. 3'6" gage, 45 mi. 2'5 1/2" gage; all single track Highways: 12,700 mi.; 2,100 mi paved, 10,600 mi. otherwise improved Inland waterways: 960 mi. Pipelines: crude oil, 390 mi.; refined products, 320 mi. Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar), 11 minor Civil air: 29 major transport aircraft Airfields: 175 total, 175 usable; 17 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 21 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities adequate only in largest cities; satellite ground station; 135,000 telephones; 1.7 million radio and 250,000 TV receivers; 240 AM, 38 FM, and 12 TV stations 56 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ECUADOR/EGYPT DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,667,000; 1,088,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 71,000 EGYPT (See reference map VI LAND 386,200 sq. mi. (including 22,200 sq. mi, occupied by Israel); 2.8% cultivated (of which about 70% multiple cropped); 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 0.7% inland water Land boundaries: 1,570 mi. (1967), excludes occupied area 1,534 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (plus 6 n. mi. -necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 2,140 mi. (1967), excludes occupied area 1,340 mi. PEOPLE Population: 37,714,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun?Egyptian(s); adjective? Egyptian or United Arab Republic Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other Language: Arabic official, English and French widely understood by educated classes Literacy: around 40% Labor force: 8 to 12 million; 45% to 50% agriculture, 10% industry, 10% trade and finance, 30% services and other; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 1 to 3 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956 Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 25 governorates Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; permanent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; People's Assembly has little actual power (serves mainly for discussion and automatic approval); independent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leader: President Anwar Sadat Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent October 1971); presidential elections every 6 years (next scheduled in 1976) Political parties and leaders: political parties banned except for the government-sponsored sociopolitical grouping, Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Communists: approximately 500, party members Member of: AAPSO, AFDB, Arab League, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WPC ECONOMY GNP: $9 billion (1974 est., in 1973 prices), $240 per capita; inter war annual growth rate of 1% or less accelerated to 4%-5% since 1973 Agriculture: main cash crop ? cotton; other crops ? rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-sufficient in food, but agriculture a net earner of foreign exchange Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 4,476,000 kw. capacity (1974); 8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 220 kw.-hr. per capita Monetary conversion rate: 1 Egyptian pound= US$2.54 (selling rate); 0.394 Egyptian pound =US$1 (selling rate) Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning in 1973 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,358 mi.; 570 mi. double track; 15 mi. electrified; 2,976 mi. 48?" gage, 156 mi. 3'33/" gage, 226 mi. 2'5?" gage Highways: 29,358 mi.; 5,914 mi. paved, 279 mi. gravel and crushed stone, 6,398 mi. improved earth, 16,767 mi. unimproved earth 57 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 EGYPT/EL SALVADOR Inland waterways: 2,100 mi.; Suez Canal, 100 mi. long, temporarily closed to navigation because of sunken vessels; normally used by ocean-going vessels drawing up to 38 ft. of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of 500-ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966) ?242 million tons of which 175.6 million tons were POI, Pipelines: crude oil, 185 mi.; refined products, 390 mi.; natural gas, 30 mi. Ports: 3 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez), 8 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 98 total, 84 usable; 69 with permanent- surface runways; 41 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways over 12,000 feet, 19 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: second best system of coaxial and multiconductor cables, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations in Africa; principal centers Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; 471,800 telephones; 5.1 million radio and 610,000 TV receivers; 12 AM, 1 FM, and 22 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,545,000; 5,409,000 fit for military service; about 390,000 reach military age (20) annually EL SALVADOR (See reference rnep LAND 8,260 sq. mi.; 32% cropland (9% corn, 5% cotton, 7% coffee, 11% other), 26% meadows and pastures, 31% nonagricultural, 11% forested Land boundaries: 320 mi. 58 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n mi Coastline: 190 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,161,000, average annual growth rate 3.0% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Salvadoran(s); adjective? Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 84%-88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98% Language: Spanish Literacy: 50% of population 10 years of age and over (1973 est.) Labor force: 1,395,000 (est 1973); 57% agricul- ture, 14% services, 14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation Organized labor: 3.5% of total labor force; 6.6% of nonagricultural labor force (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of El Salvador Type: republic Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: traditionally dominant executive, fairly independent unicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President Arturo Armando Molina Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every 5 years; presidential elections March 1977, legislative and municipal elections March 1976 Political parties and leaders: National Concilia- tion Party (PCN), President Arturo A. Molina; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Ramirez Rauda, Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alvergue, Jose Napoleon Duarte; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo Navarrete, Roberto Quinonez Meza, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal, Jorge Shafick Handal; National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic Union Party (PUDN), Communist Front, Jorge Shafisk Handal, Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 EL SALVADOR/EQUATORIAL GUINEA Ernesto Contreras, Julio Castro Belloso; Independent Democratic United Front (FUDI), Gen. Jose A. Medrano, Raul Salaverria Voting strength: February 1972 presidential election ? PCN 43.4%, PDC, PUDN, and MNR coalition, 42.1%; FUDI, 12.3%; PPS 2.2%; March 1974 legislative election ? PCN, 36 seats; PDC, MNR, and PUDN coalition, 15 seats; FUDI, 1 seat Communists: 100 to 200 active members; sympathizers, 5,000 Other political or pressure groups: the military; about 100 prominent families; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independ- ent; Catholic Church; Salvadoran National Associa- tion of Educators (ANDES) Member of: Central American Common Market (CACM), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAS, ODECA, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.6 billion (1974 est.), $410 per capita; 78% private consumption, 11% government consumption, 20% domestic investment, ?9% net foreign balance (1974 est.); real growth rate 1974, 5.7% Agriculture: main crops ? coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1963-64) Fishing: catch 15,600 metric tons (1972); exports $6.0 million (1971), imports $0.5 million (1972) Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products Electric power: 225,000 kw. capacity (1974); 860 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 225 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $463 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $562 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, automotive vehicles, petroleum, food-stuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 33%, CACM 32%, EC 18%, Japan 10% (1973); imports?U.S. 30%, CACM 20%, EC 20%, Japan 7% (1974) Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY46-73), $90.6 million loans, $67.2 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $193 million; from other Western countries (1960-71) $9.8 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY53-73), $8 million Budget: $426 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones = US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 375 mi., 3'0" gage; single-tracked; 285 mi. privately owned, 90 mi. government owned Highways: 6,700 mi.; 800 mi. bituminous, 1,200 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 4,700 mi. earth Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 3 major (Acajutla, La Union, La Libertad), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 146 total, 145 usable; 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay system; connection into Central American microwave net; 48,500 telephones; 600,000 radio and 115,000 TV receivers; 53 AM, 6 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 927,000; 569,000 fit for military service; 44,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $17.7 million; 6.5% of central government budget EQUATORIAL GUINEA OUATORIAL GUINEA Atlantic Ocean (See reference map VII LAND 10,800 sq. mi.; Rio Muni, about 10,000 sq. mi., largely forested; Fernando Po, about 800 sq. mi. Land boundaries: 335 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 184 mi. PEOPLE Population: 321,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (7/68-7/69); Rio Muni, 227,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7/68-7/69); Fernando Po, Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 59 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 EQUATORIAL GUINEA/ETHIOPIA 94,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/68-7/69) Nationality: noun?Equatorial Guinean(s); adjec- tive?Equatorial Guinean Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Province Francisco Macias Nguema primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos; of Rio Mimi primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish official language of govern- ment and business; also pidgin English, Fang Literacy: 12% (est.) Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Type: republic, one-party presidential regime since 1968 Capital: M alabo, Province Francisco Macias Nguema Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Province Francisco Macias Nguema and Rio Muni) Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system and customary law, new constitution adopted July 1973; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: there are legislative and judicial branches but President exercises virtually unlimited power Government leader: President for life, Francisco Macias Nguema Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: parliamentary elections held December 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) is the sole legal party, led by President Macias Communists: no significant number of Com- munists or sympathizers Member of: Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UPI) ECONOMY GNP: $70 million (1972); $240 per capita Agriculture: majorcash crops ? Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa; main food products ? rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1970); exports $86,000 (1970) Major industries: fishing, sawmilling Electric power: 2,800 kw. capacity (1974); 23 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), about 75 kw.-hr. per capita January 1976 Exports: $19 million (1973); cocoa, coffee, and wood Imports: $21 million (1973); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles Major trade partner: Spain Aid: Spain, $14.0 million (1969); Libya, $1 million (1971); China $24 million extended (1971) Budget: 1973 budget receipts $9 million, expenditures $12 million Monetary conversion rate: 64.47 Guinean pesetas= US$1 (official) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: Rio Muni 1,553 mi., including approx. 115 mi. bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Fernando Po ? 186 mi., including 91 mi. bituminous, remainder gravel and earth Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 104 mi of year-round navigable waterway, used mostly by pirogues Ports: 2 major (Macias Nguema Biyogo, Rey Malabo), 3 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: fairly adequate for the size and stage of development of the country; interna- tional communications by radio from Bata and Malabo to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Spain; 1,500 telephones; 96,500 radio and 500 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 74,000; 37,000 fit for military service Major equipment: 10 Soviet amphibious personnel carriers (3 small and 7 large); 4 P-6 motor gunboats, 1 unidentified patrol craft; I Alouette III helicopter Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $3,475,700; 14.3% of total budget ETHIOPIA LAND 455,000 sq. mi.; 10% cropland and orchards, 55% meadows and natural pastures, 6% forests and woodlands, 29% wasteland, built-on areas, and other Land boundaries: 3,230 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi.; sedentary fisheries extends to limit of fisheries Coastline: 680 mi. (includes offshore islands) 60 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 ETHIOPIA PEOPLE Population: 28,302,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Ethiopian(s); adjective? Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40% -45% Muslims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major foreign language taught in schools Literacy: about 5% Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi- government Organized labor: 60,000 registered labor union members (See ralemea map VI) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ethiopia Type: under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Capital: Addis Ababa Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations) Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution suspended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Haile Selassie I University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: effective power exercised by Provisional Military Administrative Council (MAC), an unorganized group of about 110 young officers and enlisted men; predominantly civilian cabinet is ineffectual and holds office at suffrance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either Government leader: Brigadier General Teferi Benti, Chairman of the Military Administrative Council Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: lower house of Parliament election in June 1973 Political parties and leaders: only amorphous reform groups especially among younger, better educated Ethiopians Communists: none Other political or pressure groups: some dissident ethnic groups, most important of which are Eritrean Liberation Front and Popular Liberation Front, separatist groups operating in northeastern Ethiopia Member of: AFDB, ECA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,450 million (1972), $80 per capita; average annual real growth rate 4% (1967-72) Agriculture: main crops ? coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, oilseeds; livestock Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery Electric power: 384,000 kw. capacity (1974); 673 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 25 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $267 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee 27%, pulses 17%, hides and skins 8%, oilseeds, oilcakes, and nuts 20%; $4.6 million to Communist countries (1971) Imports: $273 million (c.i.f., 1974); metals, machinery and vehicles 47%, petroleum and chemicals 17%, foodstuffs, live animals, and beverages 7%; $9.7 million from Communist countries (1970) Major trade partners: imports ? Italy, Japan, West Germany, and U.S.; exports ? U.S., West Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 2.09 Ethiopian dollars= US$1 Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 630 mi.; 420 mi. 3'3%" gage, 20 mi. 3'6" gage, 190 mi. 3'1a/8" gage; all single track Highways: 14,500 mi.; 1,675 mi. bituminous, 3,100 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized earth, remainder earth Inland waterways: navigation possible on Lake Tana and on approx. 140 mi. of unconnected and basically unimproved waterways, of which only 71 mi. are navigable year round Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 61 Approved For Release 2005/04122 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001 -8 ETHIOPIA/ F AEROE ISLANDS Ports: 2 major (Assab, Massawa), 1 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 162 total, 150 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 6 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 46 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: system better than most African countries; composed of open-wire lines, radiocommunication stations, and small number of multiconductor cable and radio-relay links; principal center Addis Ababa, secondary center Asmara; 60,800 telephones; 500,000 radio receivers; 20,000 TV receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,028,000; 3,745,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 278,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 7 August 1976, $83,653,846; 13.1% of total budget FAEROE ISLANDS FAEROE' ISLANDS (See relerance map 11/1 LAND 540 sq. mi.; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi.; fishing, 12 n. mi. (from extended base lines) Coastline: 475 mi. PEOPLE Population: 40,000, average annual growth rate 0.9% (4/66-11/70) Nationality: noun?Faeroese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Faeroese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: Evangelical Lutheran January 1976 Languages: Faeroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Literacy: 99% Labor force: 15,000; largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Faeroe Islands Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commis- sioner, and provincial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly Faeroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible to provincial parliament Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minister, Atli Dam; Danish Governor, Leif Groth Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years; next election 1979 Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakun Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus Voting strength (1975 election): Social Demo- cratic 25.8%, Republican 22.5%, Peoples 20.5%, Union 19.1%, Home Rule 7.2%, Progressive 2.5% Communists: insignificant number Member of: Nordic Council ECONOMY GDP: $90.9 million (1971), about $2,270 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing Fishing: catch 208,000 metric tons; exports, $60 million (1973) Major industry: fishing Electric power: 28,000 kw. capacity (1974); 82 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,800 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $79 million (f.o.b., 1973); fish and fish products Imports: $68 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: (1972) Denmark 47%, EC- six 12%, U.K. 8%, U.S. 8%, Norway 4%, Sweden 4% Budget: (FY72) expenditures $22.1 million, revenues $22.4 million 62 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FAEROE ISLANDS/FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Danish Kroner= US$0.164 (1974) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 1 minor Airfields: I with permanent-surface runway, less than 4,000 ft. Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: good international com- munications; fair domestic facilities; 13,010 tele- phones, 12,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, and 3 FM stations 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)1 FALKLAND ISLANDS (See reference map III) LAND Colony ? 4,700 sq. mi.; area consists of some 200 small islands, chief of which are East Falkland (2,580 sq. mi.) and West Falkland (2,038 sq. mi.); dependencies ? consists of the South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia, and the Shag and Clerke Rocks WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 800 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,000 (preliminary total from the census of 3 December 1972) 'The possession of the Falkland Islands has been dis- puted by the U.K. and Argentina (which refers to them as the Malvinas) since 1833. Nationality: noun?Falkland Islander(s); adjec- tive?Falkland Island Ethnic divisions: almost totally British Religion: predominantly Church of England Language: English Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14 Labor force: 1,100 (est.); over 95% (est.) in agriculture, mostly sheepherding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands Type: British crown colony Capital: Stanley Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legisla- tive Council Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief Ernest G. Lewis (also High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony) Suffrage: universal ECONOMY Government budget: Colony ? revenues, $1.0 million (FY68); expenditures, $1.1 million (FY68) Agriculture: Colony ? predominantly sheep farming; dependencies ? whaling and sealing Major industries: Colony ? wool processing; dependencies ? whale and seal processing Electric power: 1,200 kw. capacity (1974); 2.3 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,100 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: Colony ? $2.28 million (1969); wool, hides and skins, and other; dependencies ? no exports in 1968 or 1969 Imports: Colony ? $1.22 million (1969); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery; dependencies ? $8,368 (1969); mineral fuels and lubricants, food, and machinery Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K. Monetary conversion rate: I Falkland Island pound= US$2.60 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 22 mi.; 10 mi. paved, 12 mi. gravel, and earth; no other made-up roads in the islands beyond the immediate vicinity of Stanley Ports: 1 major (Port Stanley), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable airfield, 1 seaplane station 63 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)/FIJI Telecommunications: government-operated open- wire and radiotelephone networks providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approx- imately 600 telephones; 1 AM station and 1,100 est. radiobroadcast receivers FIJI Pacific Ocean 0. FIJI ISLANDS' (See reference map LAND 7,055 sq. mi.; landownership ? 83.6% Fijians, 1.7% Indians, 6.4% government, 7.2% European, 1.1% other; about 30% of land area is suitable for farming WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 700 mi. (est.) PEOPLE Population: 575,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (7/71-7/74) Nationality: noun?Fijian(s); adjective?Fijian Ethnic divisions: 42% Fijian, 50% Indian, 8% European, Chinese and others Religion: Fijians mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority Language: English and Fijian (official), Hindu- stani widely spoken among Indians Literacy: over 80% Labor force: 95,000; over 50% in agriculture, no breakdown on remainder Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into 22 unions; unions organized along lines of work, breakdown by ethnic origin causes further fragmentation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of Fiji Type: independent state within Commonwealth; Elizabeth II recognized as head of state 64 Capital: Suva Political subdivisions: 14 provinces Legal system: based on British Branches: executive ? Prime Minister; legislative -- 52-member House of Representatives; Alliance Party 33 seats, National Federation Party 19 seats Government leader: Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier, last held March-April 1972 Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by S. M. Koya Communists: few, no figures available Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $329 million (1973), $600 per capita; 6.8% real growth rate (1971-73) Agriculture: main crops ? sugar, coconut products, bananas, rice; major deficiency, grains Major industries: sugar processing, tourism Electric power: 76,000 kw. capacity (1974); 230 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 410 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $154 million (f.o.b., 1974, including reexports); sugar 48%, copra 8%, copper 8% Imports: $271 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery 25%, manufactured goods 25%, food 20% Major trade partners: exports?U.K. 40%, Australia 14 %, U.S. 14%, Canada 11%; imports? Australia 30%, Japan 16%, U.S. 14%, New Zealand 12% Aid: disbursed 1968 ? Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $0.6 million, U.K. $4.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Fijian dol- lar= US$1.2774 (April 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,757 mi. (1974); 173 mi. paved, 1,584 mi. gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 126 mi.; 76 mi. navigable by motorized craft and 200-ton barges Ports: I major, 6 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent surface runways, 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., I with runway 4,000-7,999 ft., 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FIJI/FINLAND special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between U.S./Canada and New Zealand/ Australia, et al; 22,523 telephones; 251,000 radio receivers; 6 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 146,000; 81,000 fit for military service; 6,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: the defense of the Fiji Islands was the responsibility of the U.K. until 10 October 1970; military budget for 1971, $314,000 FINLAND H lsinki Sea (See reference map IV) LAND 130,000 sq. mi.; 8% arable, 58% forested, 34% other Land boundaries: 1,575 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 n. mi.; Aland Islands, 3 n. mi. Coastline: 700 mi. (approx.) excludes islands and coastal indentations PEOPLE Population: 4,715,000, average annual growth rate 0.4% (7/74-7/75) Nationality: noun?Finn(s); adjective?Finnish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.2 million; 16.6% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 26.4% mining and manufactur- ing, 8.4% construction, 15.4% commerce, 6.8% transportation and communications, 4.0% banking and finance, 20.1% services; 1.8% unemployed Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Finland Type: republic Capital: Helsinki Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 com- munes, 78 towns Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts, 193 lower courts Government leader: President Urho K. Kekkonen; Prime Minister Keijo Liinamaa Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1979); presidential, every 6 years (extraordinary parliamentary legislation extended President Kek- konens term, which normally expires in 1974, to 1978) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Rafael Paasio; Center, Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Ele Alenius; Conservative, Harri Holker; Liberal, Pekka Tarjanne; Swedish Peoples Party, Kristan Gestrin; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Finnish People's Unity Party, Eino Haikala; Communist, Aarne Saarinen Voting strength (1975 election): 25% Social Democratic, 18.4% Conservative, 19.0% Peoples Democratic League, 17.7% Center, 3.6% Rural, 4.7% Swedish Peoples, 4.4% Liberals, 3.3% Christian Peoples Communists: 47,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples Democratic League; a further number of sympathizers, as indicated by 421,000 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1970 elections Member of: ADB, CEMA (special cooperation agreement), DAC, EC (free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $21 billion (1974), $4,500 per capita; 51.8% consumption, 31.6% investment, 22.6% government, ? 6.0% net exports of goods and services; 1974 growth rate 5.2%, constant prices 65 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FINLAND/FRANCE Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, predominates; forestry important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops ? cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages ? food and fodder grains; caloric intake 2,940 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore Crude steel: 1.7 million metric tons produced (1974), 370 kilograms per capita Electric power: 7,294,720 kw. capacity (1974); 27.4 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 5,800 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $5;5 billion (f.o.b., 1974); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $6.8 billion (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics Major trade partners (1974): 40% EC-nine (12% West Germany, 13% U.K.); 18% Sweden; 16% U.S.S.R.; 6% U.S. Aid: U.S. $182 million authorized FY46-73, $22.1 million in FY71, none in 1972, 1.5 million in 1973; IBRD?$296.5 million authorized through 1946-73, $20 million in 1973; Finnish foreign aid programs have amounted to $23 million 1961-69, $15,000 in 1970 Budget: (1974) expenditures $5.2 billion, revenues $5.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: new markka (Fmk) 3.75 =US$1 (1974 trade conversion factor, IMF) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,695 mi.; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total 3,677 mi. broad gage (5'0"), 296 mi. multiple track, and 245 mi. electrified; 14 mi. narrow gage (2'5 1/2") and 4 mi. broad gage are privately owned Highways: about 45,000 mi. in national classified network, including 18,000 mi. paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous surface treated) and 27,000 mi. unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 17,700 mi. of private (state subsidized) roads Inland waterways: 4,100 mi. total (including Saimaa Canal); 2,300 mi. suitable for steamers; Saimaa Canal locks (278 ft. by 43.3 ft. with a 17.0 ft. depth over sill) can accommodate vessels of up to 269 ft. in length, 38.6 ft. beam, 14.3 ft. draft, and 80.4 ft. mast height Pipelines: natural gas, 100 mi. Ports: 11 major, 14 minor Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft Airfields: 106 total, 104 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 24 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: facilities provide essential services for government, public, and industry; 1,720,000 telephones; 2,100,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 1,440,000 TV receivers; 13 AM, 40 FM, and 65 TV stations; 4 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,205,000; 975,000 fit for military service; 39,000 reach military age (17) annually FRANCE (See reference map IV) LAND 213,000 sq. mi.; 35% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested Land boundaries: 1,795 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 2,130 mi. (includes Corsica, 400 mi.) PEOPLE Population: 53,095,000, average annual growth rate 0.8% (1/70-1/75) Nationality: noun?Frenchman (men); adjective? French Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declining regional patois ? Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish 66 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Literacy: 97% Labor force: 21,900,000 (est. in 47% services, 39% industry, 12% unemployed Organized labor: 17% of labor salaried labor force FRANCE October 1974); agriculture, 2% force, 23.4% of GOVERNMENT Legal name: French Republic Type: republic, with president having wide powers Capital: Paris Political subdivisions: 95 metropolitan depart- ments, 21 regional economic districts Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning election of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature ? National Assembly (490 members), Senate (283 members) restricted to a delaying action; judiciary independent in principle Government leader: President Valery Giscard d' Estaing Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compulsory Elections: National Assembly ? every 5 years, last election March 1973, direct universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senate ? indirect collegiate system for 9 years, renewable by one-third every 3 years; President ? direct, universal suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Jacques Chirc; Independent Republicans (IR), Valery Giscard d'Estaing; Communist (PCF), George Marchais; Progress and Modern Democracy (PDM), Jacques Duhamel; Left Radical Party, Robert Fabre; Center Democratic Party, Jean Lecanuet; Radical Socialists and Reformers, Gabriel Peronnet; Socialist Party, Francois Mitterrand; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Mousel Voting strength (first ballot, 1974 election): 43.2% Communist Socialist Alliance, 32.6% IR, 15.1% UDR, 9.1% other Communists: 250,000-300,000 (est.); Communist voters, 5 million average Other political or pressure groups: Communist- controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 1,500,000 members (est.), National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais ? CNPF or Patronat) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, South Pacific Commission, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $275.4 billion (1974), $5,230 per capita; 60.6% consumption, 28.3% investment (including government), 12.4% government consumption; ?1.3% net foreign balance (1974); 1974 real growth rate 3.8% Agriculture: Western Europes foremost producer; main products ? beef, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone foodstuffs; food shortages ? fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake, 3,270 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 783,000 metric tons, $380 million (1972); exports $64 million, imports $300 million (1972) Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils Crude steel: 27.0 million metric tons produced (1974), 513 kilograms per capita Electric power: 45,200,000 kw. capacity (1974); 188.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974); 3,000 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $46.4 billion (f.o.b., 1974); principal items ? machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals Imports: $52.1 billion (c.i.f., 1974); principal items ? crude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel products, foodstuffs, agricultural products Major trade partners: West Germany 18%; Belgium-Luxembourg 11%; Italy 9%; U.S. 6%; Netherlands 5%; U.K. 5%; Eastern Europe 3%; U.S.S.R. 1%; Franc Zone 4% Aid: economic (received) ? U.S., $5,382 million authorized (FY46-73), $44 million in FY73; military ? U.S., $4,355 million authorized (FY46-73); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies ? $8,400 million (FY60-70), $1,125 million in 1971, $457 million in 1974 Budget: (1974) expenditures 236.7 billion francs, revenues 240.5 billion francs, surplus 3.8 billion francs Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc= US$0.2079 (1974 average) Fiscal year: calendar year Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-R0P79-01051A000800010001-8 67 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FRANCE/FRENCH GUIANA COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 22,930 mi.; 22,200 mi. standard gage, 730 mi. other gages (3'33/8" to 4'9"); 5,810 mi. electrified, 9,770 mi. double or multiple track Highways: National, Departmental, and Commu- nal roads total 497,200 mi. comprising 292,600 mi. paved, 190,000 mi, crushed stone and gravel, and 14,600 mi. improved earth; in addition, there are approximately 434,000 mi. of local farm and forest roads Inland waterways: 9,320 mi.; 4,670 mi. heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil, 1,400 mi.; refined products, 2,700 mi.; natural gas, 9,300 mi. Ports: 23 major, 165 minor Civil air: 306 major transport aircraft (including 13 foreign based but French registered) Airfields: 464 total, 432 usable; 203 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 25 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 119 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broadcast services; 12.7 million telephones; 18.3 million radiobroadcast receivers; 14.3 million TV receivers; 40 AM, 84 FM, and 1,400 TV stations; 19 submarine cables (18 coaxial); 4 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,843,000; fit for military service 10,340,000; 424,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $9.7 billion; about 17% of central government budget FRENCH GUIANA LAND 35,100 sq. mi.; 90% forested, 10% wasteland, bulli- on, inland water and other, of which .05% is cultivated and pasture Land boundaries: 735 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n mi Coastline: 235 mi PEOPLE Population: 55,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (7/68-7/73) Nationality: noun?French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjective?French Guiana Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian, 10,000 East Indian, Chinese S ce refereace mop 110 Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: French Literacy: 73% Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construction 21%, agriculture 18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable Organized labor: 7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of French Guiana Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate Capital: Cayenne Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system, highest court is Court of Appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legislative: popularly elected 16-member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseiller Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National Assembly, normally every 5 years; last election March 1973; local elections last held September 1973 last French presidential election in May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder, Senator; Union du Peuple Guyanaise (UPG), weak leftist allied with, but also reported, to have been absorbed by the PSG; 68 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FRENCH GUIANA/FRENCH POLYNESIA Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly Communists: Communist party membership negligible Member of: WCL, WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $40 million (at market prices, 1970), $800 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? rice, corn, manioc, ? cocoa, bananas, sugarcane Fishing: catch 1,300 metric tons (1972); shrimp exports $3.9 million; imports $2.3 million (1969) Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence, and space center Electric power: 28,600 kw. capacity (1974); 56 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,080 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $5 million (f.o.b., 1973); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence Imports: $56 million (c.i.f., 1973); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods and petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 78%, France 11%, Martinique 5%; imports ? France 49%, U.S. 10%, Trinidad and Tobago 3% (1969) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs= US$1 (1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 20 mi. private plantation line, 1'116/8" gage; 8 mi. abandoned narrow-gage line Highways: 300 mi.; 250 mi. paved, 50 mi. improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 290 mi., navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 2,110 mi, possibly navigable by native craft Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: limited open-wire telecom system with about 6,950 telephones; 7,100 radio receivers and 3,100 TV receivers, 2 AM, 2 FM and 2 TV stations; satellite communications station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,000; 9,000 fit for military service FRENCH POLYNESIA LAND About 1,544 sq. mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 n mi. (See refermce map VIII) Coastline: about 975 mi. PEOPLE Population: 120,000 official estimate for 1 July 1973 Nationality: noun?French Polynesian(s); adjec- tive?French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chinese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of French Polynesia Type: overseas territory of France, administered by French Ministry for Overseas Territories Capital: Papeete Political subdivisions: 5 districts Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Branches: 30-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5-member Council of Government, elected by Assembly; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, also one Senator Government leader: Pierre Angeli, Governor, appointed by French government Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Pupu Here Ai'a, Senator Pouvanna a Oopa, John Teariki; Te E'a Api, Francis Sanford; Union Tahitienne-Union pour la Defense de la Republique, Te Autahoera'a ECONOMY GDP: $259 million (1970) $1,963 per capita (1971) Agriculture: coconut main crop Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism Electric power: 36,000 kw. capacity (1974); 79 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 577 kw.-hr. per capita 69 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FRENCH POLYNESIA/FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS Exports: $19 million (1973); principal products ? coconut products (79%), mother-of-pearl (14%) (1971) Imports: $211 million (1973) Major trade partners: imports ? 59% France, 14% U.S.; exports ? 86% France Aid: France $16 million (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 100 CFP=1NZ$ (1971) COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 2,300 mi., all types Ports: 1 major (Papeete), 6 minor Airfields: 19 total, 19 usable; 10 with permanent surface runways, 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Civil air: no major transport Telecommunications: 10,856 telephones; 70,000 radio and 13,000 TV sets; 1 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS NCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSA Ot/ (See reference map VI) LAND 9,000 sq. mi.; 89% desert wasteland, 10% permanent pasture, and less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 321 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 195 mi. (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 125,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1967) Nationality: noun?Afar(s), Issa(s); adjective? Afars, Issas Ethnic divisions: (approximate figures) 59,350 Somalis, mostly Issas (large number of the Somalis are temporary immigrants from Somalia, not citizens of territory), 53,650 Afars, 6,000 Arabs, 7,000 French (inclusive of French military forces) Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Christian Language: Somali, Afar, French, Arabic, all widely used Literacy: about 5% Labor force: a small number of semiskilled laborers at port Organized labor: some 3,000 railway workers organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Territory of Afars and Issas Type: overseas territory of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and by one senator in French Senate Capital: Djibouti Legal system: based on French civil law system, traditional practices and Islamic law Branches: President of Council of Government; 8- member Council of Government appointed by 40- member Chamber of Deputies; ultimate political authority exercised by Paris-appointed President of the Council of Government, sometimes referred to as Prime Minister Government leader: Ali Aref Bourhan Suffrage: universal Elections: Chamber of Deputies election held November 1973 Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement Democratique Afar, Ali Aref Bourhan; Union Democratique Afar; Union Populaire Africaine; Union Democratique Issa, Oman Farah Iltireh; African People's League, Hassan Gouled Communists: possibly a few sympathizers ECONOMY Gross territorial product: $68 million (1970) Agriculture: livestock; desert conditions limit commercial crops to about 15 acres, including fruits and vegetables Industry: ship repairs and services of port and railroad Electric power: 23,200 kw. capacity (1974); 56.3 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 470 kw.-hr. per capita Imports: $60 million (1972), almost all domes- tically needed goods Exports: $27 million, including perhaps $18 million of transit trade (1972); hides and skins, and transit of coffee Aid: $2.4 million in 1967 from France Monetary conversion rate: 177 Djibouti francs= US$1 70 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS/GABON Fiscal year: probably same as that for France (calendar year) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 60 mi. meter gage Highways: 1,180 mi.; 62 mi. paved, 1,118 mi. improved earth Ports: 1 major (Djibouti) Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft (registered in France) Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radiocommunication stations at outlying places; 2,900 telephones; 12,000 radio receivers; 3,000 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 30,000; about 17,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of France GABON EQUATORIAL GUINEA-. tlaatic cean (See reference (nep VI) LAND 102,000 sq. mi.; 75% forested, 15% savanna, 9% urban and wasteland, less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 1,505 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 100 n. mi. Coastline: 550 mi. PEOPLE Population: 548,000, average annual growth rate 1.7% (7/66-7/70) Nationality: noun?Gabonese (sing., pl.); Gabo- nese Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Mbede, Okande); about 21,000 expatriate Africans and Europeans, including 14,000 French Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang is a major vernacular language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 280,000 of whom 74,000 are wage earners in the modern sector Organized labor: less than 30% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gabonese Republic Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964 Capital: Libreville Political subdivisions: 9 regions, 6 communes, 4,500 villages Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for 7-year term; unicameral 70- member National Assembly has limited powers; judiciary Government leader: President Omar Bongo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held February 1973 Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Demo- cratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party Communists: no organized party; probably some Communist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OCAM, OPEC, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,389 million (1974 est.), $2,671 per capita; 87% growth (1973-74) Agriculture: commercial ? cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops ? bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1970); exports $600,000 (1970) Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petroleum refinery, natural gas, agricultural 71 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GABON/GAMBIA processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals ? manganese, uranium, gold, and iron Electric power: 60,000 kw. capacity (1974); 165 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 306 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $928 million (f.o.b., 1974); wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concentrates, gold) Imports: $440 million (c.i.f., 1974) excluding UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equipment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone Budget: 1975 est. ? receipts $630 million, current expenditures $184 million, investment expenditures $446 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs = US$1 as of January 1975 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 4,000 mi.; 140 mi. paved, 3,268 mi. gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,000 mi. perennially navigable Pipelines: crude oil, 40 mi. Ports: 3 major (Libreville, Port-Gentil, Owendo), 2 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 166 total, 103 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 20 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: system of open-wire, radio- relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunica- tion stations; satellite ground station; 4 AM and 2 TV stations; 7,000 telephones; 90,000 radio receivers; 5,200 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 126,000; 65,000 fit for military service; 5,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $17,850,079; 2.4% of total budget GAMBIA LAND 4,000 sq. mi.; 25% uncultivated savanna, 16% swamps, 4% forest parks, 55% upland cultivable areas, built-up areas, etc. Land boundaries: 460 mi. 72 Elan)111 7 GAMBIA CUJN BISSAU. (See reference map VI) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 n. mi. Coastline: 50 mi. PEOPLE Population: 529,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7/68-7/74) Nationality: noun?Gambian(s); adjective? Gambian Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Malinke 40.8%, Fulani 13.5%, Wolof 12.9%, remainder made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 85% Muslim, 15% animist and Christian Language: English official; Malinke and Wolof most widely used vernaculars Literacy: about 10% Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsistence farming; about 15,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services) Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic pf The Gambia Type: republic; independent since February 1965 Capital: Banjul Political subdivisions: Banjul and 5 divisions Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: cabinet of 10 members; 41-member House of Representatives, in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs, 4 are appointed, 32 are filled by election for 5-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an ex officio member; independent judiciary Government leader: Dawda K. Jawara, President Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary General Dawda K. Jawara, and United Party (UP), John Forster Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GAMBIA/GERMANY, EAST Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general elections held March 1972; PPP 28 seats, UP 3 seats, 1 independent seat Communists: insignificant number Member of: AFBD, Commonwealth, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IMF, OAU, U.N., WCL, WFTU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $62 million (FY73 est.), about $120 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? peanuts, rice, palm kernels Fishing: catch 6,000 metric tons (1971); exports $108,000 (1971) Major industry: peanut processing Electric power: 9,600 kw. capacity (1974); 12 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 38 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $23 million (FY73); peanuts and peanut products 90% to 95%, palm kernels Imports: $29 million (FY73); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products Major trade partners: exports ? U.K. and France; imports ? U.K. and Japan Aid: economic ? U.K. (1968-71) about $8 million commitment; U.S. (FY56-73) $5.2 million Budget: (FY74 est.) current expenditures $14 million, receipts $14 million; development expendi- tures $5.7 million, development receipts $1 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 DaIasi= US$0.59 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 775 mi.; 185 mi. bituminous surface treated, 320 mi. gravel/laterite, 270 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 377 mi. Ports: 1 major (Banjul) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station (non-operational) Telecommunications: adequate network of radio- relay; 1,900 telephones; 60,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 120,000; 61,000 fit for military service GERMANY, EAST LAND 41,800 sq. mi.; 43% arable, 15% meadows and pasture, 27% forested, 15% other (See reference map IV) Land boundaries: 1,435 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 560 mi. (including islands) PEOPLE Population: 16,866,000 (including East Berlin), average annual growth rate ?0.2% (current) Nationality: noun?German(s); adjective?Ger- man Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, .3% Slavic and other Religion: 53% Protestant, 8% Roman Catholic, 39% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 8.2 million; 34.1% industry; 4.7% handicrafts; 6.8% construction; 11.9% agriculture; 6.8% transport and communications; 10.1% commerce; 16.8% services; 2.5% other Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: German Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin) Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,643 communities (Gemeinden) Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1968 by approx. 95% of the voters in national (referendum); court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 73 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GERMANY, EAST/GERMANY, WEST education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968 Branches: legislative ? Volkskammer (elected directly); executive ? Chairman of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (approved by Volkskammer); judiciary ? Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party Government leaders: Chairman, Council of State, With Stoph (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers, Horst Sindermann (Head of Government) Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over Elections: national every 4 years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary elections held 14 November 1971 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party (SED), headed by First Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasant's Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front Voting strength: 1971 parliamentary elections: 98.33% voted the regime slate; 1970 local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate Communists: 1.9 million party members Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated) Member of: CEM A, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Commit- tee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $54.3 billion in 1974 (1973 prices), $3,210 per capita, 1974 growth rate 5.7% Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops ? potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats, industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1970- 71) Fish catch: 325,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, and shipbuilding Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals Crude steel: 6 million metric tons produced (1974), approx. 360 kg. per capita Electric power: 15,808,000 kw. capacity (1974); 80.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,755 kw.-hr. per capita 74 Exports: $8,846 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1974) Imports: $9,719 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1974) Major trade partners: $18,565 million (1974); 30% U.S.S.R., 32% other Communist countries, 38% non- Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 3.53 DME= US$1 for trade data (1974 rate) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,895 route mi.; 8,673 mi. standard gage, 222 mi. meter or other narrow gage, 1,400 mi. double track standard gage; 860 mi. overhead electrified (1973) Highways: about 28,359 mi. classified highways; 7,696 mi. state highways including 928 mi. autobahn; 20,663 mi. district roads; additionally about 34,465 mi. unclassified minor unpaved roads (1973) Inland waterways: 1,562 mi. (1975) Freight carried: rail ? 325.6 million short tons, 32.2 billion short ton/mi. (1973); highway ? 600.6 million short tons, 10.3 billion short ton/mi. (1973); waterway-13.4 million short tons, 1.3 billion short ton/mi. (excl. intl, transit traffic) (1974) Pipelines: crude oil, 500 mi; refined products, 150 mi.; natural gas 300 mi. Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 9.6 billion DME; about 9% of total budget GERMANY, WEST LAND 96,000 sq. mi. (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 2,630 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 925 mi. (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 62,989,000 (including West Berlin), average annual growth rate 0.2% (current) Nationality: noun?German(s); adjective?Ger- man Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GERMANY, WEST (See Werence Imp IV) Religion: 49% Protestant, 44.6% Roman Catholic, 6.4% other Language: German Literacy: 99% Labor force: 26.7 million; 44.1% in manufacturing and construction, 15.2% services, 12.8% commerce, 8.2% government, 7.2% agriculture, 5.4% com- munication and transportation, 1% mining; 2.6% average unemployed as of 1974, excluding self employed Organized labor: 31% of total labor force; 37.5% of wage and salary earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Germany Type: federal republic Capital: Bonn Political subdivisions: 10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are governed by U.S., U.K., and France which, together with the U.S.S.R., have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitu- tional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament ? Bundesrat (upper house), Bundestag (lower house); President (titular head), Chancellor (executive head); independent judiciary Government leaders: President, Walter Scheel; Chancellor, Helmut Schmidt leads coalition of Social Democrats and Free Democrats Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: usually every 4 years; last election held 19 November 1972 Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU), Helmut Kohl, Franz-Josef Strauss, Karl Carstens, Kurt Biedenkopf; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Heinz Kuehn, Helmut Schmidt; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Hans Friderichs, Wolfgang Mischnick; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP) Voting strength (1972 election): 45.9% SPD, 44.8% CDU/CSU, 8.4% FDP, 0.9% Splinter groups of left and right. (no parliamentary representation) Communists: about 30,000 members and sup- porters Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $383.8 billion (1974), $6,180 per capita (including West Berlin) (1973); 54% consumption, 22% investment, 20% government; net foreign balance 4%; 1974 growth rate 0.4%, 1962 constant prices Agriculture: main crops ? grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient; food shortages ? fats and oils, pulses, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,984 calories per day per capita (1973-74) Fishing: catch 492,970 metric tons, $200 million (1974); exports $109 million, imports $302 million (1974) Major industries: among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles Shortages: fats and oils, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur Crude steel: 60.6 million metric tons capacity; 53.2 million metric tons produced (1974); 860 kilograms per capita Electric power: 65,000,000 kw. capacity (1974); 313 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,660 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $89.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974); manufactures 88.3% (machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products); agricultural products 4.4%; fuels 3.4%; raw materials 2.6% Imports: $69 billion (c.i.f., 1974); manufactures 52.5%, fuels 19.3%, agricultural products 14.0%, raw materials 11.3% Major trade partners: EC 46% (France 12%, Netherlands 12%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8%, Italy 7%; other Europe 17%; U.S. 8%; OPEC 8%; Communist countries 6% 75 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GERMANY, WEST/GHANA Aid: economic ? U.S. $4,162 million authorized (FY46-73); $16 million authorized (FY73); military ? U.S., $939 million authorized (FY46-73), none since FY64; net official aid flows to less developed countries and multilateral agencies (1962-74)-89,394 million, $1,526 million (1974) Budget: (1974) expenditures $51.4 billion, revenues $47.5 billion, deficit $5 billion Monetary conversion rate: DM 2.59 (West German marks)= US$1 (1974 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 21,360 mi.; 18,597 mi. government owned, standard gage (4'8 1/2 "), 7,807 mi. double track; 6,100 mi. electrified; 2,763 mi. non-government owned; 2,498 mi. standard gage; 134 mi. electrified; 265 mi. narrow gage (3'3%"); 116 mi. electrified Highways: 249,200 mi.; 100,875 mi. classified, includes 95,725 mi. cement-concrete, bituminous, or stone block (includes 3,295 mi. of autobahnen); 5,150 mi. gravel, crushed stone, improved earth; in addition, 148,325 mi. of unclassified roads of various surface types Inland waterways: 3,100 mi. of which almost 70% usable by craft of l,100-short-ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil, 1,200 mi.; refined products, 1,000 mi.; natural gas, 59,300 mi. Ports: 10 major, 11 minor Civil air: 167 major transport aircraft Airfields: 438 total, 378 usable; 194 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 12,000 ft., 35 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 36 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 19.3 million telephones; 21.3 million radio and 19.3 million TV receivers; 92 AM, 127 FM, and 1,960 TV stations; 5 submarine cables; 4 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,749,000; 12,357,000 fit for military service; 450,000 reach military age (18) annually GHANA LAND 92,000 sq. mi.; 19% agricultural, 60% forest and brush, 21% other Land boundaries: 1,420 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 n. mi. (undefined protective areas may be proclaimed 76 (See reference map IN seawa d of territorial sea, and up to 100 n. mi. seaward may be proclaimed fishing conservation zone) Coastline: 335 mi. PEOPLE Population: 10,017,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (7/72-7/74) Nationality: noun?Ghanaian(s); adjective? Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: 99.8% Negroid African (major tribes Ashanti, Fante, Ewe), 0.2% European and other Religion: 45% animists, 43% Christian, 12% Muslim Language: English official; African languages include Akan 44%, Mole-Dagbani 16%, Ewe 13%, and Ga-Adangbe 8% Literacy: about 25% (in English) Labor force: 3.4 million; 61% agriculture and fishing, 16.8% industry, 15.2% sales and clerical, 4.1% services, transportation, and communications, 2.9% professional; 400,000 unemployed Organized labor: 350,000 or approximately 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ghana Type: republic; independent since March 1957; Military regime since January 1972 Capital: Accra Political subdivisions: 8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution suspended January 1972; legal education at University of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive and legislative authority vested in Supreme Military Council (SMC); independent judiciary Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDp79-01051A000800010001-8 GHANA/GIBRALTAR Government leaders: Chief of State, Chairman of SMC Colonel I.K. Acheampong Suffrage: universal over 21 under previous constitution, now suspended Elections: no elections since 1969; none scheduled Political parties and leaders: parties banned by military junta which took power 13 January 1972 Communists: a small number of Communists and sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.7 billion (1974) at current prices, about $390 per capita; growth rate 8.7% (1974) Agriculture: main crop ? cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, sorghum and millet, peanuts; not self-sufficient, but can become so Fishing: catch 281,000 metric tons (1972), $45.7 million Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, fishing, aluminum Electric power: 893,000 kw. capacity (1974); 3.5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 380 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $672 million (f.o.b., 1974); cocoa (about 65%), wood, gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, and aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance of payments data) Imports: $713 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., EC, and U.S. Budget: FY74?revenue $532 million, current expenditure $525 million, capital expenditure $157 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cedi = US$0.87 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 592 mi. ? all 3'6" gage; 20 mi. double track; diesel locomotives gradually replacing steam engines Highways: 21,450 mi., 3,000 mi, concrete or bituminous surface, 5,250 mi. gravel or laterite, 3,600 mi. improved earth, 9,300 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 145 mi, of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; additional routes navigable seasonally by small craft; Lake Volta reservoir provides 700 mi. of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: refined products, 2 mi. Ports: 2 major (Tema, Takoradi), 1 naval base (Sekondi), 4 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 19 total, 18 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good system of open-wire and cable, radio-relay links and radiocommunication stations; 52,000 telephones; 1,058,000 radio and 25,500 TV receivers; 3 AM, no FM, and 5 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,248,000; 1,247,000 fit for military service; 114,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $83,336,500; 9.4% of total budget GIBRALTAR (See reference map 110 LAND 2.5 sq. mi. Land boundaries: 1 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 7.5 mi. PEOPLE Population: 30,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun?Gibraltarian(s); adjective? Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish descent Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDp79-01051A000800010001-8 77 Approved For Release 2005104/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GIBRALTAR/GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS Literacy: illiteracy is negligible Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non- Gibraltarian laborers Organized labor: over 6,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Gibraltar Type: U.K. colony Capital: none Legal system: English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral enquiry Branches: parliamentary system comprised of the Gibraltar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown Government leaders: Governor and Commander in Chief, Marshall of the RAF Sir John Grandy, Chief Minister, Sir Joshua Hassan Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other U.K. subjects resident 6 months or more Elections: every 5 years; last held in July 1972 Political parties and leaders: Association for Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR), Sir Joshua Ilassan; Labor, Sir Joshua Hassan; Independents, Peter Isola; Integrationists (IWBP), Maj. Robert Peliza Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: the House- wives Association; the Chamber of Commerce ECONOMY Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year. U.K. military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force; local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance. Electric power: 25,000 kw. capacity (1974); 50 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,500 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.9 million (f.o.b., 1971); principally reexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine; principally to the EC (31%) and the U.K. (16%) Imports: $23.1 million; principally from the EC (21%) and the U.K. (49%) Major trade partners: U.K., Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands Monetary conversion rate: 1 Gibraltar pound= US$2.414 (as of September 28, 1973, floating) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 35 miles, mostly paved Ports: 1 major (Gibraltar) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 permanent-surface runway, 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international radiocom- munication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 7,000 telephones; 7,200 radio receivers; 6,950 TV receivers, 1 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 13 submarine telegraph cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 6,000; about 3,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS ? GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS FIJI ISLANDS (See reference amp VIII) NOTE: The Ellice Islands were separated from the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (GEIC) on 1 October 1975 to form a new colony, Tuvalu, with its capital at Funafuti. The new colony has an 8-member House of Assembly. The Chief Minister is Toalipi Lauti. The remainder of the GEIC has been renamed the Gilbert Islands. LAND About 376 sq. mi. 78 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GILBERT AND ELLICE ISLANDS/GREECE WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. Coastline: about 725 mi. PEOPLE Population: 67,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7/63-7/73) Nationality: noun?Gilbertese, Ellis Islander(s) or Gilbert and Ellis Islander(s); adjective?Gilbertese, Ellis Islander, or Gilbert and Ellis Islander Ethnic divisions: 83.9% Micronesian, 13.9% Polynesian, 0.9% European, 0.1% Chinese, 1.2% mixed and other races Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestants, 42% Catholics Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony Type: British crown colony with large measure of self-government Capital: Tarawa Political subdivisions: 4 districts Branches: 28-member House of Assembly elects a Chief Minister Government leader: Governor John H. Smith; Chief Minister, Naboua Ratieva Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $740 per capita (1974) Agriculture: copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domestic fishing Industry: phosphate production, expected to cease in 1978 Electric power: 15,000 kw. capacity (1974); 38 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 633 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $8.6 million (1970 est.); 70% phosphate, copra Imports: $3.1 million (1970 est.); foodstuffs, fuel Budget: (est.) revenue 5.877 million NZ$, expenditure 4.577 million NZ$ Monetary conversion rate: 0.74 Australian $= US$1 February 1975 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 300 mi. of motorable roads Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling 3 miles, in Northern Line Islands Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: 1 AM broadcast station; 8,100 radio receivers, no TV sets, and 435 telephones; connected with Lisbon, Portugal, via cable broadcasts GREECE (See reference map IV) LAND 51,200 sq. mi.; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other Land boundaries: 740 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. Coastline: 8,500 mi. PEOPLE Population: 9,026,000, average annual growth rate 0.5% (7/70-7/74) Nationality: noun?Greek(s); adjective?Greek Ethnic divisions: 96% Greek, 2% Turkish, 1% Albanian, 1% other Religion: 97% Greek Orthodox, 2.5% Muslim, 0.5% other Language: Greek; English and French widely understood Literacy: males about 92%; females about 73%; total about 82% Labor force: 3,866,000 (1969 est.); 50% agricul- ture, 15% industry, 9% trade, 26% other; unemploy- ment and underemployment, 20% total in all fields; shortage of skilled labor in nonagricultural sectors aggravated by large-scale emigration Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hellenic Republic Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum December 8, 1974 Capital: Athens Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility 79 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GREECE each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition (Thessaloniki and other areas exercise considerable traditional autonomy in local administrative decisions) and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975 Branches: executive consisting of a President (to be elected by Parliament) and a Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative comprising the 300-member Parliament; independent judiciary Government leaders: President Constantine Tsatsos; Prime Minister Constantine Caramanlis Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years; latest November 17, 1974 Political parties and leaders: Center Union-New Forces, George Mavros; New Democracy, Constan- tine Caramanlis; New Democratic Union, Petros Garoufalias; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; Communist Party ? Exterior, Ilarilaos Florakis; Communist Party ? Interior, Haralambos Drakopoulos; and the United Demo- cratic Left, Ilias Iliou?in disarray since the election Voting strength: New Democracy, 216 seats; Center Union-New Forces, 61 seats; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 15 seats; Left, 8 seats Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), EIB (associate), EMA, GATT, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NATO, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WM 0 ECONOMY GNP: $20.3 billion (1974 est.), $2,260 per capita; 65.4% consumption, 32.5% investment, 11.3% government (1973); net foreign balance ?9.2%, real growth rate ?2% (1974) Agriculture: subject to droughts; main crops ? wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages ? livestock products; caloric intake, 2,960 calories per day per capita (1963) Major industries: food processing, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, petroleum refining, aluminum processing Shortages: petroleum, minerals, feed grains Crude steel: 900,000 metric tons produced (1973), 100 kg, per capita Electric power: 3,442,500 kw. capacity (1974); 13.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,059 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,774 million (f.o.b., 1974); principal items ? tobacco, cotton, fruits, textiles 80 Imports: $4,635 million (c.i.f., 1974); principal items ? machinery and automotive equipment, manufactured consumer goods, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, meat and live animals Major trade partners: (January to November 1974) ? 44% EC, 18% U.S., 9% other European countries, 8% CEMA countries Aid: economic (authorized) ? U.S., $1,992.2 million (FY46-73); International Finance Cor- poration, $15 million through FY73; U.N. Technical Assistance, $4.3 million through FY72; U.N. Special Fund, $63.1 million through 1972; IBRD, $118.9 million (FY68-73), $25 million in 1972; Consortium, $40 million in 1966; EC (FY64-72) $69.2 million; U.S.S.R. $7.7 million (1954-74);military ? U.S., $2,337 million (FY1946-73) Budget: (1974) expenditures $4,249 million, revenues $3,506 million, deficit $743 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 drachma =US$0.033 (approx.) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,598 mi.; 969 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2 "), 597 mi. meter gage (31%"), 20 mi. 1'11%" narrow gage, 10 mi. 2'5 1/2 " narrow gage; all government owned Highways: 24,200 mi.; 10,000 mi. paved, 8,500 mi. crushed stone and gravel 3,500 mi. improved earth, 2,200 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: system consists of 3 coastal canals and 3 unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 50 mi. Pipelines: crude oil, 16 mi., refined products, 340 mi. Ports: 17 major, 37 minor Airfields: 68 total, 61 usable; 40 with permanent- surface runways; 17 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 21 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Civil air: 35 major transport aircraft (including 3 withdrawn from service) Telecommunications: adequate modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 1.95 million telephones; 3.0 million radio receivers; 1.1 million TV receivers; 32 AM, 18 FM and 37 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables; 2 communications satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,256,000; 1,728,000 fit for military service; about 75,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $691 million; about 24% of central government budget Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 GREENLAND GREENLAND/GRENADA (See reference reap I) LAND 840,000 sq. mi.; less than 1% arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 84% permanent ice and snow, 15% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 27,400 mi. (approx., includes minor islands) PEOPLE Population: 51,000, average annual growth rate 1.6% (1/72-1/74) Nationality: noun?Greenlander(s); adjective? Greenland Ethnic divisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), 14% Danes Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects Literacy: 99% Labor force: 12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Greenland Type: province of Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish cabinet Capital: Godthaab (administrative center) Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 communes Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and Danish parliament; executive power vested in Crown, acting through provincial governor responsible to Minister for Greenland; local affairs handled by provincial council (Landsrad) subject to approval of provincial governor; 19 lower courts Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Governor N. 0. Christensen Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties: Inuit (advocating close ties with Denmark); Sukaq (moderate socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity) ECONOMY GNP: included in that of Denmark Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce Fishing: catch 51,200 tons (1974); exports $30.8 million (1974) Major industries: mining, slaughtering, fishing, sealing Electric power: 54,000 kw. capacity (1974); 105 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,700 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $90.4 million (f.o.b., 1974); fish and fish products, nonmetallic minerals Imports: $104.0 million (f.o.b., 1974); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: (1974) Denmark 62%, France 12%, Finland 11% Monetary conversion rate: 1 Danish Kroner= US$0.182 (1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 9 major, 23 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft (registered in Denmark) Airfields: 11 total, 7 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 7 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and radio; 7,660 telephones; 7,800 radiobroadcast receivers; 5 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with Denmark GRENADA LAND 133 sq. mi. (Grenada and southern Grenadines); 44% cultivated, 4% pastures, 12% forests, 17% unused but potentially productive, 23% built on, wasteland, other 81 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GRENADA/GUADELOUPE (See reference map II) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n mi. Coastline: 75 mi. PEOPLE Population: 98,000, average annual growth rate 0.6% (4/60-4/70) Nationality: noun?Grenadian(s); adjective? Grenadian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African-Negro descent Religion: Church of England; other Protestant sects; Roman Catholic Language: English; some French patois Literacy: unknown Labor force: 27,314 (1960); 40% agriculture, 30% unemployed or underemployed Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grenada Type: independent state since February 1974, recognizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Georges Political subdivisions: 6 parishes Legal system: based on English common law Branches: legislative branch consists of 10-member elected House of Representatives and 13-member Senate appointed by the Governor; executive branch is cabinet led by Prime Minister Government leaders: Prime Minister Eric Matthew Gairy; U.K. Governor General Leo de Gale Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent general election 28 February 1972 Political parties and leaders: Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Eric Matthew (;airy; Grenada National Party (GNP), Herbert A. Blaize Voting strength (1972 election): GULP 58.7%, GNP 41.3%; Legislative Council seats, GULP 14, (;NP 1 Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, IMF, OAS, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $24 million (in current prices, 1974), $250 per capita; ?1.6% decrease in current prices (1974) Agriculture: main crops ? cocoa, spices, bananas Fishing: 1,800 metric tons (1972) Electric power: 7,000 kw. capacity (1974); 20 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 150 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $8.1 million (f.o.b., 1974); cocoa beans, bananas, nutmeg, mace Imports: $16.3 million (c.i.f., 1974); food, machinery, building materials Major trade partners: U.K. 41%, U.S. 8%, Canada 9% (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 2.00 East Caribbean dollars= US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 600 mi.; 380 mi. paved, 100 mi. otherwise improved; 120 mi. unimproved Ports: 1 major (St. Georges), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 5,000 ft. Telecommunications: automatic, islandwide telephone system with 4,950 telephones; VHF links to Trinidad and Carriacou; 21,000 radios and 150 TV receivers; 3 AM stations GUADELOUPE Caribbean Sea (See reference map II) LAND 687 sq. mi.; 24% cropland, 9% pasture, 4% potential cropland, 16% forest, 47% wasteland, built on; area consists of two islands 82 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1970 GUADELOUPE/GUATEMALA WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 190 mi. PEOPLE Population: 355,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7/72-7/73) Nationality: noun?Guadeloupian(s); adjective? Guadeloupe Ethnic divisions: 90% Negro or Mulatto, less than 5% East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 120,000; 25% agriculture, 25% unemployed Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Guadeloupe Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate Capital: Basse-Terre Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected General Council of 36 members and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Jacques Le Cornec Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National Assembly, normally every 5 years; last General Council election took place in March 1973; local election last held September 1973; last French presidential election in May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Gabriel Lisette; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Henri Bangou; Socialist Party (MSG), leader unknown; Progressive Party of Guadeloupe (PPG), Henri Rodes; Independent Republicans; Federation of the Left Voting strength: MSG, 1 seat in French National Assembly; UDG, 2 seats; (1973 election) Communists: 3,000 est. Other political or pressure groups: Group of National Organization of Guadeloupe (GONG) Member of: WFTU ECONOMY GDP: $302 million (1971), $880 per capita; real growth rate (1971) 5.9% Agriculture: main crops, sugarcane and bananas Major industries: agricultural processing, sugar milling and rum distillation Electric power: 33,000 kw. capacity (1974); 125 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 350 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $58 million (f.o.b., 1974); sugar, bananas, rum Imports: $230 million (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? France 71%, U.S. 17%, Germany 7%, other 5%; imports ? France 70%, U.S. 9%, Germany 3%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Netherlands 3%, other 12% (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs= US$1 (1974) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gage planta- tion lines Highways: 1,260 mi.; 930 mi. paved, 330 mi. gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Pointe-a-Pitre), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable, 7 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic facilities inade- quate; 21,700 telephones; inter-island VHF radio links; 2 AM and 3 TV transmitters; about 30,000 radio and 13,200 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with France GUATEMALA LAND 42,040 sq. mi.; 14% cultivated, 10% pasture, 57% forest, 19% other Land boundaries: 1,010 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi Coastline: 250 mi 83 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GUATEMALA SALVADOR Pacific Ocean (See reference map II) PEOPLE Population: 5,934,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (7/72-7/73) Nationality: noun?Guatemalan(s); adjective? Guatemalan Ethnic divisions: 41.4% Indian, 58.6% Ladino (mestizo and westernized Indian) Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue Literacy: about 30% Labor force (1974): 1.75 million; 65% agriculture, 11.3% manufacturing; 11.2% services, 6.4% to commerce, 2.6% construction, 2.4% transport, 0.2% mining, 0.2% electrical, 0.8% other. Unemployment estimates vary from 3 to 25% Organized labor: 4% of labor force (1974) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guatemala Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Political subdivisions: 22 departments Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of Guatemala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: traditionally dominant executive; elected unicameral legislature; 7-member (minimum) Supreme Court Government leader: President Kjell Laugerud Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates Elections: next elections (President and Congress) 1978 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz; Revolutionary Party (PR), Jorge Garcia-Granados Quinonez (secretary general); National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo (sec. gen.) Voting strength: for President ? MLN-PID 298,953 (44.6%), DCG 228,067 (34.0%), PR 143,111 (21.4%); for congressional seats ? MLN-PID 36, DCG 15, PR 10 Communists: Communist party outlawed; under- ground membership estimated at 750 Other political or pressure groups: outlawed (Communist) Guatemalan Labor Party (PUT), Bernardo Alvarado Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, OAS, ODECA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,660 million (1974, in 1973 prices, est.), $410 per capita; 78% private consumption, 7% government consumption, 17% domestic investment, ?2% net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate (1974), 5.2% Agriculture: main products ? coffee, cotton, corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas, livestock; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 5,000 metric tons (1970); exports $1.6 million (1970), imports $0.5 million (1970) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, metals Electric power: 212,000 kw. capacity (1974); 910 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 170 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $588 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, cotton, sugar, bananas, meat Imports: $685 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: exports (1973)?U.S. 33%, CACM 30%, West Germany 9%, Japan 6%; imports (1973) ? U.S. 31%, CACM 21%, West Germany 10%, Japan 10%, Venezuela 6% Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY46-73), $139 million loans, $191 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $156 million; from other western countries (1960-71), $12.3 million; military? assistance from U.S. (FY53-73), $30 million Central government budget (1975): budgeted expenditures $397.2 Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal= US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year 84 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GUATEMALA/GUINEA COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 592 mi., 30 gage; single-tracked; 520 mi. government owned, 72 mi. privately owned Highways: 7,700 mi., 1,600 mi. bituminous, 3,950 mi. gravel, 2,150 mi. improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 164 mi. navigable year-round; additional 458 mi. navigable during high-water season Pipelines: crude oil, 30 mi. Freight carried: rail (1960) ? 191.8 million ton/miles, 1.1 million tons Ports: 2 major (Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castilla), 3 minor Airfields: 341 total, 337 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 17 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: modern telecom facilities limited to Guatemala City; 57,400 telephones; 360,000 radio and 108,000 TV receivers; 97 AM, 20 FM, and 5 TV stations; connection into Central American microwave net DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,427,000; 879,000 fit for military service; about 65,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $26.4 million; 6.6% of central government budget GUINEA (Sae reference map VI) LAND 95,000 sq. mi.; 3% cropland, 10% forest Land boundaries: 2,160 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 130 n. mi. Coastline: 215 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,474,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun?Guinean(s); adjective? Guinean Ethnic divisions: 99% African (3 major tribes ? Fulani, Malinke, Susu; and 15 smaller tribes) Religion: 75% Muslim, 25% animist, Christian, less than 1% Language: French official; each tribe has own language Literacy: 5% to 10%; French only significant written language Labor force: 1.8 million, of whom less than 10% are wage earners; most of population engages in subsistence agriculture Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confedera- tion of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea Type: republic; under one-party presidential regime Capital: Conakry Political subdivisions: 29 administrative regions, 209 arrondissements, about 8,000 local entities at village level Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and presidential decree; constitution adopted 1958; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive branch dominant, with power concentrated in President's hands and a small group who are both ministers and members of the party's politburo; unicameral National Assembly and judiciary have little independence Government leader: President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has been designated -The Supreme Leader of the Revolution" Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: approximate schedule ? 5 years parliamentary, latest in 1975; 7 years Presidential, latest in 1975 Political parties and leaders: only party is Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), headed by Sekou Toure Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO 85 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GUINEA/GUINEA-BISSAU ECONOMY GDP: about $398 million (1973), $90 per capita Agriculture: cash crops ? coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, and pineapples; staple food crops ? cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas Major industries: alumina, light manufacturing and processing industries, bauxite mining Electric power: 99,700 kw. capacity (1974); 500 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 115 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: export receipts, $49 million (1973); alumina, bauxite, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels Imports: $146 million (1973); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: Communist countries, Western Europe (including France), U.S. Budget: FY72 ordinary budget (est.)?$113 million Monetary conversion rate: 22.7 syli= US$1 (October 1972) Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 500 mi. meter gage, 5 mi. standard gage Highways: 4,725 mi.; 465 mi. paved, 2,610 mi. all weather, 1,650 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,115 mi.; 310 mi. navigable by small oceangoing vessels, 805 mi. navigable by shallow-draft steamers and barges Ports: 1 major (Conakry), 3 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 17 total, 17 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane landing areas Telecommunications: inadequate system of Open- wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and 1 radio-relay link; principal center Conakry, secondary center Kankan; 8,300 telephones; 105,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 924,000; 465,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970 (latest information available), $6,073,000; 8.0% of total budget GUINEA-BISSAU (formerly Portuguese Guinea) LAND 14,000 sq. mi. (includes Bijagos archipelago) Land boundaries: 460 mi. 86 (See reference map VI) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 n. mi. Coastline: 170 mi PEOPLE Population: 509,000, average annual growth rate 1.8% (current) Nationality: noun?Guinean(s); adjective? Guinean Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (Balanta 30%, Fulani 20%, Mandyako 14%, Malinke 13%, and 23% other tribes); less than 1% European and mulatto Religion: 66% animist, 30% Muslim, 4% Christian Language: Portuguese and numerous African languages Literacy: 3% to 5% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in September 1974; constitution promul- gated 1974; government being formed; will establish union with the Republic of Cape Verde Capital: Bissau Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities, 3 circumscriptions (predominantly indigenous popula- tion) Legal system: to be determined Branches: National Popular Assembly to be elected for three-year term; Council of State Commissars, 16 members; the official party is the supreme political institution. Government leaders: President of Council of State and Chief of State is Luis Cabral; Principal Commissar and Head of Government, Francisco Mendes; Secretary General of the Official party, Aristides Pereira Suffrage: Universal over age 18 Elections: None held to date Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GUINEA-BISSAU/GUYANA Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party; Front de Lutte pour l'Independence Nationale de la Guinea (FLING), a largely dormant, loose coalition of nationalist elements opposed the PAIGC, leadership fragmented Communists: none known Member of: U.N., UPU ECONOMY GNP: $107 million (1969, in 1963 constant prices), $200 per capita Agriculture: main crops?palm oil, root crops, rice, coconuts, peanuts Electric power: 10,742 kw. capacity (1974); 3 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 6 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $3.6 million (f.o.b., 1969); principally peanuts, coconuts Imports: $23.3 million (c.i.f., 1969); manufactured goods, fuels, transport equipment, rice Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, also immediate neighbors Aid: Portugal, small amounts Monetary conversion rate: 25.5 escudos= US$1, (fixed, February 1973) Fiscal year: probably is the calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 2,000 mi. (260 mi. bituminous, remainder earth) Inland waterways: 994 mi. Ports: 1 major (Bissau), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 60 total, 60 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: limited system of open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; 2,700 telephones; 9,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 115,000; 64,000 fit for military service GUYANA LAND 83,000 sq. mi.; 1% cropland, 3% pasture, 8% savanna, 66% forested, 22% water, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 1,600 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 285 mi. Atlantic Ocean (See reference MO PEOPLE Population: 800,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun?Guyanese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Guyanese Ethnic divisions: 51% East Indians, 43% Negro and Negro mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2% white and Chinese Religion: 57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1% other Language: English Literacy: 86% Labor force: 201,000; about 25% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 16% services, 11% commerce, 3% mining and quarrying, 10% other; 21% unemployed Organized labor: 34% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cooperative Republic of Guyana Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Georgetown Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers presided over by Prime Minister; 53-member unicameral legislative National Assembly (elected); Supreme Court Government leader: Prime Minister L. F. S. Burnham Suffrage: universal over age 18 as of constitutional amendment August 1973 Elections: last held in July 1973; next election must be called within 5 years Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), L.F.S. Burnham; People's Progres- sive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan; United Force (UF), Fcilden Singh Voting strength (1973 election): 70.2% PNO, 26.2% PPP, 3.6% other 87 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 GUYANA/HAITI Communists: est. 100 hard-core within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank and file is non-Communist Other political or pressure groups: Liberator Party (LP), Guyana National Liberation Front (GNLF), People's Democratic Movement (PDM), African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (ASCRIA), Afro-Asian-American Association (AAAA) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAS (observer), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $415.2 million (1974), $520 per capita; real growth rate 1973 est. ?3.1% Agriculture: main crops ? sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages ? wheat flour, potatoes, processed meat, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,180 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 17,600 metric tons (1972), $10 million (1972); exports $4.8 million (1972), imports $1.2 million (1971) Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina production, sugar and rice milling Electric power: 120,000 kw. capacity (1974); 370 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 470 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $268 million (f.o.b., 1974); bauxite, sugar, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, diamonds, rum Imports: $256 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactures, machinery, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports?U.S. 25%, U.K. 20%, CARICOM 14%, Canada 4.5%; imports?U.S. 26%, U.K. 21%, CARICOM 27%, Canada 5% (1974) Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY53-73), $58 million loans, $26 million grants; from U.K. (FY60-70), $73.9 million; from China (1972-73), $26.0 million extended; from international organizations (FY46-73), $41 million Monetary conversion rate: floating with pound, 1 pound =G$5.21 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 103 mi., all single track; 85 mi. 3'0" gage, 18 mi. 3'6" gage Highways: 2,200 mi.; 500 mi. paved, 1,000 mi. otherwise improved, 700 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: 3,700 mi.; Demerara River navigable to Mackenzie by ocean steamers, others by ferryboats, small craft only Ports: 1 major (Georgetown), 3 minor 88 Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 96 total, 89 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 12 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with radio relay network and over 18,900 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 280,000 radio receivers, 2 AM and 1 FM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 180,000; 143,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1971, $2.65 million; 2.7% of central government budget HAITI Atlantic Ocean (See reference map 11) LAND 10,700 sq. mi.; 31% cultivated, 18% rough pastures, 7% forested, 44% unproductive Land boundary: 224 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing 15 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,100 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,615,000, average annual growth rate 1.7% (8/73-8/74) Nationality: noun?Haitian(s); adjective?Haitian Ethnic divisions: over 90% Negro, nearly 10% mulatto, few whites Religion: 10% Protestant, 75% to 80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo) Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 HAITI/HONDURAS Literacy: 10% to 12% Labor force: 2.6 million (est. January 1968); 86% agriculture, 12% industry, 2% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant Organized labor: less than 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Haiti Type: republic under the 14-year dictatorship of Francois Duvalier who was succeeded upon his death on 21 April 1971 by his son, Jean-Claude Capital: Port-au-Prince Political subdivisions: 5 departments (despite constitutional provision for 9) Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; constitution adopted 1964 and amended 1971; legal education at State University in Port-au-Prince and private law colleges in Cap-Haitien, Les Cayes, Gonaives, and Jeremie; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: lifetime President, unicameral 58- member legislature of very limited powers, judiciary appointed by President Government leader: President-for-life Jean-Claude Duvalier Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: constitution as amended in 1971 provides for lifetime president to be designated by his predecessor and ratified by electorate in plebiscite; legislative elections, which are held every 6 years, last held February 1973 Political parties: National Unity Party, only legal party; United Haitian Communist Party (PUGH), illegal (Communist) Voting strength (1967 legislative elections): 100% National Unity Party (Duvalier) Communists: strength unknown; party leaders believed in exile Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $816 million (FY74), $160 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 3.5% Agriculture: main crops ? coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, pulses; caloric intake, 1,850 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, bauxite mining, tourism, light assembly industries Electric power: 64,440 kw. capacity (1974); 162 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 30 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $71 million (fob., 1974); coffee, light industrial products, bauxite, sugar, essential oils, sisal Imports: $74 million (c.i.f., 1973); consumer durables, foodstuffs, industrial equipment, petroleum products, construction materials Major trade partners: exports-72% U.S.; imports?U.S. 56% (FY72) Aid: economic ? from U.S., $38 million loans, $97 million grants (FY46-73); international organizations, $42 million (FY46-73); from other Western countries (1960-71) $2.4 million; military ? U.S,, $4 million (FY53-73) Monetary conversion rate: 5 gourdes= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 50 mi. 2'6" gage, single-track, privately owned industrial line; 5 mi. dual-gage 2'6"-3'6"; government line, dismantled Highways: 2,000 mi.; 400 mi. paved, 600 mi. otherwise improved, 1,000 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: negligible; about 60 mi. navigable Ports: 2 major (Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitian), 12 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 16 total, 15 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: all domestic facilities inadequate, international facilities slightly better; telephone expansion program underway; only 9,500 telephones, 300,000 radio and 13,400 TV receivers, 32 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station; COMSAT station under construction DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,259,000; 669,000 fit for military service; about 52,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1975, $8.0 million; about 20% of operational budget HONDURAS LAND 43,300 sq. mi.; 27% forested, 30% pasture, 36% waste and built-up, 7% cropland Land boundaries: 950 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 510 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,786,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% (4/61-3/74) Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 89 Approved For Release 2005/04122 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 HONDURAS Caribbean Sea (See reference map 11) Nationality: noun?Honduran(s); adjective? Honduran Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo, 7% Indian, 2% Negro, and 1% white Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 57,4% of persons 10 years of age and over (est. 1970) Labor force: approx. 900,000 (est. mid-1972); 66% agriculture, 12% services, 8% manufacturing, 5% commerce, 6% unemployed, 3% unspecified Organized labor: 7% to 10% of labor force (mid- 1972) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Honduras Type: republic Capital: Tegucigalpa Political subdivisions: 18 departments Legal system: based on Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common law; constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of Honduras in Tegucigalpa; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: constitution provides for elected President, unicameral legislature, and national judicial branch Government leader: Juan Alberto Me!gar Castro Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: no general election scheduled Political parties and leaders: all parties, even legal ones, are dormant at present; Liberal Party (PLH), Modesto Rodas Alvarado, Carlos Roberto Reina Idiaguez, Jorge Bueso Arias; National Party (PNH), Alejandro Lopez Cantarero, Ricardo Zuniga Augustinus; Mario Rivera Lopez, Martin Aquero; Popular Progressive Party (PPP) (uninscribed), Gonzalo Carias Castillo; National Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) (uninscribed), Miguel Andonie January 1976 Fernandez; Workers Party of Honduras (PTH) (Communist) (uninscribed), Rogue Ochoa; Com- munist Party of Honduras/Soviet (PCH/S-outlawed), Dionisio Ramos Bejarano; Communist Party of Honduras/China (PCH/C-outlawed), Agapito Robledo Castro Voting strength (1971 elections): National Party (PNH) 306,028; Liberal Party (PLH) 276,777 Communists: about 800; 2,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH); Council of Honduran Private Enterprise (COHEP); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH) Member of: CACM, FAO, 1ADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $850 million (1974, in 1973 prices, est.), $300 per capita; 78% private consumption, 11% government consumption, 26% domestic investment; ?15% net foreign balance (1973); real growth rate, aver. 1971-73, 4.3% Agriculture: main crops ? bananas, coffee, corn, beans, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1964-65) Fishing: exports $1.7 million (1972); imports $0.5 million (1970) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, clothing, wood products Electric power: 166,000 kw. capacity (1974); 410 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 140 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $302 million (f.o.b., 1974); bananas, lumber, coffee, meat, petroleum products Imports: $379 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 56%, West Germany 12%, CACM 7%; imports ? U.S. 40%, CACM 12%, Japan 10%, Venezuela 8%, West Germany 4% (1973) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $74 million loans, $70 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $205 million; from other Western countries (1960-73), $7.0 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY46-73), $10.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 lempiras= US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 357 mi.; 202 mi. of 3'6" gage, 155 mi. of 3'0" gage 90 Approved For Release 2005/04122 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 HONDURAS/HONG KONG Highways: 5,400 mi.; 700 mi. bituminous surfaced, 1,550 mi. gravel surfaced or improved earth, 3,150 unimproved earth Inland waterways: 750 mi. navigable by small craft Ports: 3 major (Puerto Cortes, La Caiba, Tela), 9 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 247 total, 222 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 8 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: improved, but still inade- quate; connection into Central American microwave net; 15,000 telephones; 300,000 radio and 46,000 TV receivers; 96 AM, 11 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 707,000; 414,000 fit for military service; about 29,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $17.3 million; about 8.8% of central government budget (includes the armed forces and other military) HONG KONG LAND 400 sq. mi.; 14% arable, 10% (See reference wep forested, 76% other (mainly grass, shrub, steep hill country) Land boundaries: 15 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 455 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,354,000, average annual growth rate 1.6% (7/71-7/74) Nationality: adjective?Hong Kong Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other Religion: 10% Christian, 90% eclectic mixture of local religions Language: Chinese, English Literacy: 75% Labor force (1971 est.): 1.58 million; 43% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% construction, mining, quarrying and utilities, 13% commerce, 4% agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and hunting, 7% communications, 2% other; underemployment is a serious problem Organized labor: 12% of 1969 labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Hong Kong Type: U.K. crown colony Capital: Victoria Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Executive Council; he legislates with advice and consent of Legislative Council; Urban Council which alone includes elected representatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement; independent judiciary Government leader: C. M. MacLehose, Governor and Commander in Chief Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 professional or skilled persons Elections: every 2 years to select one-half of elected membership of Urban Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor Political parties and leaders: Civic Association, Hu Pai-fu; Reform Club, B. A. Bernacchi; Socialist Democratic Party, Sun Po-kong; Hong Kong Labour Party, Tang Hon-tsai Voting strength: (elected Urban Council members) Civic Association 4, Reform Club 3, and 1 independent Communists: an estimated 2,000 hard core cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese dominated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries, Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong Member of: ADB, WCL ECONOMY GDP: $5.9 billion (1974, in 1973 prices), $1,370 per capita (est.); average real growth 6.1% (1970-74) Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products ? rice, vegetables, Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 91 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 HONG KONG/HUNGARY dairy products; less than 20% self-sufficient; food shortages ? rice, wheat Major industries: textiles and clothing, tourism, plastics, electronics, light metal products, food processing Shortages: industrial raw materials, water, food Electric power: 2,335,000 kw. capacity (1974); 6.5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,510 kw,-hr. per capita Exports: $6.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974), including $1.5 billion reexports; principal products clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufactures Imports: $7.0 billion (c.i.f., 1974) Major trade partners: 1974 exports?U.S. 26%, U.K. 10%, West Germany 8%; imports?Japan 21%, China 18%, U.S. 14% Budget: (75/76) $1.27 billion Monetary conversion rate: HK$5.085= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Ports: I 1 major Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern facilities provide domestic and international services; excellent broadcast coverage provided by wired and radio broadcast stations; closed-circuit TV and TV broadcast facilities; 913,411 telephones; 2.5 million radio receivers; 100,000 wired-speakers; 1 FM, 2 AM stations; wired-radiobroadcast network; 2 TV stations, 2 closed-circuit TV networks; 2 satellite ground stations; radio relay to Taiwan/Philippines; new coaxial cable link to Canton; 5 submarine cables; Taiwan submarine cable planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,081,000; 839,000 fit for military service; about 53,000 reach military age (18) annually Defense is the responsibility of U.K. Ships: Hong Kong Marine Police, 38 police boats; U.K. naval ships homeported in the U.K. operate in the Indian Ocean, Gulf, and Far East; they rotate assignments within the area; one destroyer escort permanently assigned as the Hong Kong guard ship; a varied number of auxiliary/service craft are assigned to the Commander !Tong Kong HUNGARY LAND 35,900 sq. mi.; 60% arable, 14% other agricultural, 16% forested, 10% other 92 Land boundaries: 1,395 mi. PEOPLE Population: 10,572,000, average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun?Hungarian(s); adjective? Hungarian Ethnic divisions: 93.3% Magyar, 2.5% German, 2.4% Gypsy, 0.7% Jews, 1.1% other Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other Language: 98.2% Magyar, 1.8% other Literacy: 97% Labor force: 5,073,600 (1 January 1974); 23% agriculture, 44% industry and building, 16% trade and transport, 17% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hungarian Peoples Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Budapest Political subdivisions: 19 megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county status, 97 jaras (districts) Legal system: based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Supreme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and 2 other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive ? Presidential Council (elected by Parliament); legislative ? Parliament (elected by direct suffrage); judicial ? Supreme Court (elected by Parliament) Government leaders: Gyorgy Lazar, Chairman, Council of Ministers; Pal Losonczi, President, Presidential Council Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; national and local elections are held separately (See reference map IV Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 HUNGARY/ICELAND Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers Party (sole party); Janos Kadar is First Secretary of Central Committee Voting strength (1975 election): 7,497,061 (99.6%) for Communist-approved candidates; 30,108 (0.4%) invalid and negative votes; total eligible electorate about 7.76 million; next elections will be held in 1980 Communists: about 754,000 party members (March 1975) Member of: CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: 21.3 billion in 1974 (at 1973 prices), $2,030 per capita; 1974 growth rate 5.4% Agriculture: normally self-sufficient; main crops ? corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes; caloric intake 3,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Major industries: mining, metallurgy, engineering industries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals) Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil Crude steel: 3.47 million metric tons produced (1974), 330 kg. per capita Electric power: 3,760,000 kw. capacity (1974); 18.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,810 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $5,129 million (f.o.b., 1974); 28% machinery, 19% industrial consumer goods, 28% raw materials and semimanufactures, 24% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 1% (distribution for 1974) Imports: $5,575 million (1974); 21% machinery, 9% industrial consumer goods, 52% raw materials and semimanufactures; 11% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 7% (distribution for 1974) Major trade partners: $10,704 million (1974); 62% with Communist countries, 38% with non-Commu- nist countries Aid: U.S.S.R. ? $338 million extended (1956-66), $10 million extended in 1967, $167 million extended in 1968; to less developed non-Communist countries- -$537.5 million (1954-74) Monetary conversion rate: 8.5 forints =US$1 (statistical); 20.4 forints = US$1 (noncommercial) as of 1 March 1975 Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years NOTE: Foreign trade figures were converted at the 1974 rate of 9.15 forints= US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,353 route mi.; 4,593 mi. standard gage, 738 mi. narrow gage (mostly 2'5%"), 22 mi. broad gage (5'0"), 720 mi. double track, 755 mi. electrified; government owned (1973) Highways: 18,516 mi.; 478 mi. concrete, 11,992 mi. bituminous, 236 mi, stone block, 5,157 mi. gravel, 652 mi. earth (1973) Pipelines: crude oil, 700 mi.; refined products, 180 mi.; natural gas, over 1,600 mi. Inland waterways: 1,049 mi. (1975) Freight carried: rail-142.8 million short tons (1974), 15.8 billion short ton/mi. (1974); highway- 535.7 million short tons, 5.3 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway?est. 15.6 million short tons, 5.7 billion short ton/mi. incl. intl, transit traffic (1974) River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, East Germany, and Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,662,000; 2,144,000 fit for military service; about 78,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 11.3 billion forints; about 3.5% of total budget ICELAND (See reference map (VI LAND 39,750 sq. mi.; arable negligible, 22% meadows and pastures, forested negligible, 78% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 n. mi. (fishing, 50 n. mi., effective 1 September 1972) Coastline: 3,100 mi. 93 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 ICELAND PEOPLE Population: 220,000, average annual growth rate 1.3% (12/69-12/74) Nationality: noun?Icelander(s); adjective? Icelandic Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation Language: Icelandic Literacy: 99% Labor force: 85,000; 22.6% agriculture and fishing; 25.6% mining and manufacturing; 10.7% construction; 12.8% commerce; 7.8% transportation and communications; 15.2% services; and 5.7% other; unemployment is insignificant Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iceland Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Political subdivisions: 23 rural districts, 215 parishes, 14 incorporated towns Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ j urisdiction Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts Government leaders: President Kristjan Eldjarn; Prime Minister Geir Hallgrimsson Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in (1978); presidential, every 4 years (next in 1976) Political parties and leaders: Independence (conservative), Geir Hallgrimsson; Progressive, Olafur ohannesson ; Social Democratic, Benedikt Grondal; People's Alliance (Communist front), Ragnar Arnalds; Organization of Liberals and Leftists, Magnus Torfi Olafsson Voting strength (1974 election): 42.7% Independ- ence, 24.9% Progressive, 9.1% Social Democratic, 18.3% People's Alliance, organization of leftists and liberals 4.6% Communists: est. 2,200; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 18,055 votes cast for Labor Alliance in 1971 election Member of: Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fishing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, 1110, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1,330 million (1974), $6,190 per capita; 66% consumption, 35% investment, 11% government, ?12% net foreign balance (1974); 1974 growth rate 4.3%, constant prices Agriculture: cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, potatoes, turnips; food shortages ? grains, sugar, vegetable and other fibers; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Fishing: catch 938,486 metric tons; exports $246 million (1974) Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production Shortages: grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers Electric power: 468,629 kw. capacity (1974); 2.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 7,750 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $329 million (f.o.b., 1974); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite Imports: $526 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: (1974) exports?U.S. 22%, EC 29%, U.S.S.R. 8%; imports?EC 45%, U.S. 8%, U. S. S. R. 9% Aid: economic ? U.S. authorized (1949-73) $90.2 million, $1.2 million in FY72, $0.9 million in FY73; IBRD $30 million through September 1973 Budget: (1974) expenditures $294 million, revenues $292 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 kronur= US$0.0100 (average, 1974); 90.135 kronur = US$1 (1973); 99.952 kronur = US$1 (1974) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,905 mi.; 4,760 mi. crushed stone (including lava) and gravel, 2,055 mi. unsurfaced roads and motorable tracks, 90 mi. concrete or paved Ports: 4 major (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur), and about 50 minor Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft registered Airfields: 111 total, 107 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 13 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication system; 87,500 telephones; 78,000 radio and 53,500 TV receivers; 17 AM, 14 FM, and 82 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 53,000; 48,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service) 94 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 INDIA INDIA (See reference map VII) LAND 1,211,000 sq. mi. (includes Indian part of Jammu- Kashmir, Sikkim, Goa, Damao and Diu); 50% arable, 5% permanent meadows and pastures, 20% desert, waste, or urban, 22% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 7,880 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.; additional 100 mi, is fisheries conservation zone, December 1968; archipelago concept baselines) Coastline: 4,378 mi. (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 607,959,000 (including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed Jammu-Kashmir), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun?Indian(s); adjective?Indian Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 10.7% Muslim, 1.8% Sikh, 2.6% Christian, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.7% other Language: 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; English enjoys -associate- status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindu- stani, a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India Literacy: males 39%; females 18%; both sexes 29% (1971 census) Labor force: about 184 million; 70% agriculture, more than 10% unemployed and underemployed; shortage of skilled labor is significant and unemployment is rising Organized labor: about 2.5% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of India Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Political subdivisions: 22 states, 9 union territories Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: parliamentary government, national and state; independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national and state elections ordinarily held every 5 years; may be postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; next general election due by March 1976 but may be postponed because of a national emergency declared on June 26, 1975; most states to hold state elections in 1977 Political parties and leaders: Indian National Congress split into two factions in 1969, largest faction (the Ruling Congress) loyal to Prime Minister Gandhi led by D. K. Barooah, and dwindling faction (the Organization Congress) led by Ashoka Mehta; Communist Party of India (CPI), S. A. Dange, chairman; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), P. Sundarayya, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ ML), L. K. Advani, chairman; Bharatiya Jana Sangh, A. B. Vajpayee, president; The Socialist Party, George Fernandes, chairman; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), N. Karunanidhi, president; Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD), Charan Singh, chairman Voting strength (1971 election): 43.7% Ruling Congress, 10.5% Organization Congress, 7.4% Bharatiya Jana Sangh, 3.1% Swatantra, 4.8% CPI, 5.2% CPI/M, 3.5% Socialist Parties, 3.7% DMK, 18.1% other Communists: 90,000 members of CPI (est.), 85,000 members of CPI/M (est.); Communist sympathizers, 13 million Other political or pressure groups: Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADM K ), M. G. Rama- chandran, president, opposing DMK in Tamil Nadu; splintered Akali Dal representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; various separatist groups seeking reorganization of states; numerous -senas- or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena and Dalit Panthers in Bombay, the Anand Marg, and the Rashtriya Swayamserak Sangh 95 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 INDIA/INDONESIA Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $66 billion (1974, in 1973 prices), $112 per capita; real growth 1.4% (FY70-74), 1% est. Agriculture: main crops ? rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, and coffee; must import foodgrains; caloric intake is low and diet is deficient in protein Fishing: catch 2.3 million metric tons (FY73); value of fish catch, $357 million (FY73); exports $114 million (FY73), imports $2 million Major industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machinery, transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures Crude steel: 7 million metric tons produced (FY74) Electric power: 19,480,000 kw. capacity (1974); 73.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 124 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4.1 billion (f.o.b., FY74); tea, jute manufactures, iron ore, cotton textiles, leather and leather products, sugar Imports: $5.5 billion (c.i.f., FY74); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, grains and flour, fertilizers Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, Japan, Iran Budget: (FY75) revenue expenditures $7.4 billion, capital expenditures $4.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 8.77 rupees= US$1 (October 1975) Fiscal year: 1 April, stated year ? 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 38,076 mi.; 16,259 mi. meter (3'3%") gage, 18,892 mi. broad gage, 2,796 mi. (2'6" and 2'0") narrow gage government owned; 129 mi. 2'6" and 2'0" gage privately owned; 7,300 mi. double track; 2,485 mi. electrified Highways: 795,607 mi.; 148,621 mi. paved, 111,876 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 216,044 mi. improved earth, 319,066 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,750 mi.; 1,600 mi. navigable by river steamers Pipelines: crude oil, 794 nil.; refined products, 1,163 mi.; natural gas, 223 mi. Ports: 8 major, 80 minor Civil air: 86 major transport aircraft Airfields: 374 total, 348 usable; 181 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 52 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 118 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: fair domestic telephone service where available; telegraph facilities wide- spread; AM broadcast adequate; TV limited to Bombay and New Delhi; international radio communications adequate; 1,590,000 telephones; 14,033,919 radio and 75,000 TV sets; about 124 AM stations at 80 locations, 6 TV stations, one earth satellite station; submarine cables extend to Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Aden DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 141,619,000; 73,295,000 fit for military service; about 6,400,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $3.1 billion; 22% of total budget INDONESIA SOUTH VIETNAM oath China ALAYSIA INSAPO PHILIPPINES Pacific Orearr (See reterence map VII) LAND 736,000 sq. mi.; 12% small holdings and estates, 64% forests, 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 1,700 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): under an archipelago theory, claim is 12 n. mi., measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands Coastline: 34,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 132,598,000 (including West Irian), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun?Indonesian(s); adjective? Indonesian Ethnic divisions: 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% Coastal Malays, 26% other 96 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 INDONESIA/IRAN Religion: 90% Muslim, 4% Christian, 2% Buddhist, 2% Hindu, 2% other Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay) official; English, and Dutch leading foreign languages Literacy: 60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group Labor force: 44 million; 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 15% miscellaneous and unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Indonesia Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Political subdivisions: 26 first-level administrative subdivisions or provinces which are further subdivided into 281 second-level areas Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of cabinet; cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (Parliament), of 460 members (100 appointed, 360 elected); second and larger body (Congress) of 920 members and includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected) elects President and Vice President, and theoretically determines national policy Government leader: President Suharto (elected by Congress March 1973) Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party- based on functional groups), Amir Moertono; Indonesian Democratic Party (federation of former Nationalist and Christian parties), Mohammed Isnaeni; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), Idham Chalid Voting strength (1971 election): Golkar 236 seats, Indonesian Democratic 30, Unity Development 94 Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hard-core membership has been estimated at 1.5 million Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU,OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $20 billion (1974), about $160 per capita; real average annual growth (1970-74) 7.8% Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops ? rice, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortage ? rice Fishing: catch 1.3 million tons (1972); exports $20 million (1972), imports $0.3 million (1970) Major industriesvrocessing agricultural products and petroleum, textiles, mining Electric power: 1,630,000 kw. capacity (1974); 4.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 33 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $7,426 million (c.i.f., 1974); timber, rubber, tin, copra, tea, coffee, tobacco, palm oil; petroleum, $5,211 million (424 million bbls.) (1974) Imports: $3,842 million (f.o.b., 1974); rice, other foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables Major trade partners: exports (1974)-20% U.S., 54% Japan, 8% Singapore, 2% Netherlands; imports-16% U.S., 30% Japan, 9% West Germany, 6% Singapore Budget: (1975-76) expenditures $6.6 billion; 54% current, 46% development expenditures; planned receipts $6.5 billion, negligible deficit Monetary conversion rate: 415 rupiah =US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,364 mi.; 3,990 mi. 3'6" gage, 317 mi. 2'5 1/2 " gage, 57 mi. l'11%" gage; 132 mi. double track; 74 mi, electrified; government owned Highways: 57,460 mi.; 12,600 mi. paved, 25,200 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 19,660 mi. improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 13,410 mi.; Sumatra 3,400 mi., Java and Madura 510 mi., Borneo 6,500 mi., Celebes 150 mi., and Irian Barat 2,850 mi. Ports: 10 major, 63 minor Civil air: 88 major transport aircraft (includes 2 leased) Airfields: 327 total, 270 usable; 49 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 63 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: extensive police net for interisland service; international and domestic service fair but improving; radiobroadcast coverage adequate but TV limited to Java only; 268,963 telephones; 5 million radio and 293,000 TV sets; 137 AM, 1 FM, and 12 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station on Java; 2 submarine cables to Singapore no longer in service IRAN LAND 636,000 sq. mi.; 14% agricultural, 11% forested, 16% cultivable with adequate irrigation, 51% desert, waste, or urban, 8% migratory grazing and other 97 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 PAKISTAN Land boundaries: 3,305 mi. (See reference map VI IRAN WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing, 50 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,980 mi., including islands, 420 mi. PEOPLE Population: 33,683,000, average annual growth rate 3.0% (7/70-7/73) Nationality: noun?Iranian(s); adjective?Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% Ethnic Persians, 3% Kurds, 13% other Iranian, 18% Turkic, 3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Baha'is Language: Farsi (Persian), Turki, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: about 37% of those 7 years of age and older (1972 est.) Labor force: 9.8 million est. 1975; 41% agriculture, 20% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor substantial GOVERNMENT Legal name: Empire of Iran Type: constitutional monarchy, controlled by the Shah Capital: Tehran Political subdivisions: 19 providnces and 3 chief- governorates, subdivided into districts, sub-districts, counties, and villages Legal system: based largely on French law, with elements drawn from other continental systems; personal law based on Islamic practice generally with residual traces of Roman law; constitution adopted 1906 and constitutional law of 1907; High Court of Appeal may judge disputes relating to government departments acting according to law; legal education at University of Teheran; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction 98 Branches: executive power rests in Shah who appoints a Prime Minister; Prime Minister must be approved by lower house (Majlis); while Cabinet theoretically responsibility of Prime Minister, Shah usually exerts strong influence over its selection; bicameral legislature; Majlis has 268 members elected to 4-year terms, and Senate 60 members serving 4-year terms; half of Senate members appointed by Shah, other half elected; no provision for judicial review of constitutionality of legislative acts Government leaders: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Prime Minister Amir Abas Floveyda Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: Majlis every 4 years; Senate every 4 years; latest national elections June 1975, next district and municipal elections in 1976 Political parties and leaders: a single party system, designated The Resurgence Party of the People of Iran (RPPI) with Prime Minister Amir Abbas floveyda as Secretary-General, was formed by Shah in March 1975; all other political parties disbanded Voting strength: all candidates government approved and members of the RPPI Communists: 1,000-2,000 (hard-core, est.); sympa- thizers (15,000-20,000 est.); mostly pro-U.S.S.R. but pro-Chinese faction developing Other political or pressure groups: Tudeh Party (Communist, illegal); National Front (coalition of neutralist urban elements virtually discredited because of opposition to Shah's reform program); Confederation of Iranian Students (illegal) Member of: CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, If10, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU,ITU, OPEC, RCD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $36.4 billion (1974, in 1973 dollars), $1,130 per capita; recent GNP growth Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dates, raisins, tea, tobacco, sheep, and goats Electric power: 3,172,000 kw. capacity (1974); 12.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 395 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $24.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974); 97% petroleum; also carpets, raw cotton, fruits, and nuts, hide and leather items, ores Imports: (non-military) $5.7 billion (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, iron and steel products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment, agricultural products Major trade partners: exports ? U.S., Japan, West Germany, U.S.S.R. and other Communist countries; imports ? U.S., West Germany, Japan, U.K., U. S.S. R. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 IRAN/IRAQ Budget: (FY74-75) $18.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: 67.88 rials = US$1 Fiscal year: 21 March -20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,373 mi. 48?" gage, 57 mi. 5'6" gage Highways: 27,000 mi.; 7,500 mi. bituminous and bituminous treatment, 14,250 mi. gravel and crushed stone, 5,250 mi. improved earth Inland waterways: 565 mi., excluding the Caspian Sea, 64.6 mi. on the Shatt at Arab Pipelines: crude oil, 1,640 mi.; refined products, 2,235 mi.; natural gas, 1,440 mi. Ports: 7 major, 6 minor Civil air: 36 major transport aircraft Airfields: 163 total, 154 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 11 with runways over 12,000 ft., 17 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 57 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: advanced system of high- capacity radio-relay links, open-wire lines, cables, and tropospheric links; principal center Tehran, secondary centers Isfahan, Meshed, and Tabriz; 552,500 telephones; 2.0 million radio and 1.0 million TV receivers; 31 AM, 1 FM, and 67 TV stations; satellite earth station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,687,000; 4,553,000 fit for military service; about 340,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1976, $9.2 billion est; 36% of general budget IRAQ (See reference map VI LAND 172,000 sq. mi.; 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing land, 4% forest and woodland Land boundaries: 2,280 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 36 mi. PEOPLE Population: 11,210,000, average annual growth rate 3.4% (10/73-10/74) Nationality: noun?Iraqi(s); adjective?Iraqi Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs, 18.3% Kurds, 0.7% Assyrians, 2.4% Turkomans, 7.7% other Religion: 90% Muslim, 8% Christian, 2% other Language: Arabic, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish Literacy: 20% to 40% Labor force: 2.4 million; 70% agriculture, 6.5% industry, 6.7% government, 16.8% other; rural underemployment high, but not serious because low subsistence levels make it easy to care for unemployed; severe shortage of technically trained personnel Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iraq Type: republic; National Front Government consisting of Baath Party (BPI), and Iraq Communist Party (CPI) formed in July 1973 (Kurds invited to join National Front government but have refused pending solution of Kurdish autonomy issue; Communists play nominal role in government) Capital: Baghdad Political subdivisions: 16 provinces under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution adopted in 1968; judicial review was suspended; legal education at University of Baghdad; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Bath Party of Iraq has been in power since 1968 coup Government leaders: President Ahmad Hasan al- Bakr; Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Saddam Husayn 'Abd-al-Majid al-Tikriti Suffrage: no elective bodies exist Elections: no national elections since overthrow of monarchy in 1958 Communists: Communist Party allowed token representation in cabinet; est. 2,000 hard-core Political or pressure groups: political parties banned, possibly some opposition to regime from disaffected members of the regime and army officers Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, 99 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 IRAQ/IRELAND Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFT11, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $13 billion (1975 est.), $1,180 per capita Agriculture: dates, wheat, barley, rice, livestock Major industry: crude petroleum (third largest producer in Middle East); 2.3 million b/d (mid- 1975); petroleum revenues estimated for 1974, $7.1 billion Electric power: 958,000 kw. capacity (1974); 4.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), :393 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $7.4 billion (1974); net receipts from oil, $7.1 billion; non-oil, $100 million est. Imports: $2.9 billion (1974); 26% from Com- munist countries (1973) Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 2%, Italy 22%, France 19%, Netherlands 6%, U.K. 4%; imports ? U.S. 5.6%, U.K. 8.5%, U.S.S.R. 8.8%, France 8.4%, Japan 6.7%, Brazil 5.9%, Czechoslovakia 5.5% (1973) Budget (FY74/75 est.): revenue $6.0 billion (oil rev. $5.4 billion), expenditures $6.3 billion, of which current expenditures are $4.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Iraqi dinar =US$3.38 (end of July 1973) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March, FY75 1 April ? 31 December 1975 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,057 mi.; 698 mi. 481/2" gage, 359 mi. meter (3'3%") gage; 10 mi. meter gage double track Highways: 12,900 mi.; 4,000 mi. paved; 2,900 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 6,000 mi. earth and sand tracks Inland waterways: 635 mi.; Shatt al Arab navigable by maritime traffic for about 65 mi.; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers Ports: 3 major (Basra, Umm Qasr, Al Faw) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,660 mi.; 25 mi. refined products; 430 mi. natural gas Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Airfields: 89 total, 72 usable; 24 with permanent- surface runways; 43 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 15 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: network consists of open- wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 129,400 telephones; 1.25 million radio receivers; 350,000 TV receivers; 5 TV and 7 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,491,000; 1,392,000 fit for military service; about 120,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1975, $797,228,700; 12.9% of total budget 100 IRELAND (See reference ices /f) LAND 26,600 sq. mi.; 17% arable, 51% meadows and pastures, 3% forested, 2% inland water, 27% waste and urban Land boundaries: 224 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n mi (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 900 mi PEOPLE Population: 3,121,000, average annual growth rate 0.7% (7/64-7/74) Nationality: noun?Irishman(men), Irish (collec- tive pl.); adjective?Irish Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Celts Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other Language: English and Gaelic official; English is generally spoken Literacy: 98%-99% Labor force: about 1,134,000 (1971); 26% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 19% manufacturing; 15% commerce; 7% construction; 5% transportation; 4% government; 24% other; 8.9% unemployment (September 1975) Organized labor: 36% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ireland, Eire (Gaelic) Type: republic Capital: Dublin Political subdivisions: 26 counties Legal system: based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 IRELAND/ISRAEL Branches: elected President; bicameral parliament reflecting proportional and vocational representation; judiciary appointed by President on advice of government Government leaders: President Cearbhall O'Daigh- ly, Taoiseach; Prime Minister Liam Cosgrave; Tanaiste Deputy Prime Minister Brendan Corish Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every 5 years ? last election February 1973; President elected for 7- year term ? last election December 1974 Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, John (Jack) Lynch; Labor Party, Brendan Corish; Fine Gael, Liam Cosgrave; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael 0' Riordan Voting strength: (1973 election) Fianna Fail 46% (69 seats), Fine Gael 35% (54 seats), Labor Party 14% (19 seats), other 5%; Independents hold 2 seats Communists: approximately 600 Member of: Council of Europe, EC, EEC, ESRO (observer), EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $6.7 billion (1974), $2,190 per capita; 67.8% consumption, 27,1% investment, 18.6% government; ?13.5% net export of goods and services; 1972 real growth rate 3% Agriculture: about 2/3 of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture; main products ? livestock and dairy products, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; 85% self-sufficient; food shortages ? grains, fruits, vegetables; caloric intake 3,510 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 92,000 metric tons (1972); exports of fish and fish products $13.3 million (1971), imports of fish and fish products $4.4 million (1971) Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, machinery and transportation equipment Shortages: coal, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, steel and nonferrous metals, fertilizers, cereals and animal feeds, textile fibers and textiles Crude steel: 112,000 metric tons produced in 1974, 40 kilograms per capita Electric power: 1,943,000 kw. capacity (1974); 7.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,200 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2,628 million (f.o.b., 1974); live animals, meat, textile products, clothing, machinery, dairy products, chemicals Imports: $3,809 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, chemicals, textiles, transportation equipment, petroleum, metal manufactures, cereals Major trade partners: 70.9% EC-nine (U.K. 50.6%, West Germany 7.09%); 8.4% U.S.; 1.3% Communist countries (1974) Aid: economic ? U.S., $187.8 million authorized (FY49-73), no activity (FY55-66), $12.6 million authorized in FY69, none authorized in FY70-73; IBRD $72.5 million authorized (FY64-72) $28 million authorized (FY72) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Irish pound= US$2.453 (1973 average) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,361 mi., 5'3" gage; government owned Highways: 53,700 mi.; 46,950 mi. surfaced, 6,750 mi. earth Inland waterways: approx. 650 mi. Ports: 6 major, 38 minor Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft Airfields: 39 total, 38 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small, modern system; all cities interconnected for telephone and telegraph service; 397,000 telephones; 895,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 620,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, 7 FM, and 23 TV .stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 703,000; 551,000 fit for military service; about 28,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1974, $89.4 million; about 4.5% of the central government budget ISRAEL (See reference 'wil) NOTE: The Arab territories occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the data below. 101 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ISRAEL LAND 8,000 sq. mi. (excluding about 25,000 sq. mi. of occupied territory in Jordan, Egypt, and Syria); 20% cultivated, 40% pastureland and meadows, 4% forested, 4% desert, waste, or urban, 3% inland water, 29% unsurveyed Land boundaries: 644 mi. (1967); including occupied areas, 490 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. Coastline: 125 mi. (1967); including occupied areas, 925 mi. PEOPLE Population: 3,408,000 (excluding West Bank and East Jerusalem), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7/74-7/75) Nationality: noun?Israeli(s); adjective?Israel Ethnic divisions: 85% Jews, 15% non-Jews (mostly Arabs) Religion: 89% Judaism, 8% Islam, 3% other Language: Hebrew official; Arabic used officially for Arab minority; English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: 88% Jews, 48% Arabs Labor force: 1,122,900; 6.5% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 25.3% manufacturing (mining, industry); 0.9% electricity and water; 8.1% construction and public works; 12.2% commerce; 7.7% transport, storage, and communications; 6.5% finance and business; 26.1% public services; 6.7% personal and other services (1974) Organized labor: 90% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Israel Type: republic Capital: Jerusalem; not recognized by U.S. which maintains Embassy in Tel Aviv Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: mixture of English common law and, in personal area, Jewish, Christian and Muslim legal systems; commercial matters regulated substantially by codes adopted since 1948; no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the Knesset (legislature) relating to the Knesset, Israeli lands, the president, the government and the Israel citizenship law; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Hebrew University in Jerusalem; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President Ephraim Katzir has largely ceremonial functions; executive power vested in cabinet; unicameral parliament (Knesset) of 120 members elected under a system of proportional representation; legislation provides fundamental laws in absence of a written constitution; 2 distinct court systems (secular and religious) Government leader: Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held every 4 years unless required by dissolution of Knesset; last election held in December 1973 Principal political parties and leaders: Israel Labor Party, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Golda Meir, Josef Almogi, Moshe Dayan, Yigal Allon, Shimon Peres; United Workers Party (MAPAM) in alignment with Israel Labor Party, Meir Talmi; National Religious Party, Minister of Interior Dr. Joseph Burg; Independent Liberal Party, Minister of Tourism Moshe Kol; Herta (Freedom) Party, Menahem Begin; Liberal Party, Dr. Elimeleda Rimalt; State List, Yigal Hurwitz; Herut and the Liberal Party are called the C,AHAL bloc and, together with the State List and Free Center, they form the Likud bloc led by Menahem Begin; Yadd (new liberal party), Shulamit Aloni; AK! (Israel Communist Opposition Party?predominantly Jewish), leader Esther Wilenska; RAKAH (Com- munist Party ? predominantly Arab), Secretary General Meir Wilner; Moked (ultra-leftist), leader Meir Pail Voting strength: out of 120 seats, Israel Labor Party-MAPAM-Arab List Alignment 53 seats; Likud bloc 38 seats; National Religious Party 10 seats; Independent Liberal Party 4 seats; Agudat Religious Front 5 seats; RAKAH 4 seats; Yadd 4 seats; Moked I seat; independents I seat Communists: divided between AK! (Jewish party) with a new splinter group with at most a few hundred members, and RAKAH (Arab party) with some 1,500 members; neither constitutes a subversive threat Other political or pressure groups: right-wing Jewish Defense League led by Rabbi Meir Kahane Black Panthers, a loosely organized youth group seeking more benefits for oriental Jews Member of: FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAS (observer), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GNP: $8.8 billion (1974), $2,618 per capita (converted to dollars at 6.0 Israeli pounds = US$1); 1974 growth of real GNP 5% in constant 1970 dollars Agriculture: main products ? citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef and dairy products, poultry products Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, diamond cutting and polishing, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, electrical 102 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ISRAEL/ITALY equipment, miscellaneous machinery, rubber and plastic products, potash mining Electric power: 1,745,000 kw. capacity (1974); 9.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,780 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $1,825 million (f.o.b., 1974); major items ? polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and chemical products; tourism is leading foreign exchange earner Imports: $4,237 million (c.i.f., 1974); major items ? rough diamonds, chemicals, machinery, iron and steel, cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, and aircraft Major trade partners: exports ? EC, U.S., U.K., Japan, Hong Kong, Switzerland; imports ? EC, U.S., U.K., Switzerland, Japan Budget: FY ending 31 March 76?$9.4 billion (converted at 6.0 Israeli pounds= US$1) Monetary conversion rate: $6.864 Israeli pounds = US$1; par value protected by a system of export subsidies and import duties and by legal restrictions on conversion Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 477 mi. 4'8?" gage Highways: 2,500 mi.; 2,300 mi. paved, 200 mi. otherwise improved; additional mileage (mostly paved) in occupied territories (670 mi. in Jordan, 1,150 mi. in Egypt (Sinai), 75 mi. in Syria) Pipelines: crude oil, 440 mi.; refined products, 180 mi.; natural gas, 55 mi. Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor Airfields: 53 total, 42 usable; 21 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 10 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: most modern and highly developed in the Middle East; 685,400 telephones; 441,000 radio and 440,000 TV receivers; 28 TV, 13 AM, and 10 FM stations; 1 submarine cable; earth satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Jewish males 15-49, 712,000; 613,000 fit for military service; average number of Jews reaching military age (18) annually ? 28,000 males, 27,000 females; both sexes liable for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1975, $3.7 billion; about 40% of total budget ITALY LAND 116,300 sq. mi.; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban (See reference map IV) Land boundaries: 1,058 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi Coastline: 3,105 mi. PEOPLE Population: 56,044,000, average annual growth rate 0.7% (1/65-1/75) Nationality: noun?Italian(s); adjective?Italian Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion) Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige Region (e.g., Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta Region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region Labor force: 19,549,000 (January 1975); 15.0% agriculture, 42.9% industry, 39.0% other, 3.4% unemployed (July 1975); underemployment, par- ticularly in southern Italy, remains widespread; 1.5 million Italians employed in other Western European countries Organized labor: 20% (est.) of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Italian Republic Type: republic Capital: Rome Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions; 5 (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time and the remaining 15 regions were instituted on I April 1972; 94 provinces 103 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ITALY Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive ? President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment Government leaders: President Giovanni Leone; Premier Aldo Moro Suffrage: universal over age 18 (except in Senatorial elections where minimum age of voter is 22) Elections: national elections for Parliament held every 5 years (most recent, May 1972); provincial and municipal elections held every 5 years with some out of phase; regional elections every 5 years (held June 1975) Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Party (DC), Benigno Zaccagnini (party Colombo; Communist Party (PCI), Luigi Longo, Enrico Berlinguer (secretary general); Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Francesco De Martino (party secretary), Pietro Nenni, Giacomo Mancini; Italian Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Flavio Orlandi; Mario Tanassi (party secretary), Giuseppe Saragat; Liberal Party (PLI), Agostino Bignardi (party secretary); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almirante; Republican Party (PRI), Oddo Biasini (party Voting strength (1972 election): 38.8% DC, 27.2% PCI, 9.6% PSI, 3.9% PLI, 8.7% MSI, 2.9% PRI, 5.1% PSDI, 3.8% other Communists: 1,702,562 members (as of July 1975); number of sympathizers cannot be determined Other political or pressure groups: the Vatican; three major trade union confederations (CGIL ? Communist dominated, CISL ? Christian Demo- cratic, and UIL ? Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Italian manufacturers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECOWAS, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WMO investment, 14.0% government, net foreign balance ?6.1%; 1973 growth rate 6.3%, 1974 growth rate 3.4%, 1970 constant prices Agriculture: important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops ? cereals, potatoes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; food shortages ? fats, meat, fish, and eggs; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 462,000 metric tons (1973), $336 million (1973); exports $29 million (1973), imports $252 million (1973) Major industries: machinery and transportation equipment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles Shortages: coal, fuels, minerals Crude steel: 23.8 million metric tons produced (1974), 431 kilograms per capita Electric power: 40,000,000 kw. capacity (1974); 147.0 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,350 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $30.3 billion (f.o.b., 1974); principal items ? machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals, footwear Imports: $40.9 billion (c.i.f., 1974); principal items ? machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleumn Major trade partners: (1974) 43.6% EC-nine (18% West Germany, 13% France, 4% Netherlands, 4% U.K., 3% Belgium-Luxembourg); 8% U.S.; 2% U.S.S.R. and 3% other Communist countries of Eastern Europe Aid: economic ? U.S., $4,154 million (FY46-73), $78.2 million authorized FY73; IBRD, $398 million authorized through FY73, none since FY65; International Finance Corporation, $1 million authorized through FY72, none since FY60; military ?U.S., $2,402 million (FY46-73), $11.6 million authorized in FY73 Monetary conversion rate: Smithsonian rate as of December 1973, 650.4 lira =US$1; average of Friday closing rates in 1975 to September-645 lira =US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 12,857 mi.; 9,907 mi. government owned; 9,805 mi. standard gage; 4,906 mi. electrified; 102 mi. narrow gage (3'11/8"); 2,950 mi. non- government owned; 1,567 mi. standard gage; 794 mi. electrified; 1,383 mi. narrow gage; 323 electrified Highways: 179,000 mi.; autostrade 3,000 mi., state highways 25,750 mi., provincial highways 57,000 mi., ECONOMY communal highways 93,250 mi.; 159,000 mi. GDP: $150 billion (1974), $2,710 per capita; concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 15,500 mi. 66.9% private consumption, 25.2% gross private gravel and crushed stone, 4,500 mi. earth 104 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ITALY/IVORY COAST Inland waterways: 1,538 mi. navigable routes; 708 mi. rivers, 529 mi. canals, 307 mi. are lake routes Pipelines: crude oil, 1,100 mi.; refined products, 900 mi.; natural gas, 6,869 mi. Ports: 16 major, 22 significant minor Civil air: 141 major transport aircraft Airfields: 147 total, 147 usable; 77 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 29 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 42 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: well engineered, well constructed, and efficiently operated; 14.1 million telephones; 13.7 million radio and 12.6 million TV receivers; 82 AM, 606 FM, and 873 TV stations; 11 coaxial submarine cables; 3 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,841,000; 11,586,000 fit for military service; 423,000 reach military age (18) annually IVORY COAST Atlantic Ocean (Sea reference map VI) LAND 125,000 sq. mi.; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated, 52% grazing, fallow, and waste, 200 mi. of lagoons and connecting canals along eastern coast Land boundaries: 2,005 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 320 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,950,000 (resident African population only), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun?Ivorian(s); adjective? Ivorian Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approx. 1 million foreign Africans, mostly Voltaics; about 33,000 non-Africans (25,000 French) Religion: 66% animist, 22% Muslim, 12% Christian Language: French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken Literacy: about 20% Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agricul-7 ture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ivory Coast Type: republic, one-party presidential regime established 1960 Capital: Abidjan Political subdivisions: 24 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960, amended 1963; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate judiciary Government leader: President Felix Houphouet- Boigny Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: uncontested Presidential and legislative elections held in November 1970 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: Parti Democratique de la Cote d'Ivoire (PDCI), (only party); official party leader is Secretary General Philippe Yace, but fIouphouet-Boigny is in control Communists: no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.7 billion (1974), $700 per capita; average annual growth rate in constant prices, 7.0% Agriculture: commercial ? coffee, wood, cocoa, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops ? corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities ? cotton, 105 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 IVORY COAST/JAMAICA rubber, tobacco, fish; self-sufficient in most foodstuffs, but rice, sugar, and meat imported Fishing: catch 72,400 metric tons (1972); $15.6 million, exports $2.6 million (1970), imports $5.2 million (1971) Major industries: food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery factory Electric power: 371,000 kw. capacity (1974); 788 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 163 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, tropical woods, cocoa, 70% of total; bananas, pineapples, palm oil Imports: $976 million (c.i.f., 1974); consumer goods about 40%, raw materials and fuels 10%, manufactured goods and semi-finished products, about 50% Major trade partners: France and other EC countries about 65%, U.S. 13%, Communist countries about 1% Aid: economic ? France (1960-69) $312 million; EC $149 million, through FY1973; U.S. (FY61-73), $114 million; others (1960-71), $76 million, including $18.5 million committed; no Communist aid programs; military ? non-Communist countries, $7.3 million (1954-67) Budget: 1975 est.?revenues $580 million, current expenditures $454 million, investment expenditures $247 million Monetary conversion rate: about 218.75 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs= US$1, August 1975; floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 408 mi. of the 728 mi. Abidjan to Ouagadougou, Upper Volta line, all single track meter gage; only diesel locomotives in use Highways: 24,600 mi.; 1,045 mi. bituminous and bituminous-surface treatment; 21,385 mi. gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth; 12,600 mi. unimproved earth roads Inland waterways: 460 mi. navigable rivers and numerous coastal lagoons Ports: 2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 3 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft Airfields: 45 total, 44 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 feet; 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 feet; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system only slightly above African average; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay links, which provide incomplete coverage of country; Abidjan is only center; 25,200 telephones; January 1976 205,000 radio and 100,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 1 submarine cable; satellite earth station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,060,000; 553,000 fit for military service; 57,000 males reach military age (18) annually JAMAICA (See reference map II) LAND 4,410 sq. mi.; 21% arable, 23% meadows and pastures, 19% forested, 37% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 635 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,073,000, average annual growth rate 1.9% (7/71-7/73) Nationality: noun?Jamaican(s); adjective? Jamaican Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3.4%, white 3.2%, other 0.9% Religion: predominantly Protestant, some Roman Catholic, some spiritualist cults Language: English Literacy: government claims 82%, but probably only about one-half of that number are functionally literate Labor force: 810,700 (1973); 26% in agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining, 10% manufacturing, 8% public administration, 5% construction, 10% commerce, 3% transportation and utilities, 15% services, 22% unemployed (seasonal unemployment in agriculture can push the unemployment figure to 25%); shortage of technical and managerial personnel 106 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 JAMAICA/JAPAN Organized labor: about 25% of labor force (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Jamaica Type: independent state within Commonwealth since August 1962, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Kingston Political subdivisions: 12 parishes and the Kingston-St. Andrew corporate area Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: cabinet headed by Prime Minister; 53- member elected House of Representatives; 21- member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, 8 by opposition leader); judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice Government leader: Prime Minister Michael Manley Suffrage: universal, age 18 and over Elections: at discretion of Governor-General upon advice of Prime Minister but within 5 years; latest held 29 February 1972 Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP), Michael Manley; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward Seaga Voting strength (1972 general elections): 56.55% PNP, 43.21% J LP, 0.24% other Communists: a few hundred Marxist and Communist sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists, nationalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro religious/ racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAS, Pan American Health Organization, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, W MO ECONOMY GNP: $2,383 million (1974), $1,150 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 4.3% Agriculture: main crops ? sugarcane, citrus fruits, bananas, pimento, coconuts, coffee, cocoa Major industries: bauxite mining, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, tourism Electric power: 575,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2.1 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,040 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $694 million (f.o.b., 1974); alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa Imports: $963 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, transportation and electrical equipment, food, fuels, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 48%, U.K. 16%, Canada 4.5%, Norway 11%; imports ? U.S. 37%, U.K. 19%, Canada 7% (1974) Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY56-73), $90 million in loans; $51 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $113 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $90.2 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY63-73) $1.1 million Budget: FY74-75, prelim.?revenues $658 million, expenditures $798 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dol- lar= US$1.10 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 204 mi. government-owned, 43 mi. privately owned, all standard gage, single track Highways: 8,100, mi.; 3,000 mi. paved, 3,000 mi. gravel, 2,100 mi. unimproved earth surfaces Pipelines: refined products, 6 mi. Ports: 3 major (Kingston, Montego Bay, Montego Freeport), 10 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 43 total, 23 usable; 12 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic domestic telephone network with 91,000 telephones; satellite ground station; 600,000 radio and 105,000 TV receivers; 8 AM, 8 FM, and 9 TV stations; 5 submarine cables, including 2 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 432,000; 307,000 fit for military service; no conscription; average number currently reaching minimum volunteer age (18) 22,000 Supply: dependent on U.K. and U.S. JAPAN LAND 143,000 sq. mi.; 16% arable and cultivated, 3% grassland, 12% urban and waste, 69% forested WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 7,500 mi. Japan; 1,000 mi. Ryukyus PEOPLE Population: 111,580,000 (including Ryukyus), average annual growth rate 1.1% (7/64-7/74) 107 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 JAPAN (Sea reference map VII Nationality: noun?Japanese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive?Japanese Ethnic divisions: 99.2% Japanese, .8% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Language: Japanese Literacy: 97.8% of those 15 years old and above (1960 data) Labor force (1974 figures): 52.4 million; 10.7% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 37.5% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 39.5% trade and services; 7% transportation; 3.4% government; 1.7% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor 1.5 million; unskilled .5 million (est.) Organized labor: 20% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Japan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Tokyo Political subdivisions: 47 prefectures (Ryukyus became 47th prefecture on 15 May 1972) Legal system: civil law system with English- American influence; constitution promulgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Emperor is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in cabinet dominated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the Lower House of the bicameral, elective legislature (Diet); judiciary is independent Government leader: Prime Minister Takeo Miki Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: general elections held every 4 years or upon dissolution of Lower House, triennially for one- half of Upper House l08 Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), T. Miki, President; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), T. Narita, Chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), I. Kasuga, Chairman; japan Communist Party, K. Miyamoto, Presidium Chair-man; Komeito (CGP), Y. Takeiri, Chairman Voting strength (1972 election): 46.8% LDP, 21,9% JSP, 10.5% JCP, 8.5% CCP, 7.0% DSP, 5.3% others Communists: 350,000, 3,000,000 sympathizers Member of: ADB, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, LEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, IRC, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $451 billion (1974 at 292 yen= US$1; $373 billion in 1973 prices); $4,100 per capita (1974); 52% personal consumption, 38% investment, 9% government current expenditure; real growth rate ?2% (1974); average annual growth rate 1970-74, 7.0% Agriculture: land intensively cultivated ? rice, wheat, barley, sugar, potatoes, fruits; 71% self- sufficient; food shortages ? meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oil and fats; caloric intake, 2,526 calories per day per capita-(1973 est.) Fishing: catch 10.7 million metric tons (1973) Major industries: metallurgical and engineering industries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals Shortages: fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials Crude steel: 117 million metric tons produced (1974) Electric power: 103,140,000 kw. capacity (1974); 460.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,203 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $54.5 billion (f.o.b., 1974); machinery and equipment 47%, metals and metal products 25%, textiles 7% (79%) Imports: $53.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974); fossil fuels 47%, metals and metal products 15%, foodstuffs 15%, machinery and equipment 8% Major trade partners: exports-23% U.S., 11% EC, 8% Communist counties, 10% OPEC, 13% Far East; imports-24% U.S., 7% EC, 6% Far East, 7% Communist countries, 38% OPEC, 6% Australia Aid: Japanese official foreign economic aid disbursements 1973?$1,011 million Monetary conversion rate: 291.5 yen=US$1 (1974 average rate), floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 JAPAN/JORDAN COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 17,620 mi.; 320 mi. standard gage, 17,300 mi. predominantly narrow gage (3'6"), 4,297 mi. double track, 7,485 mi. electrified; 73% government owned Highways: 650,260 mi. (1974); 164,530 mi. paved, most of remainder gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: approx. 1,100 mi.; seagoing craft ply all coastal "inland seas" Pipelines: crude oil, 41 mi.; natural gas, 580 mi. Ports: 53 major, over 2,000 minor Civil air: 212 major transport aircraft (includes 2 leased) Airfields: 191 total, 188 usable; 118 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft.; 22 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 44 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft., 6 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,187,000; 26,341,000 fit for military service; about 805,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $4.4 billion; about 6.2% of total proposed budget and 0.8% of GNP JORDAN Metiiterranean Sea (See reference map VI NOTE: The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of West Jordan. Although approx. 930,000 persons resided in this area prior to the start of the war, fewer than 750,000 of them remain there under the Israeli oc- cupation, the remainder having fled to East Jordan. Over 14,000 of those who fled were repatriated in August 1967, but their return has been more than off- set by other Arabs who have crossed and are contin- uing to cross from West to East Jordan. These and certain other effects of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war are not included in the data below. LAND 37,100 sq. mi. (including about 2,100 sq. mi. occupied by Israel); 11% agricultural, 88% desert, waste, or urban, 1% forested Land boundaries: 1,100 mi. (1967, 1,037 mi. excluding occupied areas) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 16 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,745,000 (including West Bank and East Jerusalem), average annual growth rate 3.2% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Jordanian(s); adjective? Jordanian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian Religion: 95% Sunni Muslim, 5% Christian Language: Arabic official, English widely understood among upper and middle classes Literacy: about 50% in East Jordan; somewhat less than 60% in West Jordan Labor force: 564,000; 33% unemployed Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ilashemite Kingdom of Jordan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: 'Amman Political subdivisions: 8 districts (3 are under Israeli occupation) under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with Chamber of Deputies last chosen by national elections in April 1967, and dissolved by King in November 1974; Senate last appointed by King in November 1974; present parliament subservient to executive; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi-judicial functions in desert areas Government leader: King Ilusayn ibn Talal al- Hashimi Suffrage: all citizens over age 20 Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957; Palestine Liberation Organization and various smaller fedayeen groups 109 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 JORDAN/KENYA clandestinely active on West Bank; Ba'th Party of Jordan, Dr. Munif Razza; Muslim Brotherhood Communists: party actively repressed, membership estimated at less than 500 Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, HI:, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $850 million (1974 est.), $328 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? wheat, fruits, vegetables, olive oil; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, and cement production Electric power: 110,000 kw. capacity (1974); 180 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 68 kw.-hr. per capita, East Bank only Exports: $157 million (f.o.b., 1974); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 2% of total (1973) Imports: $495 million (c.i.f., 1974); petroleum products, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 7% of total (1973) Aid: economic ? U.S., $813 million economic assistance (FY49-74), of which $57 million loans, $756 million grants; military ? $277 million total from U.S. (FY49-74) including $195 million in MAP grants Budget: 1974 Est. ? expenditures $552 million (non-military $234 million, military $167 million, development $151 million); deficit $66 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jordanian dinar = US$3.05, freely convertible; 0.3279 Jordanian dinar= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 388 mi. 3'5%" gage, single track Highways: 4,400 mi.; 3,652 mi. bituminous, 124 mi. improved earth; 624 unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 130 mi. Ports: 1 major (Aqaba) Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 24 total, 15 usable; 42 with permanent- surface runways; I with runways over 12,000 ft., 10 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: adequate telecommunica- tion system for the needs of the country; 40,500 telephones; 529,000 radio and 132,000 TV receivers; 1 AM and 1 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 588,000; 417,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (18) annually 30,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $154,539,600; 22% of total budget KENYA (See reference fnep LAND 225,000 sq. mi.; about 21% forest and woodland, 13% suitable for agriculture, 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing (1971) Land boundaries: 2,093 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 333 mi. PEOPLE Population: 13,587,000, average annual growth rate 3.4% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Kenyan(s); adjective?Kenyan Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu, Nilotic, Hamitic and Nilo-Hamitic); 2% Asian; 1% European, Arab and others Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1% Hindu Language: English and Swahili official each tribe has own language Literacy: 27% Labor force: 2.5 million; about 977,000, (39%) in monetary economy (1967) Organized labor: about 215,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Kenya Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963 Capital: Nairobi Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi Area Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 KENYA/KOREA, NORTH judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at University Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; Assembly must be reelected at least every 5 years; High Court, with Chief Justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal with ultimate appeal to East African Court of Appeals Government leader: President Jomo Kenyatta Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: general election (October 1974) elected present National Assembly; next elections due 1979 Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), president, Jomo Kenyatta Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: labor unions Member of: AFDB, EAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WM 0 ECONOMY GDP: $2,338 million at current prices (1974), $180 per capita; 3,6% real growth Agriculture: main cash crops ? coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops ? corn, wheat, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: $4.2 million (1970) Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, agricultural processing, cigarettes, flour), oil refining, cement Electric power: 250,000 kw. capacity (1974); 814 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 68 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $611 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, tea, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract Imports: $1,025 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles Major trade partners: U.K. and EC, also Uganda and Tanzania, which are part of East African Economic Community Budget: FY76 current revenues $1,009 million; current expenditures $1,057 million; development expenditures $193 million Monetary conversion rate: 7.143 Kenya shil- lings =US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,275 mi.; meter gage Highways: 30,200 mi.; 2,315 mi. paved, 27,885 mi. gravel and/or earth Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph are within boundaries of Kenya Ports: 1 major (Mombasa), 3 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 233 total, 216 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 41 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Nairobi, secondary centers Mombasa and Nakuru; 85,200 telephones; 774,000 radio and 37,000 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,899,000; 1,779,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1974, $32,759,000; about 4.3% of total budget KOREA, NORTH (See reference map VII) LAND 47,000 sq. mi.; 17% arable and cultivated, 74% in forest, scrub, and brush; remainder wasteland and urban Land boundaries: 1,040 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. 111 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 KOREA, NORTH/KOREA, SOUTH Coastline: 1,550 nil. PEOPLE Population: 16,762,000, average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Korean(s); adjective?Korean Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent Language: Korean Literacy: 90% (est.) Labor force: 6.1 million; 48% agriculture, 52% non-agricultural; shortage of skilled and unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Type: Communist state; one-man rule Capital: ryongyang Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 3 special cities (ryongyang, Hamhung, Ch'ongjin), and 1 special district (Kaesong) Legal system: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1948 and revised 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme Peoples Assembly theoretically supervises Legislative and Judicial function Government and party leaders: Kim Il-song, President DPRK, and General Secretary of the Korean Labor Party; Kim II, Premier Suffrage: Universal at age 17 Elections: election to SPA every 4 years, but this constitutional provision not necessarily followed ? last election December 1972 Political party: Korean Labor (Communist) Party; claimed membership of about 1.6 million, or about 12% of population Member of: IPU, Seabeds Committee, U.N. (observer status only), UNCTAD, WFTU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $7 billion (1974 est.), $440 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? rice, corn, vegetables; food shortages ? meat, cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domestic needs at low levels of consumption Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, bituminous and coking coal, petroleum, rubber Crude steel: 3.4 million metric tons produced (1974), 210 kilograms per capita Electric power: 3,350,000 kw. capacity (1974); 19 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,188 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $685 million; minerals, chemical and metallurgical products (1974) Imports: $1,260 million; machinery and equip- ment, petroleum, foodstuffs, coking coal (1974) Major trade partners: total trade turnover $1.9 billion; 52% with non-Communist countries, 48% with Communist countries Aid: economic and military aid from the U.S.S.R. and China Monetary conversion rate: 2.15 won = US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: about 12,600 mi., 95% gravel or earth surface Inland waterways: 1,400 mi.; mostly navigable by small craft only Ports: 6 major, 26 minor DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,650,000; 2,217,000 fit for military service; 186,000 reach military age (18) annually KOREA, SOUTH REA ssoul* SOUTH Vs/low KOREA Sea (See reference map VIII LAND 38,000 sq. mi.; 23% arable (22% cultivated), 10% urban and other, 67% forested Land boundaries: 150 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. (fishing, 20- 200 n. mi., continental shelf including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 1,500 mi. 112 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 KOREA, SOUTH PEOPLE Population: 34,463,000, average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) Nationality: noun?Korean(s); adjective?Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chinese minority (approx. 20,000) Religion: strong Confucian tradition; pervasive folk religion (Shamanism); vigorous Christian minority (5.5% of population); Buddhism (including estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly way), eclectic religion with nationalist overtones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents Language: Korean Literacy: about 90% Labor force: about 10.5 million (1972); 48% agriculture, fishing, forestry; 15% services; 13% mining and manufacturing; 12% commerce; 12% other Organized labor: about 10% of nonagricultural labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Korea Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive Capital: Seoul Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities; heads centrally appointed Legal system: combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved 1972; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative (unicameral), judiciary, National Conference of Unification Government leaders: President Pak Chong-hui; Prime Minister Kim Chong-pil Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: presidential every 6 years indirectly by the National Conference of Unification, last election December 1972; two-thirds of the 219-member National Assembly is elected directly for the same period within six months of the presidential election, remaining third nominated by the President and elected by the National Conference for a three-year term; last election February 1973, Revitalization Group ? 73 seats, Democratic Republican Party ? 73 seats, New Democratic Party ? 52 seats, Democratic Unification Party ? 2 seats, Inde- pendents ? 19 seats Political parties and leaders: pro-government ? Revitalization Group (appointed) (Chairman, Pak Tu-Chin) and Democratic Republican Party (Acting Chairman, Yi Hyo-sang); New Democratic Party (Chairman, Kim Yong-sam); Democratic Unification (Chairman, Yang Il-tong) Voting strength: (1973 election) popular vote 11,896,484; DRP 38.8%, NDP 32.8%, DUP 10.2%, Independent 18.1%, 0.1% invalid Communists: Communist activity banned by government; an estimated 37,000-50,000 former members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; large potentially volatile student population concentrated in Seoul Member of: ADB, Asian Parliamentary Union, Asian People's Anti-Communist League (APACL), ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949 for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, IMCO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, UNESCO, U.N. Special Fund, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, World Anti-Communist League (WACL); official observer at U.N., does not hold U.N. membership ECONOMY GNP: $13.4 billion (1974 in 1973 prices); real growth 8.6% (1974); real growth 9.8% (1970-74 average) Agriculture: 45% of the population live on the land, but agriculture, forestry and fishery constitute 26% of GNP; main crops ? rice, barley, wheat; not self-sufficient; food shortages ? barley, wheat, dairy products, rice, corn Fishing: catch 2,026,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemical fertilizers, chemicals, plywood, steel Shortages: base metals, fertilizer, petroleum, lumber and certain food grains Electric power: 4,860,000 kw. capacity (1974); 17.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 517 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4.5 billion (f.o.b., 1974); clothing, electrical machinery, plywood, footwear, processed food Imports: $6.9 billion (c.i.f., 1974); oil, ships, steel, wood, wheat, organic chemicals Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 34%, Japan 31%; imports?Japan 38%, U.S. 25% (1974) Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY46-74), $6.1 billion committed; Japan (1965-73), 1.8 billion extended; military ? U.S. (FY46-74), $6.2 billion committed Budget: $2.5 billion (1974) Monetary conversion rate: rate fixed at 484 won =US$1 since December 1974 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,967 mi.; 1,915 mi. standard gage, 32 mi. (2'6") narrow gage; 270 mi. double track; 175 mi. electrified; government owned 113 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 KOREA, SOUTH/KUWAIT Highways: 29,095 mi.; 4,860 mi. paved, 20,040 mi. gravel, 2,015 mi. improved earth, 2,180 mi. unimproved earth (1973) Inland waterways: L000 mi.; use restricted to small native craft Freight carried: rail (1973) 5.3 billion short ton/mi., 37.7 million short tons; highway 24 million short tons; air (1959) 796,260 lbs. carried Pipelines: 255 mi., refined products, under construction Ports: 10 major, 18 minor Civil air: 26 major transport aircraft Airfields: 116 total, 114 usable; 52 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 13 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,184,000; 5,329,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 353,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $883 million; about 27% of total budget KUWAIT (See reference map V) LAND 6,200 sq. mi. (excluding neutral zone but including islands); insignificant amount forested; nearly all desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 285 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 310 mi PEOPLE Population: 1,032,000, average annual growth rate 6.1% (4/70-4/75) 114 Nationality: noun?Kuwaiti(s); waiti Ethnic divisions: 85% Arabs, Indians, and Pakistani Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian, Hindu, Parsi, other Language: Arabic; English commonly used foreign language Literacy: about 60% Labor force: 238,000 (1970); 41% manufacturing, 25% services, 22% government and professions, 9% commerce Organized labor: labor unions, first authorized in 1964, formed in oil industry and among government personnel GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Kuwait Type: nominal constitutional monarchy Capital: Al Kuwayt Political subdivisions: 3 governorates, 10 voting constituencies Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitution took effect 1963, judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers; National Assembly Government leader: Emir Sabah al-Salim Al Sabah Suffrage: native born and naturalized males age 21 or over Elections: held every 4 years for National Assembly; held in January 1975 Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited, some small clandestine groups are active Communists: insignificant Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, 11,0, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WM 0 January 1976 adjective?Ku- 13% Iranians, ECONOMY GNP: $9.6 billion (1974 est.), $10,060 per capita est. Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported Major industries: crude petroleum production averaging 2.2 million b/d (includes Kuwait's share of neutral zone) (1975 est.); government revenues from taxes and royalties on production, refining, and consumption $7.3 billion est. for 1974; refinery capacity 504,000 b/d est. (1970); other major Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 KUWAIT/LAOS industries include fishing, processing of building materials, fertilizers, chemicals, and flour Electric power: 1,070,000 kw. capacity (1974); 4.1 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,295 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $10,741 million (f.o.b., 1974 prelim.), of which petroleum accounted for about 98%; nonpetroleum exports are mostly reexports, $137 million (f.o.b., FY71-72) Imports: $1,550 million (c.i.f., 1974 prelim.) exclusive of oil company imports; major suppliers ? U.S., Japan, U.K., West Germany Aid: an aid donor, committed bilaterally or through multilateral agencies over $2 billion in economic assistance in 1974 alone; amount equal to previous total extensions of grants and loans during 1961-72 time period Budget: (FY75/76) $3.075 billion revenues dinar = Monetary conversion rate: US$3.38 (October 1973) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,550 mi.; 465 mi. bituminous; 1,085 mi. earth, sand, light gravel Pipelines: crude oil, 545 mi.; refined products, 25 mi.; natural gas, 75 mi. Ports: 3 major (Ash Shuwaikh, Ash Shuaybah, Mina al Ahmadi), 4 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 5 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runway; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent international and adequate domestic telecommunication facilities; 95,100 telephones; 215,000 radio and 132,000 TV sets; 3 AM and 3 TV stations; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 311,000; about 179,000 fit for military service Coast Guard: 12 patrol boats Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1975, $136,008,620; 6.9% of total budget 1 March Kuwaiti LAOS LAND 91,430 sq. mi.; 8% agricultural, 60% forests, 32% urban, waste, and other; except in very limited areas, soil is very poor; most of forested area is not exploitable Land boundaries: 3,140 mi. NORTH VIETNAM PEOPLE Population: 3,375,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Lao (sing., pl.); adjective? Lao or Laotian Ethnic divisions: 47% Lao; 14% Tribal Tai; 25% Phoutheung (Kha); 14% Meo, Yao, and other Religion: 50% Buddhist, 50% animist and other Language: Lao official, French predominant foreign language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 1,268,000; 80%-90% agri- culture; 159,286 engaged in manufacturing and services; 28,400 (22,400 civil and 6,000 police) government employees in FY72 Organized labor: only labor organization is subordinate to the Communist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Democratic Republic of Laos Type: republic Capital: Vientiane Political subdivisions: 13 provinces subdivided into districts, cantons, and villages Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President; 45-member Supreme Council; 39-member cabinet formed on 4 December; cabinet is totally Communist but council contains a few nominal neutralists and non-Communists; National Assembly due to be re-established in April 1976 after completion of elections Government leaders: President, Prince Souphan- ouvong; Prime Minister, Kaysone Phomvihan; Deputy Prime Ministers, Nouhak Phoumsavan, Phoumi Vongyichit, Phoun Sipaseut, and Khamtai Siphadon Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections for new National Assembly scheduled to be completed on April 1, 1976 (See reference amp VIII 115 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 LAOS/LEBANON Political parties and leaders: Lao People's Revolutionary Party (Communist) includes Lao Patriotic Front and Alliance Committee of Patriotic Neutralist Forces; other parties are moribund Communists: Lao People's Revolutionary Party; membership unknown Other political or pressure groups: non- Communist political groups are moribund; most leaders have fled the country Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Mekong Committee, SEAMES, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $220 million, $70 per capita (1972 est.) Agriculture: main crops ? rice (overwhelmingly dominant), corn, vegetables; largely self-sufficient; food shortages (due in part to distribution deficiencies) including rice Major industries: tin mining, timber, tobacco Shortages: capital equipment, petroleum, transpor- tation system Electric power: 54,500 kw. capacity (1974); '240,000 kw.-hr. produced (1974), 73 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $9.7 million (f.o.b., 1973 est.); forest products, tin concentrates; coffee, undeclared exports of opium and tobacco Imports: $62 million (c.i.f., 1973 est.); rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: imports from Thailand, Japan, U.S., France, U.K., Hong Kong; exports to Malaysia and Thailand; trade with Communist countries insignificant; Laos a major transit point in world gold trade; value of 1973 gold re-exports $55 million Budget: (1973-74) receipts, 13,3 billion kip; expenditures, 36.0 billion kip; deficit 22.7 billion kip (provisional totals); 45% military, 55% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 750 kip= US$1 (official rate); 1,200 kip= US$1 for most import transactions; free market rate of 1,500-3,000 kip= US$1 for numerous market transactions Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: about 9,700 mi. (including Communist- held areas); 800 mi. bituminous or bituminous treated, 2,700 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth; 6,200 mi. unimproved earth and often impassable during rainy season mid-May to mid- September Inland waterways: about 2,850 mi., primarily Mekong and tributaries; 1,800 additional miles are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 1.5 ft. Ports (river): 5 major, 4 minor Airfields: 113 total, 84 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 11 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft., I with runway 8,000-11,999 ft. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 788,000; 423,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching usual military age (18) annually, 33,000; no conscription age specified LEBANON LEBANO Beirut Mediterranean Sea LAND 4,000 sq. mi.; 27% agricultural waste, or urban, 9% forested Land boundaries: 285 mi. (See reference map V) land, 64% desert, WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): no specific claims (fishing, 6 n. mi.) Coastline: 140 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,486,000, average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Lebanese (sing. and adjective?Lebanese Ethnic divisions: 93% Arab, 6% Armenian, 1% other Religion: 55% Christian, 44% Muslim and Druze, 1% other (official estimates); Muslims, in fact, constitute a majority Language: Arabic (official); French is widely spoken Literacy: 86% Labor force: about 1 million economically active; 49% agriculture, 11% industry, 14% commerce, 26% other; moderate unemployment p1.); 116 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 LEBANON/LESOTHO Organized labor: about 65,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Lebanon Type: republic Capital: Beirut Political subdivisions: 5 provinces Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, and civil law system; constitution mandated in 1920; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Lebanon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: power lies with President elected by parliament (Chamber of Deputies); Cabinet appointed by President, approved by parliament; independent secular courts on French pattern; religious courts for matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.; by custom, President is a Maronite Christian, Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and president of parliament a Shia Muslim; each of 9 religious communities represented in parliament in proportion to national numerical strength Government leader: President Sulayman Fran- jiyah Suffrage: compulsory for all males over 21; authorized for women over 21 with elementary education Elections: for Chamber of Deputies, held every 4 years or within 3 months of dissolution of Chamber; held April 1972 Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations; political stability dependent on maintenance of balance between religious communities Communists: only legal Communist party in Middle East; legalized in 1970; members and sympathizers estimated at 2,000-3,000 Other political or pressure groups: Palestinian guerrilla organizations Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY Agriculture: fruits, wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, tobacco, olives, onions; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: service industries, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, some metal fabricating, tourism Electric power: 818,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2.0 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 830 kw.-hr. per capita Major trade partners: exports $1 billion est. (f.o.b., 1974); most to Arab countries; imports $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1974); chiefly from EC, U.K., and Arab countries; trade deficit covered by large net receipts from invisibles (particularly tourism and transporta- tion) and private capital inflow Budget: (1975) expenditures $863 million, current expenditures $758 million, investment expenditures $105 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Lebanese pound= US$0.44 as of August 1975 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 238 mi.; 184 mi. 4'81/2", 51 mi. 3'5%"; all single track Highways: 5,160 mi.; 3,850 mi. paved, 310 mi. gravel and crushed stone, 404 mi. improved earth, 596 mi. unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 45 mi. Ports: 3 major (Beirut, Tripoli, Sayda), 5 minor Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunication facilities include satellite ground station; good domestic telephone and telegraph service; 227,000 telephones; 1.3 million radio and 375,000 TV receivers; 7 TV, 2 FM, and 1 AM radiobroadcast stations; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 772,000; 472,000 fit for military service; average of about 30,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $141,225,650; 16% of total budget LESOTHO LAND 11,700 sq. mi.; 15% cultivable; largely mountain- ous Land boundaries: 500 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,050,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Basothan(s); adjective? Basothan Ethnic divisions: 99.7% Sotho, 1,600 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: 70% or more Christian, rest animist Language: all Africans speak Sesotho vernacular; English is second language for literates 117 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Literacy: 40% Labor force: 87.4% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 150,000 to 250,000 spend 6 months to many years as wage earners in South Africa Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Lesotho Type: constitutional monarchy under King Moshoeshoe II; independent member of com- monwealth since 1966 Capital: Maseru Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland (located in ,esotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, divided between a largely ceremonial King and a Prime Minister who leads cabinet of at least 7 members; Prime Minister dismissed bicameral legislature in early 1970 and subsequently has ruled by decree; Prime Minister convened Interim National Assembly in April 1973 in order to devise new constitution; judicial ? 63 Lesotho courts administer customary law for Africans, high Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: Prime Minister Chief Leabiia Jonathan Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: elections held in January 1970; nullified allegedly because of election irregularities; subsequent elections promised at unspecified date Political parties and leaders: Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhele; National Party (BNP), Chief Leabua Jonathan (See reference map VII LESOTHO Voting strength: in 1970 elections for National Assembly, BNP won 32 seats; BCP, 22 seats; minor parties, 4 seats Communists: negligible, Communist Party of Lesotho banned in early 1970 Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $80 million (FY71 est.), $80 per capita; growth rate (in current prices), 6% annually (FY67-71 est.) Agriculture: exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley Major industries: none Electric power: 2,820 kw. capacity (1974); 6 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 6 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: labor to South Africa (remittances $11 million est. in FY72); $6 million (f.o.b., FY73), wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, diamonds, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins Imports: $55 million (f.o.b., FY73); mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, POL Major trade partner: South Africa Aid: economic aid; U.K. $9.4 million (plan FY71- 75); other $17.5 million (plan FY71-75); U.S. $15.4 million authorized (FY61-73); no military aid Budget: (FY76) revenues?$63 million, expendi- tures?current $38 million, development?$25 million Monetary conversion rate: Lesotho uses the South African rand; I SA rand = US$1.15 (as of November 1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1 mi.; owned, operated, and included in the statistics of the Republic of South Africa Highways: approx. 1,370 mi.; 120 mi. paved; 580 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stablized soil; 670 mi. improved or unimproved earth Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 27 total, 20 usable; 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft., 1 with permanent surface runway Telecommunications: system a modest one consisting of a few landlines, a small radio-relay system, and minor radiocommunication stations; Maseru is the center; 3,425 telephones; 11,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 214,000; fit for military service 116,000 118 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 LIBERIA LIBERIA /See reference map VII LAND 43,000 sq. mi.; 20% agricultural, 30% jungle and swamps, 40% forested, 10% unclassified Land boundaries: 830 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 360 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,787,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun?Liberian(s); adjective? Liberian Ethnic divisions: 5% descendants of immigrant Negroes; 95% indigenous Negroid African tribes including Kpelle, Bassa, Kru, Grebo, Cola, Kissi, Krahn, and Mandingo Religion: probably more Muslims than Christians; 70%-80% animist Language: English official; 28 tribal languages or dialects, pidgin English used by about 20% Literacy: about 24% over age 5 Labor force: 600,000, of which 120,000 arc in monetary economy; about 2,000 non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top level management and engineering jobs Organized labor: 2% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Liberia Type: republic in form; strong executive dominates, with few constraints Capital: Monrovia Political subdivisions: country divided into 9 counties; President appoints all officials of significance Legal system: based on U.S. constitutional theory; recent codes drawn up by Cornell University; constitution adopted 1847; amended 1907, 1926, 1934, 1955, and 1975; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of Liberia; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President, elected by popular vote, limited to a single eight-year term, controls through appointive powers, authority over national expendi- tures, and a variety of informal sanctions; 2-house legislature elected by popular vote; judiciary consisting of Supreme Court and variety of lower courts Government leader: President William R. Tolbert, Jr. Suffrage: universal 18 years and over Elections: members of House of Representatives elected for 4-year terms, most recently in October 1975; Senate members elected for 6-year terms, one- half elected in May 1973; President Tolbert, constitutional successor to President Tubman who died in July 1971, completed the four year term to which Tubman was elected and was then elected in October 1975 for an eight-year term Political parties and leaders: True Whig Party, in power since 1878, only political party; President Tolbert is leader Voting strength: 1975 elections uncontested; True Whig Party won all but a handful of votes Communists: no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IW, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $574 million (1974), $290 per capita; 10% current annual growth rate Agriculture: rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet Fishing: catch 15,500 metric tons, $6.5 million (1974) Industry: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds), 10,000 b/d oil refinery Electric power: 225,000 kw. capacity (1974); 600 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 345 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $400 million (f.o.b., 1974); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee, cocoa Imports: $290 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs 119 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 IJBERIA/LIBYA Major trade partners: U.S., West Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium Aid: economic ? (FY46-75) U.S., $230 million; military ? (FY53-74) U.S., $11.7 million; other aid sources include IBRD, U.N., IMF, West Germany, Republic of China Budget: (FY74) expenditures and revenues $108 million, development budget, $14.2 million Monetary conversion rate: Liberia uses U.S. currency Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 312 mi.; 220 mi standard gage, 90 mi. narrow gage (3'6"); all lines single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government Highways: 4,950 mi.; 340 mi. bituminous treated; remainder improved and unimproved laterite, gravel, and/or earth Inland waterways: 230 mi. navigable Ports: 3 major (Monrovia, Buchanan, Greenville- Sino Harbor), 4 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 78 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Monrovia; 3,400 telephones; 261,000 radio and 8,500 TV receivers; 5 AM, no FM, 5 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 407,000; 217,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1975, $4,664,000; 3.9% of total budget LIBYA LAND 679,000 sq. mi.; 6% agricultural, 1% forested, 93% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 2,700 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (except for Gulf of Sidra where sovereignty is claimed and northern limit of jurisdiction fixed at 32?30'N. and the unilaterally proclaimed 100 n. mi. zone around Tripoli) Coastline: 1,100 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,462,000, average annual growth rate 3.7% (7/73-7/74) 120 (See reference Inee VII Nationality: noun?Libyan(s); adjective?Libyan Ethnic divisions: 97% Berber and Arab with some Negro stock; some Greeks, Maltese, Jews, Italians, Egyptians Religion: 97% Muslim Language: Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities Literacy: 35% Labor force: 485,000; between ages 15-64, 405,000-430,000; 61% of labor force in agriculture (1964) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Libyan Arab Republic Type: republic; under military control following ouster of king on 1 September 1969; provisional constitution promulgated December 1969; loosely confederated with Egypt and Syria in Confederation of Arab Republics (CAR) on 1 September 1971 Capital: Tripoli Political subdivisions: 10 administrative provinces closely controlled by central government; district commissioners appointed by revolutionary Command Council Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitu- tional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Law School, at University of Libya at Banghazi; has not accepted compulsory ECJ jurisdiction Branches: paramount political power and authority rests with the 11-man Revolutionary Command Council (RCC); cabinet of 13 ministers; Parliament has been dissolved Government leaders: Revolutionary Command Council Chairman Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi; Prime Minister, Major Abd al-Salam Jallud Suffrage: universal Elections: parliamentary elections last held in May 1965; election for CAR assembly in March 1972 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 LIBYA/LIECHTENSTEIN Political parties and leaders: Libyan Arab Socialist Union, RCC member Major Bashir Hawadi, Secretary General; Mu'ammar Qadhafi, President Communists: no organized party, negligible membership Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nationalist movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Bath) party with small, almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely Member of: AFDB, Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $6.5 billion (1973), $3,010 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum production averaged 1.5 million b/d (1974); food processing, textiles, handicrafts Electric power: 280,000 kw. capacity (1974); 696 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 305 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $3,358 million (1973); over 99% petroleum Imports: $1,723 million (1972, c.i.f.) Major trade partners: imports ? Italy, West Germany, U.S.; exports ? Italy, West Germany, U.K., France Aid: economic ? no Communist country assistance; U.S. aid extended $212.5 million (FY49- 73); military ? arms obtained by cash purchase; chief suppliers France, U.S.S.R., Czechoslovakia; U.S. suspended since September 1969 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Libyan pound= US$3.38 Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December (beginning 1974); formerly 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 10,050 mi.; 4,780 mi. bituminous or bituminous treated, 5,270 mi. improved and unimproved earth and gravel Pipelines: crude oil 1,520 mi.; natural gas 175 mi.; refined products 140 mi.; liquid petroleum gas 135 mi. Ports: 3 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, Banghazi), 6 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft; an additional 25 major transports are operated by external carriers engaged in charter work for several oil companies Airfields: 86 total, 79 usable; 13 with permanent- surface runways, 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 10 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 35 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: system is just within top one-third of African systems; consists of radio-relay and tropospheric-scatter links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Tripoli and Banghazi; 49,800 telephones; 225,000 radio and 6,000 TV receivers; 7 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 500,000; 292,000 fit for military service; about 22,000 reach military age (17) annually; conscription now being imple- mented Military budget: estimated for period 1 April - 31 December 1973, $88,800,000; 4.1% of announced total budget for nine-month period LIECHTENSTEIN FRANCE Varluz WITZ. TRIA (See reference map IV) LAND 65 sq. mi. Land boundaries: 47 mi. PEOPLE Population: 24,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (12/60-12/70) Nationality: noun?Liechtensteiner(s); adjective? Liechtenstein Ethnic divisions: 95% Germanic, 5% Italian and other Religion: 92% Roman Catholic Language: German (dialect) Literacy: 98% Labor force: 7,000, 3,500 foreign workers (mostly from Austria and Italy); 59% industry, 20% trade and commerce, 13% professional and other, 8% agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Liechtenstein 121 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 LIECHTENSTEIN/ LUXEMBOURG Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Vaduz Political subdivisions: 11 districts Legal system: based on Swiss law; constitution adopted 1921; judicial review of legislative acts in a special Constitutional Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: unicameral Parliament, hereditary Prince, independent judiciary Government leaders: Head of State, Prince Franz Joseph II; Chief of Government, Dr. Walter Kieber Suffrage: males age 20 and over Elections: every 4 years; next elections 1978 Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union Party (VU), Dr. Alfred Hilbe; Progressive Citizens Party (FBP), Dr. Gerard Batliner Voting strength (1974 election): FBP over 50% Communists: none Member of: IAEA, ITU, UPU, WCL; considering U. N. membership; desires affiliation with The Council of Europe; under a 1923 treaty, Switzerland handles Liechtenstein's post and telegraph systems, customs, and foreign relations ECONOMY Despite its small size and sparse natural resources, Liechtenstein has a prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and farming. Textiles, ceramics, precision instruments, phar- maceuticals, and canned foods are the principal manufactures produced, almost entirely for export. Livestock raising and dairying are the main sources of farm income; cereals and potatoes are the most important farm crops. The Liechtenstein economy is tied closely to that of Switzerland in a virtual customs union. No national accounts data are available. Major trade partners: exports (1972) ? $138.6 million; 34% Switzerland, 35% EC, 48% EFTA Electric power: 22,600 kw. capacity (1974); 55 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,800 kw.-hr. per capita; power is exchanged with Switzerland, but net exports average 35 million kw.-hr. yearly COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.94 mi. 4'8 1/2 " gage, electrified; owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways Highways: no information on total mileage Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft registered in Switzerland Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving about 14,800 telephones; no broadcast facilities; 5,500 radio and 4,700 TV receivers (programs from Switzerland) 122 January 1976 DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Switzerland LUXEMBOURG (See reference map IV LAND 1,000 sq. mi.; 25% arable, 27% meadows and pasture, 15% waste or urban, 33% forested, negligible amount of inland water Land boundaries: 221 mi. PEOPLE Population: 359,000, average annual growth rate 0.8% (7/66-7/74) Nationality: noun?Luxembourger(s); adjective? Luxembourg Ethnic divisions: 83% Luxembourger, including an estimated 5% of Italian descent; remainder French, German, Belgian, etc. Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, remaining 3% Protestant and Jewish Language: Luxembourgish, German, French; most educated Luxembourgers also speak English Literacy: 98% Labor force: (1974) 158,000; 10% agriculture (including forestry and fishing), 48% industry, 42% services; 30% of labor force is foreign, comprising workers from neighboring areas of Belgium, France, and West Germany, as well as Italy and Portugal, unemployment 0.1% August 1975 Organized labor: 45% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Luxembourg Political subdivisions: unitary state, but for administrative purposes has 3 districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 LUXEMBOURG/MACAO Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; judicial review of legislative acts in the Cassation Court only; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: parliamentary democracy; seven ministers comprise Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature, the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial power exercised by independent courts Government leaders: Grand Duke Jean, Head of State; Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Union, Pierre Werner and Jacques Santer (Party President); Socialist, Lydie Schmit (Party President); Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte (Party President); Democratic, Gaston Thorn (Party President and Prime Minister); Communist, Dominique Urbany Voting strength in Chamber of Deputies (1974): Christian Socialist, 18; Socialist Workers, 17; Democrats, 14; Social Democrats, 5; Communists, 5 Communists: 500 party members (1974) Other political or pressure groups: group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural pro- ducers; Christian and Socialist labor unions, Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation Member of: Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1,693 million (1974, in 1973 prices), $4,810 per capita; 1974 growth rate 5.5% at constant prices; 53% consumption, 27% investment, 11% government, 9% net exports of goods and services (1973) Agriculture: mixed farming; main crops ? grains, potatoes, fodder beets; food shortages ? sugar, bread grains, fats; caloric intake, 3,150 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Major industries: iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires Crude steel: 6.4 million metric tons produced (1973), 18,630 kg. per capita Electric power: 1,204,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 6,900 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,493 million (f.o.b., 1973) Imports: $1,329 million (c.i.f., 1973) Major trade partners: Luxembourg and Belgium form an economic and customs union and report their foreign trade jointly (see Belgium); Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products; principal imports are coal and consumer products; most foreign trade is with Germany, Belgium, and other EC countries Aid: foreign aid to Luxembourg is included in aid to Belgium Budget (projected): (1975) expenditures $650 million, revenues $659 million, surplus $9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1974 average 1 franc= US$0.0257 floating; under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal to the Belgian franc which circulates freely in Luxembourg Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 169 mi. standard gage; 100 mi. double track; 85 mi. electrified Highways: 3,070 mi.; all paved; about 50 mi. limited access divided highway completed or under construction Pipelines: refined products, 30 mi. Inland waterways: 23 mi.; Moselle River Port: (river) Mertert Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft (includes 3 registered in Iceland) Airfields: 1 total, 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: adequate and efficient system; 146,100 telephones; 200,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 90,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 82,000; 69,000 fit for military service; about 3,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $17.5 million; 3.3% of central government budget MACAO LAND 6 sq. mi.; 10% agricultural, 90% urban Land boundaries: 220 yds. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi.; fishing, 12 n. mi. Coastline: 25 mi. 123 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 MACAO/MADAGASCAR NORTH VIETNAM PEOPLE Population: 1972) Nationality: noun?Macaon(s); adjective? M acaon Ethnic divisions: 99% Chinese, 1% Portuguese Religion: mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, about one-half are Chinese Language: Chinese 98%, Portuguese 2% Literacy: almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese population Labor force: 5% agriculture, 30% manufacturing, `.3% construction, 1% utilities, 27% commerce, 8% transportation and communications, 26% services (1960 data) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Province of Macao Type: overseas province of Portugal Capital: Lisbon (Portugal) Political subdivisions: municipality of Macao, and 2 islands Legal system: Portuguese civil law system Branches: Governor, who dominates legislative and executive branches, assisted by Legislative Council with unknown number of appointed and 8 elected members; the Urban Council with 3 governor- appointed and 4 elected members; all high-ranking officials appointive under provisions of revised Organic Overseas Law; new organic law to have come into effect in January 1973 to replace legislative council with a legislative assembly Government leader: Brigadier Jose Manuel Nobre De Carvalho, Governor Suffrage: restricted to Portuguese citizens Elections: conducted every 4 years; last held December 1972 Political parties and leaders: Portuguese National Union (Uniao Nacional) only legal party, as in Portugal; Governor is leading political figure (See reference amp VIII 251,000 (official estimate for 1 July January 1978 Communists: numbers unknown Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 Macao Govern- ment acceded to Chinese demands which gave Chinese veto power over administration of the enclave ECONOMY Agriculture: main crops ? rice, vegetables; food shortages ? rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements Major industries: textiles, fireworks Electric power: 73,500 kw. capacity (1974); 175 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 700 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $108 million (f.o.b., 1974); textiles and clothing, foodstuffs, fireworks Imports: $127 million (c.i.f., 1974) Major trade partners: exports ? Portuguese colonies 20%, West Germany 16%, Hong Kong 18%; imports ? Hong Kong 67%, China 26% (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 5.35 patacas= US$1 (December 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fairly modern facilities provide adequate services for domestic and international requirements; broadcast coverage is provided by AM and FM radiobroadcast facilities and a wired broadcast network; 8,459 telephones; 65,000 radio receivers; 2 AM and 2 FM radio stations; no TV stations; no submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 60,000; 35,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Portugal MADAGASCAR LAND 230,000 sq. mi.; 5% cultivated, 58% pastureland, 21% forested, 8% wasteland, 2% rivers and lakes, 6% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 n. mi Coastline: 3,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 7,639,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/69-7/70) 124 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MADAGASCAR (See reference map VI) Nationality: noun?Malagasy (sing. and p1.); adjective?Malagasy Ethnic divisions: basic split between highlanders of predominantly Malayo-Indonesian origin, consisting of Merina (1,643,000) and related Betsileo (760,000), on the one hand, and coastal tribes with mixed Negroid, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry on the other; coastal tribes include Betsimisaraka 941,000, Tsimihety 442,000, Sakalava 375,000, Antaisaka 415,000; there are also 38,000 French, 66,000 other Religion: more than half animist; about 41% Christian, 7% Muslim Language: French and Malagasy official Literacy: 45% of population age 10 and over Labor force: about 3.4 million, of which 90% are nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agriculture; of 175,000 wage and salary earners, 26% agriculture, 17% domestic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11% construction, 9% services, 6% transportation, 2% miscellaneous Organized labor: 4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Malagasy Republic Type: republic; military has wielded real authority since May 1972 Capital: Tananarive Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; constitution of 1959 modified in October 1972 by law establishing provisional government institutions; legal education at National School of Law, University of Madagascar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive?an 8-member Supreme Revolutionary Council; assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; National Popular Development Council created to replace the legislature in October 1972; Military Committee for Development; regular courts are patterned after French system, and a High Council of Institutions reviews all legislation to determine its constitutional validity Government leader: Captain Didier Ratsiraka, President of Supreme Revolutionary Council Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: government in October 1972 postponed all political elections indefinitely Political parties and leaders: Malagasy Socialist Party (PSM), led by Philibert Tsiranana and Andre Resampa, formed in 1974 as a result of union of Social Democratic Party (PSD) and Malagasy Socialist Union (USM); Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar (AKFM), led by Richard Andriaman- jato; National Movement for the Independence of Madagascar (MONIMA), led by Monja Jaona; parties are permitted to exist but are barred from positions of political authority because of postpone- ment of elections Voting strength: number of registered voters (1972) ?3.5 million; (in 1973 elections) non-party candidates won 81% of seats in National Popular Development Council; AKFM won 33 seats, PSD 5, USM 1, MONIMA 14 Communists: Communist party of virtually no importance; small and vocal group of Communists has gained strong position in leadership of AKFM, the rank and file of which is non-Communist Other political or pressure groups: Joint Struggle Committee (KIM), association of students, teachers, workers, and unemployed youth Member of: EAMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.4 billion (1974), about $200 per capita; an increase of about 7.0% annually since 1971 Agriculture: cash crops ? coffee, vanilla, sugar, tobacco, sisal, rice, cloves, raphia; food crops ? rice, cassava, cereals, potatoes, corn, beans, bananas, coconuts, and peanuts; animal husbandry wide- spread; self-sufficient in foodstuffs, but some milk and cereals imported Fishing: catch 49,000 metric tons (1972); exports $4.4 million (1971), imports $800,000 (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement plant, auto assembly plant, paper mill, oil refinery Electric power: 90,000 kw. capacity (1974); 240 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 30 kw.-hr. per capita 125 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MADAGASCAR/MALAWI Exports: $226 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee 30%, rice 1%, vanilla 5%, sugar 4%; agricultural and livestock products account for about 85% of export earnings Imports: $291 million (c.i.f., 1974); consumer goods about 30%, foodstuffs 15%, primary products (crude oil, fertilizers, metal products) 25%, capital goods 28% (1971) Major trade partners: France (in 1971 accounted for 34% of exports and 56% of imports); U.S., preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries; trade with Communist countries remains a minute part of total trade Budget: (FY75) revenues $450 million (including $78 million projected borrowing), expenditures $450 million of which $324 million current, $126 million development Monetary conversion rate: 219.98 Malagasy francs =US$1 as of August 1975 (floating since February 1973); member of French franc zone Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 549 mi. of meter gage Highways: 5,300 mi.; 1,875 mi. paved, 2,225 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 1,200 mi. improved and unimproved earth; remainder are tracks Inland waterways: 600 mi. perennially navigable; I.ac Alaotra (200 sq. mi.) Ports: 4 major (Tamatave, Diego Suarez, Majunga, Tulear) Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 249 total, 129 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 46 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: system above African average; includes open-wire lines, some radio-relay and coaxial links and a communication satellite ground station; 29,300 telephones; 605,000 radio and 7,100 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,683,000; 993,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 77,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $25,536,864; about 6.3% of total budget MALAWI LAND 36,700 sq. mi.; about 31% of land area arable (of which less than half is cultivated), nearly 25% forested, 6% meadow and pasture, 38% other ZAMBIA (See reference map Vil Land boundaries: 1,790 mi. PEOPLE Population: 5,084,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7/72-7/74) Nationality: noun?Malawian(s); adjective? M alawian Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: majority animist; rest Christian and Muslim Language: English and Chichewa official; Lomwe is second African language Literacy: 6% of population over 21 years old Labor force: 225,000 wage earners employed in Malawi (1974); 6,000 Europeans permanently employed; 300,000 Malawians live and work in Rhodesia, South Africa, and Zambia; 30% agriculture, 11% construction, 10% commerce, 13% manufac- turing, 10% administration, 26% miscellaneous services Organized labor: small minority of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malawi Type: republic since July 1966; independent member of Commonwealth since July 1964 Capital: Lilongwe Political subdivisions: 3 administrative regions and 23 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: strong presidential system with cab.net appointed by President; unicameral National Assembly of 60 elected and 15 nominated members; High Court with Chief Justice and at least 2 justices Government leader: Life President H. Kamuzu Banda 126 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 19713 MALAWI/MALAYSIA Suffrage: universal adult Elections: scheduled for April 1971 but not held since MCP candidates were unopposed Political parties and leaders: Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Dr. H. Kamuzu Banda Communists: no Communist Party; may be a few Communist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, EEC (associate member), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, .WMO ECONOMY GDP: $641 million (1974 current prices), $110 per capita; real growth rate 6.5% (1972-74) Agriculture: cash crops ? tea, tobacco, peanuts, cotton, tung; subsistence crops ? corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice Electric power: 88,000 kw. capacity (1974); 216 million kw.-hr. produced (1974); 46 kw.-hr. per capita Major industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods Exports: $122 million (f.o.b., 1974); tobacco, tea, groundnuts, sugar, maize, rice, cotton Imports: $185 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, building and construction materials, food, fuels, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports ? U.K., other EEC, Rhodesia, South Africa; imports ? South Africa, U.K., Rhodesia, other EEC Aid: economic ? U.K. provides major develop- ment support, about $144 million (1964-74); U.S. aid commitments, $50 million (FY56-74); military ? U.K., $2.4 million (1954-68) Budget: (FY75) $123 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Malawi Kwacha= US$1.20 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 352 mi. (3'6" gage) Highways: 6,710 mi.; 540 mi. paved; 4,040 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 2,130 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi), 800 route mi. and Shire River, 90 mi. Ports: 3 lake Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 7 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: the system is barely above average for African countries and consists of thinly spread open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe, and Muzuzu; 16,800 telephones; 125,000 radio receivers; 5 AM, 4 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,041,000; about 528,000 fit for military service MALAYSIA SOUTH VIETNAM South China Sea (See reference map VII) NOTE: Malaysia, which came into being on 16 September 1963, consists of Peninsular Malaysia, which includes 11 states of the former Federation of Malaya, plus East Malaysia, which includes the 2 former colonies of North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak LAND Peninsular Malaysia: 50,700 sq. mi.; 20% cultivated, 26% forest reserves, 54% other Sabah: 29,400 sq. mi.; 13% cultivated, 34% forest reserves, 53% other Sarawak: 48,300 sq. mi.; 21% cultivated, 24% forest reserves, 55% other Land boundaries: Peninsular Malaysia 315 mi., East Malaysia 1,110 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: Peninsular Malaysia, 1,285 mi., East Malaysia 1,620 mi. PEOPLE Population: 12,227,000, average annual growth rate 3.0% (7/70-7/74) Peninsular Malaysia: 10,213,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (7/70-7/74) Sabah: 860,000, average annual growth rate 4.9% (7/70-7/74) Sarawak: 1,154,000, average annual growth rate 3.2% (7/70-7/74) 127 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MALAYSIA Nationality: noun?Malaysian(s); adjective? Malaysian Ethnic divisions: Malaysia: 44% Malay, 36% Chinese, 8% tribal, 10% Indian and Pakistani, 2% other Peninsular Malaysia: 50.1% Malay, 36.9% Chinese, 11% Indian and Pakistani, 2% other Sabah: 23.1% Chinese, 67.3% indigenous tribes, 9.6% other Sarawak: 31.5% Chinese, 50% indigenous tribes, 17.5% Malay, 1% other Religion: Peninsular Malaysia: Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists, Indians predomi- nantly Hindu Sabah: 38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other Sarawak: 23% Muslim, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 35% tribal religion, 2% other Language: Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official); English, Chinese dialects, Tamil Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages Literacy: Peninsular Malaysia: about 48% Sabah and Sarawak: 23% Labor force: Malaysia: 3.45 million (1967) Peninsular Malaysia: 2.9 million; 55% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 11% manufacturing and construction, 34% trade, transport, and services Sabah: 213,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade and transportation, 1% other Sarawak: 341,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade, transportation, and services. 1% other Organized labor: 370,000 (official 1967 est.) about 10.5% of total labor force; 28% of wage labor force; unemployment about 8% of total labor force, but higher in urban areas GOVERNMENT Legal name: Malaysia Type: Malaysia: constitutional monarchy nominally headed by Paramount Ruler (King); a bicameral Parliament consisting of a 58-member Senate and a 154-member House of Representatives Peninsular Malaysian states: hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Malacca where Governors appointed by Malaysian Government; powers of state governments limited by federal constitution 128 Sabah: self-governingstate within Malaysia in which it holds 16 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government Sarawak: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 24 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, and internal security, and other powers are delegated to federal government Capital: Peninsular Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Sabah: Kota Kinabalu Sarawak: Kuching Political subdivisions: 13 states (including Sabah and Sarawak) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into force 1963; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of Supreme Head of the Federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: 9 state rulers alternate as Paramount Ruler for 5-year terms; locus of executive power vested in Prime Minister and cabinet, who are responsible to bicameral parliament; following communal rioting in May 1969, government imposed state of emergency and suspended constitutional rights of all parlia- mentary bodies; parliamentary democracy resumed in February 1971 Peninsular Malaysia: executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are similar in design; a Chief Minister, appointed by hereditary ruler or Governor, heads an executive council (cabinet) which is responsible to an elected, unicameral legislature Sarawak and Sabah: executive branch headed by Governor appointed by central government, largely ceremonial role; executive power exercised by Chief Minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature; judiciary part of Malaysian judicial system Government leader: Head of State, Tun Abdul Razak Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: minimum of every 5 years, last elections August 1974 Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia: National Front, a confedera- tion of 9 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Tun Abdul Razak; only opposition party of consequence ? Democratic Action Party (DAP) Sabah: United Sabah National Organization (USNO), Tun Mustapha bin Dato Harun; Sabah Chinese Association (SCA), Khoo Siak Chiew; no organized opposition Sarawak: coalition Sarawak Alliance composed of the Pekaka/Bumipatra Party, the United People's Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MALAYSIA Party (SUPP), Ong Kee Hui and Sarawak Chinese Association; opposition Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Stephen Ningkan Voting strength: Peninsular Malaysia: (1974 election) National Front controls 135 of 154 seats in lower house of parliament Sabah: (1974 Assembly Elections) Alliance unopposed, opposition candidates disqualified Sarawak: (1974 elections) National Front 30 out of 48 state assembly seats Communists: Peninsular Malaysia: approx. 1,700 armed insurgents on Thailand side of Thai/Malaysia border; approx. 300 on Malaysian side Sarawak: 170 armed insurgents in Sarawak Sabah: insignificant Member of: ADB, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: Malaysia: $8.7 billion (1974), $715 per capita; average annual real growth 6.4% (1968-74), 6% (1974) Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, rice, oil palm; 10%-15% of rice requirements imported Sabah: mainly subsistence; main crops ? rubber, timber, coconut, rice; food deficit ? rice Sarawak: main crops ? rubber, timber, pepper; food deficit ? rice Fishing: catch 359,000 metric tons, $151 million (1972) Major industries: Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber Sabah: logging, petroleum production Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging Electric power: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,075,000 kw. capacity (1974); 5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 515 kw.-hr. per capita Sabah: 75,000 kw. capacity (1974); 190 million kw.-hr. produced (1974); 252 kw.-hr. per capita Sarawak: 63,000 kw. capacity (1974); 174 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 158 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $5 billion (f.o.b., 1974); natural rubber, palm oil, tin, timber, petroleum Imports: $4.4 billion (c.i.f., 1974) Major trade partners: exports-22% Singapore, 18% Japan, 12% U.S.; imports ? 24% Japan, 10% U.K., 8% Singapore, 8% U.S. Aid: economic ? U.K. (1946-69) $260 million disbursed; Japan (1966-68) $50 million extended; IBRD (1959 - July 1974) $500 million (committed); U.S. (1954-74) $118 million; military ? (FY62-74) $59 million committed Budget: 1975 revenues $2.1 billion; expenditures $3.0 billion; deficit $900 million; 16% military, 84% civilian Monetary conversion rate: (Malaysia) 2.5 Malaysian dollars =US$1 (August 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,035 mi. 3'3%" gage; 8 mi. double track; government-owned East Malaysia: 96 mi. meter gage in Sabah Highways: Peninsular Malaysia: 11,247 mi.; 9,809 mi. hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 975 mi. crushed stone/gravel, 463 mi. improved or unimproved earth East Malaysia: about 2,823 mi. (1,022 in Sarawak, 1,801 in Sabah); 509 mi. hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 1,853 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 767 mi. earth Inland waterways: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,985 mi. East Malaysia: 2,540 mi. (975 mi. in Sabah, 1,565 mi. in Sarawak) Ports: Peninsular Malaysia: 3 major, 10 minor East Malaysia: 4 major, 7 minor (3 major, 3 minor in Sabah; 1 major, 4 minor in Sarawak) Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft (including 1 Boeing 707 leased from U.K.) Pipelines: crude oil, 90 mi.; refined products, 35 mi. Airfields: Peninsular Malaysia: 73 total, 73 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 12 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Sabah: 33 total, 33 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000 to 11,999 ft.; 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Sarawak: 45 total, 45 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: Peninsular Malaysia: good intercity service provided mainly by microwave relay; international service good; good coverage by radio and television broadcasts; 217,000 telephones; 425,000 radio and 129 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MALAYSIA/MALDIVES 355,000 TV receivers; 30 AM stations; no FM, 15 TV stations; submarine cables extend to India, Ceylon, and Singapore; connected to SEACOM submarine cable terminal at Singapore by microwave relay; 1 ground satellite station Sabah: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sarawak via Brunei; 18,500 telephones; 35,274 radio receivers; 3,014 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, 5 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore Sarawak: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sabah via Brunei; 22,000 telephones; 104,289 radio and 500 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Peninsular Malaysia: males 15-49, 2,299,000; 1,456,000 fit for military service Sabah: males 15-49, 177,000; 113,000 fit for military service Sarawak: males 15-49, 252,000; 159,000 fit for military service; conscription age for Malaysia is 21 ? an age reached by about 122,000 annually External defense dependent on loose Five Power Defense Agreement (FPDA) which replaced Anglo- Malayan Defense Agreement of 1957 as amended in 1963 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $442.6 million; about 15% of central government budget MALDIVES (See reference map VII) LAND 115 sq. mi.; 2,000 islands grouped into 12 atolls, about 220 islands inhabited WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): the land and sea between latitudes 7?9'N. and 0?45'S. and between longitudes 72?30'E. and 73?48'E; these coordinates form a rectangle of approximately 37,000 sq. n. mi.; territorial sea ranges from 2.75 to 55 n. mi. Coastline: 400 mi. (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 132,000, average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Maldivian(s); adjective? Maldivian Ethnic divisions: admixtures of Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab and Negro Religion: official Sunni Muslim Language: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala) Literacy: largely illiterate Labor force: fishing industry employs most of the male population GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Maldives Type: republic Capital: Male Political subdivisions: 19 administrative districts corresponding to atolls Legal system: based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: popularly elected unicameral national legislature (Majlis) (members elected for 5-year terms); elected President, chief executive; appointed Chief Justice responsible for administration of Islamic law Government leader: President Ibrahim Nasir Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: no organized political parties; country governed by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries Communists: negligible number Member of: Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT (de facto), IMCO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: under $100 per capita Agriculture: crops ? coconut and millet; shortages ? rice, wheat Fishing: catch 69,200 metric tons (1972) Major industries: fishing; some coconut processing Electric power: 2,500 kw. capacity (1974); 9 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 76 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.4 million (f.o.b., 1968); fish Imports: $2 million (c.i.f., 1968) Major trade partner: Sri Lanka Aid: U.K. (1960-65), $1.4 million drawn; Sri Lanka (1967), $1 million committed 130 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MALDIVES/MALI Monetary conversion rate: 6.39 rupees= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: minimal domestic and international telecommunication facilities; 300 telephones; 2,400 radio sets; 1 AM station MALI PPER VOL (See reference amp VI) LAND 465,000 sq. mi.; only about a fourth of area arable, forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert Land boundaries: 4,635 mi. PEOPLE Population: 5,686,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/72-7/73) Nationality: noun?Malian(s); adjective?Malian Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian Language: French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread Literacy: under 5% Labor force: approximately 100,000 salaried, 50,000 of whom are employed by the government; most of population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: UNTM, which claimed all eligible employees, dissolved; thirteen national unions currently directed by a government controlled Coordination Committee of Mali Trade Unions (CCSM ) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Mali Type: republic; under military regime since November 1968 Capital: Bamako Political subdivisions: 6 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960, amended 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) com- posed of 11 army officers; under MCNL functional cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary Government leaders: Col. Moussa Traore, president of MCNL, Chief of State and head of government Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: political activity proscribed by military government Elections: MCNL promises elections at unspecified date Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, ECA, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the development of the Senegal River Valley), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $457 million (1974), $83 per capita; annual real growth rate negative since 1972 Agriculture: main crops ? millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops ? peanuts, cotton, livestock Fishing: catch 90,000 metric tons (1971) exports $670,000 (1971) Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing Electric power: 27,000 kw. capacity (1974); 60 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 10 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $60 million (f.o.b., 1974); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins Imports: $183 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with U.S.S.R., China 131 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MALI/MALTA Budget: 1974 est. ? receipts $54 million, current expenditures $69 million Monetary conversion rate: 439.96 Mali francs= US$1, August 1975 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 400 mi. meter gage Highways: approximately 8,200 mi.; 1,010 mi. bituminous, 1,050 mi. improved earth, 6,140 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,141 mi. navigable Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 42 total, 38 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: system poor and provides only minimum service to government, business, and public; open-wire and radiocommunication used for long distance telecommunications; radio sometimes only link to outlying points; 7,800 telephones; 75,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,304,000; 732,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1973, $9,954,042; about 16.7% of total budget MALTA (See reference map IV) LAND 121 sq. mi.; 45% agricultural, negligible amount forested, remainder urban, waste, or other (1965) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 87 mi. PEOPLE Population: 320,000 (official estimate for 31 March 1975) Nationality: noun?Maltese (sing. and pl. ); adjective?Maltese Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, British Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Language: English and Maltese Literacy: about 83%; compulsory education introduced in 1946 Labor force: 107,500; 29% services, 23% government, 24% manufacturing, 6% agriculture, 4% construction, 4% transportation and communications, 5% utilities and drydocks; 5% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 35% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malta Type: parliamentary democracy, independent republic within the Commonwealth since December 1974 Capital: Valletta Political subdivisions: 2 main populated islands, Malta and Gozo, divided into 10 electoral districts (divisions) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into force 1964; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive, consisting of prime minister and cabinet; legislative, comprising 55-member House of Representatives; independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Dom Mintoff Suffrage: universal over age 21; registration required Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Minister, but must be held before the expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election June 1971 Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, Ceorgio Borg Olivier; Malta Labor Party, Dom Mintoff Voting strength (1971 election): Labor, 29 seats (52.7%); Nationalist, 26 seats (47.2%) Communists: less than 100 (est.) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $395 million (1974), $1,240 per capita; 69% private consumption, 24% gross investment Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk and pork 132 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 MALTA/MARTINIQUE products; shortages in beef, grain, animal fodder, and fruits at various seasons; main products ? potatoes, cauliflowers, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; 2,680 calories per day per capita Major industries: ship repair yard, building industry, food manufacturing, textiles, tourism Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be imported Electric power: 115,000 kw. capacity (1974); 312.0 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 920 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $134 million (f.o.b., 1974); textiles, scrap metal, wine, agricultural products, and footwear Imports: $360 million (c.i.f., 1974) Major trade partners: EC-nine 65% (U.K. 25%, Italy 15%); U.S. 5%; Communist countries 5% (1974) Aid: economic ? U.S., $34 million (FY49-73), $10.5 million in 1972, and $14.9 million in 1973; Agreement (loans and grants) (1964-74), $140 million; U.N. Special Fund, $2.2 million through FY72; U.N. Technical Assistance, $1.4 million through FY72; China, $45 million (1972) Monetary conversion rate: I Maltese pound= US$2.67 (Smithsonian Agreement), December 1971; the Maltese pound began floating in June 1972, with the rate being determined between that of sterling and that of the currencies of Maltas major trading partners; average trade conversion factor, year 1974: 1 Maltese pound = US$2.59 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 760 mi., 650 mi. paved (asphalt), 80 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 30 mi. improved and unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Valletta), 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (both leased) Airfields: 4 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern automatic tele- phone system centered in Valletta; 48,800 telephones; 140,000 radio and 75,000 television receivers; 3 AM, 3 FM, and 1 TV stations; 8 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 89,000; 67,000 fit for military service Supply: has received 2 patrol boats, small arms, and mortars from Libya; vehicles and engineer equipment from Italy Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $9,079,000; about 4.5% of central government budget MARTINIQUE ARItt411111Es. (See reference map I1) LAND 425 sq. mi.; 31% cropland, 16% pasture, 29% forest, 24% wasteland, built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 180 mi. PEOPLE Population: 347,000, average annual growth rate 0.5% (7/70-7/73) Nationality: noun?Martiniquais (sing. and pl.); adjective?Martiniquais Ethnic divisions: 90% African and African- Caucasian-Indian mixture, less than 5% East Indian Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, Creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 100,000; 23% agriculture, 20% public services, 11% construction and public works, 10% commerce and banking, 10% services, 9% industry, 17% other Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Martinique Type: overseas department of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate Capital: Fort-de-France Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 133 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MARTINIQUE/MAURITANIA Branches: executive, prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected council of 36 members and a Regional Council including all members of the local general council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseilleur Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National Assembly, normally every five years; last General Council election took place in March 1973; last local election held September 1973, last French Presidential election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Emile Maurice; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist Party of Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Martinique (UDM), Leon-Laurent Valere; Socialist Party, leader unknown; Federation of the Left, leader unknown Voting strength: UDR, 2 seats in French National Assembly; PPM, 1 seat (1973 election) Communists: 1,000 estimated Other political or pressure groups: Proletarian Action Group (GAP), Socialist Revolution Group (GRS) Member of: WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $339 million (at market prices, 1971), $930 per capita; real growth rate (1971) 8.5% Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, and pineapples Major industries: agricultural processing, par- ticularly sugar milling and rum distillation; cement, oil refining and tourism Electric power: 32,000 kw. capacity (1974); 144 million kw.-hrs. produced (1974), 420 kw.-hrs. per capita Exports: $72 million (f.o.b., 1974); bananas, refined petroleum products, rum, sugar, pineapples Imports: $293 million (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trading partners: exports ? France 82%, Italy 9%, other 9%; imports ? France 70%, United States 6%, Netherlands Antilles 3%, Netherlands 3%, other 18% (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs= US$1 (1974) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 900 mi.; 600 mi. paved, 300 mi. gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Fort-de-France), 5 minor Civil air: no major transport Airfields: 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: domestic facilities inade- quate; 29,300 telephones, inter-island VHF radio links; satellite earth station; 1 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations; about 40,000 radio and 17,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included in France MAURITANIA (See reference map VI) LAND 419,000 sq. mi. ; less than 1% suitable for crops, 10% pasture, 90% desert Land boundaries: 3,180 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 n. mi. (fishing, 6 n. mi. exclusive rights, 6 n. mi. contiguous zone) Coastline: 490 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,339,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7/68-7/74) Nationality: no un?M auri tanian(s ); adjective? Mauritanian Ethnic divisions: 80% Moor, 20% Negro Religion: nearly 100% Muslim Language: Hassaniya Arabic is the national language spoken by some 80% of the population, French is the working language for government and commerce Literacy: about 10% 134 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 MAURITANIA/MAURITIUS Labor force: about 18,000 wage earners (1973); remainder of population in farming and herding Organized labor: 18,000 union members claimed by single union, Mauritanian Workers' Union GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Type: republic; one-party presidential rule since 1960 Capital: Nouakchott Political subdivisions: 12 regions and a capital district Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: president; Executive; separate judiciary (appointed by president) Government leader: President Moktar Ould Daddah Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: presidential and parliamentary election every 5 years; most recent August 1971 Political parties and leaders: Mauritanian Peoples Party is only legal party, Secretary General Moktar Ould Daddah Communists: no Communist Party, but there is a scattering of Maoist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Arab League, CEAO, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $230 million (1972), average annual increase in current prices about 5.0% (1968-72), about $190 per capita Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main products ? livestock, livestock, small grains, dates; cash crop ? gum arabic; livestock Fishing: catch, traditional river fishing, 15,000 metric tons (1969), traditional sea fishing, 2,750 metric tons (valued at $437,000); fish supplied to processing plants by foreign fishing fleets from France, Spain, Canary Islands using Mauritanian waters; exports 22,100 metric tons, $8 million (1970) Major industries: mining of iron ore, salt fishing, exploitation of copper resources planned Electric power: 38,600 kw. capacity (1974); 78 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 70 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $185 million (f.o.b., 1974); iron ore, fish, gum arabic Imports: $177 million (c.i.f., 1974); sugar, cloth, tea, and fuels Major trade partners: (trade figures not complete because Mauritania has a form of customs union with Senegal and much local trade unreported) France and other EC members, U.K., and U.S. are main overseas partners Budget: 1974 est. ? receipts $67.9 million, current expenditures $67.4 million, investment expenditures $7.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 41.33 Ouguyia = US$1 as of June 1975 (currency floating since February 1973) (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 400 mi, standard gage, single track, privately owned Highways: 3,800 mi.; 350 mi. paved; 380 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved; 3,070 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: 500 mi. Ports: 1 major (Nouakchott), 2 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 30 total, 30 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft.; 16 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph fair; 1,300 telephones; 81,500 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 306,000; 146,000 fit for military service; conscription law not implemented Supply: primarily dependent on France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975 (revised), $17,054,253; 16.1% of total budget MAURITIUS LAND 720 sq. mi. (excluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, intensely cultivated; 39% forests, woodlands, mountains, river, and natural reserves; 3% built-up areas; 5% water bodies, 2% roads and tracks, 1% permanent wastelands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 110 mi. Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 135 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MAURITIUS (See reference map VII PEOPLE Population: 890,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (1/73-1/74) Nationality: noun?Mauritian(s); adjective? Mauritian Ethnic divisions: Indians 67%, Creoles 29%, Chinese 3.5%, English and French 0.5% Religion: 51% Hindu, 33% Christian (mostly Catholic with a few Anglican Protestants), 16% Muslim Language: English official language; Hindi, Chinese, French Creole Literacy: estimated 60% for those over 21, and 90% for those of school age Labor force: 175,000; 50% agriculture, 6% industry; 20% government services; 14% are unemployed, under-employed, or self-employed, 10% other Organized labor: about 35% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mauritius Type: independent state since 1968, recognizing Elizabeth II as chief of state Capital: Port Louis Political subdivisions: 5 organized municipalities and various island dependencies Legal system: based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitution adopted 6 March 1968 Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 21-man Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (National Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected, and one nominated Government leader: Prime Minister Dr. Seewoosa- gur Ramgoolam Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: last held in August 1967; next scheduled in 1972 postponed at least 4 years by constitutional amendment Political parties and leaders: a loose government coalition consisting of Labor Party (S. Ramgoolam) and Muslim Committee of Action (A. R. Mohamed); opposition parties ? Parti Mauricien Social Democrate (G. Duval), Independent Forward Bloc (S. Bissoondoyal), Mauritius Democratic Union (M. Lesage), Mouvement Militant Mauritian (P. Berenger), Mouvement Militant Mauritian Socialiste Progressist (D. Virahsawmy) Voting strength: Muslim Committee of Action, 4 seats; Independent Forward Bloc, 4 seats; Mauritius Labor Party, 41 seats; Mauritius Democratic Union, 5 seats; Parti Mauricien Social Democrate, 15 seats; Mouvement Militant Mauritian Socialiste Progressist, I seat; 1 seat vacant Communists: may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Communist organizations; Mauritius Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist Party, Mauritius People's Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League, Mauritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association, Mauritius/USSR Friendship Society Other political or pressure groups: Tamil United Party, Mauritius Workers Party Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $370 million est. (1974), $420 per capita Agriculture: sugar crop is major economic asset; about 40% of land area is planted to sugar; tea production rising slowly; most food imported ? rice is the staple food ? and since cultivation is already intense and expansion of cultivable areas is unlikely, heavy reliance on food imports except sugar and tea will continue Shortage: land Industries: mainly confined to processing sugarcane, tea; some small-scale, simple manufac- tures; tobacco fiber; some fishing; tourism, diamond cutting, weaving and textiles, electronics Electric power: 73,800 kw. capacity (1974); 204 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 231 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $312 million (f.o.b., 1974); mainly sugar, tea, molasses Imports: $309 million (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs 30%, manufactured goods about 25% Major trade partners: all EC-nine countries and U.S. have preferential treatment, U.K. buys over 50% of Mauritius' sugar export at heavily subsidized prices; small amount of sugar exported to Canada, U.S., and Italy; imports from U.K. and EC primarily, 136 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 MAURITIUS/MEXICO also from South Africa, Australia, and Burma; some minor trade with China Budget: revenues $172 million, current ex- penditures $168 million, investment expenditure $65 million (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 6.32 Mauritian rupees =US$1 in August 1975 (floating with pound sterling) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,100 mi.; 990 mi. paved, 110 mi. earth Civil air: no major transport aircraft Ports: 1 major (Port Louis), 2 minor Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: 22,600 telephones; radio telegraph service with Reunion, Malagasy Republic, Seychelles, Zanzibar, and other places in Africa; 1 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 160,000 radio and 25,300 TV sets; submarine cables extend to Republic of South Africa and Seychelles Islands DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 206,000; 103,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1973, $3,981,038; 6.5% of total budget MEXICO (See reference map II) LAND 764,000 sq. mi.; 12% cropland, 40% pasture, 22% forested, 26% other (including waste, urban areas and public lands) Land boundaries: 2,620 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 5,800 mi. PEOPLE Population: 61,009,000, average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun?Mexican(s); adjective? Mexican Ethnic divisions: 60% mestizo, 30% Indian or predominantly Indian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1% other Religion: 97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 65% estimated; 84% claimed officially Labor force (1973): 15.7 million (defined as those 12 years of age and older); 39.5% agriculture, 16.7% manufacturing, 16.6% services, 16.8% construction, utilities, commerce, and transport, 3% government, 7.4% unspecified activities Organized labor: 20% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Mexican States Type: federal republic operating in fact under a centralized government Capital: Mexico Political subdivisions: 31 states, Federal District Legal system: mixture of U.S. constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution established in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: dominant executive, bicameral legisla- ture, Supreme Court Government leader: President Luis Echeverria Suffrage: universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced Elections: national elections July 1976 Political parties and leaders: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Porfirio Munoz Ledo; National Action Party (PAN), Efrain Gonzalez Morfin; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Authentic Party of the Revolution (PARM), Pedro Gonzalez Azcuaga Voting strength: (1973 congressional elections) PRI 69.5%, PAN 14.7%, PPS 3.5%, PARM 1.8%, others 0.8%, annulled 9.7% Communists: estimated 5,000 in Communist Party Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO), National Cofedera- tion of Campesinos (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (GROG) Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA, 137 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 MEXICO/MONACO OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WM() ECONOMY GDP: $64.8 billion (1974 est.), $1,120 per capita; 70% private consumption, 9% public consumption, 21% domestic investment (1973 est.); real growth rate 1974, 6.0% est. Agriculture: main crops ? corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, sorghum, oilseeds, pulses, and vegetables; general self-sufficiency with minor exceptions in meat and dairy products; caloric intake, 3,110 calories per day per capita (1968) Fishing: catch 402,500 metric tons, $95.1 million (1971); exports $61,060,000, imports $12,516,000 (1970) Major industries: processing of food, beverages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment Crude steel: 5.2 million metric tons capacity (1973); 5.1 million metric tons produced (1974); 90 kilograms per capita (1974) Electric power: 9,000,000 kw. capacity (1974); 38 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 660 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2,894 million (f.o.b., 1974); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), sugar, shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cattle and meat, fresh fruit and tomatoes Imports: $6,219 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, equipment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 65%, EC 11%, Japan 4% (1974); imports?U.S. 65%, EC 16%, Japan 3% Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $1,228 million in loans; $164.2 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $2,337 million; from other Western countries (1960-66), $122.7 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY46-72), $14 million Budget: 1974 est. federal, revenues $5,660 million, expenditures $7,800 million Monetary conversion rate: 12.5 pesos= US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 12,300 mi.; 11,610 mi. 4'8?" gage; 690 mi. 3'0" gage; 64 mi. electrified; 12,233 mi. government owned, 67 mi. privately owned Inland waterways: 1,800 mi. navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil, 2,410 mi.; refined products, 2,090 mi.; natural gas, 3,470 mi. January 1976 Ports: 9 major, 20 minor Civil air: 132 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,497 total, 1,467 usable; 116 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 22 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 242 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 9 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with extensive radio relay links; connection into Central American microwave net; communica- tion satellite ground station; 2.6 million telephones, about 6.5 million radio and 4.8 million TV receivers, 600 AM, 100 FM, and 115 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,821,000; 9,758,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 675,000 Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1975, $581.0 million; about 4.6% of direct federal budget (includes merchant marine and military industry) MONACO Mediterranean Sea LAND 0.6 sq. mi. Land boundaries: 2.3 mi. (See reference trap 110 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi Coastline: 2.6 mi PEOPLE Population: 24,000 (official estimate for 31 December 1973) Nationality: noun?Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjective?Monacan or Monegasque Ethnic divisions: Rhaetian stock Religion: Roman Catholicism is official state religion 138 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MONACO/MONGOLIA Language: French Literacy: almost complete GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Monaco Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Monaco Political subdivisions: 4 sections Legal system: based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: National Council (18 members); Communal Council (15 members, headed by a mayor) Government leader: Prince Rainier III Suffrage: universal Elections: National Council every 5 years; most recent 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Entente, Democratic Union Movement, Monegasque Actionist (1973) Voting strength: figures for 1973: National Democratic Entente, 16 seats; Democratic Union Movement and Monegasque Actionist, 1 seat each Member of: IAEA, IHO, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: 55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10%-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino Major industries: chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing Electric power: 8,000 kw. capacity (1974); 80 million kw.-hr. supplied by France (1974), 2,000 kw.- hr. per capita Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc = US$0.2253 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1 mi (see France) Highways: none; city streets Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system with about 21,300 telephones; 2 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station; 12,000 radio and 16,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES France responsible for defense MONGOLIA (See reference map VII) LAND 604,100 sq. mi.; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than 1% arable, 10% forested Land boundaries: 4,975 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,466,000, average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Mongolian(s); adjective? Mongolian Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese Literacy: about 80% Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mongolian Peoples Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Ulaanbaatar Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar and Darhan) Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 139 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MONGOLIA/MOROCCO University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: constitution provides for a People's Great Hural (national assembly) and a highly centralized administration Party and government leaders: Y. Tsedenbal, First Secretary of the MPRP and Chairman of the People's Great Hural; J. Batmunh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers Suffrage: universal; age 18 and over Elections: national assembly elections held every 4 years; last elections held in June 1973 Political party: Mongolian People's Revolutionary (Communist) Party (MPRP); estimated membership, 58,000 (claimed 1972) Member of: CEMA, ESCAP, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising predominates; main crops ? wheat, oats, barley Industries: processing of animal products; building materials; mining Electric power: 246,600 kw. capacity (1974); 740 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 521 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: beef for slaughter meat products, wool, fluorspar, other minerals Imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials sugar, and tea Major trade partners: nearly all trade with Communist countries (approx. 80% with U.S.S.R.); total turnover over $600 million (1974) Aid: heavily dependent on U.S.S.R. Monetary conversion rate: 3.31 tugriks.US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 909 route mi.; all broad gage (5'0") (1974) Inland waterways: 385 miles of principal routes (1975) Freight carried: rail ?5.1 million short tons, 1,046 million short ton mi. (1974); highway?about 16.0 million short tons (1973); 1,120 million short ton/mi. (1974) DEFENSE FORCES Supply: military equipment supplied by U.S.S.R. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 268 million tugriks, 10% of total budget 140 MOROCCO PORTII Atlantic Ocean (See reference map VII LAND 158,100 sq. mi.; about 32% arable and grazing land, 17% forest and esparto, 51% desert, waste, and urban Land boundaries: 1,240 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing, 70 n mi.) Coastline: 1,140 mi. PEOPLE Population: 17,687,000, average annual growth rate 3.2% (7/71-7/74) Nationality: noun?Moroccan(s); adjective? Moroccan Ethnic divisions: 99.1% Arab-Berber, 0.2% Jewish, 0.7% non-Moroccan Religion: 98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much business, government, diplomacy, and postprimary education Literacy: 20% Labor force: 6.3 million (1971 est.) 50% agriculture, 15% industry, 26% services, 9% other Organized labor: about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Morocco Type: constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1972) Capital: Rabat Political subdivisions: 28 provinces and 2 prefectures Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 MOROCCO legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V University in Rabat and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and responsible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral legislature in abeyance until elections are held (two- thirds to be directly elected, one third indirectly); judiciary independent of other branches Government leaders: King Hassan II; Prime Minister Ahmed Osman Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: last parliamentary elections held 21 and 28 August 1970 for Council of Representatives which was dissolved in March 1972; elections for new parliament created by Constitution adopted 15 March 1972 have not been held Political parties and leaders: Istiqlal Party, M'hamed Boucetta; Popular Movement (MP), Mahjoubi Aherdan; Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement (MPCD), Dr. Abdelkrim Khatib; National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP), split into competitive factions under Abdallah Ibrahim and Mahjoub Ben Seddik of Casablanca-based faction and Abderrahim Bouabid of Rabat-based faction with latter becoming Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) in September 1974; Democratic Constitu- tional Party (PDC), Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), legalized in August 1974, successor to Party for Progress and Socialisim (PPS), is front for Moroccan Communist Party (MCP), which was proscribed in 1959, Ali Yata; Istiqlal and the UNFP formed a National Front in July 1970 to oppose the new constitution, boycotted the parliamentary elections and the 1972 constitu- tional referendum Voting strength: August 1970 elections were nonpolitical; 1 March 1972 constitutional referendum tallied 98.7% for new constitution, 1.25% opposed and National Front abstained from voting Communists: 300 est. Member of: AFDB, Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $6 billion (1975 est. in 1974 dollars), about $350 per capita; average annual real growth 4% during 1970-73 Agriculture s cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; main products ? wheat, barley, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; some fishing Fishing: catch 246,000 metric tons, $21.0 million (1972); exports $37.9 million (1971) Major sectors: mining and mineral processing (phosphates, smaller quantities of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and other minerals), food processing, textiles, construction and tourism Electric power: 745,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 152 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,706 million (f.o.b., 1974); phosphates 55%, agricultural goods 25%, other 20% Imports: $1,914 million (f.o.b., 1974); raw material and semi-finished goods 42%, food 24%, equipment 20%, consumer goods 14% Major trade partners: exports ? France 32%, West Germany 8%, Italy 8%, Benelux 7%, U.K. 2%; imports ? France 31%, U.S. 8%, West Germany 7%, Italy 6% (1972) Monetary conversion rate: 4.15 dirhams =US$1 (trade rate in 1974) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,091 mi. standard gage, 93 mi. double track; 493 mi. electrified Highways: 32,180 mi.; 11,203 mi. bituminous, 3,244 mi. gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 17,733 mi. unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 85 mi.; refined products, 305 mi.; natural gas, 60 mi. Ports: 8 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 10 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Airfields: 83 total, 83 usable; 24 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 11 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 36 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: superior system by African standards composed of open-wire lines, coaxial, multiconductor and submarine cables and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Sebaa Aioun, Tangier and Tetouan; 181,000 telephones; 1.5 million radio and 336,000 TV receivers; 24 Moroccan AM, 1 Voice of America AM, 3 FM, 17 TV stations; 11 submarine cables; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,779,000; 2,242,000 fit for military service; about 185,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $339,248,800; 8.7% of total budget 141 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 MOZAMBIQUE MOZAMBIQUE MOZAMBIQUE ((maraca Marques Indian Ocean (See reference map VI) LAND 303,769 sq. mi.; 30% arable, of which 1% cultivated, 56% woodland and forest, 14% wasteland and inland water Land boundaries: 2,875 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,535 mi. PEOPLE Population: 9,116,000, average annual growth rate 2.0% (7/71-7/72) Nationality: noun?Mozambican(s); adjective? Mozambique Ethnic divisions: 97% African, 3% European, Asian, and Mulatto Religion: 65.6% animist, 21.5% Christian, 10.5% Muslim, 2.4% other Language: Portuguese (official); many tribal dialects Literacy: 7%-10% (est.) Labor force: (1963 est.) 610,000; 50,000 non- African wage earners, 560,000 African wage earners in Mozambique; 290,000 additional African wage earners temporarily working in Rhodesia and South Africa; unemployment serious problem; most native Africans provide unskilled labor or remain in subsistence agricultural sector Organized labor: approx. 47,000 (end of 1970); 75% are white GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Mozambique Type: peoples republic; achieved independence from Portugal in June 1975 Capital: Lourenco Marques Political subdivisions: 10 districts administered by district governors; municipalities governed by appointed official Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law Branches: none established Government leader: President Samora Machel; Vice-President Marcelino dos Santos Suffrage: not yet established Elections: information not available on future election schedule Political parties and leaders: the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party Communists: none known Member of: OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $2.3 billion (1972), about $250 per capita; average annual growth probably stagnant or falling Agriculture: cash crops ? raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal; other crops ? corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, and cassava; self- sufficient in food except for wheat which must be imported Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos, cement products); tobacco Electric power: 442,000 kw. capacity (1974); 558 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 66 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $240 million (f.o.b., 1974); cashew nuts, cotton, sugar, mineral products, timber products, tea, copra, petroleum products Imports: $480 million (c.i.f., 1974 prelim.); (c.i.f., 1972); machinery and electrical equipment, cotton textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, wine, iron and steel Major trade partners: over one-third of foreign trade with Portugal; South Africa, U.S., U.K., West Germany Aid: mainly from Portugal Budget: (FY75) balanced at $530 million prelim. Monetary conversion rate: 26.68 escudos= US$1 as of August 1975 (approximate realigned rate), floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,965 mi.; 1,877 mi. 3'6" gage (6 mi. double track), 88 mi. 25?" gage Highways: 20,000 mi.; 1,740 mi. paved; 18,260 other (mostly earth) Inland waterways: approx. 2,330 mi. of navigable routes 142 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1970 MOZAMBIQUE/NAURU Pipelines: crude oil, 190 mi. Ports: 3 major (Lourenco Marques, Beira, Nacala), 2 significant minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft Airfields: 332 total, 327 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft.; 39 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,204,000; 1,108,000 fit for military service NAURU NAURU ? Pacific Ocean Coral Sea (See reference map VIII) LAND 8.2 sq. mi.; insignificant arable land, no urban areas, extensive phosphate mines WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 15 mi. PEOPLE Population: 7,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1969) Nationality: noun?Nauruan(s); adjective? Nauruan Ethnic divisions: 48% Nauruans, 19% Chinese, 7% Europeans, 26% other Pacific Islanders Religion: Christian (% Protestant, 1/3 Catholic) Language: Nauruan, a distinct Pacific Island tongue; English, the language of school instruction, spoken and understood by nearly all Literacy: nearly universal GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nauru Type: republic; independent since January 1968 Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Uaboe District Political subdivisions: 14 districts Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly elected unicameral legislature, the Parliament; Cabinet to assist the President, four members, appointed by President from Parliament members Government leader: President Hammer De Roburt Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last held in January 1971 Political parties and leaders: there are no political parties; De Roburt is only significant political figure Member of: no present plans to join U.N.; enjoys -special membership- in Commonwealth; South Pacific Commission, ESCAP, INTERPOL, ITU, UPU ECONOMY GNP: $28 million (1970), $4,000 per capita (est.) Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food, water Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year (1970) Electric power: 8,300 kw. capacity (1974); 24 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 3,428 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $27 million (f.o.b., 1970 est.), consisting entirely of phosphates Imports: $5 million (c.i.f., FY70) Major trade partners: exports?Australia 58%, New Zealand 22%, Japan 18%; imports?Australia 75%, U.K. 8%, New Zealand 5%, Japan 5% Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dol- lar = US$1.31 (official) (1975) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 17 mi.; 13 mi. paved, 4 mi. improved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1, coral-surfaced, 5,270 ft. Telecommunications: adequate intraisland and international radiocommunications provided via Australian facilities; 540 telephones; 3,575 radio receivers, 1 AM, but no TV or FM radiobroadcasting facilities DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 1,800; fit for military service, about 1,000; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 1975-79, less than 100 No formal defense structure and no regular armed forces 143 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 NEPAL NEPAL (See reference map VIII LAND 54,600 sq. mi.; 16% agricultural area, 14% permanent meadows and pastures, 38% alpine land (imarable), waste, or urban; 32% forested Land boundaries: 1,720 mi. PEOPLE Population: 12,731,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (6/71-6/74) Nationality: noun?Nepalese (sing. and pl.); ad- jective?Nepalese Ethnic divisions: two main categories, Indo- Nepalese (about 80%) and Tibeto-Nepalese (about 20%), representing considerable intermixture of Indo- Aryan and Mongolian racial strains; country divided among many quasi-tribal communities Religion: only official Hindu Kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians Language: 20 mutually unintelligible languages divided into numerous dialects; Nepali official language and lingua franca for much of the country; same script as Hindi Literacy: about 12% Labor force: 4.1 million; 95% agriculture, 5% industry; great lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Nepal Type: constitutional monarchy; King Birendra exercises autocratic control over multitiered panchayat system of government Capital: Kathmandu Political subdivisions: 75 districts, 14 zones Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; indirectly elected National Panchayat (Assembly) Government leader: King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva; Prime Minister Nagendra Prasad Rijal Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: village and town councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage; district, zonal, and National Panchayat members indirectly elected, most for 6-year terms; 15 National Panchayat members elected from five class organizations (women, workers, youth, and ex-servicemen), four directly elected by all voters possessing a B.A. or its equivalent, and 16 are appointed by the King Political parties and leaders: all political parties outlawed Communists: the combined membership of the two wings of the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) may be on the order of 6,500, the majority (perhaps 5,000) in the pro-Chinese wing; the CPN continues to operate more or less openly, but internal dissension has greatly hindered its effectiveness Other political or pressure groups: proscribed Nepali Congress Party led by B.P. Koirala from exile in India Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Seabeds Committee, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,071 million (FY73 at current prices), less than $100 per capita; 2% real growth in FY73 Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agriculture; main crops ? rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette, and brick factories Electric power: 64,000 kw. capacity (1974); 110 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 9 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $48 million est. (FY70); rice and other food products, jute, timber Imports: $84 million est. (FY70); manufactured consumer goods, fuel, construction materials, food products Major trade partner: over 80% India Monetary conversion rate: 12.5 Nepalese rupees= US$1 (October 1975) Fiscal year: 15 July - 14 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 105 mi., all narrow gage (2'6"), mostly government owned; all in Terai close to Indian border; only 33 mi, sector from border to Bizalpura 144 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NEPAL/NETHERLANDS presently in use; a 28 mi. segment has been abandoned and 44 mi. utilized to transport rock from quarry near Dharau to Kosi Dam near Rajbiras Highways: 1,686 mi.; 510 mi. paved, 270 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 906 mi. improved and unimproved earth, 200 mi. of seasonally motorable tracks Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 57 total, 56 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: poor telephone and tele- graph service; good radiocommunication and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor; 9,162 telephones, 76,000 radio and no TV sets, 3 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,073,000; 1,550,000 fit for military service; 140,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 15 July 1975, $9.7 million; 5.6% of total budget NETHERLANDS (See reference map IV) LAND 13,100 sq. mi.; 70% cultivated, forested, 8% inland water, 9% other Land boundaries: 635 mi. 5% waste, WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 280 mi. 8% mi. PEOPLE Population: 13,715,000, average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun?Netherlander(s); adjective? Netherlands Ethnic divisions: 99% Dutch, 1% Indonesian and other Religion: 41% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic, 19% unaffiliated Language: Dutch Literacy: 98% Labor force: 4.7 million; 30% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, 10% agriculture, 9% construction, 7% transportation and communications, 4% other; 4.8% unemployment (August 1975) Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of the Netherlands Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amsterdam, but government resides at The Hague Political subdivisions: 11 provinces governed by centrally appointed commissioners of Queen Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution of 1815 frequently amended, reissued 1947; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order than Acts of Parliament; legal education at six law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive, (Queen and Cabinet of Ministers), which is responsible to bicameral states general (parliament); independent judiciary Government leader: Head of State, Queen Juliana; Johannes den Uyl, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: must be held at least every 4 years for lower house (most recent November 1972), and every 3 years for upper house (most recent March 1974) Political parties and leaders: Catholic People's Party (KVP), Dr. D. de Zeeuw; Antirevolutionary (ARP), A. Veerman; Labor (PvdA), Mrs. len Van Den Heuvel; Liberal (VVD), Mrs. H. van Sommeren- Downer; Christian Historical Union (CHU), Otto W. A. Barou Van Verschuer; Democrats '66 (D-66), Jan ter Brink; Communist (CPN), Henk Hoekstra; Pacifist Socialist (PSP), P. A. Burggraff; Political Reformed (SGP), H. G. Abma; Reformed Political Union (GVP), G. Veurink; Radical Party (PPR), Marcel Van Dam; Democratic Socialist '70 (DS-70), Fred L. Polak; Farmers' Party (BP), Hendrik Koekoek; Roman Catholic Party (RKPN), leader unknown Voting strength (1972 election): 17.7% KVP, 14.4% VVD, 8.8% ARP, 4.8% CHU, 27.4% PydA, 4.2% D-66, 4.1% DS-70, 4.5% CPN, 1.5% PSP, 4.8% PRP, 2.2% SGP, 1.8% GVP, 1.9% BP, .9% RKP Communists: 9,000 members; 329,973 votes in 1972 election 145 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NETHERLANDS/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Other political or pressure groups: great multinational firms; Socialist, Catholic, and Protestant trade unions; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; the non- denominational Federation of Netherlands Enter- prises Member of: ADB, Benelux, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $69.2 billion (1974 in current prices), $5,120 per capita; 56% consumption, 22% investment, 17% government; 5% foreign balance; 1974 growth rate 3.3% in constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops ? horticultural crops, grains, potatoes, sugar beets; food shortages ? grains, fats, oils; calorie intake, 3,186 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Fishing: catch 323,000 metric tons, $150 million (1973); exports 251,398 metric tons, imports 131,438 metric tons (1973) Major industries: food processing, metal and engineering products, electrical and electronic machinery and equipment, chemicals, and petroleum products Shortages: crude petroleum, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp, pulpwood, lumber, feedgrains, and oilseeds Crude steel: 6.1 million metric ton capacity; 5.8 million metric tons produced (1974), 430 kilograms per capita Electric power: 12,200,000 kw. capacity (1974); 55.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 3,350 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $32,698 million (fob., 1974); foodstuffs, machinery, transportation equipment, consumer manufactures, chemicals, petroleum products, textiles Imports: $32,512 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, transportation equipment, consumer manufactures, crude petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp Major trade partners: (1974) 64% EC, 28% W. Germany, 13% Belgium-Luxembourg, 6% U.S. Aid: economic ? U.S., $1,367 million authorized (FY46-73); IBRD, $236 million authorized (FY46-73), none since 1958; military ? U.S., $1,255 million authorized (FY49-73), none since FY65; net official aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $1,458 million (FY62-72), $315 million (1972) January 1976 Budget: (1974) revenues $18.6 billion, expenditures $19.7 billion, deficit $1.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.689 guilders= US$1, average 1974, floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,862 mi., standard gage; 1,758 government-owned (NS), 1,023 mi. electrified, 970 mi. double track; 104 mi. privately-owned Highways: approximately 63,100 mi. including 900 mi. of limited access, divided -Motorways"; about 51,400 mi. paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 1,700 mi. unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth) Inland waterways: 3,940 mi., of which 35% is usable by craft of 1,000 short-ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil, 260 mi.; refined products, 600 mi.; natural gas, 2,790 mi. Ports: 8 major, 5 minor Civil air: 110 major transport aircraft (including 8 aircraft registered in the Netherlands but leased from a foreign country) Airfields: 28 total, 27 usable; 16 with permanent- surface runways; 13 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: highly developed, ex- cellently maintained, and well integrated; extensive system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by radio-relay links; 4.86 million telephones; 9 million radiobroadcast and 3.65 million TV receivers; 5 AM, 12 FM, and 11 TV stations; 12 coaxial submarine cables; communications satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,393,000; 3,046,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 117,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $2,735 million; about 12% of central government budget NETHERLANDS ANTILLES LAND 394 sq. mi.; 5% arable, 95% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 226 mi. PEOPLE Population: 241,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (1/74-1/75) Nationality: noun?Netherlands Antillean(s), adjective?Netherlands Antillean 146 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Caribbean Sea NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (See reference map If Ethnic divisions: 85% largely mixed Negro stock except on Aruba where 12% Negro and approx. 55% mixed Carib Indian and European; rest European with some Chinese, especially on Aruba Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; sizable Protestant, smaller Jewish minorities Language: officially Dutch; predominantly English; colloquial papiamento,- a Spanish- Portuguese-Dutch-English mixture Literacy: 75%-80% Labor force: 66,000; 1% agriculture, 21% industry, 21% unemployed, 8% construction, 41% government and services, 8% other Organized labor: approx. 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Netherlands Antilles Type: territory within Kingdom of the Netherlands, enjoying complete domestic autonomy Capital: Willemstad; Curacao, center of govern- ment Political subdivisions: 4 island territories ? Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and the Windward Islands ? St. Eustatius, southern part of St. Martin (northern part is French), Saba Legal system: based on civil law system, with some English common law influence; Dutch Country Statute of 1955 serves as constitution Branches: federal executive power, under nominal head of Governor (appointed by the Crown), exercised by 8-member Council of Ministers or Cabinet; legislative power rests with 22-member Legislative Council; independent court system under control of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Justice (administra- tive functions under Minister of Justice); each island territory has island council headed by Lieutenant Governor for local administration Government leaders: Minister-President Juan Evertsz Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: general elections held every 4 years, last held August 1973; Island council elections every 2 years, last held April and May 1975 Political parties and leaders: the Democratic Party (DP); Antilles Social Progress Movement (MASA) led by Ciro Kroon; the Aruba Patriotic Party (PPA) led by S. J. Trompe; the National People's Party (NVP), S. D. Abbad; the Aruba People's Party (AVP) led by Dominico Guzman Croes; the National Aruban Union Party/Independent Aruban Party (UNA/PIA) led by A. Werleman/M. Croes; Bonaire Democratic Party led by L. A. Abraham; Windward Island Democratic Party led by A. C. Wathey; Social Progressive Action Party, S. R. Goeloe; Antillean Reform Union (URA), Roberto Suriel; Curacao Independent Party (COP), Peter Vander Hoven; Radical People's Party (PRP), Max de Castro; Worker's Party (Frente Obrero); People's Electoral Movement (MEP), separatist party Voting strength (1973 general election): DP/PPA, 8 seats; NVP, 5 seats; Frente Obrero, 3 seats, MEP, 5 seats; labor coalition, 1 seat Communists: no Communist Party Member of: EC (associate), WCL, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $209 million (1973), $890 per capita Agriculture: little production Major industries: petroleum refining on Curacao and Aruba; tourism on Curacao, Aruba, and St. Martin; phosphate mining on Curacao Electric power: 300,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 5,600 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,379 million (f.o.b., 1973); petroleum products, phosphate Imports: $1,604 million (c.i.f., 1973); crude petroleum, food manufactures Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 43%, EC 16%, Latin America 13%, U.K. 10%, Canada 7%; imports ? Venezuela 72%, U.S. 10%, Netherlands 4% (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 1.79 Netherlands Antillean florins (NAF)= US$1, official Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 700 mi.; 350 mi. paved, 220 mi. otherwise improved, 130 mi. unimproved Ports: 3 major (Willemstad, Oranjestad, Caracor Baai), 6 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 7 total, all usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station 147 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES/NEW CALEDONIA Telecommunications: generally adequate telecom facilities; extensive interisland VHF links; 40,000 telephones, 132,000 radio and 35,000 TV receivers, 11 AM and 3 TV stations, 5 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 60,000; 34,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (20) annually Defense is responsibility of the Netherlands NEW CALEDONIA (See reference map VIII) LAND 8,500 sq. mi.; 6% cultivable, 22% pasture land, 15% forests, 57% waste or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing, 3 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,400 mi. PEOPLE Population: 136,000, average annual growth rate 3.8% (7/61-7/72) Nationality: noun?New Caledonian(s); adjec- tive?New Caledonian Ethnic divisions: Melanesian-Polynesian admix- ture, over 28,000 Europeans of French extraction Religion: natives 90% Christian Language: Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Literacy: unknown Labor force: size unknown; Javanese and Tonkinese laborers were imported for plantations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia Organized labor: unorganized January 1976 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Territory of New Caledonia Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by one deputy and one Senator Capital: Noumea Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group dependencies ? Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledonia Legal system: French law Branches: administered by Governor, who is also High Commissioner for France in the Pacific; responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and Governing Council; Assemblee Territoriale Government leader: Jean Risterucci, Governor and French High Commissioner Suffrage: restricted (1957 election roll listed 32,370 males and females over 21 years of age, of whom 18,964 were classed as indigenous inhabitants) Elections: Assembly elections in 1972 Political parties: Union Caledonienne, Entente Democratique et sociale, Union Multiraciale, Mouvement Liberal Caledonien, Union Democra- tique, Mouvement Populaire Caledonien Voting strength (1972 election): Union Caledoni- enne, 12 seats; Entente Sociale et Democratique, 6 seats; Union Multiraciale, 5 seats; Mouvement Liberal Caledonien, 5 seats; Union Democratique, 4 seats; Mouvement Populaire Caledonien, 2 seats; Caledonie Francaise, 1 seat Communists: number unknown; Union Caledoni- enne strongly leftist; some politically active Communists were deported during 1950's; small number of North Vietnamese Other political parties and pressure groups: several lesser parties Member of: EIB (associate), WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $193 million, $1,800 per capita (1971 est.) Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; major products ? coffee and vegetables; 60% self sufficient in beef; must import grains and vegetables Industry: mining of nickel Electric power: 261,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 12,698 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $263 million (f.o.b., 1974); 99% nickel Imports: $283 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, transport equipment, food Major trade partners: (1972) exports ? France 55%, Japan 24%, U.S. 11%; imports ? France 52%, Australia 13%, rest of EEC 12% Monetary conversion rate: 86 CFP francs= US$1 (1972) 148 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 NEW CALEDONIA/NEW HEBRIDES/NEW ZEALAND COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,206 mi.; 228 mi. paved; 808 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized surface; 495 mi, improved earth; 1,675 mi. earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 major (Noumea), 21 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 31 total, 31 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 airfield over 8,000 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 14,364 telephones; 30,500 radio and 13,000 TV sets; 1 AM, no FM, and 3 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station NEW HEBRIDES BRITISH SOLOMONS Pacific Ocean ral Sea HEI111117Es... NEW CALEDONIA (See reference map VIII) LAND About 5,700 sq. mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 n. mi. Coastline: about 1,570 mi. PEOPLE Population: 97,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/68-7/74) Nationality: noun?New Hebridean(s); adjec- tive?New Hebrides Ethnic divisions: 92% indigenous Melanesian, 3% European, remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders Religion: most at least nominally Christian Literacy: probably 10%-20% GOVERNMENT Legal name: New Hebrides Condominium Type: Anglo-French condominium Capital: Vila Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: 3 sets of courts; one each for French and British subjects, one for New Hebrides native affairs Branches: Advisory Council of 30 members with no real legislative powers, majority elected Government leader: two resident commissioners, one French, one British Political parties and leaders: New Hebrides National Party, founded 1971, chairman, Walter Lini ECONOMY Agriculture: export crops of copra, cocoa, coffee, some livestock and fish production; subsistence crops of copra, taro, yams Electric power: 4,200 kw. capacity (1974); 11 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 122 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $14 million (1973); copra, frozen fish Imports: $28 million (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 1 pound = US$2.37 (official currency), 0.74 Australian $ =US$1, 86 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: at least 150 mi. sealed or all-weather roads Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: I AM broadcast station; 10,000 radio receivers, and 800 telephones DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: no military forces maintained, however, the French and British maintain constabularies of about 70 men each NEW ZEALAND LAND 103,736 sq. mi.; 3% cultivated, 50% pasture; 10% parks and reserves; 20% waste, water, etc., 1% urban, 16% forested; 4 principal islands, 2 minor inhabited islands, several minor uninhabited islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: about 9,400 mi. PEOPLE Population: 3,164,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (1/74-1/75) 149 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 NEW ZEALAND (See reference mep VIII) Nationality: noun?New Zealander(s); adjective? New Zealand Ethnic divisions: 93% European, 7% Maori Religion: 90% Christian, 9% none or unspecified; 1% Hindu, Confucian, and other Literacy: 98% Labor force: 1,176,600; 13% agriculture, 33% manufacturing and construction, 9% transportation and communications, 24% commerce and finance, 21% administrative and professional (1974 figures) Organized labor: 52% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of New Zealand (rarely used) Type: independent state within Commonwealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Wellington Political subdivisions: 112 counties Legal system: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maori tribesmen; constitution consists of various documents, including certain acts of the U.K. and New Zealand Parliaments; legal education at Victoria, Auckland, Canterbury, and Otago Universities; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: unicameral legislature (General As- sembly, commonly called Parliament); Cabinet responsible to Parliament; 3-level court system (Magistrates' Courts, Supreme Court, and Court of Appeal) Government leader: Prime Minister Robert D. M uldoon Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: held at 3 year intervals or sooner if parliament is disolved by Prime Minister; last election November 1975 Political parties and leaders: National Party ((;overnment), Robert D. Muldoon; Labour Party (Opposition), Wallace E. Howling; Social Credit Political League, Bruce Beetham; Communist Party, George Victor Wilcox; pro-Soviet Socialist Unity Party, George Edward Jackson Voting strength (1975 election): National Party 53 seats, Labour Party 34 seats Communists: CPNZ about 300, SUP about 100 Member of: ADB, ANZUS, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $11.7 billion (1974), $3,870 per capita; real average annual growth (1969-74) 3.8% Agriculture: fodder and silage crops about one-half of area planted in field crops; main products ? wool, meat, dairy products; New Zealand is food surplus country; caloric intake, 3,500 calories per day per capita (1964) Fishing: catch 58,000 metric tons (1972), $29.4 million 1973 Major industries: food processing, textile production, machinery, transport equipment; wood and paper products Electric power: 4,653,000 kw. capacity (1974); 18.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 6,101 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.1 billion including re-exports (f.o.b., trade year 1975); principal products (1974) ? meat 30%, wool 20%, dairy products 17% Imports: $3.7 billion (c.i.f., trade year 1975); ma- chinery 30%, manufactured goods 24%, chemicals 12% (1974) Major trade partners: trade year 1975); exports- 22% U.K., 12% U.S., 12% Japan, 11% Australia; imports-19% Australia, 19% U.K., 14% Japan, 13% U.S. Aid: gross official aid deliveries to LDC and multilateral agencies 1973, $27.6 million Budget: expenditures, 3,325 million NZ$, receipts, 3,070 million NZ$ (FY75) Monetary conversion rate: NZ$1 = US$1.06, October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March NOTE: trade data are for year ending 30 June 1975; trade year and fiscal year do not correspond COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,982 mi.; all 3'6" gage; 170 mi. double track; 70 mi. electrified; over 99% government owned Highways: 57,400 mi. (1974); 27,925 mi. paved, 29,475 mi. gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 1,000 mi.; of little importance to transportation 150 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NEW ZEALAND/NICARAGUA Pipelines: natural gas, 488 mi. Ports: 3 major Civil air: 57 major transport aircraft Airfields: 182 total, 177 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 48 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent international and domestic systems; 1,410,532 telephones; 2,700,000 radio and 760,847 TV sets; 60 AM stations in 31 cities, no FM, and 4 TV stations, and 120 repeaters; submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji Islands; I ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 723,000; 610,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 25,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $238.3 million; about 4% of central government budget NICARAGUA (See reference map II) LAND 57,100 sq. mi.; 7% arable, 7% prairie and pasture, 50% forest, 36% urban, waste, or other Land boundaries: 760 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 200 n. mi.; continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 565 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,188,000, average annual growth rate 8.3% (7/70-7/74) Nationality: noun?Nicaraguan(s); adjective? Nicaraguan Ethnic divisions: 69% mestizo, 17% white, 9% Negro, 5% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish (official); small English- speaking minority on Atlantic coast Literacy: 50% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 620,000 (1974 est.); 50% agriculture, 12% manufacturing, 14% services, 24% other; shortage of skilled labor, but underemployment of un- skilled labor except during harvest Organized labor: about 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nicaragua Type: republic Capital: Managua Political subdivisions: 1 national district and 16 departments Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted in 1974; legal education at Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua and Universidad Centroamericana; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion Branches: President (traditionally dominant) bicameral legislature, judiciary elected by legislature, and Supreme Electoral Tribunal (4th branch) Government leaders: President Anastasio Somoza Suffrage: universal over age 18 if married or literate, otherwise 21 Elections: every 6 years; municipal elections every 3 years Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Liberal Party (PLN), Anastasio Somoza; Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN), Edmund() Paguaga Voting strength (1974 elections): PLN, 95% of votes; 5% of votes; PCN will, however, occupy 40% of legislative seats by constitutional provision Communists: Communist movement split into hard-line Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) illegal, 60 members; soft-line Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCN) illegal, 40 members, and small pro-Castro Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN) activist, 50-60 members; about 1,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Union of Liberation (UDEL), an opposition front lacking legal status of a political party, composed of anti-Somoza political movements and labor groups with orientations ranging from conservative to Christian Democrat to Communist, leadership includes Pedro J. Chamorro, Ramiro Sacasa, Ignacio Zelaya, Manuel Morales, Domingo Sanchez Member of: CACM, FAO, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IPU, 151 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NICARAGUA/NIGER ITU, OAS, ODECA, Seabeds Committee U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,230 million (1973 prices, 1974), $580 per capita; 70% private consumption, 6% government consumption, 27% domestic investment, ?3% net foreign balance (1973); real growth rate 1974, 11% Agriculture: main crops ? cotton, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, beans, cattle; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 11,200 metric tons (1972); $9.6 million (1970); exports $6.1 million (1971) Major industries: food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles and clothing Electric power: 217,000 kw. capacity (1974); 700 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 345 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $382 million (f.o.b., 1974); cotton, coffee, chemical products, meat, sugar Imports: $563 million (c.i.f., 1974); food and non- food agricultural products, chemicals and phar- maceuticals, transportation equipment, machinery, construction materials, clothing, petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 33%, Japan 12%, CACM 22%, West Germany 9%; imports ?U.S. 34%, CACM 27%, Japan 7%, West Germany 7%, Venezuela 5% (1973) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (U.S. FY46- 73), $137 million loans, $76 million grants; international organizations (U.S. FY46-73), $240 million; military ? from U.S. (U.S. FY46-73), $17 million Monetary conversion rate: 7 cordobas =US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 220 mi.; 200 mi. of 3'6" gage, government owned; 20 mi. narrow gage, privately owned Highways: 8,050 mi.; 850 mi. paved, 3,200 mi. otherwise improved, 4,000 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: 1,380 mi., including 2 large lakes Pipelines: crude oil, 45 mi. Ports: 4 major (Carinto, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Somaza, San Juan del Sur), 6 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 421 total, 414 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 8 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: low-capacity wire and radio-relay network; connection into Central American microwave net; satellite ground station; January 1976 18,500 telephones; est. 700,000 radio and 75,000 TV receivers; 75 AM, 30 FM, and 7 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 516,000; 316,000 fit for military service; 23,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $19.7 million for the Ministry of Defense, including civil functions (e.g., police and civil air); 7.4% of central government budget NIGER ENIN Gulf of Guinea (See reference map VI) LAND 489,000 sq. mi.; about 3% cultivated, perhaps 20% somewhat arable, remainder desert Land boundaries: 3,570 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,662,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% (7/70-7/74) Nationality: noun?Nigerois (sing. and pl.); adjective?Niger Ethnic divisions: main Negroid groups 75% (of which, Hausa 50%, Djerma and Songhai 21%); Caucasian elements include Tuareg, Toubous, and Tamacheks; mixed group includes Fulani Religion: 80% Muslim, remainder largely animists and a very few Christians Language: French official, many African lan- guages; Hausa used for trade Literacy: about 5% Labor force: 26,000 wage earners; bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Niger 152 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 NIGER/NIGERIA Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1974 Capital: Niamey Political subdivisions: 7 departments, 32 arrondissements Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960, suspended 1974; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by Provisional Supreme Military Council (SMC) composed of 12 army officers Government leader: President Lt. Col. Seyni Kountche Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no Communist party; some sympa- thizers in outlawed Sawaba party Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, Entente, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $400 million (1972 est.), $100 per capita Agriculture: commercial ? peanuts, cotton, livestock; main food crops ? millet, sorghum, niebe beans, vegetables Major industries: cement plant, brick factory, rice mill, small cotton gins, oil presses, slaughterhouse, and a few other small light industries; uranium production began in 1971 Electric power: 61,200 kw. capacity (1974); 59 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 13 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $62 million (f.o.b., 1973); about 60% peanuts and related products, rest largely livestock, hides, skins; exports understated because much regional trade not recorded Imports: $86 million (c.i.f., 1973); fuels, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, consum- er goods (largely for European residents); sizable imports unrecorded Major trade partners: France (over 50%), other EC countries, Nigeria, UDEAC countries, U.S.; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic ? France (1960 to mid-1967) $68 million; EC (FY61-73) $100 million; U.S. (FY61-73) $26 million; West Germany, Israel, Republic of China, and U.N. have also extended aid; military ? $2.8 million (1954-68) Budget: projected to balance at about $70 million (1975) Monetary conversion rate: about 219.98 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine= US$1 as of August 1975, floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 4,640 mi.; 580 mi. bituminous, 1,640 mi. gravel, 2,420 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: Niger River navigable 185 miles from Niamey to Gaya on the Dahomey frontier from mid-December through March Ports: Niger landlocked; outlet to sea is Cotonou, Dahomey Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 60 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 17 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: principal telecommunica- tion center Niamey; telephone poor, telegraph fair, 3,300 telephones; 100,000 radio and 500 TV receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,042,000; 556,000 fit for military service; about 43,000 reach military age (18) annually NIGERIA (See reference map 111) LAND 357,000 sq. mi.; 24% arable (13% of total land area under cultivation), 35% forested, 41% desert, waste, urban, or other Land boundaries: 2,507 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 n. mi. Coastline: 530 mi. 153 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NIGERIA PEOPLE Population: 63,825,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun?Nigerian(s); adjective? Nigerian Ethnic divisions: 250 tribal groups, of which most important are Hausa-Fulani (north), Ibo and Yoruba (south); these 3 tribes total over 60% of population; about 27,000 non-Africans Religion: 47% Muslim, 34% Christian, 19% other Literacy: est. 25% Language: English official; Hausa, Yoruba, and lbo also widely used Labor force: approx. 22.5 million; about 41% of total population; roughly 1.3 million wage earners, of whom 560,000 work in modern enterprises Organized labor: about 530,000 wage earners, approx. 2.4% of total labor force, belong to some 700 unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Federal Republic of Nigeria Type: federal republic since 1963; under military rule since January 1966 Capital: Lagos Political subdivisions: 12 states, headed by a military governor Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; new constitution to be prepared; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Branches: Federal Military Government; decrees issued by Supreme Military Council, advised by largely civilian Federal Executive Council Government leader: Brigadier Muriala Muham- med, Head of Federal Military Government and Commander in Chief of Nigerian Armed Forces Suffrage: universal adult suffrage (except for women in former Northern Region) Elections: the military has promised to restore power to an elected civilian regime when state and federal legislative elections are held between October 1978 and October 1979 Political parties and leaders: political parties and politically active tribal societies were dissolved by decree on 24 May 1966; some sub rosa political activity continues Communists: the banned Socialist Workers and Farmers Party and the Nigerian Trade Union Congress have a limited political following, no influence on government Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin 154 January 1976 Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $23 billion (1974 current prices), $380 per capita; 10% growth rate (1973-74) Agriculture: main crops ? peanuts, cotton, cocoa, rubber, yams, cassava, sorghum, palm kernels, millet, corn, rice; livestock; almost self-sufficient Fishing: catch 156,000 metric tons (1970); imports $3.7 million (1971) Major industries: mining ? crude oil, natural gas, coal, tin, columbite; processing industries ? oil palm, peanut, cotton, rubber, petroleum, wood, hides, skins; manufacturing industries ? textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics Electric power: 1,330,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 42 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $9.3 billion (f.o.b., 1974); oil (92%), peanuts, palm products, cocoa, rubber, cotton, timber, tin Imports: $2.8 billion (c.i.f., 1974); machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K., EC, U.S. Budget: FY75 est. ? current revenue $5.1 billion, current expenditure $1.5 billion, capital expenditure $2.6 billion, $1 billion transferred to States Monetary conversion rate: 1 Naira=US$1.62 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,180 route mi.; 3'6" gage Highways: 55,425 mi.; 9,500 mi. paved (mostly bituminous surface treatment); 45,925 mi. laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 5,330 mi. consisting of Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks; additionally, the newly formed Kainji Lake has several hundred miles of navigable lake routes Pipelines: crude oil, 645 mi.; natural gas, 40 mi.; refined products, 3 mi. Ports: 2 major (Lagos, Port Harcourt), 10 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 91 total, 77 usable; 15 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 25 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: composed of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Lagos, secondary centers Ibadan and Kaduna; 106,300 telephones; 5 million radio and 90,000 TV receivers; 25 AM, 6 FM, and 8 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 satellite ground station Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 N/GERIA/NORWAY DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,199,000; 8,233,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 740,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $1,283,400,000; 17.9% of total budget NORWAY North Sea (See reference map IV) LAND Norway: 125,000 sq. mi.; Svalbard, 24,000 sq. mi.; Jan Mayen, 144 sq. mi.; 3% arable, 2% meadows and pastures, 21% forested, 74% other Land boundaries: 1,603 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 n. mi. (fishing, 12n. mi.) Coastline: mainland 2,125 mi.; islands 1,500 mi. (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indentations which total as much as 10,000 mi. overall) PEOPLE Population: 4,022,000, average annual growth rate 0.6% (1/74-1/75) Nationality: noun?Norwegian(s); adjective? Norwegian Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Norwegian, small Lapp and Finnish- speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 1.7 million; 11.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 25.3% mining and manufacturing, 8.1% construction, 16.3% commerce, 9.9% transporta- tion and communication, 28.5% services; 1.0% unemployed Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Norway Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Political subdivisions: 19 counties, 404 communes, 47 towns Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts Government leaders: King Olav V; Prime Minister Trygve Bratteli Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years (next in September 1977) Political parties and leaders: Anti-Tax Party, Arve Loennum; Conservative, Kaare Willoch; Christian People's, Lars Korvald; Center, Erland Steenberg, Dagfinn Vaarvik; Liberal, Hans H. Rossbach, Eva Kolstad; New Liberal People's, Ole Myrvoll, Magne Lerheim; Labor, Reiulf Steen; combined Socialist Left Party, Bent Aas, chairman Voting strength (1973 election): 5% Anti-tax; 17.5% Conservative; 12.2% Christian Peoples; 11% Center; 3.5% Liberal; 3.4% New Liberal Peoples; 35.3% Labor; 11.2% Socialist Electoral Alliance (includes Democratic Socialist, Socialist People's, and Communist Party) Communists: 2,500 est.; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 22,500 Communist votes cast in the 1969 election Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA (associate member), IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $23.4 billion in 1974 (at 1974 prices), $5,860 per capita; 52.3% private consumption; 33.8% investment; 16.5% government; net foreign balance ?2.6%; 1974 growth rate 3.7%, in constant prices Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 155 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NORWAY/OMAN Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops ? feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-sufficient; food shortages ? food grains, sugar; caloric intake, 2,940 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 2.4 million metric tons (1974); value $290 million (1974); exports $28 million Major industries: food processing, shipbuilding, wood pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals Shortages: most raw materials with the exception of timber, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore, dairy products and fish Crude steel: 944,000 metric tons produced (1974), 236 kilograms per capita Electric power: 15,400,000 kw. capacity (1974); 76.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 15,500 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $6,313 million (f.o.b., 1974); principal items?metals, pulp and paper, fish products, ships, chemicals Imports: $8,314 million (c.i.f., 1974); principal items?foodstuff, ships, fuels, motor vehicles, iron and steel, chemical compounds, textiles Major trade partners: EC 44.4% (U.K. 12.8%, West Germany 12.7%, Denmark 6.7%); Sweden 18.3%; U.S. 6.9%; Sino-Soviet countries 3.3% (1974) Aid: economic ? U.S., $482 million authorized (FY46-73), $39.7 million in 1973; IBRD, $145 million authorized through 1973, none since 1964; net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $134.2 million (1960-69); $36.8 million (1970); $42.4 million (1971), $63 million (1972), $87 million (1973), $133 million (1974), $177 million (appropriated for 1975), $228 million (proposed for 1976); military?U.S., $914.3 million authorized (FY46-73), none since 1967 Budget: (1975) revenues $6,817 million, expendi- tures $7,498 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 kroner = US$0.1786 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,662 mi.; State (NSB) operates 2,636 mi. standard gage, 2,589 mi. single track, 1,516 mi. electrified, 47 mi. double track; 10 mi. standard gage electrified privately owned; 16 mi. meter (3'3%") gage electrified privately owned Highways: 46,000 mi.; 9,000 mi. paved, 37,000 mi. crushed stone and gravel Inland waterways: 980 mi.; 5-8 ft. draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products, 33 mi. Ports: 9 major, 69 minor Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft 156 January 1976 Airfields: 93 total, 93 usable; 48 with permanent- surface runways; 10 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 14 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 20 seaplane stations Telecommunications: high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex service; 1.38 million telephones; 2.2 radiobroadcast and 1.02 million TV receivers; 36 AM, 316 FM, and 654 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 918,000; 755,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 32,000 OMAN (See reference map VI LAND About 82,000 sq. mi.; negligible amount forested, remainder desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 860 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing 50 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,300 mi. PEOPLE Population: 505,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun?Omani(s); adjective?Omani Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab with small groups of Iranians, Baluchis, and Indians Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: very low GOVERNMENT Legal name: Sultanate of Oman Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 OMAN/PAKISTAN Type: absolute monarchy; nominally independ- ent but under strong U.K. influence Capital: Muscat Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; no constitution; ultimate appeal to the Sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Government leader: Sultan Qabus ibn Said Al Bu Sa' id Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: Arab League, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $900 million (1974 est.), $1,840 per capita est. Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels, fish) and trade Major industries: petroleum discovery in 1964; production began in 1967; production 1975 est. 320,000 b/d; pipeline capacity 400,000 b/d; revenue for 1974 est. at $687 million Electric power: 27,000 kw. capacity (1974); 70 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 143 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: mostly petroleum; non-oil exports $1.2 million (1974) Imports: $711 million (1974) Major trade partners: U.K., Gulf states, India, Australia, China, Japan Aid: bilateral assistance pledged, $134 million in 1974, IBRD $8 million; aid commitment by Oman, $39 million to miltilateral institutions Budget: (1974 revised) revenues $695 million, expenditures $720 million Monetary conversion rate: I Riyal Omani= US$2.90 (as of October 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,750 mi. total; 3 mi. bituminous surface, remainder motorable natural-surface track Pipelines: crude oil 230 mi. Ports: 1 major (Qaboos), 6 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 145 total, 139 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 51 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: fair international and domestic service; 3,400 telephones; 1 AM station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 118,000; 68,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending December 1974, est. $87,000,000, about 14.9% of total budget PAKISTAN (See reference map VII) LAND 310,000 sq. mi. (includes Pakistani part of Jammu- Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested Land boundaries: 3,650 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing 50 n. mi.; plus right to establish 100 n. mi. conservation zones beyond territorial sea) Coastline: 650 mi. PEOPLE Population: 71,461,000 (excluding Junagardh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun?Pakistani(s); adjective? Pakistani Religion: 97% Muslim, 3% other Language: official, Urdu; total spoken languages ?7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca Literacy: about 14% Labor force: 12.7 million (est. 1961); 60% agriculture, 16% industry, 7% commerce, 15% service, 2% unemployed Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Type: parliamentary, federal republic; constitution adopted April 1973, effective August 1973, provides for bi-cameral legislature, strong prime minister Capital: Islamabad Political subdivisions: 4 provinces ? Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and Northwest Frontier ? with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Pakistan claims that Azad 157 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PAKISTAN/PANAMA Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with India, but it is in fact under Pakistani control Legal system: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Government leaders: President Fazal Elahi Chaudhry; Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto Suffrage: universal from age 21 Elections: elections for National Assembly based on one-man/one-vote formula, and for provincial assemblies were held in December 1970; under 1973 Constitution, next National Assembly elections must be held no later than 1977 Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Z. A. Bhutto; Pakistan Muslim League (QML), Abdul Qaiyum Khan; Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; United Muslim League (UML), Pir of Figaro; National Awami Party (NAP), Abdul Wali Khan (party outlawed in February 1975); Jamaat-i- Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Markazi jamiat-ul- Ulema-i-Pakistan (MJUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Mufti Mahmud; several of these parties belong to United Democratic Front (UDF), an opposition coalition Communists: party membership very small; several thousand sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: military remains potentially strong political force Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, RCD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $9.9 billion (FY75) at exchange rate of 9.9 rupees= US$1 prevailing June 1973, $140 per capita; real growth 2.5% (FY75) Agriculture: extensive irrigation; main crops ? wheat and cotton; foodgrain shortage, 1.5 million tons imported in FY75 Fishing: catch 208,200 metric tons (1974) Major industries: cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas Electric power: 2,370,000 kw. capacity (1974); 10.4 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 152 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $1,047 million (f.o.b., FY75); cotton (raw and manufactured), rice Imports: $2,140 million (cif, FY75); wheat, crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., Japan, West Germany Budget: expenditures, FY76?current expenditures, $1,438 million; capital expenditures, $1,385 million Monetary conversion rate: 9.9 rupees = US$1 (since February 1973) 158 January 1976 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,465 mi.; 277 mi. meter gage, 4,808 mi. broad gage, 380 mi. narrow gage; 635 mi. double track; 178 mi. electrified; government owned Highways: 43,500 mi.; 11,922 mi. paved, 8,040 mi. gravel, 1,146 mi. improved earth; 22,392 mi. unim- proved earth Inland waterways: 1,150 mi. Pipelines: crude oil, 143 mi.; natural gas, 1,200 mi. Ports: 1 major, 5 minor Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 112 total, 109 usable; 65 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 25 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 50 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent international radiocommunication service over CENTO links; domestic wire and radiocommunication and broadcast service very good; 195,325 (est.) telephones; 1,015,000 radio and 125,000 TV sets; 20 AM, no FM, 3 TV stations, and 3 repeaters; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE Military manpower: males 15-49, 17,093,000; 9,494,000 fit for military service; 833,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975 $607 million; about 31% of total budget PANAMA (See reference map II) LAND 29,208 sq. mi. (excluding Canal Zone, 553 sq. mi.); 24% agricultural land (9% fallow, 4% cropland, 11% pasture), 20% exploitable forest, 56% other forests, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 390 mi. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PANAMA WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi. (continental shelf including sovereignty over super- jacent waters) Coastline: 1,545 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,693,000, average annual growth rate 3.1% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Panamanian(s); adjective? Panamanian Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 14% Negro, 9% white, 7% Indian and other Religion: over 90% Roman Catholic, remainder mainly Protestant Language: Spanish; about 14% speak English as native tongue; many Panamanians bilingual Literacy: 82% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 482,200 (1972 est.); 39.5% commerce, finance and services; 33.9% agriculture, hunting and fishing; 9.7% manufacturing and mining; 6.8% construction; 5% Canal Zone; 3.9% transportation and communications; 1.2% utilities; national average of 6.8% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor but an oversupply of unskilled labor Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Panama Type: republic Capital: Panama Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 1 intendancy Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted in 1972; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Panama; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: popularly elected unicameral legislature which elects the President; presidentially appointed Supreme Court Government leaders: Demetrio Lakas is Constitu- tional President and Chief of State, but subordinate to Gen. Omar Torrijos, the National Guard Comman- dant who was given special powers for 6 years by the Constitutional Assembly in 1972 Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 21 Elections: elections for assembly of representatives of the corregimientos August 1972; next election August 1978 Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended pending revision of electoral code; Communist Party illegal but allowed to operate Voting strength (1968 election): 55% Arnulfo Arias Madrid (National Union Coalition), 42% David Samudio (People's Alliance), 3% Antonio Gonzalez Revilla (Christian Democratic Party); no parties were active in the 1972 elections Communists: 100 active and several hundred inactive members People's Party (PdP); Communist; 1,000 sympathizers; National Liberation Movement (MLN) and Vanguard of National Action (VAN) inactive as pro-Castro organizations, 40-60 members Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP) Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: 1,460 million (1973 est.), $930 per capita; 62% private consumption, 14% government con- sumption, 30% gross fixed investment, ?6% net foreign balance (1973); real growth (1974), 3.5% Agriculture: main crops ? bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most basic foods; 2,450 calories per day per capita (1969) Fishing: catch 56,500 metric tons, $10.4 million (1971); exports $13.3 million (1971); imports $2.0 million (1971) Major industries: food processing, metal products, construction materials, petroleum products, clothing Electric power (including Canal Zone): 380,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.1 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 715 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $205 million (f.o.b., 1974); bananas, petroleum products, shrimp, sugar, meat, coffee Imports: $800 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactures, transportation equipment, crude petroleum, chemi- cals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 44%, Canal Zone NA, West Germany 15%; imports ? U.S. 35%, Ecuador 11%, Venezuela 7% (1973) Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY46-73), $254 million loans, $137 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $178 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $28.9 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY46-73), $6 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 balboa=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 305 mi.; 48 mi. 5'0" gage, 107 mi. 3'0" gage; 150 mi. plantation feeder lines Highways: 4,450 mi.; 1,400 mi. paved, 1,150 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 1,900 mi. improved and unimproved earth; Panama Canal Zone 145 mi.; 140 mi. paved; 5 mi. gravel Inland waterways: 500 mi. navigable by shallow draft vessels; 51-mile Panama Canal Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 159 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 PANAMA/PAPUA NEW GUINEA Pipelines: refined products, 60 mi. Ports: 2 major (Cristobal/Colon/Coco Solo, Balboa/Panama City), 10 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airfields: 121 total, 119 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft.; 13 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic and international telecom facilities well developed, including nearly nationwide radio-relay system; connection into central American microwave net; communications satellite ground station; 127,000 telephones; 575,000 radio and 240,000 TV receivers; 80 AM, 30 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 366,000; 252,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1972, $18 million; about 11% of central government budget PAPUA NEW GUINEA Pacific Ocean S:NIS LOO NS ti (See refmence map VIII) LAND 183,540 sq. mi. Land boundaries: 600 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: about 3,200 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,714,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/66-7/73) Nationality: noun?Papua New Guinean(s); adjective?Papua New Guinean 160 Ethnic divisions: predominantly Melanesian and Papuan, some Negrito, Micronesian, and Polynesian types Religion: over one-half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Catholic, 320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder animist Language: 700 indigenous languages; pidgin English and 2 or 3 native languages are linguae francae for over one-half of population; English spoken by 1% to 2% of population Literacy: 1%; in English, 0.1% Labor force: no available figures; mostly subsistence farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: Papua New Guinea Type: independent state within Commonwealth recognizing Elizabeth 11 as head of state Capital: Port Moresby Political subdivisions: 18 administrative districts (12 in New Guinea, 6 in Papua) Legal system: based on English common law Branches: executive?Executive Council; legisla- ture ? House of Assembly (100 members, plus 4 appointed); judiciary ? court system consists of Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea and various inferior courts (District Courts, Local Courts, Children's Courts, Wardens' Courts) Government leader: Governor General, Sir John Guise; Prime Minister, Michael Somare Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: preferential-type elections for 100- member House of Assembly every 4 years Political parties: Pangu Party is principal political group; 5 or 6 other small parties and numerous independents Voting strength (1972 election): Pangu Party and Allies won 52 seats, United Party 42 seats, Independence 6 seats Communists: no significant strength Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, IBRD, IMF, U.N., WHO (associate) ECONOMY GNP: $1.3 billion (1973 est.); real average annual groWth rate (1960-69) 7.5% Agriculture: main crops ? coconuts, coffee, cocoa, tea Major industries: sawmilling and timber process- ing, copper mining (Bougainville) Electric power: 223,000 kw. capacity (1974); 560 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 203 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $721 million (f.o.b., FY74); principal products ? copper, coconut products, coffee beans, timber Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PAPUA NEW GUINEA/PARAGUAY Imports: $365 million (f.o.b., FY74) Major trade partners: Australia, U.K., Japan Aid: economic ? Australia ? $254 million extended 1973; World Bank group (1968-September 1969) ? $7.5 million committed; U.S. (FY70- 74) $32.5 million extended Budget: (75-76) receipts 400 Australian dollars, expenditures 408 Australian dollars Monetary conversion rate: Kina $1 =A$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 8,910 mi.; about 5,225 mi. suitable for heavy and medium traffic, and about 3,685 mi. suitable for light traffic Inland waterways: 6,800 mi. Ports: 5 principal, 8 minor Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft; Air Niugini, new national airline, began operations in November 1973 Airfields: 514 total, 478 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 46 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 1 with runway 8,000 ft. ? Nadzab Telecommunications: Papua New Guinea telecom services are adequate and are being improved; principal telecom centers include Goroka, Lae, Madang, Mount Hagen, and Wewak in New Guinea; and Daru, Port Moresby and Samarai in Papua; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio and international radiocommunication services; numerous privately owned radio facilities exist; submarine cables extend from Madang to Australia and Guam; 32,384 telephones, 102,000 radios, but no TV sets; 29 AM, no FM and no TV facilities DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 693,400; about 329,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Australia PARAGUAY LAND 157,000 sq. mi.; 2% under crops, 24% meadow and pasture, 52% forested, 22% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 2,140 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,582,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% (10/62-7/72) Nationality: noun?Paraguayan(s); adjective? Paraguayan (See reference map Ethnic divisions: 95% mestizo, 5% white and Indian Religion: 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish and Guarani Literacy: officially estimated at 74% above age 10, but probably much lower (40%) Labor force: 800,000 (1971 est.); 55% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 8% transport and other services; 19% manufacturing and construction; 13% commerce and professions; 5% miscellaneous (est. 1962) Organized labor: about 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Paraguay Type: republic; under authoritarian rule Capital: Asuncion Political subdivisions: 16 departments and the national capital, 154 municipalities Legal system: based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; constitution promulgated 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at National University of Asuncion and Catholic University of Our Lady of the Assumption; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President heads executive; bicameral legislature; judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: President (General) Alfredo Stroessner Suffrage: universal; compulsory between ages of 18-60 Elections: President and Congress elected together every 5 years; last election held in February 1973 Political parties and leaders: Colorado Party, Juan Ramon Chavez; Liberal Party (Levi-Liberal Party), Carlos Levi Ruffinelli; Febrerista Party, Roque Gaona; Radical Liberal Party (regular Liberal Party), Domingo Laino; Christian Democratic Party (not officially inscribed), Livis Resck 161 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PARAGUAY/PERU Voting strength (February 1973 general elec- tion): 84% Colorado Party, 13% Radical Liberal Party, 3% Liberal Party, Febrerista Party boycotted elections Communists: Oscar Creydt faction and Miguel Angel Soler faction (both illegal); est. 3,000 to 4,000 party members and sympathizers in Paraguay, very few are hard core; party in exile is small and deeply divided Other political or pressure groups: Popular Colorado Movement (MoPoCo) led by Epifanio Mendez Fleitas, in exile Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.0 billion (1974, in 1973 dollars), $400 per capita; 84% consumption; 16% gross domestic investment (1973); real growth rate 1974 est., 8.0% Agriculture: main crops ? oilseeds, cotton, wheat, manioc, sweet potatoes, tobacco, corn, rice, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most foods; caloric intake, 2,580 calories per day per capita (1963-64); protein intake, 70 grams per day per capita (20 grams of animal origin) Major industries: meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, light consumer goods, cement Electric power: 202,000 kw. capacity (1974); 300 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 125 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $172.9 million (f.o.b., 1974); meat, timber, oilseeds, tobacco, cotton, quebracho extract, hides, yerba mate, coffee Imports: $198.2 million (f.o.b., 1974); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: U.S. 15%, Argentina 14%, West Germany 13%, U.K. 9% Aid: economic assistance ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-74), $79.0 million loans, $70.5 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $195.5 million; from other Western countries (1960-70), $21.9 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY57- 74), $19.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 126 guaranies= US$1 (official rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 652 mi.; 273 mi. standard gage, 85 mi. 3'33/g" gage, 294 mi. various narrow gage (privately owned) January 1978 Highways: 9,900 mi.; 400 mi. bituminous treated, 3,100 mi. otherwise improved, 6,400 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,970 mi. Ports: I major (Asuncion), 9 minor (all river) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 917 total, 822 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 22 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: local telecom facilities in Asuncion good, intercity microwave net; 33,000 telephones; 750,000 radio and 60,000 TV receivers; 25 AM, 8 FM, and 1 TV station; COMSAT station under construction DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 614,000; 465,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (17) annually, 28,000 PERU (See reference map fill LAND 496,000 sq. mi. (other estimates range as low as 482,000 sq. mi.); 2% cropland, 14% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 29% urban, waste, other Land boundaries: 3,810 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi. Coastline: 1,500 mi. PEOPLE Population: 15,037,000 (excluding Indian jungle population which was estimated at 101,000 in 1961), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7/61-6/72) Nationality: noun?Peruvian; adjective?Peruvian Ethnic divisions: 46% Indian; 38% mestizo (white- Indian); 15% white; 1% Negro, Japanese, Chinese 162 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PERU Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Literacy: 45% to 50% Labor force: 4.4 million (1973); 46% agriculture, 17% services, 14% manufacturing, 9% trade, 4% construction, 4% transportation, 2% mining, 4% other Organized labor: 25% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Peru Type: republic; under military regime since October 1968 Capital: Lima Political subdivisions: 23 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Province of Callao Legal system: based on civil law system; military government rules by decree; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative, judicial; congress disbanded after 3 October 1968 ouster of President Fernando Belaunde Terry Government leader: President, General Francisco Morales Bermudez Cerrutti Suffrage: obligatory for citizens (defined as adult men and women and married persons over age 18) until age 60 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Party (PDC), Juan Lituma Portocarrero, President, supports the government; opposition parties include the Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry (in exile but expected to return to Peru late in 1975 or in early 1976); American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Victor Raul Haya de la Torre; and Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes Voting strength (1963 election): 39% AP-PDC, 34% APRA, 25% UNO, 1% Communist, 1% other Communists: pro-Soviet (PCP/S) 2,000; pro- Chinese (2 factions) 1,200 Other political or pressure groups: government- sponsored social mobilization system (SINAMOS) which is being restructured; a pro-government political organization is currently in the formative stage Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Pact, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $8.56 billion (1974), $590 per capita; 73% private consumption, 10% public consumption, 12% gross investment (1972); 5% net foreign balance; real growth rate 1974, 6.3% Agriculture: main crops ? wheat, potatoes, beans, barley, coffee, cotton, sugarcane; imports?wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1964) Fishing: catch 3.9 million metric tons (1974); exports $250.0 million (1974) Major industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles and clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, ship-building, metal fabrication Electric power: 2,500,000 kw. capacity (1974); 6.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 500 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2,405 million (f.o.b., 1974); fish and fish products, copper, silver, iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee Imports: $1,795 million (1974); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 33%, Western Europe 30.2%, Japan 14%, Communist Bloc countries 10.2%, Latin America 7%; imports ? U.S. 29%, Western Europe 34%, Latin America 15%, Japan 8% (1972) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $583 million loans, $216 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $506 million; from other Western countries (1960-72), $136.1 million; Communist countries (1969-74) $263 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY49-73), $143 million; from Communist countries (1974), $38 million Monetary conversion rate: 45 soles= US$1 (trade); 43.38 soles= US$1 (non-trade) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: approx. 1,560 mi.; 1,227 mi. 4'8?" gage; 41 mi. gage less than 3'0"; 282 mi. 3'0" gage; 9 mi. double track Highways: 31,500 mi.; 3,100 mi. paved, 6,200 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 9,200 mi. improved earth, 1,300 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 5,400 mi. of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 130 mi. Lake Titicaca Pipelines: crude oil, 200 mi.; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 40 mi. Ports: 7 major, 20 minor Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft Airfields: 306 total, 306 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 19 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 49 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fairly adequate for most requirements; new radio-relay system under 163 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PER construction; communications satellite ground station; 335,000 telephones; 2.2 million radio and 500,000 TV receivers; 200 AM, 7 FM, and 31 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,355,000; 2,273,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (20) annually, 150,000 Military budget: a biennial budget for 1 January 1975 through 31 December 1976, $871 million; about 15.2% of central government biennial budget PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES (See reference map VII) LAND 116,000 sq. mi.; 53% forested, 30% arable land, 5% permanent pasture, 12% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 0-300 n. mi. (under an archipelago theory, waters within straight lines joining appropriate points of outermost islands are considered internal waters; waters between these baselines and the limits described in the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898, the U.S.-Spain Treaty of November 7, 1900, and the U.S.-U.K. Treaty of January 2, 1930 are considered to be the territorial sea) Coastline: about 14,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 43,531,000, average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun?Filipino(s); adjective?Philip- pine Ethnic divisions: 91.5% Christian Malay, 4% Muslim Malay, 1.5% Chinese, 3% other Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 10% Protestant, 4% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other 164 January 1976 Language: Tagalog (renamed Pilipino) is the national language of the Philippine Republic; English is the language of school instruction and government business Literacy: about 83% Labor force: 11 million; 60% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 12% manufacturing, 10.5% commerce, 10.5% government and services (business, recreation, domestic, personal), 3.5% transport, storage, communication, 3% construction; 0.5% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Philippines Type: republic Capital: Quezon Political subdivisions: 72 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish, Islamic, and Anglo-American law; parliamentary constitution passed 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and 71 other law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations; currently being ruled under martial law Branches: new constitution (currently suspended) provides for unicameral National Assembly, and a strong executive branch under a prime minister; judicial branch headed by Supreme Court with descending authority in a Court of Appeals, courts of First Instance in various provinces, municipal courts in chartered cities, and justices of the peace in towns and municipalities; these justices have considerably more authority than do justices of the peace in the U.S. Government leader: President Ferdinand E. Marcos Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections suspended for the indefinite future Political parties and leaders: political parties currently in limbo because of martial law Communists: about 1,900 armed insurgents Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $14.0 billion (1974), $340 per capita, 5.8% real growth, 1974 Agriculture: main crops ? rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, abaca, tobacco Fishing: catch 1.3 million metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, chemicals and chemical products Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PHILIPPINES/POLAND Electric power: 2,993,000 kw. capacity (1974); 11.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 287 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2,625 million (f.o.b., 1974); sugar, coconut products, logs and lumber, copper concentrates, abaca Imports: $3,140 million (f.o.b., 1974); petroleum, industrial equipment, grains Major trade partners: (1974) exports-42% U.S., 35% Japan; imports-28% Japan, 23% U.S. Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY46-74), $2.1 billion committed; Japan (CY70-74), $266 million commit- ted; IBRD/IDA (CY66-74), $466 committed; military ? U.S. (FY46-74), $735 million committed Budget: (FY75) revenues $2.1 billion, expenditures $2.5 billion, deficit $0.4 billion; 11% military, 84% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 7.5 pesos= US$1, August 1975 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,177 mi.; 2 common-carrier systems (3'6" gage) totaling about 727 mi.; 19 industrial systems with 4 different gages totaling 1,450 mi.; 34% government owned Highways: 61,600 mi. (1974); 12,610 mi. paved; 29,725 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 19,265 mi. improved earth Inland waterways: 2,000 mi.; limited to shallow- draft (less than 5 ft.) vessels Pipelines: refined products, 157 mi. Ports: 11 major, 100 minor Civil air: 52 major transport aircraft Airfields: 334 total, 312 usable; 46 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 25 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,318,000; 6,691,000 fit for military service; about 400,000 reach military age (20) annually Supply: limited small arms ammunition, small patrol craft, and helicopter production; other materiel obtained almost exclusively from U.S.; naval ships and equipment from Australia, Japan, Singapore, U.S., and Italy; aircraft and helicopters from West Germany and U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $403 million; about 19% of total budget POLAND LAND 120,600 sq. mi.; 49% arable, 14% other agricultural, 27% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 1,920 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 305 mi. (See reference map PEOPLE Population: 34,200,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Pole(s); adjective?Polish Ethnic divisions: 98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrainians, 0.5% Belorussians, less than 0.05% Jews, 0.2% other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other Language: Polish, no significant dialects Literacy: about 98% Labor force: 16.3 million; 38% agriculture, 26% industry, 36% other non-agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Polish Peoples Republic (PRL) Type: Communist state Capital: Warsaw Political subdivisions: 49 provinces Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104 justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 7 law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative, executive, judicial system dominated by parallel Communist party apparatus Government leader: Piotr Jaroszewicz, Premier; Henryk Jablonski, chairman of Council of State (President) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: parliamentary and local government every 4 years 165 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 POLAND/PORTUGAL Dominant political party and leader: Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) (Communist), Edward Gierek, First Secretary Voting strength (1972 election): 97% voted for Communist-approved single slate Communists: 2,320,000 party members (January 1974) Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Front (FJN), including United Peasant Party (ZSI,), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo- Catholic Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, Primate Member of: CEM A, GATT, ICAO, IHO, Indochina Truce Commission, IPU, Korea Truce Commission, Seabeds Committee, U.N. and all specialized agencies except IMF and IBRD, Warsaw Pact, Vietnam ICCS (International Commission for Control and Supervision), WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $69.1 billion in 1974 at 1973 prices, $2,050 per capita; 1974 growth rate 7.6% Agriculture: self-sufficient for minimum require- ments; main crops ? grain, sugar beets, oilseeds, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar; importer of grains; 3,200 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 582,400 metric tons (1974) Major industries: machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, and food processing Crude steel: 14.6 million metric tons produced (1974), about 430 kg. per capita Electric power: 19,130,000 kw. capacity (1974); 91.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,710 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $8,321 million (f.o.b., 1974); 34% machinery and equipment, 39% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures, 13% agricultural and food products, 9% light industrial products Imports: $10,489 million (f.o.b., 1974); 42% machinery and equipment; 41% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures; 17% agricultural and food products; 5% light industrial products Major trade partners: $18,803 million (1974); 49% with Communist countries, 51% with West Monetary conversion rate: 3.32 zlotys=US$1 (commercial); 19.92 zlotys= US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data are reported for calendar years except for caloric intake which is reported for the consumption year, 1 July - 30 June January 1976 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 16,530 route mi.; 14,450 mi. standard gage, 2,080 mi. narrow gage; 4,645 mi. double track; 3,225 mi. electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 190,095 mi.; 40,390 mi. paved; 39,480 mi. crushed stone, gravel; 110,225 mi. earth (improved and unimproved) (1974) Inland waterways: 3,158 mi, navigable streams and canals (1975) Pipelines: 2,200 mi. for natural gas; 875 mi. for crude oil; 200 rni. for refined products Freight carried: rail ? 499.3 million short ton, 85.6 billion short ton/mi. (1974); highway 1,550.0 million short tons, 18.5 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway-12.8 million short tons, 1.5 billion short ton/mi. excl. int. transit traffic (1974) Ports: 4 major (Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie), 6 minor (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget announced: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 49.9 billion zlotys; about 8.4% of total budget and 4.3% of est. GNP PORTUGAL (See reference map IV) LAND Metropolitan Portugal: 36,400 sq. mi., including the Azores and Madeira Islands; 48% arable, 6% meadow and pasture, 31% forested, 15% waste and urban, inland water, and other Land boundaries: 750 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 535 mi. (excludes Azores (440 mi.) and Madeira (140 mi.)) 166 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PORTUGAL PEOPLE Population: metropolitan Portugal (including the Azores and Madeira Islands), 8,782,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Nationality: noun?Portuguese (sing. adjective?Portuguese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other Language: Portuguese Literacy: 65% (a figure considered high by some sources) Labor force: 3 million; 25% agriculture, 31% industry, 24% services; 8% military, 12% other; government estimates that over 400,100 persons or 5% of labor force are unemployed Organized labor: about one-third of labor force is organized in trade unions; legislation promulgated May 1975 unites consenting unions under one confederation, the Communist-dominated Intersyndi- & p1.); cal GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Portugal Type: republic, provisional government formed May 1974, after military coup by group of young military officers, known as the Armed Forces Movement, who overturned the Caetano regime; major political parties signed document in April 1975 agreeing to continued military rule for the next 3 to 5 years Capital: Lisbon Political subdivisions: 18 districts in mainland Portugal and 4 -autonomous districts- in Azores and Madeira Islands; 2 overseas provinces?Portuguese Timor and Macao Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1933, frequently amended since; new constitution is being written by popularly elected constituent assembly according to guidelines set by the Armed Forces Movement; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive with President and Prime Minister included in Armed Forces Movement's 28- man Revolutionary Council; legislative branch under new constitution will have civilian assembly and Armed Forces General Assembly; judicial controlled by executive branch Government leaders: President Francisco da Costa Gomes; Prime Minister Jose Pinheiro de Azevedo Suffrage: new election law passed in October 1974 enfranchises all citizens over 18, including emigrants who left Portugal less than 5 years ago; a few thousand persons have been declared ineligible to vote because of their activities under the previous regime Elections: Constituent Assembly election held on April 25, 1975; new constitution will set date for election of a civilian legislative assembly, probably in early 1976 Political parties and leaders: the Portuguese Socialist Party (PSP), led by Mario Soares, the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), under Alvaro Cunhal, and the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) headed by Francisco Sa Carneiro are the best organized; other significant groups include the center- right Social Democratic Center Party (CDS), led by Adelino Amaro da Costa, and the Communist-leaning Portuguese Democratic Movement (MDP), under Francisco Pereira da Moura Voting strength: (1975) the Socialists polled 38% of the vote for a constituent assembly; the PPD received 26%, the Communists 13%, the CDS 8%, and the MDP 4% Communists: membership has increased and cannot be determined since the party became overt in April 1974 Other political or pressure groups: Association for the Study of Economic and Social Development (SEDES) authorized in October 1970 as a discussion group with political overtones Member of: EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO (restricted membership), IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ITU, NATO, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: continental Portugal ? $14.1 billion est. (1974), $1,650 per capita; 71.2% consumption, 20.2% investment, 13.6% government, ?5.0% net exports of goods and services (1972), real growth rate 2.5% in 1974 Agriculture: generally underdeveloped; main crops ? grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; food shortages ? sugar, wheat; caloric intake, 2,730 calories per day per capita (1969) Fishing: landed 283,540 metric tons, $144 million (1974) Major industries: cotton textiles, cork processing, fish canning, petroleum refining, pulp and paper, chemical fertilizer Shortages: coal, petroleum, cotton, steel Crude steel: 317,000 metric tons produced (1974), 50 kg. per capita Electric power: 3,200,000 kw. capacity (1974), 10.5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,000 kw.-hr, per capita 167 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 PORTUGAL/PORTUGUESE TIMOR Exports: $2,262 million (f.o.b. 1974); principal items ? cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin Imports: $4,459 million (c.i.f., 1974); principal items ? petroleum, cotton, industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals Major trade partners: (1974) EC 45% (U.K. 14%, W. Germany 12%, France 7%, Italy 5%); U.S. 9%; Angola 7%; Spain 4%; Sweden 4% Aid: economic ? U.S., $240 million (FY49-73), $13 million authorized FY73; IBRD, $57.5 million authorized (1964-66), none since 1966; net official aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies $578 million (1961-70), $79.5 million (1969), $57.1 million (1970); military ? U.S., $345 million authorized (FY1949-73) Budget: 1974 ? receipts $2.275 billion, expendi- tures $2.957 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 escudo = US$0.0394 (1974 average); 1 escudo= US$0.0375 (August 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,230 mi.; 472 mi. meter gage (3'3%"), 1,758 mi. broad gage (5'59/1e"); 265 mi. double track; 268 mi. electrified Highways: 18,500 mi.; 11,000 mi. bituminous, bituminous treatment, concrete and stoneblock; 7,200 mi. gravel and crushed stone; 300 mi. improved earth; plus an additional 10,500 mi. of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks) Inland waterways: 508 mi. navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow- draft craft limited to 330-ton cargo capacity Pipelines: crude oil, 7 mi. Ports: 6 major, 34 minor Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields (including Azores and Madeira Islands): 61 total, 54 usable; 31 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 10 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 10 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities are generally adequate; 1.05 million telephones; 1.8 million radio and 725,000 television receivers; 38 AM, 34 FM, and 40 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables; COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,079,000; 1,686,000 fit for military service; average number reaching age (20) annually, about 75,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $762.2 million, about 33% of central government budget January 1978 PORTUGUESE TIMOR or:att4 INDONESIA I ePORTUGUESE ?z4. Dili TIM" Arafura Sea (See reference map V1111 LAND 7,000 sq. mi.; 34% forest, 33% grassland, and 33% cultivated Land boundaries: 90 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 400 mi. PEOPLE Population: 703,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (12/70-7/72) Nationality: noun?Portuguese Timoran(s); adjective?Portuguese Timoran Ethnic divisions: 95% indigenous Timorese belonging to the Malay racial group; 9 ethnic divisions, each speaking a distinct dialect of Malay structure; approx. 4,600 Chinese and 10,000 halfcastes Religion: 17% Christian (almost equally divided between Catholic and Protestant), remainder practice animism Language: an estimated 9-15 dialects, of Malay origin but mutually unintelligible; 75% of the population speaks the Tetum dialect Literacy: rate of literacy is unknown, but is very low; in 1971 total school enrollment was 35,000 out of total school-age population of 80,000; 5% of natives can speak Portuguese Labor force: 90% engaged in primitive village subsistence economy, 10% engaged as town laborers and domestics GOVERNMENT Legal name: Province of Timor Type: overseas province of Portugal Capital: Dili Indonesian troops invaded Portuguese Timor on December 7. Although Portugal was still the de jure 168 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 PORTUGUESE TIMOR/QATAR administering power, Lisbon had publicly admitted that it could no longer control the situation in the territory and had withdrawn all Portuguese officials from the capital at Dili. Indonesia is expected to hold a referendum in Timor, probably under U.N. auspices, in order to ratify its annexation of East Timor. Member of: ITU ECONOMY GNP: less than $100 per capita Agriculture: staple crops ? corn, rice, sweet potatoes; cash crops ? coffee, copra, rubber Major industries: minimal light manufacturing, tourism Electric power: 3,500 kw. capacity (1974); 12 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 18 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4.6 million (f.o.b., 1973); 90% coffee, 6% copra, timber, and rubber Imports: $7.1 million (c.i.f., 1973); textiles, machinery and equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports ? Portugal, EEC, Singapore; imports ? EEC, Singapore, Macao, Hong Kong, Australia Budget: 1973 expeditures of $10.1 million, $4.6 million of which was provided by Portugal Monetary conversion rate: Portuguese escudo known in Timor as pataca; 28.75 patacas= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 463 mi.; 293 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 170 mi. improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: domestic and international radio stations used primarily for administrative and military purposes; 1 low-power AM radiobroadcast station; unreliable open-wire lines and 58 small manual switchboards serve 912 telephones; 13,500 radio sets QATAR LAND About 4,000 sq. mi.; negligible amount forested; mostly desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 35 mi. SAUDI ARABIA (See reference map V) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 350 mi. PEOPLE Population: 195,000, average annual growth rate 10.8% (7/64-7/69) Nationality: noun?Qatari(s); adjective? Qatari Ethnic divisions: 56% Arab; 23% Iranian; 14% Pakistani; 7% other Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 10%-15% Labor force: 48,000 (1969) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Qatar Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Ad Dawhah Legal system: discretionary system of law controlled by the ruler, although new civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters; a constitution was promulgated in 1970 Government leader: Amir Khalifa ibn Hamad Al- Thani Suffrage: no specific provisions for suffrage laid down Elections: constitution calls for elections for part of State Advisory Council, semi-legislative body, but none have been held Political parties and pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine organizations are active Branches: Council of Ministers Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, OAPEC, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO 169 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 QATAR/REUNION ECONOMY GNP: $1.6 billion (1974) $9,090 per capita Agriculture: farming and grazing on small scale; commercial fishing increasing in importance; most food imported; rice and dates staple diet Major industries: oil production and refining; crude oil production from onshore and offshore averaged 280,000 b/d (current); oil revenues accrued $2.0 billion in 1974, representing 91% of govern- ment/royal family income; major development projects include $7 million harbor at Ad Dawhah, fertilizer plant, 2 desalting plants, refrigerated storage for fishing, and a cement plant Electric power: capacity 85,000 kw. (1974); 279 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,505 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: crude oil dominates; non-oil exports $19 million (1974 est.) Imports: $265 million (c.i.f., 1974 est.) Aid: aid donor, pledged $450 million 1974, disbursed $200 million Budget: (1975) budgeted expenditures $495 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Qatar-Dubai riyal= US$0.26 (as of March 1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 275 mi. bituminous; 225 mi. gravel surfaced; undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: crude oil, 105 mi.; natural gas, 60 mi. Ports: 1 major (Ad Dawhah), 1 minor Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway over 12,000 ft. Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft, registered in the U.S. Telecommunications: all international telecom traffic is by tropospheric scatter through Bahrain; fair domestic facilities; 16,125 telephones; 35,000 radio and 28,500 TV receivers; 1 AM and 1 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 41,000; about 24,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 24 January 1974, $53,680,900; 18% of total budget REUNION LAND 970 sq. mi.; two-thirds of island extremely rugged, consisting of volcanic mountains; 120,000 acres (less than one-fifth of the land) under cultivation 170 (See reference map VI) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 125 mi. PEOPLE Population: 499,000, average annual growth rate 2.1% (7/70-7/73) Nationality: noun?Reunionais (sing. & pl.); adjective?Reunionais Ethnic divisions: most of the population is of thoroughly intermixed ancestry of French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, and Indian origin Religion: 94% Roman Catholic Language: French (official), Creole widely used Literacy: over 80% among younger generation Labor force: primarily agricultural workers; high seasonal unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Reunion Type: overseas department of France; represented in French Parliament by three Deputies and two Senators Capital: Saint-Denis Legal system: French law Branches: Reunion is administered by a Prefect appointed by the French Minister of Interior, assisted by a Secretary-General and an elected 36-man General Council Government leader: Prefect Paul Cousseran Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last municipal elections in 1971; parliamentary election March 1973 Political parties and leaders: Reunion Communist Party (RCP) led by Paul Verges, only organized political movement on island; other political candidates affiliated with metropolitan French parties, which do not maintain permanent organiza- tions on Reunion Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 REUNION/RHODESIA Voting strength (parliamentary election 1973): Union of Democrats for the Republic elected, one senator and two deputies; Centrist Union, one deputy; one Senator independent Communists: Communist Party small ? probably only 15-20 hard-line Communists ? but has support among sugarcane cutters and in Le Port district Member of: WFTU ECONOMY Agriculture: cash crops ? almost entirely sugarcane, small amounts of vanilla and perfume plants; food crops ? tropical fruit and vegetables, manioc, bananas, corn, market garden produce, also some tea, tobacco, and coffee; food crop inadequate, most food needs imported Major industries: 12 sugar processing mills, rum distilling plants, cigarette factory, 2 tea plants, fruit juice plant, canning factory, a slaughterhouse, and a number of small shops producing handicraft items Electric power: 54,400 kw. capacity (1974); 168 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 344 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $72 million (f.o.b., 1974); 90% sugar, 4% perfume essences, 5% rum and molasses, 1% vanilla and tea Imports: $352 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactured goods, food, beverages, and tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials and petroleum products Major trade partners: France (in 1970 supplied 62% of Reunions imports, purchased 76% of its exports); Mauritius (supplied 12% of imports) Monetary conversion rate: about 216 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs= US$1 as of January 1975 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,415 mi.; 1,155 mi. paved, 260 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth Ports: 1 major (Port des Galets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: adequate system for size of island of fairly modern open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; principal center Saint- Denis; external radiocommunications to Comoro Islands, France, Malagasy, and Mauritius; 22,200 telephones; 90,000 radio and 30,200 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 8 TV stations; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: military age males included with France RHODESIA SOUT WEST AFRICA Indian Ocean SOUTH AFRICA (See reference map VI) LAND 151,000 sq. mi.; 40% arable (of which 6% cultivated); 60% available for extensive cattle grazing; European alienated lands (farmed by modern methods) 39%, African 48%, national land 7%, 6% not alienated Land boundaries: 1,875 mi. PEOPLE Population: 6,417,000, average annual growth rate 3.5% (1/70-1/75) Nationality: noun?Rhodesian(s); adjective? Rhodesian Ethnic divisions: 95.1% African, 4.4% European, less than 0.5% Coloreds and Asians Religion: 51% syncretic (part Christian, part animist), 24% Christian, 24% animist, a few Muslim Language: English official; Chishona and Sindebele also widely used Literacy: 25%-30%; of whites, nearly 100% Labor force: (1972) 778,000 Africans (including some migrants from Zambia and Malawi), 108,000 Europeans, Asians, and coloreds (people of mixed heritage); 35% agriculture, 25% mining, manufactur- ing, construction, 40% transport and services Organized labor: about one-third of European wage earners are unionized, but only a small minority of Africans (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Southern Rhodesia Type: self-proclaimed independent state since 1965 (not recognized by U.S.); provisional settlement with 171 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 RHODESIA/ROMANIA U.K. in November 1971 cancelled by U.K. in May 1972 in response to Pearce Commission's conclusion that its terms were unacceptable to the majority of black Rhodesians Capital: Salisbury Political subdivisions: 11 magisterial districts Legal system: Smith government implemented a republican constitution on 2 March 1970 which institutionalized white rule Branches: President Dupont is ceremonial head of state; executive council (cabinet) lead by Prime Minister Smith; National Assembly gives highly disproportionate representation to white minority ? 50 white constituency seats and 16 black constituency seats Government leaders: Prime Minister Ian Smith and President Clifford Dupont Suffrage: franchise is based on income, property holdings, and education; there are separate rolls for Africans and non-Africans Elections: must be held every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Rhodesian Front, Prime Minister Smith; Rhodesia Party, Tim Gibbs; Rhodesia National Party, Leonard Idensohn; African Progressive Party, Chad Chipunza Voting strength (1974 elections): Rhodesian Front won all 50 white constituency seats in Parliament in July 1974 elections Communists: negligible Other pressure groups and leaders: principal black nationalist group ? African National Council, Abel Muzorewa; since December 1974 ANC has included membership of three former insurgent groups ? Zimbabwe African National Union (Ndabaningi Sithole), Zimbabwe African People's Union (Joshua Nkomo), Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe ( James Chikerema); the enlarged ANC split in September 1975, when Nkomo gained control of the ANC organization inside Rhodesia, and Muzorewa aligned with Sithole and other exiled insurgent leaders Member of: ITU ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974), $475 per capita; real growth rate 10% (1975) Agriculture: main crops ? tobacco, corn, sugar, cotton; livestock; self-sufficient in foodstuffs except wheat Major industries: mining and steel, textiles Electric power: 1,323,000 kw. capacity (1974); 5.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 934 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $652 million (f.o.b , 1973), including net gold sales and reexports; tobacco, asbestos, copper, meat, chrome, gold, nickel, clothing, sugar Imports: $541 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery, petroleum products, wheat, transport equipment Major trade partners: South Africa, Portugal, and Portuguese territories Aid: no substantial military or economic aid Budget: FY1976?revenues $678 million, expendi- tures $895 million, deficit $217 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Rhodesian dol- lar = US$1.54; 0.649 Rhodesian dollar= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,697 mi. narrow gage (3'6"); 26 mi. double track Highways: 48,733 mi.; 4,968 mi. paved, 20,415 mi. crushed stone, gravel, stabilized soil, or improved earth; 23,350 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 175 mi. on Lake Kariba Airfields: 273 total, 272 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 23 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: system is one of the best in Africa; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Salisbury, secondary center Bulawayo; 160,300 telephones; 225,000 radio and 58,000 TV receivers; 8 AM, no FM and 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,420,000; 866,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 63,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $132,310,192; 17.9% of total budget ROMANIA LAND 91,700 sq. mi.; 44% arable, 19% other agriculture, 27% forested, 10% other Land boundary: 1,845 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 112 n. mi. Coastline: 140 mi. PEOPLE Population: 21,349,000, average annual growth rate 1.0% (current) Nationality: noun?Romanian(s); adjective? Romanian Ethnic divisions: 87% Romanian, 8% Hungarian, 2% German, 3% other 172 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ROMANIA (See reference map IV Religion: 14 million Romanian Orthodox, 1 million Roman Catholic, 1 million Protestants, 100,000 Jews, 30,000 Muslims Language: Romanian, Hungarian, German Literacy: 98%-99% of total population Labor force: 10.1 million (1974); 40% agriculture, 30% industry, 30% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of Romania Type: Communist state Capital: Bucharest Political subdivisions: 39 counties and 46 municipalities, including Bucharest that has administrative status equal to a county Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory which increasingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State Government leaders: Manea Manescu, President of the Council of Ministers, head of government; Nicolae Ceausescu, President of the Socialist Republic, head of state Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory Elections: elections in Romania held every 4 years for the local people's councils and every 5 years for Grand National Assembly deputies Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party, Nicolae Ceausescu, General Secretary Voting strength (1975 election): overall participa- tion reached 99.96%; of those registered to vote (14,900,032), 98.8% voted for party candidates Communists: 2,480,000 party members (December 1974) Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $39.3 billion in 1974 (at 1973 prices), $1,860 per capita; real growth rate 8.8% (1971-74) Agriculture: net exporter; main crops ? corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock ? cattle, hogs, sheep; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1967-68) Fish catch: 85,000 metric tons (1972) Major industries: machinery, metals, fuels, chemicals, textiles, food processing, timber processing Shortages: iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber Crude steel: 8.8 million metric tons produced (1974), 420 kg. per capita Electric power: 10,900,000 kw. capacity (1974); 49.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,330 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4,874 million (f.o.b., 1974); 43% fuels, raw materials, semifinished products; 21% machinery and equipment; 20% foodstuffs; and 16% consumer goods (1974) Imports: $5,144 million (mixture f.o.b. and c.i.f., 1974); 34% machinery and equipment; 54% fuels, raw materials, semifinished products; 8% foodstuffs; and 4% consumer goods (1974) Major trade partners: $10,018 million in 1974; 58% non-Communist countries, 42% Communist countries (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 4.97 lei=US$1 (commercial) 12 lei=US$1 (tourist) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year, 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,464 mi.; 6,442 mi. standard gage, 1,014 mi. narrow gage, 8 mi. broad gage; 569 mi. electrified, 850 mi. double track; government owned (1974) Highways: 48,000 mi.; 7,600 mi. paved; 16,300 mi. other improved surfaces, 24,100 mi. earth (1974) Inland waterways: 1,445 mi. (1975) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,600 mi.; refined products, 888 mi.; natural gas, 3,100 mi. Freight carried: rail ? 239.5 million short tons, 37.4 billion short ton/mi. (1974); highway ? 579.8 million short tons, 5.7 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway ? 6.4 million short tons, est. 1.4 billion short ton/mi. (excl. intl, transit traffic) (1974) 173 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 ROMANIA/RWANDA Ports: 4 major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 2 minor (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 9.7 billion lei; about 4.1% of total budget RWANDA (See reference map WI LAND 10,000 sq. mi.; almost all the arable land, about 1/3 under cultivation, about 1/3 pastureland Land boundaries: 545 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,302,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Rwandan(s); adjective? Rwandan Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid) Religion: 45% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest animist Language: Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers Literacy: 10% in French and Kinyarwanda Labor force: less than 5% in cash economy GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Rwanda Type: republic, presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; 1962 constitution still in force except for Title V on the National Assembly Capital: Kigali Political subdivisions: 10 prefectures, subdivided into 142 communes January 1976 Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President, Committee for Peace and National Unity (composed of high military command), and 12-member cabinet Government leader: General Juvenal Hab- yarimana, Head of State Suffrage: universal Elections: last legislative election September 1969; none allowed by present government; elections of Communal Counsellors held November 1974 Political parties and leaders: none; all political activity banned and elections cancelled by military government after its July 5, 1973 coup Communists: no Communist party; U.S.S.R. and People's Republic of China have diplomatic missions in Rwanda Member of: AFDB, EAMA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $240 million (1971), $60 per capita Agriculture: cash crops ? mainly coffee, tea, cotton, some pyrethrum; main food crops ? bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency increasing but country still imports some foodstuffs Major industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore), agricultural processing, and light consumer goods Electric power: 21,460 kw. capacity (1974); 100 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 24 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $36 million (f.o.b., 1974); mainly coffee, tea, pyrethrum, cassiterite Imports: $31.1 million (c.i.f., 1973); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment Major trade partners: U.S., Belgium, West Germany Aid: U.S., FY62-73, $8.3 million; Belgium, France, West Germany, and Canada, FY64-67, $33.4 million obligated; China $22 million extended 1972 Budget: balanced at $34.7 million (FY74) Monetary conversion rate: 92.84 Rwanda francs =US$1 (official) since January 1974 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,815 mi.; 36 mi. paved, 19 mi. gravel, 1,367 mi. improved earth, 2,393 mi. unimproved; 2,485 mi. secondary roads; most roads improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Kivu navigable by steamers and barges 174 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 RWANDA/ ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS- ANGUILLA Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 9 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft., 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Kigali; 2,480 telephones; 60,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 956,000; 462,000 fit for military service; no conscription; 40,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $6,522,000; 17.3% of total budget ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS- ANGUILLA Atlantic Ocean ANGUILLA ISTOPHEG % 6 NEVIS Caribbean Sea (See reference map (I) LAND 150 sq. mi.; 40% arable, 10% pasture, 17% forest, 33% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 120 mi. PEOPLE Population: 69,000, average annual growth rate 1.2% (4/60-4/70) Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Nationality: noun?Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s), Anguillan(s); adjective?Kittsian, Nevisian, An- guillan Religion: Church of England, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 19,616 (1960 est.) Organized labor: 6,700 GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Christopher-Nevis- Anguilla Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State"; Anguilla formally seceded in May 1967 but has not been recognized as an independent state by any government; in July 1968 a legislative council headed by Ronald Webster was elected to govern Anguilla; in March 1969 the U.K. sent troops to Anguilla, placing the island again under colonial rule; in 1971, Anguilla reverted to its former colonial relationship with the U.K. although nominally remaining part of the Associated state of St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla; Webster became leader of Anguillan Council after constitutionally held elections (1972) Capital: Basseterre Political subdivisions: 10 districts Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial organ is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 10-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier, Robert L. Brad- shaw; U.K. Governor, Probyn Inniss Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: at least every 5 years; most recent 10 May 1971 Political parties and leaders: St. Christopher- Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party, Robert L. Bradshaw; People's Action Movement (PAM), William Herbert; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Ivor Stevens Voting strength (May 1971 election): St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party won 7 seats in the House of Assembly, PAM won 1, NRP won 1, and 1 seat remains open for Anguilla which did not participate in the election Communists: none known Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $15.2 million (1969), $260 per capita Agriculture: main crops ? sugar on St. Christopher, cotton on Nevis Major industries: sugar processing, salt extraction Electric power: 15,000 kw. capacity (1974); 20 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 550 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $6.1 million (f.o.b., 1972); sugar, molasses, cotton, salt, copra Imports: $15.3 million (c.i.f., 1972); foodstuffs, fuel, manufactures Major trade partners: U.K. 45%, Canada 14%, U.S. 12% (1966) 175 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA/ST. LUCIA Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 East Caribbean dollars =US$1 (May 1975); now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 36 mi., narrow gage (2'6") on St. Kitts for sugar cane Highways: 180 mi.; 60 mi. paved, 90 mi. otherwise improved, 30 mi. unimproved earth Ports: 3 minor (1 on each island) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 7,600 ft. Telecommunications: good interisland VHF radio connections and international link via Antigua; about 1,800 telephones; 10,000 radio and 1,600 TV receivers; 3 AM and 5 TV stations ST. LUCIA (See reference men ID LAND 238 sq. mi.; 50% arable, 3% pasture, 19% forest, 5% unused but potentially productive, 23% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 98 mi PEOPLE Population: 109,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (4/60-4/70) Nationality: noun?St. Lucian(s); adjective? St. Lucian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English, French patois Literacy: about 80% 176 January 1976 Labor force: 38,000 (1969); 50% agriculture; unemployment 30%-35% (1975) Organized labor: 20% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Lucia Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British -Associated State" Capital: Castries Political subdivisions: 16 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 17-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier John Compton; U.K. Governor Sir Allen Lewis Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent May 1974 Political parties and leaders: United Worker's Party (UWP), John Compton; St. Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Allan Louisy Voting strength (1974 election): UWP (53%) won 10 of the 17 elected seats in House of Assembly; SLP (45%) won 7 seats; independents (2%) no seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $33.2 million (1971 est.), $290 per capita; real growth rate 1971, 5.8% Agriculture: main crops ? bananas, copra, sugar, cocoa, spices Major industries: tourism, lime processing Shortages: food, machinery, capital goods Electric power: 13,500 kw. capacity (1974); 34 million kw.-hr. produced (1974); 250 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4.4 million (f.o.b., 1970); sugar, bananas, cocoa Imports: $27.3 million (c.i.f., 1970); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fertilizers, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.K. 51%, Canada 9%, U.S. 17% (1970) Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 East Caribbean dollars= US$1 (May 1975); now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 415 mi.; 175 mi. paved; 240 mi. otherwise improved Ports: 1 major (Castries), 1 minor Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 ST. LUCIA/ST. VINCENT Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 airfields with permanent surface runways; one with a 9,000 foot runway; one with a 5,700 foot runway; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic telephone system with 6,500 telephones; direct radio link with Martinique; interisland tropospheric links to Barbados and Antigua; 25,000 radio and 600 TV receivers; 3 AM, and 1 TV station ST. VINCENT Atlantic Ocean LAND 150 sq. mi. (including northern Grenadines); 50% arable, 3% pasture, 44% forest, 3% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi Coastline: 52 mi PEOPLE Population: 95,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (4/60-4/70) Nationality: noun?St. Vincentian(s) or Vin- centian(s); adjective?St. Vincentian or Vincentian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent; remainder mixed with some white and East Indian and Carib Indian Religion: Church of England, Methodist, Roman Catholic Language: English, some French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 50,000 (1972 est.); about .60% unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Vincent Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: Kingstown Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Government leader: Premier R. Milton Cato; Governor General (U.K.) Sir Rupert G. John Suffrage: universal adult suffrage (18 years old and over) Elections: every 5 years; most recent December 9, 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's Political Party (PPP), Ebenezer Joshua; St. Vincent Labor Party (LP), R. Milton Cato; Democratic Freedom Movement, Parnell Campbell and Kenneth John Voting strength (1975 election): LP 10 seats, PPP 2 seats, independent 1 seat in the Legislature Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $20 million (1971 est.), $200 per capita; 6.9% growth in 1971 Agriculture: main crops ? bananas, arrowroot, Coconut Major industries: food processing Electric power: 5,000 kw. capacity (1974); 15.5 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 160 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.9 million (f.o.b., 1971); bananas, arrowroot, copra, cotton Imports: $17.4 million (c.i.f., 1971); fertilizer, flour, transportation equipment, lumber, textiles Major trade partners: U.K. 39%, U.S. 7%, Canada 10% (1971) Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 East Caribbean dollars =US$1 (May 1975), now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,100 mi.; 400 mi. paved; 600 mi. otherwise improved; 100 mi. unimproved earth Ports: 1 major, 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total; 2 usable, 1 with asphalt runway 4,800 ft. Telecommunications: islandwide fully automatic telephone system with 4,800 instruments; VHF interisland links to Barbados and the Grenadines; 10,000 radio and 600 TV receivers; 2 AM stations Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 177 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SAN MARINO SAN MARINO SAN ARMS ITALY (See reference map IV/ LAND 24 sq mi.; 74% cultivated, 22% meadows and pastures, 4% built-on Land boundaries: 21 mi. PEOPLE Population: 19,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1974) Nationality: notin?Sarimarinese (sing. & pl.); adjective?Sanmarinese Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian Literacy: illiteracy relatively insignificant Labor force: approx. 4,300 Organized labor: General Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated Camera del Lavoro, about 1,000 members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of San Marino Type: republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government Capital: San Marino Political subdivisions: San Marino is divided into 9 sections: Guaita, Fratta, Serravalle, Domagnano, Acquaviva, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, Faetano, Chiesanuova Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve 5-year terms; Council in turn elects 178 January 1976 two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of 6 months, the Council of State whose members head government administrative depart- ments and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for Internal Affairs Government leaders: Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Gian Luigi Berti (Christian Democratic party); Secretary of State for Internal Affairs Giuseppe Lonferini (Christian Democratic party); Secretary for finance, budget, and planning Remy Giacomini (Socialist) Suffrage: universal (since 1960) Elections: elections to the Grand and General Council required at least every 5 years; next elections 1979 Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic party (DCS), Gian Luigi Berti; Social Democratic Party (PSDSM), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Bandli; People's Democratic Party (PDP), leader unknown; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown Voting strength (1974 election): 39.6% DCS, 23.7% PCS, 15.4% PSDIS, 13.9% PSS, 1.9% PDP, 2.9% CDR Communists: approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined); PSS, in government with Christian Democrats since March 1973, formed a government with the PCS from the end of World War II to 1957 Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy, the two Socialist parties are not united Member of: ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, IRC, UPU, WFTU ECONOMY Principal economic activities of San Marino are farming, livestock raising, light manufacturing, and tourism; the government's total budget for FY71 was about $12 million, with the largest share of revenue derived from the sale of postage stamps throughout the world and from payments by the Italian government in exchange for Italy's monopoly in retailing tobacco, gasoline, and a few other goods; main problem is finding an additional $3 million to finance badly needed water and electric power systems expansions Agriculture: principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SAN MARINO/SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock products Electric power: obtained from Italy, 1974 Manufacturing: consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogane, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogane, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borg? Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced Foreign transactions: dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreigners visit San Marino every day; a number of hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinesc abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 65 mi. Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving 5,000 telephones; no radiobroadcasting or television facilities, 4,400 radio and 3,300 TV receivers (Italian broadcasts) SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE EGUATORIAL GUINEA (See reference map II) LAND 372 sq. mi. (Sao Tome, 330 sq. mi. and Principe, 42 sq. mi.; including small islets of Pcdras Tinhosas) WATER Limits of territorial waters: 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: estimated 130 mi. PEOPLE Population: 75,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1972) Nationality: noun?Sao Tomean(s); adjective? Sao Tomean Ethnic divisions: native Sao Tomeans, migrant Cape Verdians, Portuguese Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Portuguese official Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; nearly half the island's work force, about 10,000 people, are unemployed, the other half work on cocoa plantations GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe Type: republic established when independence received from Portugal on July 1975; constitution not yet formulated Capital: Sao Tome Legal system: based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Da Costa heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers; there is a constituent assembly composed of 18 members Government leader: President Manuel Pinto Da Costa Suffrage: universal for age 18 and over Elections: elections were held July 1975 for the President and Constituent Assembly; future elections will be determined by new government when constitution is formulated Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Secretary-General Manuel Pinto Da Costa Communists: no Communist party, probably a few Communist sympathizers Member of: OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $19.6 million (1968 estimate based on 1970 census of 74,000); per capita income $265 (1968) Agriculture: cash crops?cocoa, copra, coconut, coffee, palm oil, bananas Major industries: food processing on small scale, timber Electric power: 3,300 kw. capacity (1974); 5.4 million kw.-hr. produced (1974); 75 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $8.7 million (f.o.b., 1970); mainly cocoa (70%), copra (12%), coconut, coffee, palm oil Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 179 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE/SAUDI ARABIA Imports: $9.6 million (c.i.f., 1970); communica- tions equipment, light and heavy vehicles, food products, beverages, fuels and lubricants Major trade partners: main partner, Portugal; followed by Netherlands, West Germany, African neighbors Aid: Portugal Budget: total expenditures $6.4 million (1970); balance on ordinary budget $0.7 million (1970) Monetary conversion rate: 27 escudos= US$1 (September 1975) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable; 2 permanent surface runways; 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. DEFENSE FORCES A company of 150 local troops has been formed into a fledgling army. SAUDI ARABIA (See reference map VI LAND Estimated at about 900,000 sq. mi. (boundaries undefined and disputed); 1% agricultural, 1% forested, 98% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 2,820 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (plus 6 n. mi. -necessary supervision zone-) Coastline: 1,560 mi. PEOPLE Population: 6,170,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun?Saudi(s); adjective?Saudi Arabian or Saudi Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian (est.) 180 January 1976 Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: about 25% of population; 40% agriculture and herding, 12% construction, 12% service, 12% government, 11% commerce, 13% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Type: monarchy Capital: Riyadh; foreign ministry and foreign diplomatic representatives located in Jiddah Political subdivisions: 18 amirates Legal system: largely based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King Khalid (Al Saud, Khalid ibn Abd al-Aziz) rules in consultation with royal family (especially Crown Prince Fahd), Council of Ministers, and religious leaders Government leader: King Khalid Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIVIO ECONOMY GNP: $21 billion (1974 est., 1973 prices), $3,700 per capita; annual growth in real GNP approx. 30% (1973/74 average) Agriculture: dates, grains, livestock; not self- sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum production 8.4 million b/d (current); payments to Saudi Arabian Govern- ment, $25 billion (1974 est.); cement production and small steel-rolling mill and oil refinery; several other light industries, including factories producing detergents, plastic products, furniture, etc.; PETROM IN, a semipublic agency associated with the Ministry of Petroleum, has recently completed a major fertilizer plant Electric power: 341,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.1 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 183 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $31.4 billion (f.o.b., 1974 est.); 99% petroleum and petroleum products Imports: $3.6 billion (c.i.f., 1974 est.); manufac- tured goods, transportation equipment, construction materials, and processed food products Major trade partners: exports ? U.S., Western Europe, Japan; imports ? U.S., Japan, West Germany Monetary conversion rate: 1 Saudi riyal =US$0.29 as of March 1975 (linked to SDR, freely convertible) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SAUDI ARABIA/SENEGAL Fiscal year: follows Islamic year; the 1973-74 Saudi fiscal year covers the period 30 July 1973 through 1 July 1974 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 350 mi., 4'8 1/2 " gage Highways: 9,300 mi.; 5,600 mi. bituminous, 3,700 mi. gravel and improved earth, undetermined mileage of earth roads and tracks Pipelines: crude oil, 1,500 mi.; refined products, 240 mi.; natural gas, 61 mi. Ports: 3 major (Jidda, Ad Damman, Ras Tanura), 6 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 101 total, 79 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 14 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 40 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft., 2 with runways over 12,000 ft. Telecommunications: excellent international tele- communications; fair domestic service; 84,100 telephones; 255,000 radio and 150,000 TV receivers; 11 TV, 1 FM, and 4 AM stations; 2 submarine cables; 2 satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,453,000; 804,000 fit for military service; about 64,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 12 July 1975, $2,536 million; about 22% of total budget SENEGAL (See reference map VI) LAND 76,000 sq mi.; 13% forested, 40% agricultural (12% cultivated), 47% built-up areas, waste, etc. Land boundaries: 1,665 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing 110 n. mi.; fisheries zone beyond territorial sea) Coastline: 330 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,351,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (7/67-7/69) Nationality: noun?Senegalese (sing. & pl.); adjective?Senegalese Ethnic divisions: 36% Wolof, 17.5% Fulani, 16.5% Serer, 9% Tukulor, 9% Dyola, 6.5% Malinke, 4.5% other African, 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 80% Muslim, 15% animist, 5% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) Language: French official, but regular use limited to literate minority; most Senegalese speak own tribal language; use of Wolof vernacular spreading ? now spoken to some degree by nearly half the population Literacy: 5%-10% (est.) in 14 plus age group Labor force: 1,732,000; about 80% subsistence agricultural workers; about 125,000 wage earners Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force represented by unions; however, dues-paying membership very limited GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Senegal Type: republic Capital: Dakar Political subdivisions: 7 regions, each subdivided into 18 departments, 90 districts, and 34 communes Legal system: based on French civil law system; constitution adopted 1960, revised 1963 and 1970; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court (which also audits the government's accounting office); legal education at University of Dakar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Government dominated by President who is assisted by Prime Minister, appointed by President and subject to dismissal by President or censure by National Assembly; 80-member National Assembly, elected for 5 years (effective 1973); President elected for 5-year term (effective 1973) by universal suffrage; judiciary headed by Supreme Court, with members appointed by President Government leaders: Leopold Sedar Senghor, President; Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal adult Elections: uncontested presidential and legislative elections held February 1973 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: Union Progressiste Senegalaise (UPS), ruling party led by President Leopold Senghor; Parti Democratique Senegalaise 181 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SENEGAL/SEYCHELLES (PDS), legal opposition party founded July 1974, illegal parties include Communist-backed Parti Africain de FIndependence (PAI) and Parti Communiste Senegalais (PCS), a splinter group Communists: a few Communists and sympa- thizers; PAI is pro-Moscow; PCS in pro-Peking Other political or pressure groups: labor unions are controlled by party; students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, 11X), IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $930 million (1973 est.); $230 per capita; real growth rate probably zero or negative since 1972 (1966-71) Agriculture: main crops ? peanuts, millet, sorghum, manioc, rice; peanuts primary cash crop; production of food crops increasing hilt still insufficient for domestic requirements Fishing: catch 249,000 metric tons, $55.2 million, (1972); exports $12 million (1971), imports (not available) Major industries: fishing, agricultural processing plants, light manufacturing, mining Electric power: 107,800 kw. capacity (1974); 425 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 106 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $427 million (f.o.b., 1974); approx. 35% peanuts and peanut products; phosphate rock; canned fish Imports: $543 million (c.i.f., 1974); food, consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC (other than France), and franc zone Aid: economic ? France (1966-70) $115 million; China (1973) $49.1 million; U.S. (FY1961-73) $44 million; U.S.S.R. $7.1 million; EC (1961-73) $154 million; military ? U.S. (FY61 -73) $2.8 million Budget: 1976?balanced at $535.5 million Monetary conversion rate: francs; about 219.98 Communaute Einanciere Africaine francs. US$1 as of August 1975 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 640 mi. meter gage; 40 mi. double track Highways: 8,725 mi.; 1,335 mi. bituminous, 990 mi. gravel, 400 mi. improved earth, 6,000 mi. unimproved earth January 1976 Inland waterways: 935 mi. Ports: 1 major (Dakar), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 27 total, 27 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 19 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: relatively advanced for Africa; 31,500 telephones; 286,000 radio receivers; 1,675 TV receivers; 3 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 965,000; 485,000 fit for military service; 52,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $29,817,536; about 9.8% of total budget SEYCHELLES Indian Ocean SEYCHELLES MADAGASCAR (See reference map VII LAND 156 sq. mi.; 54% arable land, nearly all of it is under cultivation, 17% wood and forest land, 29% other (mainly reefs and other surfaces unsuited for agriculture); 40 granitic and 43 coral islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 305 mi. (Mahe Island 58 mi.) PEOPLE Population: 59,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/68-7/73) Nationality: noun?Seychellois (sing. & pl.); adjective?Seychelles Ethnic divisions: Seychellois (admixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans) Religion: 90% Roman Catholic 182 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SEYCHELLES/SIERRA LEONE Language: English official; Creole most widely spoken Literacy: limited Labor force: 22,000 agriculture Organized labor: 3 major trade unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of the Seychelles Type: British crown colony with large measure of internal autonomy; Britain has agreed to grant independence before late June 1976 Capital: Victoria, Mahe Island Legal system: based on English common law, French civil law system, and customary law Branches: Governor, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Legislative Assembly Government leaders: Prime Minister, James Mancham; Governor, Colin H. Allan Suffrage: universal adult Elections: April 1974, held every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Seychelles Demo- cratic Party (SDP), James R. Mancham, President; Seychelles Peoples United Party (SPUP), France Albert Rene, President Voting strength: SDP won 13 seats in Legislative Assembly with 52.4% popular vote in 1974 election; SPUP won 2 scats with 47.6% of votes; under agreement reached in March 1975, each party named five new members to the legislature Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: trade unions which are appendages of political parties Member of: WCL ECONOMY Agriculture: islands depend largely on coconut production and export of copra; cinnamon, vanilla, and patchouli (used for perfumes) are other cash crops; food crops ? small quantities of sweet potatoes, cassava, sugarcane, and bananas; islands not self-sufficient in foodstuffs and the bulk of the supply must be imported Major industries: processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, small-scale manufacture of consumer goods, coir rope factory, tea factory Electric power: 3,500 kw. capacity (1974); 9 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 171 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $3 million (f.o.b., 1974); cinnamon (bark and oil) and vanilla account for almost 50% of the total, copra accounts for about 40%, the remainder consisting of patchouli, fish, and guano Imports: $27 million (c.i.f., 1974); food, tobacco, and beverages account for about 40% of imports, manufactured goods about 25%, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, textiles Major trade partners: exports ? India, U.S.; imports ? U.K., Burma, India, South Africa, Kenya, Australia Aid: $32 million in aid during 1974-76 from U.K.; US (FY53-73) $0.5 million Budget: FY73 ? revenues $9 million, expenditures $10 million (approx.) Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 Seychelles rupees= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 141 mi.; 78 mi. bituminous, 63 mi. crushed stone or earth Ports: 1 minor port (Victoria) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable on (Praslin Island, Astove Island, Bird Island, Mahe Island) 1 permanent surface 8,000-11,999 ft. Telecommunications: direct radiocommunications with adjacent islands and African coastal countries; 2,470 telephones; 15,000 radio, and no TV sets; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; submarine cables extend to Aden, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,000; 7,000 fit for military service SIERRA LEONE GUINEA- BISSAU Freetow SIE R LEONE Atlantic Ocean (See reference map VII LAND 27,900 sq. mi.; 65% arable (6% of total land area under cultivation), 27% pasture, 4% swampland, 4% forested Land boundaries: 580 mi. 183 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SIERRA LEONE WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n mi Coastline: 250 mi PEOPLE Population: 2,768,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Sierra Leonean(s); adjective? Sierra Leonean Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, rest European and Asian; 13 tribes Religion: 70% animist, 25% Muslim, 5% Christian Language: English official, but regular use limited to literate minority; principal vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; "Krio," the language of the resettled ex-slave population of the Freetown area, is used as a lingua franca Literacy: about 10% Labor force: about 1.5 million; most of population engages in subsistence agriculture; only small minority, some 70,000, earn wages Organized labor: 35% of wage earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Sierra Leone Type: republic under presidential regime since April 1971 Capital: Freetown Political subdivisions: 3 provinces; divided into 12 districts with 146 chiefdoms, where paramount chief and council of elders constitute basic unit of g,overri- rnent; plus western area, which comprises Freetown arid other coastal areas of the former colony Legal system: based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; constitution adopted April 1971; highest court of appeal is the Sierra Leone Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by President; parliament consists of 100 authorized seats, 85 of which are filled by elected representatives of constituencies and 12 by Paramount Chiefs elected by fellow Paramount Chiefs in each district; President authorized to appoint three members, of which two, currently, are filled by the heads of the Army and the Police independent judiciary Government leader: Siaka Stevens, President, heads APC government composed of members of his political party Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: the maximum life of an elected parliament is 5 years, but it may be dissolved earlier by the President; parliamentary election held in May 1973; President is elected by parliament for 5 year term; next presidential election 1976 January 1976 Political parties and leaders: All People's Congress (APC), headed by Stevens; Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) is the opposition party Communists: no party, although there are a few Communists and a slightly larger number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $493 million (1974), approx. $180 per capita; growth rate 22% (1973-74) Agriculture: main crops ? palm kernels, coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, millet, ginger, cassava; much of cultivated land devoted to subsistence farming; food crops insufficient for domestic consumption Fishing: catch 51,000 metric tons (1972), $6.6 million (1972), imports $2.7 million (1971) Major industries: mining ? diamonds, iron ore, bauxite, rutile; manufacturing ? beverages, textiles, cigarettes, construction goods; 1 oil refinery Electric power: 57,000 kw. capacity (1974); 270 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 63 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $141 million (f.o.b., 1974); 60% diamonds; iron ore, palm kernels, cocoa, coffee Imports: $216 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery and transportation equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.K., EC, Japan, U.S., Communist countries Budget: (FY74) current revenues $106 million, current expenditures $82 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 leone = US$1.19 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June (since 1 July 1966) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 60 mi. narrow gage (3'6") privately owned mineral line operated by the Sierra Leone Development Company Highways: 5,130 mi.; 550 mi. bituminous (including some bituminous treatment), 1,470 mi. laterite (some gravel), and 3,110 mi. earth Inland waterways: 500 mi.; 372 mi. navigable year-round Ports: 1 major (Freetown), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph are adequate; 7,850 telephones; 61,000 radio and 6,000 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV stations; 3 submarine cables 184 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SIERRA LEONE/SINGAPORE DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 640,000; 307,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 30 June 1975, $9,548,203; 6.97% of total budget SINGAPORE Indian Ocean (See reference map VII LAND 225 sq. mi.; 31% built up area, roads, railroads, and airfields, 22% agricultural, 47% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. Coastline: 120 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,271,000, average annual growth rate 1.6% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Singaporan(s); adjective? Singaporan Ethnic divisions: 76.2% Chinese, 15% Malay, 7% Indians and Pakistani, 1.8% other Religion: majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim; minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists Language: national language is Malay; Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English are official languages Literacy: 70% (1970) Labor force: 474,718; 0.5% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.4% mining and quarrying, 32.2% manufacturing, 30.4% services, 5.2% construction, 21.5% commerce, 9.8% transport, storage, and communications Organized labor: 24% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Singapore Type: republic within Commonwealth since separation from Malaysia in August 1965 Capital: Singapore Legal system: based on English common law; constitution based on preindependence State of Singapore constitution; legal education at University of Singapore; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: ceremonial President; executive power exercised by Prime Minister and cabinet responsible to unitary legislature Government leaders: President, Dr. Benjamin Sheares; Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew Suffrage: universal over age 20; voting compulsory Elections: normally every 5 years Political parties and leaders: government ? People's Action Party (PAP), Lee Kuan Yew; opposition ? Barisan Sosialis Party (BSP), Dr. Lee Siew Choh; Workers' Party, J.B. Jeyaretnam; Communist Party illegal Voting strength (1972 election): PAP won all 65 seats in parliament and received 70% of vote; remaining 30% to four opposition parties Communists: 200-500; Barisan Sosialis Party infiltrated by Communists Member of: ADB, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $5.5 billion (1974), $2,400 per capita; 12.3% average annual real growth (1966-74), 6.8% (1974) Agriculture: occupies a position of minor importance in the economy, self-sufficient in pork, poultry, and eggs, must import much of its other food requirements; major crops ? rubber, copra, fruit and vegetables Fishing: catch 15,700 metric tons (1972), imports ? 47,000 metric tons (1972) Major industries: petroleum refining, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, electronics, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services Electric power: 1,109,000 kw. capacity (1974); 3.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,773 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $6.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974); 40% reexports; petroleum products, rubber, manufactured goods Imports: $8.9 billion (c.i.f., 1974); 18% goods reexported; major retained imports ? capital equipment, manufactured goods, petroleum Major trade partners: exports ? Malaysia, U.S., Japan, U.K., Indonesia; imports ? Japan, Malaysia, U.S., U.K. Aid: U.K. ? (1960- September 1969) $254 million disbursed, (1969-73) $120 million extended; IBRD ? 185 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SINGAPORE/SOMALIA (1963-74) $143 million committed, $61 million disbursed; U.S. ? (FY53-74) $102 million committed Budget: (FY75/76) revenues $1.1 billion, expendi- tures $1.8 billion, deficit $700 million; 25% military, 75% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 2.48 Singapore dollars =US$1 (August 1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 24 mi of meter gage Highways: 1,340 mi. (1974); 1,035 mi. paved, 305 mi. crushed stone or improved earth Ports: 3 major Civil air: 19 major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: adequate domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage; 350,159 telephones; 311,409 radio and 240,314 TV sets; 2 AM, 5 FM, and 2 TV stations; new seacom submarine cable extends to Hong Kong via Sabah, Malaysia; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 596,000; 424,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $335 million; about 1811 of total budget SOMALIA (See reference map VI) LAND 246,000 sq. mi.; 13% arable (0.3% cultivated), 32% grazing, 14% scrub and forest, 41% mainly desert, urban, or other Land boundaries: 1,406 mi. January 1976 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi Coastline: 1,880 mi. PEOPLE Population: 3,190,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/65-7/72) Nationality: noun?Somali(s); adjective?Somali Ethnic divisions: 85% Hamitic, rest mainly Bantu; 30,000 Arabs, 3,000 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: almost entirely Muslim Language: Somali (written form recently instituted by government); Arabic, Italian, English Literacy: under 5% Labor force: 965,000 (1968 est.); very few are skilled laborers; 70% pastoral nomads, 30% agriculturists, government employees, traders, fishermen, handicraftsmen, other Organized labor: law providing for government- controlled labor union promulgated in June 1971, but union so far not established GOVERNMENT Legal name: Somali Democratic Republic Type: republic; under military rule since October 1969 Capital: Mogadiscio Political subdivisions: 12 regions, 56 districts Organization: the junta has assumed all authority, calling itself the Supreme Revolutionary Council, membership of which consists of 17 army and 3 police officers; the Council has abrogated the constitution, dissolved the parliament, and banned political parties Government leader: President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre Communists: possibly some Communist sympa- thizers in the government hierarchy Member of: AFDB, EAMA, FAO, IfIRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $220 million (1973 est.), $70 per capita Agriculture: mainly a pastoral country; main crops ? bananas, sugarcane, cotton, cereals; livestock Major industries: a few small industries, including a sugar refinery, tuna and beef canneries, iron rod plant Electric power: 9,000 kw. capacity (1974); 38 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 12 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $55 million (fob., 1974); bananas, livestock, hides, skins 186 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 SOMALIA/SOUTH AFRICA Imports: $157 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, cereals, transport equipment, machinery, construction equipment Major trade partners: Italy and Arab countries; $29 million imports from Communist countries (1973 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 6.295 Somali shil- lings= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 8,414 mi.; 582 mi. paved; 478 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 7,354 mi. improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: Fiume Giuba navigable 345 mi. from May to mid-June and August to late November Ports: 3 major (Mogadiscio, Berbera, Chisiamaio) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 64 total, 44 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft.; 4 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 15 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph fair; 4,740 telephones; 67,500 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 754,000; 416,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1972, 19,400,000; 25.3% of total budget SOUTH AFRICA Indian Ocean (See reference map VI) LAND 472,000 sq. mi. (includes enclave of Walvis Bay, 434 sq. mi.); 12% cultivable, 2% forested, 86% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,270 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,790 mi. PEOPLE Population: 25,909,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/70-7/74) Nationality: noun?South African(s), adjective? South African Ethnic divisions: 17.8% white, 69.9% African, 9.4% Colored, 2.9% Asian Religion: primarily Christian except Asian and African; 60% of Africans are animists Language: Afrikaans and English official, Africans have many vernacular languages Literacy: almost all white population literate; government estimates 35% of Africans literate Labor force: 8.7 million (total of economically active, 1970); 53% agriculture, 8% manufacturing, 7% mining, 5% commerce, 27% miscellaneous services Organized labor: about 7% of total labor force is unionized (mostly white workers); nonwhites have no bargaining power GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of South Africa Type: republic Capital: administrative, Pretoria; legislative, Cape Town; judicial, Bloemfontein Political subdivisions: 4 provinces, each headed by centrally appointed administrator; provincial councils, elected by white electorate, retain limited powers Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; constitution enacted 1961, changing the Union of South Africa into a Republic; possibility of judicial review of Acts of Parliament concerning dual official languages; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President as formal chief of state; Prime Minister as head of government; Cabinet responsible to bicameral legislature; lower house elected directly by white electorate; upper house indirectly elected and appointed; judiciary maintains substantial independence of government influence Government leader: Prime Minister Balthazar Johannes Vorster Suffrage: general suffrage limited to whites over 18 (17 in Natal Province) Elections: must be held at least every 5 years; last elections April 1974 Political parties and leaders: National Party, B. J. Vorster, P. W. Botha, C. Mulder, M. C. Botha, 187 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 SOUTH AFRICA/SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Jan De Klerk; United Party, Sir De Villiers Graaff; Progressive-Reform Party, Colin Eglin, Harry Schwarz, Helen Suzman; Hcrstigte Nasionale party, Albert Hertzog; Reform Party (split from United Party in February 1975), Harry Schwarz Voting strength (1974 general elections): parliamentary seats: National Party 122, United Party 41, Progressive Party 6 Communists: small Communist Party illegal since 1950; party in exile maintains headquarters in London; Dr. Yasuf Dadoo, Moses Kotane, Joe Slovo Other political groups: (insurgent groups in exile) African National Congress (ANC), Oliver Tambo; Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), leadership in dispute Member of: GATT, IAEA, MID, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $31 billion (1974), $1,240 per capita; real growth rate 7.2% (1974) Agriculture: main crops ? corn, wool, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, citrus fruits; dairy products; self- sufficient in foodstuffs Fishing: catch 1.3 million metric tons (1973), $176 million (1973) Major industries: mining, automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, fishing Electric power: 11,635,000 kw. capacity (1974); 70.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,750 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $4.4 billion (f.o.b.. 1974, excluding gold); wool, diamonds, corn, uranium, sugar, fruit, hides, skins, metals, metallic ores, asbestos, fish products; gold output $3.6 billion (1974) Imports: $8.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974); motor vehicles, machinery, metals, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K. and other Common- wealth nations, U.S., West Germany, Japan Aid: no substantial military or economic aid Budget: FY76 ? revenue $9.1 billion, expenditures $9.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 SA Rand= US$1.15 as of November 1975, 0.87 SA Rand= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March NOTE: Foreign trade figures are official South African data converted at $1.40 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 12,318 mi.; 11,879 mi. 3'6" gage of which 1,323 mi are multiple track; 2,726 mi. electrified; 440 mi. 2'0" gage single track Highways: 220,000 mi.; 31,700 mi. paved, 42,650 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 145,650 mi. improved and unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 520 mi.; refined products, 450 mi.; natural gas, 200 mi. Ports: 5 major, 6 minor Civil air: 64 major transport aircraft Airfields: 662 total, 531 usable; 57 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 8 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 130 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: the system is the best developed, most modern, and highest capacity in Africa and consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria; 1.8 million telephones; 2.5 million radio receivers; 13 AM, 60 FM, and no TV stations; 4 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,617,000; 3,437,000 fit for military service; obligation for service in Citizen Force begins at 18; volunteers for service in permanent force must be 17 Military budget: for year ending 31 March 1976, $1,393,502,866; 18% of total budget SOUTH-WEST AFRICA SOUTH?WEST Windhrk* AFRICA (See reference map VII LAND 318,000 sq. mi.; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border Land boundaries: 2,360 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) 188 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SOUTH-WEST AFRICA Coastline: 925 mi. PEOPLE Population: 902,000, average annual growth rate 3.0% (7/68-7/74) Nationality: noun?South West African(s); adjective?South West African Ethnic divisions: 14% white, 81% Africans, 5% Colored (mulattoes); almost half the Africans belong to Ovambo tribe; Damara tribe has almost 45,000 members; Herero, Okavango, Nama tribes have about 30,000 members each Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either animist or Christian Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 70% of white population, German of 22% and English of 8%; several African languages Literacy: high for white population; low for nonwhite Labor force: 203,300 (total of economically active, 1970); 68% agriculture, 15% railroads, 13% mining, 4% fishing Organized labor: no trade unions, although some white wage earners belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of South-West Africa Type: administered as part of Republic of South Africa, under a League of Nations mandate of 1920; U.N. formally ended South Africa's mandate on October 27, 1966, and status now in dispute Capital: Windhoek Political subdivisions: 10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open to white settlement with administrative subdivisions similar to a province of South Africa Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law Branches: administrator, appointee of South African Government, has jurisdiction over zone of white settlement with white-elected Legislative Assembly handling some local matters; white residents also elect representatives in South African Parliament; tribal homelands are under South African Department of Bantu Administration and Development with tribal chiefs exercising limited autonomy; popularly elected legislative councils for Ovamboland and Kavango- land established in August 1973 Government leader: B. J. van der Walt, Administrator Suffrage: limited to white adults Elections: last general election, 1974 Political parties and leaders: white parties ? National Party (NP), led in South-West Africa by A. H. du Plessis; United National South-West Party (UNSWP), J. P. Niehaus Voting strength: NP (1974 election) won 5 of 6 seats in Republic legislature Communists: no Communist Party, but some influence by South African Communists and other Communists on South-West African blacks outside territory Other political or pressure groups: nonwhite ? South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), almost exclusively based on Ovambo tribe led by Sam Nujoma, in exile; South-West Africa National Union (SWANU), primarily based on Herero tribe, leaders in exile; National Unity Democratic Organization (NU DO), primarily based on Herero tribe led by Clements Kapuuo; Namibian National Convention, an alliance of non-white groups that oppose separate development for tribal homelands ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predominates, subsistence crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised but most food must be imported Fishing: catch 567,600 metric tons (1972) (processed mostly in South African enclave of Walvis Bay) Major industries: meatpacking, fish processing, copper, lead, and diamond mining, dairy products Electric power: 155,200 kw. capacity (1974); 543 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 690 kw.-hr. per capita Aid: South Africa is only major donor Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African Rand=US$1.15 (as of June 1974); 0.87 SA Rand= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,454 mi., all 3'6" gage, single track Highways: 21,000 mi.; 2,344 mi. bituminous treated, 220 mi. gravel and 18,436 mi. earth road and tracks Ports: 1 major (Walvis Bay), 1 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (registered in South Africa) Airfields: 114 total, 93 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft.; 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 41 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: system is a meager combina- tion of open-wire lines, a single short radio-relay link, and scattered radiocommunication stations; Wind- hoek is the center; 40,450 telephones; unknown number of radio receivers; no AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations 189 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 SOUTH-WEST AFRICA/SPAIN DEFENSE Military manpower: males 15-49, about 195,000; about 116,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa SPAIN (See reference map IV) LAND 195,000 sq. mi., including Canary (2,900 sq. mi.) and Balearic Islands (1,940 sq. mi.); 41% arable and land under permanent crops, 27% meadow and pasture, 22% forest, 10% urban or other Land boundaries: 1,180 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. (fishing, 12 is. mi.) Coastline: 3,085 mi. (includes Balearic Islands, 420 mi., and Canary Islands, 720 mi.) PEOPLE Population: 35,783,000 (including the Balearic and Canary Islands; also including Alhucemas, Ceuta, Chafarinas, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun?Spaniard(s); adjective? Spanish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types Religion: 99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects Language: Castilian Spanish spoken by great majority; but 17% speak Catalan, 7% Galician, and 2% Basque Literacy: about 90% Labor force (1973): 12.7 million; 25% agriculture, 36% industry, 39% services; registered unemployment is 2.1% of labor force, in reality about 4% Organized labor: 90% of labor force in compulsory government-controlled syndicates GOVERNMENT Legal name: (The) Spanish State Type: a monarchy facing the problem of how to liberalize the authoritarian regime of the late Generalissimo Franco; proclaimed Juan Carlos King, on November 22, 1975 Capital: Madrid Political subdivisions: metropolitan Spain, including the Canaries and Balearics, divided into 50 provinces with governors appointed by the central government; also 5 places of sovereignty (presidios) in Africa; Ifni province ceded by Spain to Morocco in June 1969; 2 former provinces comprising Equatorial Guinea were granted independence in October 1968; decolonization of Spanish Sahara began in November 1975 Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications of customary law; 7 basic laws including Organic Law of the State of January 1967 serve as a constitution; legal education at 14 schools of law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, with King's acts subject to counter-signature, Prime Minister likely to dominate all branches of government through his position as chief of government; legislative with unicameral Cortes dominated by executive; judicial, independent in principle but generally limited to interpretation of laws Government leaders: King Juan Carlos I ? Chief of State, Commander in Chief of the armed forces, and titular head of the National Movement (formerly called the Falange), Carlos Arias Navarro, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal in national referendums, over age 21 Elections: only two types of direct election other than referendum provided: representatives to municipal councils for which only heads of households vote (latest election November 1973) and, under new constitutional law of 1967, 104 members of the Cortes elected by heads of households and married women for a 4-year term (last election September 1971; September 1975 election postponed until March 1976) Political parties and leaders: National Movement only legally recognized party; Prime Minister exercises leadership assisted by Adolfo Suarez Gonzalez, headed by Franco, minister-secretary general; political associations authorized in January 1975; various semiclandestine opposition groups include ? Christian Democratic factions under Jose Maria Gil Robles and Joaquin Ruiz Gimenez; the Socialists include the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), led by -Young Turk- Felipe Gonzalez, the Popular Socialist Party under Enrique Tierno Galvan, and the 190 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SPAIN small new Spanish Social Democratic Union; the Anarchists; Republicans; Monarchists; smaller regional and national splinter groups; the Spanish Communist Party, whose secretary general, Santiago Carrillo Solares, is in exile, as well as a small dissident pro-Soviet faction led by exiled Enrique Lister Forjan; and some small radical Communist groups which appear and disappear under varying names; most of the opposition groups have joined one of two loosely- knit coalitions ? the Communist-dominated Democratic Junta, formed in the summer of 1974, and the Socialist-Christian Democratic Platform of Democratic convergence, established in the summer of 1975 Voting strength: 561 scats, but somewhat fewer members as some hold more than one seat ? 19% representing the family elected directly; 45% representing municipalities, syndicates, and profes- sions elected indirectly under close regime control; and 36% are appointed by regime or are ex officio Communists: (est.) 5,000 inside Spain, 12,000 outside Spain; sympathizers in Spain, up to 20,000 Other political or pressure groups: on the extreme left, the illegal Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the Anti-Fascist and Patriotic Revolutionary Front (FRAY) use terrorism to oppose the government; on the extreme right, the guerrillas of Christ the King carry out vigilante attacks on ETA members (on occasion following them into France), and other leftists the state-controlled organization of syndicates, comprising representatives of management and labor, an illegal labor group called the Workers' Commissions, the Catholic Church, business and land owning interests, Opus Dei, Catholic Action, university students Member of: ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAS (observer), OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $73.3 billion est. (1974); $2,080 per capita; 65.4% consumption, 23.5% investment, 11.1% government 1973; real growth rate 4.9% (1974) Agriculture: main crops ? cereals, oranges, grapes for wine, potatoes, olives, sugar beets; virtually self- sufficient in good crop years; caloric intake, 2,750 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: landed 850,578 metric tons valued at $458.4 million in 1973 Major industries: food processing, textiles and apparel (including footwear), metal manufacturing, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles Shortages: crude petroleum Crude steel: 11.5 million metric tons produced (1974), 330 kilograms per capita Electric power: 24,933,410 kw. capacity (1974); 80.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2,050 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $7,091 million (f.o.b., 1974); principal items ? oranges and other fruits, iron and steel products, textiles, wines, mercury, ships, canned fruits, vegetables Imports: $15,428 million (c.i.f., 1974); principal items ? machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, grains, cotton, iron and steel Major trade partners: (1974) EC 32%, U.S. and Canada 15%, Latin America 8%, CEMA 2% Aid: economic ? U.S., $2.3 billion authorized (FY46-73), IBRD, $427 million authorized (FY64-73), $50.0 million authorized (FY73); military ? U.S., $839 million authorized (FY53-73) Budget: (1974) receipts 615 billion pesetas, expenditures 625 billion pesetas, deficit 10 billion pesetas Monetary conversion rate: 1 peseta= US$0.0178 (1974 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 10,203 mi.; 8,324 mi. (5'6" gage), 1,879 mi, other gages (4'8 1/2 " to 1'11%"); 1,310 mi., double track; 2,612 mi. electrified; all government-owned except 627 mi. privately-owned Highways: 86,600 mi.; national ? 35,175 mi. bituminous treatment, 9,400 mi. crushed stone, 4,225 mi. bituminous, stone block and concrete; provincial - 18,200 mi. bituminous treatment, 18,400 crushed stone, 1,200 mi. bituminous, concrete, and stone block Inland waterways: about 650 mi.; of minor importance as transport Arteries and contribute little to economy Pipelines: crude oil, 240 mi.; refined products, 609 mi.; natural gas, 100 mi. Ports: 23 major, 150 minor Civil air: 196 major transport aircraft (including 3 registered but leased from a foreign country) Airfields (including Balearic and Canary Islands): 112 total, 84 usable; 47 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways over 12,000 ft., 17 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 35 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft.; 5 seaplane stations Telecommunications: generally adequate, modern facilities; 7.39 million telephones; 8.5 million radio and 6.3 million television receivers; 170 AM, 231 FM, and 694 TV stations; 7 coaxial submarine cables; 4 communication satellite ground stations 191 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SPAIN/SPANISH SAHARA/SRI LANKA DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,620,000; 6,631,000 fit for military service; 280,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $2,884 million; about 25% of central government budget SPANISH SAHARA CANARY ISLANDS , *EI Aaiun SPANISH SAHARA (See faterance map VI) LAND 103,000 sq. mi., nearly all desert Land boundaries: 1,296 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 ii. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 690 mi. PEOPLE Population: 108,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Nationality: noun?Spanish Saharan(s); adjec- tive?Spanish Saharan Ethnic divisions: 71.5% Arab, Berber, and Negro nomads; 28.5% Spanish Religion: 72% Muslim, 28% Catholic Language: Spanish (official), local Arabic or liassania Literacy: among Spanish, probably nearly 100%; among nomads, perhaps 5% Labor force: 12,000; 50% agriculture, 50% other Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Province of Sahara Type: province of Spain Capital: El Aaiun Spain is withdrawing from the territory (decoloniz- ing) and is expected to complete the process by January 1976 February 28, 1976. An agreement signed on November 14, 1975 with Morocco and Mauritania in Madrid created a provisional administration to govern the territory until Spain withdraws completely. As co-administrators, Morocco and Mauritania? inter alia?are expected to partition the territory between them. Several Saharan independence groups, most notably the Algerian-backed POLISAR1O Front, oppose partition and are waging military and propaganda campaigns in an effort to prevent annexation. ECONOMY Agriculture: practically none; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces Major industries: confined to fishing and handicrafts; exploitation of huge phosphate deposit is planned Shortages: water Electric power: 3,450 kw. capacity (1974); 8.4 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 110 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $445,600 (1968); dried fish, goatskins Imports: $1,443,000 (1968); fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs Major trade partners: monetary trade largely with Spain and Spanish possessions Aid: small amounts from Spain Monetary conversion rate: 58.03 pesetas = US$1 (official), set February 1973 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none highways: 3,790 mi.; 305 bituminous treated, 3,485 mi. unimproved earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (El Aaiun, Villa Cisneros), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 17 total, 17 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph poor; 600 telephones; 16,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 16,000; 8,000 fit for military service SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) LAND 25,300 sq. mi.; 25% cultivated; 44% forested; 31% waste, urban, and other 1 92 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 SRI LANKA Bay of Bengal SRI LANKA Colombo* Indian Ocean INDONESIA (See reference map VIII WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi. plus pearling in the Gulf of Mannar, and right to establish 100 n. mi. conservation zone) Coastline: 835 mi. PEOPLE Population: 13,895,000, average annual growth rate 1.9% (7/70-7/73) Nationality: noun?Ceylonese (sing. and pl.); adjective?Ceylonese Ethnic divisions: 71% Sinhalese, 21% Tamil, 6% Moor, 2% other Religion: 64% Buddhist, 20% Hindu, 9% Christian, 6% Muslim, 1% other Language: Sinhala official, spoken by about 70% of population; Tamil spoken by about 22%; English commonly used in government and spoken by about 10% of the population Literacy: 82% (1970 est.) Labor force: 4 million; 17% unemployed; employed persons ? 53.4% agriculture, 14.8% mining and manufacturing, 12.4% trade and transport, 19.4% services and other Organized labor: 43% of labor force, over 50% of which employed on tea, rubber, and coconut estates GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Sri Lanka Type: independent state since 1948 Capital: Colombo Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 22 administra- tive districts, and four categories of semiautonomous elected local governments Legal system: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim and customary law; new constitution 22 May 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Sri Lanka Law College and University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: unitary parliamentary form of govern- ment; unicameral legislature and independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike Suffrage: universal over age 18, but most Indian Tamils, who comprise 10.6% of population, are not enfranchised Elections: national elections, ordinarily held every 6 years; must be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; last election held May 1970, but new constitution postpones deadline for next election until May 1977 Political parties and leaders: Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, President; Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Trotskyite), N. M. Perera, President; Tamil United Front, S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, leader; United National Party, J. R. Jayewardene; Communist Party/ Moscow, Pieter Keuneman, General Secretary; Communist Party/ Peking, N. Shanmugathasan, General Secretary; Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front), M. B. Ratnayaka, President Voting strength (1970 election): 37% Sri Lanka Freedom Party, 38% United National Party, 9% Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 3.5% Communist Party/Moscow, 5% Federal Party, minor parties and independents accounted for remainder Communists: approximately 169,000 voted for the Communist Party in the May 1970 general election; Communist Party/Moscow approximately 5,000 members (1975), Communist Party/Peking 1,000 members (1970 est.) Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups; far-left violent revolutionary groups; labor unions Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.3 billion in 1974 (1973 prices), $170 per capita; real growth rate 3.4% (1974) Agriculture: agriculture accounts for about 35% of GNP; main crops ? rice, rubber, tea, coconuts; 60% self-sufficient in food; food shortages ? rice, wheat, sugar Fishing: catch 99,116 metric tons (1973) Major industries: processing of rubber, tea, and other agricultural commodities; consumer goods manufacture Electric power: 422,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 88 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $537 million (1974); tea, rubber, coconut products 193 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SRI LANKA/SUDAN Imports: $717 million (1974); food, petroleum, machinery and equipment Major trade partners: (1973) exports ? U.K. 11,5%, China 9.1%, Pakistan 8.2%, U.S. 6.9%, U.S.S.R. 2.4%; imports ? U.K. 6.8%, China 7.8%, India 3.0%, U.S. 9.0%, U.S.S.R. 1.7% Monetary conversion rate: 7.57 rupees= US$1 (October 1975), official rate Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December (starting 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 938 mi.; 851 mi. 5'6" gage, 87 mi. 2'6" gage; 63 mi. double track; no electrification; government owned Highways: 36,900 mi. (1974); 15,200 mi. paved (mostly bituminous treated), 15,260 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 9,140 mi. improved earth or unimproved earth; in addition several thousand mi. of tracks, mostly unmotorable Inland waterways: 270 mi.; navigable by shallow- draft craft Ports: 3 major, 9 minor Civil air: 5 major transport (including 1 leased) Airfields: 14 total, 10 usable; 10 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: an inadequate telephone and a less extensive but more efficient telegraph system serves most areas, with greatest concentration around Colombo and Kandy; all areas are served by radio and/or wire broadcast; excellent international service; 67,753 (est.) telephones; 525,000 radio sets, no TV sets; 8 AM stations, 2 FM, and no TV stations; submarine cables extend to India, Malaysia, Seychelle Islands, and Aden; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,233,000; 2,426,000 fit for military service; 153,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $39 million, 8.6% of total budget SUDAN LAND 967,000 sq. mi.; 37% arable (3% cultivated), 15% grazing, 33% desert, waste, or urban, 15% forest Land boundaries: 4,850 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n mi. (plus 6 n. mi. -necessary supervision zone-) Coastline: 530 mi. January 1976 (See reference map VI) PEOPLE Population: 17,980,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Sudanese (sing and pl.); adjective?Sudanese Ethnic divisions: 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 52% Negro, 2% foreigners, 1% other Religion: 73% Sunni Muslims in north, 23% pagan, 4% Christian (mostly in south) Language: Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in process Literacy: 5% to 10% Labor force: 5.8 million; 85% agriculture, 15% industry, commerce, services, etc.; labor shortages exist for almost all categories of employment GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of the Sudan Type: republic under military control since coup in May 1969 Capital: Khartoum Political subdivisions: 15 provinces, provincial and local administrations controlled by central govern- ment; limited regional autonomy in 3 southern provinces Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; some separate religious courts; permanent constitution promulgated April 1973; Revolutionary Command Council established in 1969 dissolved in October 1971 with the installation stallation of Ja'far al-Numayri as president and chief executive; Numayri has reorganized government through a series of Republican decrees; legal education at University of Khartoum and Khartoum extension of Cairo University at Khartoum; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Government leader: President and Prime Minister Ja'far al-Numayri Suffrage: universal adult 194 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005104,22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SUDAN/SURINAM Elections: most recent parliamentary elections held ? in April 1968; presidential plebiscite held in September 1971; elections to constituent assembly held in September-October 1972; elections for southern regional assembly held in November 1973; elections for People's Assembly held May 1974 Political parties and leaders: all parliamentary political parties outlawed since May 1969; the ban on the Sudan Communist Party was not enforced until after abortive coup in July 1971; the government's mass political organization, the Sudan Socialist Union, was formed in January 1972 Communists: party decimated following July 1971 coup and counter-coup, several top leaders including Secretary-General Mahjub executed; actual hard-core membership down to lowest point in years; party control over labor unions, professional groups and university student groups ended; Communists purged from government; party is being reorganized underground under leadership of Secretary-General Muhammad Nujud, 3,500 CP members Other political or pressure groups: Muslim Brotherhood; Ansar Muslim sect, at odds with the military regime since the May coup, defeated in fighting in spring 1970; Sudan Opposition Front, composed of former political party elements and other disgruntled conservative interests, operates in exile Member of: AFDB, Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.6 billion (1972), under $100 per capita; 8% growth at current prices 1968-69 Agriculture: main crops ? sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans, barley; not self-sufficient in food production; main cash crops ? cotton, gum arabic Major industries: cotton ginning, textiles, brewery, cement, edible oils, soap, distilling, shoes, phar- maceuticals Electric power: 553,000 kw. capacity (1974); 655 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 37 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $350 million (f.o.b., 1974); cotton (36%), gum arabic, peanuts, sesame; $102 million exports to Communist countries (FY71) Imports: $642 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, petroleum products, vehicles, tea, wheat; $75 million imports from Communist countries (FY71) Major trade partners: U.K., West Germany, Italy, India, U.S.S.R., China Monetary conversion rate: 1 Sudanese pound= US$2.87 (official); 0.348 Sudanese pound =US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,398 mi.; 2,953 mi. 3'6" gage, 445 mi. 2' gage plantation line Highways: 6,550 mi.; 190 mi. bituminous-treated, 680 mi. crushed stone or gravel, and 5,680 mi. improved and unimproved earth roads; in addition, there are an undetermined number of tracks Inland waterways: 3,300 mi. navigable Ports: 1 major (Port Sudan), 7 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 74 total, 66 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 28 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: large system by African standards, but still barely adequate for size of country; consists of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, multiconductor cables, radiocommunication stations and a tropospheric-scatter link; principal center Khartoum, secondary centers Al Fashir and Port Sudan; 50,950 telephones; 650,000 radio and 100,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and I TV stations; 5 submarine cables; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,982,000; 2,364,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 170,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1973, $113.5 million; 20.8% of total budget SURINAM (See reference map III) LAND 55,100 sq. mi.; negligible amount of arable land, meadows and pastures, 76% forest, 8% unused but potentially productive, 16% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 970 mi. Approved For Release 2005/04,22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 195 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SURINAM WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi, Coastline: 240 mi. PEOPLE Population: 421,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (1/64-1/72) Nationality: noun?Surinamer(s); adjective? Suri nam Ethnic divisions: 31% Creole (Negro and mixed), 37% Hindustani (East Indian), 15,3% Javanese, 10.3% Bush Negro, 2.6% Amerindian, 1.7% Chinese, 1.0% Europeans, 1.7% other and unknown Religion: Muslim, Hindu, Moravian, Roman Catholic, other ? in order of size (% figures unknown) Language: Dutch official; English widely spoken; Taki-Taki (Surinam Creole) is native language of Creoles and lingua franca; Hindi; Javanese Literacy: 70% to 75% Labor force: 130,000 (1973) Organized labor: approx. 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Surinam Type: Parliamentary Democracy Capital: Paramaribo Political subdivisions: 9 districts, each headed by district commissioner responsible to Minister of Internal Affairs Legal system: Dutch civil law system; Constitution adopted November 1975 Branches: Council of Ministers headed by a Prime Minister constitutes the Cabinet; 39-member legislative council (Staten) popularly elected for 4- year term; court system administered by Attorney- General under Minister of Justice and Police Government leader: Prime Minister, Hendrick A. E. Arron Suffrage: universal over age 23 Elections: every 4 years or earlier upon request of Prime Minister; latest held November 1973 won by National Party Combination (NPK), a creole-based election coalition in which the National Party of Surinam (NPS) is the largest party; new elections will probably be held in 1976 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Surinam (NPS), Hendrick A. E Arron; Nationalist Republic Party (PNR), Edward Bruma (principal leftist party); United Hindustani Party (VHP), J. Lachmon; Progressive National Party (PNP), Frank E. Essed; Surinam Democratic Party (SDP), B. F. J. Oostburg; United Indonesian People's Party (SRI), F. Karsowidijojo; Javanese Farmers' Party (KTPI), H. I. Soemita; United People's Party (VVP), led by apolitical or Chinese businessmen January 1976 Voting strength (1973): NPK 22 seats, VHP 17; the NPK had a one vote margin as of early November 1975 following defection from both coastlines Communists: no overt Communist Party; PNP has some Communist sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), UPU, WCL ECONOMY GNP: $395 million (1974); $850 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 5.7% Agriculture: main crops ? rice, sugarcane, bananas; self-sufficient in major staple (rice); caloric intake 2,350 calories per day per capita (1968) Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing Electric power: 300,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.7 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 3,800 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $252 million (f.o.b., 1974); bauxite, alumina, aluminum, wood and wood products, rice Imports: $228 million (c.i.f., 1974); capital equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, cotton, flour, meat, dairy products Major trade partners: exports ? U.S. 39%, Canada 2%, Netherlands 14%; imports ? U.S. 35%, Netherlands 22%, Europe 18% (1971) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY53-73), $5.0 million loans, $4.8 million grants; from international organizations (FY49-73), $47.1 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.79 Surinam guilders (S. fl.)=US$1 (27 December 1971) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 104 mi.; 54 mi. 3'33/8" gage (government owned) and 50 mi. narrow gage (industrial lines); all single track Highways: 1,550 mi.; 300 mi. paved, 130 mi. gravel, 370 mi. improved earth, 750 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 2,850 mi.; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging from 14 to 23 ft. can navigate many of the principal waterways while native canoes navigate upper reaches Ports: 1 major (Paramaribo), 6 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 30 total, 29 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 4 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international facilities good; domestic radio-relay system; 13,100 telephones; 110,000 radio and 35,000 TV receivers, 5 AM, 1 FM, and 3 TV stations 196 Approved For Release 2005104122: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SURINAM/SWAZILAND DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 98,000; 54,000 fit for military service SWAZILAND (See reference map VI) LAND 6,700 sq. mi.; most of area suitable for crops or pastureland Land boundaries: 270 mi. PEOPLE Population: 502,000, average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun?Swazi(s); adjective?Swazi Ethnic divisions: 96% African, 3% European, 1% mulatto Religion: 43% animist, 57% Christian Language: English and Swati are official languages; government business conducted in English Literacy: about 25% Labor force: 120,000; about 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture; 55-60,000 wage earners, many only intermittently, with 31% agriculture, 11% government, 11% manufacturing, 12% mining and forestry, 35% other (1968 est.); 7,900 employed in South African mines (1969) Organized labor: about 15% of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Swaziland Type: monarchy, under King Sobhuza II; independent member of Commonwealth since September 1968 Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative) Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on South African Roman- Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland (located in Lesotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: in April 1973 King abolished the constitution, dismissed parliament, and assumed personal rule; he intends ruling under a King-in- Council arrangement with the cabinet being retained as an advisory council; former members of parliament continue to receive their salaries and new constitution probably will be drawn up later Government leader: Head of State and govern- ment King Sobhuza II; Prime Minister Makhosini Dlamini Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: first elections for Legislative Council held in June 1964; latest for House of Assembly in May 1972 Political parties and leaders: Imbokodvo, the traditionalist party, controlled by King Sobhuza II; the opposition Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC), led by Dr. Ambrose Zwane, has been dissolved Voting strength: in 1972 elections, Imbokodvo won 21 seats, NNLC won 3 seats in the House of Assembly Communists: no Communist Party Member of: AFDB, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GDP: approx. $120 million (FY72), about $280 per capita; growth rate in current prices as much as 14.5% (FY68-72) Agriculture: main crops ? maize, cotton, rice, sugar, and citrus fruits Major industry: mining Electric power: 67,800 kw. capacity (1974); 220 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 500 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $93 million (f.o.b., 1972); iron ore, asbestos, sugar, wood and forest products, citrus, meat products, cotton Imports: $76 million (f.o.b., 1972); food products, manufactured goods, machinery, fertilizer, fuel Major trade partners: Japan, U.K., South Africa Aid: economic aid ? U.K. $14.7 million (budgeted, 1971-73), U.S. $6.6 million (FY61-73), others approximately $1.3 million; no military aid Budget: FY76 ? revenue $85 million, recurrent expenditure $50 million, development expenditure $37 million 197 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SWAZILAND/SWEDEN Monetary conversion rate: 1 Lilangeni= US$1.15 (as of November 1975) Fiscal year: I April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 139 mi., 3'6" gage, single track Highways: 2,100 mi.; 150 mi. paved; 850 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 1,100 mi. improved or unimproved earth Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 33 total, 28 usable; I with runway 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: the system consists of a few open-wire lines and low-powered radiocommunica- tion stations; Mbabane is the center; 5,900 telephones; 52,500 radio receivers; I AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 109,000; 64,000 fit for military service SWEDEN Norwegian Sea (See reference map /Vi LAND 173,000 sq. mi.; 8% arable, 1% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 36% other Land boundaries: 1,365 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 2,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 8,212,000, average annual growth rate 0.4% (current) Nationality: noun?Swede(s); adjective?Swedish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority 198 January 1976 Religion: 92% Evangelical Lutheran, 7% other Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 1% other Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish- speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 4.0 million; 6.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 29.2% mining and manufacturing; 7.2% construction; 13.6% commerce; 6.5% transportation and communications; 29.8% services including government; 5% banking, 2.7 unemployed Organized labor: 80% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Stockholm Political subdivisions: 24 provinces, 624 com- munes, 224 towns Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; Acts of 1809, 1810, 1866, and 1949 serve as constitution; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests with parlia- ment (Riksdag); executive power vested in cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts Government leaders: King Carl XVI Gustaf; Prime Minister Olof Palme Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: every 3 years (next in September 1976) Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (conservative), Costa Bohman; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; Liberal, Gunnar Helen; Social Democratic, Olof Palme; Communist, Carl-Henrik Hermansson; Communist League of Marxists-Leninists (KFML), Gunnar Bylin Voting strength (1973 election): 13.9% Moderate Coalition, 25,1% Center, 9.4% Liberal, 43.6% Social Democratic, 5.3% Communist, 2.7% other Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 274,929 Communist votes cast in 1973 elections; an additional 8,014 votes cast for Maoist KFML Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Nordic Council, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $56.0 billion, $6,850 per capita (1974); 53.2% consumption, 23.5% investment, 23.0% Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SWEDEN/SWITZERLAND government; 0.3% net exports of goods and services (1973); 1974 growth rate 4,5% in constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products accounting for 40% of farm income; main crops ? grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 80% self-sufficient; food shortages ? oils and fats, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,880 calories per day per capita (1967-68) Fishing: catch 212,000 metric tons (1973), exports $27 million, imports $136 million Major industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), shipbuilding, wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, textiles, chemicals Shortages: coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt Crude steel: 6.0 million metric tons produced (1974), 733 kilograms per capita Electric power: 19,426,000 kw. capacity (1974); 74.3 billion kw.-hr, produced (1974), 8,200 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $15,854 million (f.o.b., 1974); machinery, motor vehicles and ships, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals Imports: $15,764 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live animals Major trade partners: (1974) West Germany 14%, U.K. 12%, U.S. 5%, Norway 9%, Denmark 8%; EC-9 51%; U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe 5% Aid: economic ? U.S., $308.6 million authorized (FY46-73); $77.5 million in 1973; $24.7 million in 1972; net official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $662.4 million (1960-70), $159 million in 1971, $198 million in 1972, $275 million in 1973 Budget: 1974 ? revenues $16.2 billion, ex- penditures $18.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 kronor =US$0.225 average exchange rate 1974 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,451 mi.; Swedish State Railways (SJ) ? 6,946 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2"), 113 mi. nar- row gage (3'6" and 2'11"), 4,324 mi. electrified, 715 mi. double tracked; 294 mi. standard gage (48?"), 98 mi. narrow gage (2'l 1"), 284 mi. electrified are privately owned and operated Highways: 60,945 mi.; 44,550 mi. are crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 16,395 mi. are bitumen, concrete, stone block, or cobblestone Inland waterways: 1,275 mi. navigable for small steamers and barges Ports: 17 major, and 30 significant minor Civil air: 61 major transports Airfields: 250 total, 224 usable; 123 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 84 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international facilities; 5.21 million telephones; 9 AM, 91 FM, and 233 TV stations; 5 million radio and 2.88 million TV receivers; 10 submarine cables, including 4 coaxial; COMSAT ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,885,000; 1,679,000 fit for military service; 57,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $2,48 billion; about 11% of central government budget SWITZERLAND (See reference map IV) LAND 16,000 sq. mi.; 10% arable, 43% meadows and pastures, 20% waste or urban, 24% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 1,171 mi, PEOPLE Population: 6,500,000, average annual growth rate 0.4% (7/74-7/75) Nationality: noun?Swiss (sing. & pl.); adjective? Swiss Ethnic divisions: total population ? 69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; Swiss nationals ? 74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Religion: 53% Protestant, 46% Roman Catholic Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDF19-01051A000800010001-8 199 Approved For Release 2005/04122 CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 SWITZERLAND Language: Swiss nationals ? 74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; total population ? 69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, I% Romansch, 1% other Literacy: 98% Labor force: 3.0 million, about one-fifth foreign workers, mostly Italian; 16% agriculture and forestry, 47% industry and crafts, 20% trade and trans- portation, 5% professions. 2% in public service. 10% domestic and other; approximately 0.4% unemployed in August 1975 Organized labor: 20% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Swiss Confederation Type: federal republic Capital: Bern Political subdivisions: 22 cantons (3 divided into half cantons); a local referendum held in Bern Canton in 1975 indicated that three districts wished to form a separate canton for a portion of the French-speaking Jura region Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; constitution adopted 1874, amended since; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to Federal decrees of general obligatory character; legal education at Universities of Bern, Geneva and Lausanne, and four other university schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: bicameral parliament has legislative authority; federal council (Bundesrat) has executive authority; justice left chiefly to cantons Government leader: Pierre Graber (1-year term as President began on January 1975), President Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years; next elections 1979 Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (SPS), Arthur Schmid, president; Radical Democratic Party (FDP), Henri Schmitt, president; Christian Conservative People's Party (CVP), Franz Josef Kurmann, president; Farmer, Artisan, and Burghers Party (BGB), Hans Conzett, president; Communist Party (PdA), Jean Vincent, leading Secretariat member; National Action Party (N.A.), James Schwarzenbach Voting strength (1975 election): 22.2% FDP, CVP, 25.4% SPS, 10.2% BGB, 2.2% PdA, 2.5% N.A., 3.0% Rep, 6.2% LdU, 2.3% Lidus, 2.0% EvP, 1.3% POSH, 2.2% other Communists: less than two million votes in 1975 election Other parties: Landesring (LdU); Republican Movement (Rep); Liberal Democratic Union (Lidus); Evangelical Party (EvP); Maoist Party (POSH/PSA) January 1976 Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ELDO (observer), ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, IEA, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N. (permanent observer), UNESCO, CPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $46.3 billion (1974, in current prices), $7,120 per capita; 60% consumption, 26% investment, 12% government, net foreign balance 2% (1974); 1974 growth rate ?0.8%, constant prices Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient; food shortages ? fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat; caloric intake, 3,190 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments Shortages: practically all important raw materials except hydroelectric energy Electric power: 11,600,000 kw. capacity (1974); 35.8 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 5,300 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1974); principal items? machinery and equipment, precision instruments, textiles, foodstuffs Imports: $14.4 billion (c.i.f., 1974); principal items? machinery and transportation equipment, metals and metal products, foodstuffs, chemicals, textile fibers and yarns Major trade partners: West Germany 22%, France 12%, U.S. 7%, Austria 6%, Italy 9%, U.K. 6%; EC 56%; EFTA 11%; Communist countries 4% (1974) Aid: economic ? authorized, U.S. $63 million through FY73; net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies $194 million (FY62-72), $67 million in FY72 Budget: receipts, $4,030 million, expenditures $4,378 million, deficit $348 million (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 2.981 Swiss francs= US$1 (average 1974, floating); 2.506 Swiss francs=US$1 (average first-half 1975, floating) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,186 mi.; 1,809 government owned (SBB), 1,763 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, 46 mi. 3'3%" gage, 837 mi. double track, 972 mi. single track, 99% electrified; 1,377 mi. non-government owned, 444 mi. 48?" gage, 886 mi. 333/8" gage, 47 mi. 2'7?" gage, 100% electrified Highways: 37,158 mi., all paved Pipelines: crude oil, 195 mi.; natural gas, 650 mi. Inland waterways: 41 mi.; Rhine River-Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Constanz; in addition, 200 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 SWITZERLAND/SYRIA there are 12 navigable lakes ranging in size from Lake Geneva to Hallwilersee Ports: 1 major (Basel), 2 minor Civil air: 79 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased from a foreign country) Airfields: 91 total, 75 usable; 37 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 8 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent domestic, interna- tional, and broadcast services; 3.90 million telephones; communications satellite station; 2.06 million radio and 1.75 million TV receivers; 7 AM, 94 FM, and 311 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,539,000; 1,331,000 fit for military service; 47,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $1,148 million; 19% of central government budget SYRIA us IRAQ (See reference map V) LAND 72,000 sq. mi. including 500 sq. mi. of Israeli- occupied territory; 48% arable, 29% grazing, 2% forest, 21% desert Land boundaries: 1,365 (1967) (excluding occupied area 1,340 mi.) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (plus 6 n. mi. -necessary supervision zone-) Coastline: 120 mi. PEOPLE Population: 7,475,000, average annual growth rate 8.3% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Syrian(s); adjective?Syrian Ethnic divisions: 90.3% Arab; 9.7% Kurds, Armenians, and other Religion: 70.5% Sunni Muslim, 16.3% other Muslim sects, 13.2% Christians of various sects Language: Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian; French and English widely understood Literacy: about 40% Labor force: 2 million; 67% agriculture, 12% industry (including construction), 21% miscellaneous services; majority unskilled; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Syrian Arab Republic Type: republic; under left-wing military regime since March 1963 Capital: Damascus Political subdivisions: 13 provinces and city of Damascus administered as separate unit Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; constitution promulgated in 1973; legal education at Damascus University and University of Aleppo; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive powers vested in President and Council of Ministers; legislative power rests in the People's Assembly (election pending); seat of power is the Ba'th Party Regional (Syrian) Command Government leaders: President Hafiz Al-Asad Suffrage: universal at age 18 Elections: no electoral laws being drafted; last elections in December 1961; presidential referendum in 1971; local councils elected in March 1972, assembly elections pending Political parties and leaders: ruling party is the Arab Socialist Resurrectionist (Ba'th) party; a -national front- cabinet formed in March 1972, dominated by Ba'thists, includes independents and members of the Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), Arab Socialist Union (ASU), and Syrian Communist Party (SCP) Communists: mostly sympathizers, numbering 10,000 to 13,000 Other political or pressure groups: non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence; Communist Party ineffective; greatest threat to Ba'thist regime lies in factionalism in Ba'th Party itself; conservative religious leaders Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2.1 billion, est. (1974), $300 per capita; real GDP growth rate 12% 1973 est. 201 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 SYRIA/ TANZANIA Agriculture: main crops ? cotton, wheat, barley and tobacco; sheep and goat raising; self-sufficient in most foods in years of good weather Major industries: textiles, petroleum (est. 50,000 b/d production, refining capacity was 54,000 b/d per day, but reduced by war damage) food processing, beverages, tobacco Electric power: 447,500 kw. capacity (1974), 1.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 166 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $787 million (f.o.b., 1974); petroleum, cotton, fruits and vegetables, grain, wool, and livestock Imports: $1,235 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery and metal products, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports ? U.S.S.R., Italy, and Lebanon; imports ? Lebanon, West Germany, Italy, U.S.S.R., Japan, and France Budget: 1975 est.?revenues $1.6 billion, expendi- tures $1.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.70 Syrian pounds= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 959 mi.; 769 mi. standard gage, 190 mi. narrow gage (3'5%") Highways: 7,150 mi.; 4,300 mi. paved, 810 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 1,540 mi. improved earth, 500 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 420 mi.; of little importance Pipelines: crude oil, 810 mi.; refined products, 320 mi.; natural gas 140 mi. Ports: 3 major (Tartus, Latakia, Baniyas), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 37 total, 32 usable; 22 with permanent- surface runways; 21 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 143,300 telephones; 1 million radio and 137,000 TV receivers; 5 TV and 5 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,703,000; 953,000 fit for military service; about 89,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $394 million; 23% of total budget TANZANIA LAND 362,800 sq. mi. (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, 1,020 sq. mi.); 6% inland water, 15% KENYA (See reference map cultivated, 31% grassland, 48% bush forest, woodland, on mainland, 60% arable, of which 40% cultivated on islands of Zanzibar and Pemba Land boundaries: 2,413 mi. VI) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 n. mi. Coastline: 885 (this includes Mafia Island, 70; Pemba Island, 110; and Zanzibar, 132) PEOPLE Population: 15,363,000, average annual growth rate 2.7% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Tanzanian(s); adjective? Tanzanian Ethnic divisions: 99% native Africans consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1% Asian, European, and Arab Religion: Tanganyika ? 40% animist, 30% Christian, 30% Muslim; Zanzibar ? almost all Muslim Language: Swahili and English official, English primary language of commerce, administration and higher education; Swahili widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first language of most people is one of the local languages Literacy: 15%-20% Labor force: under 400,000 in paid employment, over 90% in agriculture Organized labor: 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Tanzania Type: republic; single parties dominate both on the mainland and on Zanzibar Capital: Dar es Salaam Political subdivisions: 25 regions-20 on main- land, 5 on Zanzibar islands Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, customary law, and German civil law 202 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TANZANIA system; interim constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Dar es Salaam; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President Julius Nyerere has full executive authority on the mainland; National Assembly dominated by Nyerere and the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU); newly restructured National Assembly consists of 218 members, including 57 appointed from Zanzibar, 65 appointed from the mainland, plus 96 directly elected from the mainland; First Vice President Aboud Jumbe and the Revolutionary Council still run Zanzibar despite the efforts of Nyerere to integrate the islands into the political system of the mainland Government leader: President Julius Nyerere Suffrage; universal adult Political party and leaders: Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), only mainland political party, dominated by Nyerere with Prime Minister and Second Vice President Rashidi Kawawa as his top lieutenant; Afro-Shirazi Party, the only party in Zanzibar Voting strength (October 1975 national elec- tions): over 5 million registered voters; Nyerere received 95% of about 4 million votes cast; general parliamentary elections scheduled for Fall of 1980 Communists: a few Communist sympathizers, especially on Zanzibar Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY Mainland: GDP: $1,919 million at current prices (1974 prov. ), about $130 per capita; growth rate in constant 1966 prices for 1973-74 2% Agriculture: main crops ? cotton, coffee, sisal on mainland; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 157,000 metric tons, $19.6 million (1972); exports $1.7 million, imports $724,000 (1971) Major industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products Electric power: 175,000 kw. capacity (1974); 513 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 34 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $428 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, diamonds, cloves, tobacco, tea Imports: $811 million (c.i.f., 1974); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs (mainly for Zanzibar) Major trade partners: exports ? China, U.K., Hong Kong, India, Kenya, U.S.; imports ? U.K., China, Kenya, West Germany, U.S., Japan Budget: (1972) receipts $306.3 million, expendi- tures $306.6 million Monetary conversion rate: 7.143 Tanzanian shillings = US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June Zanzibar: GNP: $35 million (1967) Agriculture: main crops ? cloves, coconuts Industries: agricultural processing Electric power: see Tanganyika (above) Exports: $12.6 million (1968); cloves and clove products, coconut products Imports: $5.6 million (1968); mainly foodstuffs and consumer goods Major trade partners: imports ? China, Japan, and mainland Tanzania; exports ? Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Pakistan Aid: U.K. principal source of aid until 1964; U.S. $86 million FY58-73; China is currently major source Exchange rate: 1 Tanzanian shilling =US$0.14; 7.143 Tanzanian shillings= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,222 mi.; 600 mi. 3'6" gage; 1,622 mi., meter gage, 4 mi. double track; Tanzania portion of Tan-Zam Railroad completed Highways: total 30,000 mi., including 390 mi. on Zanzibar Island and 277 mi. on Pemba and Mafia Islands; about 1,400 mi, bituminous treated, (370 mi. on Zanzibar and Pemba); 28,600 mi. gravel, crushed stone, or unimproved earth Pipelines: refined products 610 mi. Inland waterways: 730 mi. of navigable streams; several thousand mi. navigable on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Nyasa Ports: 3 major (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga) Civil air; 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 107 total, 100 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000 to 11,999 ft., 42 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph good in main centers, only fair outside main towns; 40,150 telephones; 231,000 radio receivers; 4 AM, no FM or TV stations; 4 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,459,000; 1,919,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $156 million; 17% of total budget Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 203 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 THAILAND THAILAND (See reference map VIII LAND 198,000 sq mi.; 24% in farms, 56% forested, 20% other Land boundaries: 3,025 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. Coastline: 2,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: 42,955,000, average annual growth rate 3.1% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Thai (sing. & pl.); adjective? Thai Ethnic divisions: 75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% minorities Religion: 95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% Christian Language: Thai; English secondary language of elite Literacy: 70% Labor force: 78% agriculture, 15% services, 7% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Thailand Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Bangkok Political subdivisions: 71 centrally controlled provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with influences of common law; new constitution promulgated 7 October 1974; legal education at Thammasat University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King is head of state with nominal powers; Prime Minister heads a 31-man cabinet; National Assembly bicameral, senate appointed, 204 January 1978 house elected; judiciary relatively independent except in important political subversive cases Government leaders: King Phumiphon Adundet; Khukrit Pramot, Prime Minister; Praman Adireksan, Deputy Prime Minister Suffrage: universal Elections: 26 January 1975 Political parties and leaders: 22 political parties won seats in 269-seat National Assembly; key parties include Social Action, Democrat, Thai Nation, Social Justice, Social Agrarian, Social Nationalist, Socialist Party of Thailand, and New Force Communists: strength of illegal Communist Party is about 1,000; Thai Communist insurgents throughout Thailand total about 8,000 Other political or pressure groups: National Student Center of Thailand (NSCT); labor associations, People for Democracy, Federation of Independent Students Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, SEAMES, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $12.2 billion (1974 in current prices), $280 per capita; estimated 4.5% real growth in 1974 (6.6% real growth, 1967-74) Agriculture: world's third largest rice exporter in 1974; main crops ? rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tapioca; almost 100% self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 1.7 million metric tons valued at $465 million (1974); exports, 53,000 metric tons, $36 million (1972) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, wood and wood products, cement, tin and tungsten ore mining; world's second largest tungsten producer and third largest tin producer Shortages: fuel sources, including coal, petroleum; scrap iron, and fertilizer Electric power: 2,211,000 kw. capacity (1974); 8.3 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 210 kw-hr. per capita Exports: $2,477 million (f.o.b., 1974); rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tin, tapioca, kenaf Imports: $3,168 million (c.i.f., 1974); excluding U.S. military imports; machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertilizer Major trade partners: exports ? Japan, U.S., Singapore, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Malaysia; imports ? Japan, U.S., West Germany, U.K.; about 1% or less trade with Communist countries Budget: (FY76) receipts $2,433 million, expendi- tures $3,134 million, deficit $701 million; 17% military, 83% civilian Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-R0P79-01051A000800010001-8 THAILAND/ TOGO Monetary conversion rate: 20.0 baht n= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,382 mi. meter gage; 60 mi, double track Highways: 17,900 mi. (1974); 9,180 mi. paved, 2,940 mi. crushed stone or gravel, 5,780 mi. earth and laterite Inland waterways: 2,485 mi. principal waterways; 2,300 mi. with navigable depths of 3 ft. or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft Ports: 2 major, 16 minor Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft Airfields: 164 total, 163 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 27 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 10,193,000; 6,205,000 fit for military service; about 435,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1975, $411 million; 17% of central government budget TOGO (See reference map VII LAND 22,000 sq. mi.; nearly one-half is arable, under 15% cultivated Land boundaries: 1,023 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 35 mi. PEOPLE Population: 2,255,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Togolese (sing. & pl.); adjective?Togolese Ethnic divisions: some 40 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe in south and Cabrais in north; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese Religion: about 20% Christian, 5% Muslim, 75% animist Language: French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in south and Dagoma, Tim, and Cabrais in north Literacy: 5% to 10% Labor force: over 90% of population engaged in subsistence agriculture; about 30,000 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors Organized labor: less than half of wage earners divided among 2 major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Togolese Republic Type: republic; under military rule since January 1967 Capital: Lome Political subdivisions: 21 circumscriptions Legal system: based on French civil law and customary practice; no constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: military government, with civilian- dominated cabinet, took over on 14 April 1967, replacing provisional government created after January coup; no legislature; separate judiciary including State Security Court established 1970 Government leader: Maj. General Gnassingbe Eyadema, President Suffrage: universal adult Elections: presidential referendum of January 1972 elected Gen. Eyadema for indefinite period Political parties: single party formed by President Eyadema in September 1969, Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais, structure and staffing of party closely controlled by government Communists: no Communist Party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO (observer), EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, ENTENTE, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $365 million (1973), about $170 per capita, estimated real growth 1966-70, 5.3% average annual rate Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-R0P79-01051A000800010001-8 205 Approved For Release 2005104122: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TOGO/TONGA Agriculture: main cash crops ? coffee, cocoa; major food crops ? yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, fish; must import some foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, handicrafts, textiles, beverages Electric power: 24,300 kw. capacity (1974); 74.4 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 37 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $88 million (f.o.b., 1974); phosphates, cocoa, coffee, palm kernels, and cassava Imports: $138 million (c.i.f., 1974); consumer goods, fuels, machinery, tobacco, foodstuffs Major trade partners: mostly with France and other EC countries Aid: 1970 disbursements ? France $2.3 million, West Germany $2.0 million, U.S. $1.0 million; FY59- 73 total commitments ? EC $59.0 million, U.S. $21 million, U.N. $16.0 million, others $1.1 million; China (1973) $45 million Budget: 1974 est. revenues and expenditures, $67.7 million Monetary conversion rate: Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine 216 francs =US$1 as of January 1975 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 275 mi. meter gage, single track Highways: approx. 4,475 mi.; 415 mi. paved, 120 mi. gravel, 730 mi, improved earth, 3,210 mi. unimproved Inland waterways: section of Mono River and about 30 mi. of coastal lagoons and tidal creeks Ports: 1 major (Lome), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 11 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: Togo has poor system based on skeletal network of open-wire lines supplemented by a few radiocommunication stations; only center is Lome; 6,100 telephones; 50,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 474,000; 244,000 fit for military service; no conscription Supply: most military materiel obtained from France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $9,693,453; 6.4% of total budget TONGA LAND 385 sq. mi. (150 islands); 77% arable, 3% pasture, 13% forest, 3% inland water, 4% other January 1976 P t1IN!A AU NEW' CALEDONIA FIJI , TONGA *Nuklialtda Pacific Ocean (See refereace mep V1(11 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 260 mi (est.) PEOPLE Population: 101,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (7/67-7/73) Nationality: noun?Tongan(s); adjective?Tongan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian, about 300 Europeans Religion: Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents Language: Tongan, English Literacy: 90%-95%; compulsory education for children between ages of 6-14 Labor force: agriculture 10,303; mining 599 Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Tonga Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Nukualofa Political subdivisions: 3 main island groups (Tongatapu, Haapi, Vavau) Legal system: based on English law Branches: Executive (King and Privy Council); Legislative (Legislative Assembly composed of 7 nobles elected by their peers, 7 elected representatives of the people, 7 Ministers of the Crown; the King appoints one of the 7 nobles to be the speaker); Judiciary (Supreme Court, magistrate courts, Land Court) Government leaders: King Taufdahau Tupou IV; Premier, Prince Tif ipelehake (younger brother of the King) Suffrage: granted to all literate adults over 21 years of age who pay taxes Elections: held perennially Communists: none known Member of: ADB, Commonwealth 206 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TONGA/TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ECONOMY GNP: $23 million (1973 est.), $160 per capita Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut and banana production with subsistence crops of taro, yams, sweet potatoes, and bread fruit Electric power: 2,000 kw. capacity (1974); 6 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 62 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $7 million (f.o.b., FY74); copra, coconut products 78%, bananas 9% Imports: $17 million (c.i.f., FY74); food, machinery, and petroleum Major trade partners: (FY74) exports ? 25% Netherlands, 22% Australia, 20% New Zealand, 11% Norway; imports ? 63% New Zealand and Australia Budget: (FY73 est.) revenues $6.1 million, expenditures $7.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Tonga dol- lar =US$1.31 (1975) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 155 mi. (1974); 110 mi. rolled stone; 45 mi. coral base Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total; 4 usable, with grass runways 7,000 ft.; 1 seaplane station; adequate overseas, but inadequate domestic service Telecommunications: 1,090 telephones; 10,000 radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Port of' Spain TRINIDAD Y3 AND TOBAGO (See reference 'nap /11 LAND 1,980 sq. mi.; 41.9% in farms (of which 25.7% cropped or fallow, 1.5% pasture, 10.6% forests, 4.1% unused or built-on), 58.1% outside of farms, including grassland, forest, built-up area, and wasteland WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 225 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,020,000, average annual growth rate 1.3% (4/60-4/70) Nationality: noun?Trinidadian(s), Tobagon- ian(s); adjective?Trinidadian Ethnic divisions: 43% Negro, 40% East Indian, 14% mixed, 1% white, 2% other Religion: 26.8% Protestant, 31.2% Roman Catholic, 23% Hindu, 6% Muslim, 13% unknown Language: English Literacy: 89% Labor force: about 376,000 (1973 est.), about 15.4% agriculture, 18.7% mining, quarrying, and manufacturing, 16.7% commerce; 16.2% construction and utilities; 7.4% transportation and com- munications; 21.8% services, 3.8% other Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Trinidad and Tobago Type: independent state since August 1962; recognizes Elizabeth II as chief of state Capital: Port-of-Spain Political subdivisions: 8 counties (29 wards, Tobago is 30th) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative branch consists of 36-member elected House of Representatives and 24-member Senate (13 nominated by .Prime Minister, 4 by opposition leader, 7 at discretion of Governor General); executive is cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice and includes a Court of Appeal, High Court, and lower courts; criminal cases may be appealed to the Queen's Privy Council in London as a court of last resort Government leader: Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: last election 24 May 1971, PNM won all seats Political parties and leaders: People's National Movement (PNM), Dr. Eric Williams; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Vernon Jamadar; United Democratic Labor Party (UDLP), Alloy Lequay; United National Independence Party, (UNIP) James Millette; Democratic Action Congress (DAC), Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson; West Indian National Party (WINP), Ashford Sinanani; Tapia House Group, Lloyd Best 207 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 TRINIDAD AND Voting strength (1971 election): 32.9% of registered voters cast ballots, 83.7% PNM, 16.3% other Communists: not significant Other political pressure groups: National Youth Congress (NYC); Oilfield Workers Trade Union (OWTU); National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), antigovernment, ex-tremist organization; United Revolutionary Organization (URO), Marxist-led amalgam; United Labour Front (ULF), loose coalition of oilfield and sugar workers Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, International Coffee Agreement, ITU, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,500 million (1974), $1,500 per capita real growth rate 1974, negl. Agriculture: main crops ? sugarcane, cocoa, coffee, rice, citrus, bananas; largely dependent upon imports of food Fishing: catch 3,977 metric tons (1972); exports $1.0 million (1971), imports $2.6 million (1971) Major industries: petroleum, tourism, food processing, cement Electric power: 334,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.2 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,240 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $2.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974); petroleum and petroleum products ($990 million), sugar, cocoa Imports: $1.9 billion (c.i.f., 1974); crude petroleum ($1.1 billion), machinery, fabricated metals, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food Major trade partners: (excludes trade under petroleum agreement) exports ? U.S. 37%, U.K. 11%, CARIFTA 21%; imports ? U.S. 34%, U.K. 23%, CARIFTA 10% (1972) Aid: economic ? from U.S. (FY56-73) $29 million loans, $40 million grants; from international organizations (FY53-73), $110 million Monetary conversion rate: floating with pound sterling; in September 1974, TT$2.25 =US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 4,200 mi.; 2,500 mi. paved, 1,700 mi. gravel or otherwise improved Pipelines: crude oil, 270 mi,; refined products, 12 mi.; natural gas, 130 mi. Ports: 3 major (Port of Spain, Chaguaramar Bay, Point Tembladora), 6 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft TOBAGO/ TUNISIA Airfields: 8 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 2 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent international service via tropospheric scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; good local service; satellite ground station; 68,000 telephones; 300,000 radio and 93,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 252,000; 178,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from U.K. TUNISIA (See reference map VI) LAND 63,400 sq. mi.; 28% arable land and tree crops, 23% range and esparto grass, 6% forest, 43% desert, waste or urban Land boundaries: 875 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi. exclusive fisheries zone follows the 50-meter isobath for part of the coast, maximum 65 n. mi.) Coastline: 710 mi. (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 5,847,000, average annual growth rate 2.4% (7/70-7/74) Nationality: noun?Tunisian(s); adjective? Tunisian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% European, less than 1% Jewish Religion: 95% Muslim, 4% Christian, 1% Jewish Language: Arabic (official), Arabic and French (commerce) 208 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TUNISIA/ TURKEY Literacy: about 32% Labor force: 1.4 million; 45% agriculture, 19% manufacturing and construction, 5% trade and finance, 3% transportation, communications, and utilities, 2% mining; 25% underemployed; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 10% of labor force; General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT), subordinate to Destourian Socialist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Tunisia Type: republic Capital: Tunis Political subdivisions: 17 governorates (provinces) Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution patterned on Turkish and U.S. constitutions adopted 1959; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session; legal education at Institute of Higher Studies and Ecole Superieure de Droit of the University of Tunis; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislative largely advisory; judicial, patterned on French system and Koranic law Government leader: President Habib Bourguiba; Prime Minister Hedi Nouira Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national elections held every 5 years; last elections 2 November 1974 Political party and leader: Destourian Socialist Party, Habib Bourguiba Voting strength (1974 election): 100% Destourian Socialist Party Communists: 100 est.; a few sympathizers; Tunisian Communist Party proscribed in 1962 Member of: AFDB, Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, 1MCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.0 billion (1974 est.), $530 per capita; 10.6% average annual growth rate 1970-72, and 12% in 1974 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock herding predominate; main crops ? wheat, barley, olives, fruits (especially citrus), viticulture, vegetables, dates Major sectors: tourism, mining, food processing, textiles and leather, light manufacturing, construction materials, chemical fertilizers, petroleum Electric power: 332,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.1 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 193 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $920 million (f.o.b., 1974); 34% petroleum, 20% phosphates, 18% olive oil Imports: $1,130 million (c.i.f., 1974); 36% raw materials, 23% machinery and equipment, 14% consumer goods, 19% food and beverages, 3% energy, 5% other Major trade partners: exports ? France 19%, Italy 19%, West Germany 13%, Libya 10%; imports ? France 36%, U.S. 15%, Italy 9%, West Germany 7% (1971) Monetary conversion rate: 0.436 dinar = US$1 (trade rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,273 mi.; 309 mi. standard gage (48?"), double 964 mi. meter gage (3'3%") Highways: 14,800 mi.; 4,770 mi. mostly bituminous treatment, 4,835 mi. gravel and crushed stone, 1,125 mi. improved earth, 4,070 mi. unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 495 mi.; refined products, 6 mi.; natural gas, 45 mi. Ports: 4 major, 8 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 35 total, 30 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 17 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: the system is above the African average in amount and capacity of facilities which consist of open-wire lines with multiconductor cable or radio relay on trunk routes; key centers arc Safaqis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 96,300 telephones; 401,000 radio and 92,500 TV receivers; 3 AM, 3 FM, and 7 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,478,000; 815,000 fit for military service; about 64,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $70,100,000; 5.2% of total budget TURKEY LAND 296,000 sq. mi.; 35% cropland, 25% meadows and pastures, 23% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 1,600 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 n. mi. except in Black Sea where it is 12 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 4,475 mi. PEOPLE Population: 40,574,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 209 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TURKEY Bleck See - ?-, *Ankara TURKEY (See reference map V Nationality: noun?Turk(s); adjective?Turkish Ethnic divisions: 90% Turkish, 7% Kurd, 3% other Religion: 99% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 1% other (mostly Christian and Jewish) Language: Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, English Literacy: 55% Labor force: 13.8 million; 68% agriculture, 16% industry, 16% service; substantial shortage of skilled labor; ample unskilled labor Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Turkey Type: republic Capital: Ankara Political subdivisions: 67 provinces Legal system: derived from various continental legal systems, with remnants of Islamic law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court; legal education at Universities of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President elected by parliament; Prime Minister appointed by President from members of parliament; Prime Minister is effective executive; cabinet, selected by Prime Minister and approved by President, must command majority support in lower house; parliament bicameral under constitution promulgated in 1961; National Assembly has 450 members serving 4 years; Senate has 150 elected members, one-third elected every 2 years, 15 appointed by the President to 6-year terms (one-third appointed every 2 years), and 18 life members; highest court for ordinary criminal and civil cases is Court of Cassation, which hears appeals directly from criminal, commercial, basic, and peace courts Government leaders: President Fahri Koruturk; Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel heads four-party coalition government Suffrage: universal over age 21 January 1976 Elections: National Assembly and Senate (1/3 of seats), Republican People's Party won a plurality October 1973; Presidential (1980) Political parties and leaders: Justice Party (JP), Suleyman Demirel; Republican People's Party (RPP), Bulent Ecevit; Democrat Party (DP), Ferruh Bozbeyli; Republican Reliance Party (RRP), Turban Feyzioglu; National Action Party (NAP), Alpaslan Turkes; Nation Party (NP); Unity Party (UP), Mustafa Timisi; Communist Party illegal; National Salvation Party (NSP), Necmettin Erbakan Communists: strength and support negligible Other political or pressure groups: military forced resignation of Demirel government in March 1971 and remains an influential force in government Member of: CENTO, Council of Europe, EC (associate member), ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IAEA. IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, Regional Coopera- tion for Development, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $30.8 billion (1974), $790 per capita; 6.0% average annual real growth 1974, 6.7% average annual real growth 1972 Agriculture: main products ? cotton, tobacco, cereals, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, and livestock products; self-sufficient in food in average years, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1972) Major industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum Crude steel: 1.6 million tons produced (1974), 40 kilograms per capita Electric power: 3,300,000 kw. capacity (1974); 12.3 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 242 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,532 million (f.o.b., 1974); cotton, tobacco, fruits, nuts, metals, livestock products, textiles and clothing Imports: $3,777 million (c.i.f., 1974); machinery, transport equipment, metals, mineral fuels, fertilizers, chemicals Major trade partners: exports ? West Germany 21%, U.S. 12%, Switzerland 9%, Italy 6%; imports ? West Germany 19%, U.S. 12%, U.K. 11%, Italy 11% Budget: (FY74) revenues $5,043 million, ex- penditures $5,422 million, deficit $379 million Monetary conversion rate: 14.75 Turkish liras= US$1 (current) Fiscal year: 1 March - 28 February COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,075 mi.; 5,055 mi. 4'8 1/2" gage, 89 mi. double track; 45 mi. electrified; 20 mi. 2'5?" gage 210 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 TURKEY/UGANDA Highways: 37,282 mi.; 13,049 mi. bituminous, 17,398 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 1,553 mi. improved earth, 5,282 mi, unimproved earth Inland waterways: approx. 1,050 mi. Pipelines: crude oil, 402 mi.; refined products, 1,277 mi. Ports: 10 major, 35 minor Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft Airfields: 119 total, 101 usable; 54 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 12,000 ft., 20 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 24 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: excellent international and fair domestic telecommunication services; 913,000 telephones; 4.5 million radio and 400,000 TV receivers; 42 AM, 4 FM, and 32 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 10,144,000; 5,978,000 fit for military service; about 420,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 28 February 1976, $1,637 million; about 21% of proposed central government budget UGANDA (See reference map VI) LAND 91,000 sq. mi.; 21% inland water and swamp, including territorial waters of Lake Victoria, about 21% cultivated, 13% national parks, forest, and game reserves, 45% forest, woodland, and grassland Land boundaries: 1,665 mi. PEOPLE Population: 11,746,000, average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun?Ugandan(s); adjective? Ugandan Ethnic divisions: 99% African, 1% European, Asian, Arab Religion: about 60% nominally Christian, 5%-10% Muslim, rest animist Language: English official; Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages Literacy: about 20%-40% Labor force: estimated 4.5 million, of which about 250,000 in paid labor, remaining in subsistence activities Organized labor: 125,000 union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Uganda Type: republic independent since October 1962 Capital: Kampala Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 34 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1967; present government rules despotically, has intimidated judicial officials and has made constitution of no consequence; legal education at Makerere University, Kampala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Field Marshall Amin rules by decree; assisted by Council of Ministers and Defense Council, a group of military officers Government leader: Field Marshall Idi Amin, President Suffrage: universal adult Elections: none scheduled by military government Political parties: none Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,053 million (1973) at 1966 prices, $100 per capita; 1% real growth between 1972 and 1973 Agriculture: main cash crops ? coffee, cotton; other cash crops ? sugar, tobacco, tea, fish, livestock; self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 170,000 metric tons (1972), $26.2 million (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing (textiles, sugar, coffee, plywood, beer), cement, copper smelter, corrugated iron sheet, shoes, fertilizer Electric power: 234,000 kw. capacity (1974); 780 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 69 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $315 million (f.o.b., 1974); coffee, cotton, copper, tea; $13.4 million to Communist countries (1971) 211 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 UGANDA/ U.S.S.R. Imports: $213 million (c.i.f , 1974); petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transport equipment; $8.3 million from Communist countries (1971) Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Kenya (Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania form East African Economic Community) Monetary conversion rate: 7.143 Uganda shil- lings =US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 760 mi.; all meter gage, single track Highways: 31,330 mi. total; 1,200 mi. bituminous surface treatment; 10,130 mi. crushed stone, gravel, laterite, and improved earth; 20,000 mi. unimproved earth roads and tracks Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, and Lake Edward (6,010 mi.); Kagera River and Victoria Nile (380 mi.) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 50 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 3 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 12 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph services fair, intercity connections based on 3 or 12 channel carrier systems; 34,200 telephones; 275,000 radio and 68,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 2,599,000; about 1,391,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $42.7 million; 16.6% of total budget U.S.S.R. IAND 8,600,000 sq. mi.; 9.3% cultivated, 37.1% forest and brush, 2.6% urban, industrial, and transportation, 16.8% pasture and natural hay land, 34.2% desert, swamp, or waste Land boundaries: 12,595 mi WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 29,000 mi. (incl. Sakhalin) PEOPLE Population: 255,675,000, average annual growth rate 1% (current) Nationality: noun?Soviet(s); adjective?Soviet January 1976 (See reference map VII) Ethnic divisions: 74% Slavic, 26% among some 170 ethnic groups Religion: 70% atheist, 18% Russian Orthodox, 9% Muslim, 3% other Language: more than 200 languages and dialects (at least 18 with more than 1 million speakers); 76% Slavic group, 8% other Indo-European, 11% Altaic, 3% Uralian, 2% Caucasian Literacy: 98.5% of population (ages 9-49) Labor force: civilian 133 million (1975), 26% agriculture, 74% industry and other non-agricultural fields, unemployed not reported, shortage of skilled labor reported GOVERNMENT Legal name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Type: Communist state Capital: Moscow Political subdivisions: 15 union republics, 20 autonomous republics, 6 krays, 120 oblasts, and 8 autonomous oblasts Legal system: civil law system as modified by Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1936; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 18 universities and 4 law institutes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers (executive), Supreme Soviet (legislative), Supreme Court of U. S. S. R. (judicial) Government leaders: Leonid I. Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party; Alcksey N. Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers; Nikolay V. Podgornyy, Chairman of the Presidium of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet Suffrage: universal over age 18; direct, equal Elections: to Supreme Soviet every 4 years; 1,517 deputies elected in 1974; 72.2% party members Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) only party permitted 212 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 U.S.S.R. / UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Voting strength (1970 election): 153,237,112 persons over 18; claimed 99.96% voted Communists: 15,000,000 party members Other political or pressure groups: Komsomol, trade unions, and other organizations which facilitate Communist control Member of: CEMA, Geneva Disarmament Conference, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO, Universal Copyright Convention ECONOMY Agriculture: principal food crops ? grain (especially wheat), potatoes; main industrial crops ? sugar cotton, sunflowers, and flax; degree of self- sufficiency depends on fluctuations in crop yields; given normal yields, U.S.S.R. is self-sufficient; caloric intake, 3,000-3,200 calories per day per capita in recent years Fishing: catch 9.5 million metric tons (1974); exports 260.4 thousand metric tons (1973), imports 15.0 thousand metric tons (1972) Major industries: diversified, highly developed capital goods industries; consumer goods industries comparatively less developed Shortages: natural rubber, bauxite and alumina, tantalum, tin, tungsten and fluorspar Crude steel: 148 million metric ton capacity as of 1 January 1975; 136 million metric tons produced in 1974, 540 kilograms per capita Exports: $27,374 million (f.o.b., 1974); fuels (particularly petroleum and derivatives), metals, agricultural products (timber, grain) and a wide variety of manufactured goods (primarily capital goods) Imports: $24,861 million (f.o.b., 1974); specialized and complex machinery and equipment, textile fibers, consumer manufactures, and any significant shortages in domestic production (for example, wheat imported following poor domestic harvests) Major trade partners: $52 billion (1974); trade 54% with Communist countries, 31% with industrial- ized West, and 15% with less developed countries Official monetary conversion rate: 0.7600 rubles = US$1; 1 ruble = US$1.3158 (October 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 91,263 mi.; 90,059 mi. broad gage, 1,204 mi, narrow gage; 68,064 mi. broad gage single track; 21,995 mi. electrified; does not include industrial lines (1974) Highways: 901,763 mi.; 182,129 mi. paved, 213,940 mi. gravel, crushed stone, 505,667 mi. improved or unimproved earth (1974) Inland waterways: 90,000 mi. navigable, exclusive of Caspian Sea (1975) Pipelines: crude oil, 30,000 mi.; refined products, 6,400 mi.; natural gas, 56,000 mi. Ports: 63 major (most important: Leningrad, Murmansk, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Ilichevsk, Vladivo- stok, Nakhodka, Arkhangersk, Riga, Tallinn, Kaliningrad, Liepaja, Ventspils, Nikolayev, Sevas- topol); 116 selected minor (1975) Freight carried: rail ? 3,834.9 million short tons, 2,121.1 billion short ton/mi. (1973); highways ? 21.1 billion short tons, 213.6 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway ? 497.2 million short tons, 144.2 billion short ton/mi. (1974) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (See reference map VIII) LAND 32,000 sq. mi.; almost all desert, waste or urban Land boundaries: 680 mi. (does not include boundaries between adjacent U.A.E. states) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. for all states except Sharjah (12 n. mi.) Coastline: 900 mi. PEOPLE Population: 179,000 (census of 15 March - 16 April 1968) Ethnic divisions: Arabs 72%; others include Iranians, Pakistanis, and Indians Religion: Muslim 96%, Christian, Hindu and other 4% Language: Arabic Literacy: 25% est. (1975) Labor force: 135,000 (1973) GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Arab Emirates (composed of former Trucial States) Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 213 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES/UNITED KINGDOM Member states: Abu Dhabi; Ajman; Dubai; Fujairah; Ras al Khaimah; Sharjah; Umm al Qaiwain Type: federation; constitution signed December 1971, which delegated specified powers to the United Arab Emirates central government and reserved other powers to member sheikhdoms Capital: Abu Dhabi Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the U.A.E. government and in several member sheikhdoms; Islamic law remains very influential Branches: Supreme Council of Rulers (7 members), from which a President and Vice President are elected; Prime Minister and Council of Ministers; National Consultative Council; federal Supreme Court Government leaders: Sheikh Zayid of Abu Dhabi, President; Sheikh Rashid of Dubai, Vice President; Sheikh Maktum of Dubai, Prime Minister Suffrage: none Elections: none Political or pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine groups are active Member of: Arab League, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, OAPEC, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY Agriculture: food imported, but some dates, alfalfa, vegetables, fruit, tobacco raised Electric power: 102,120 kw. capacity (1974); 273.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,000 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: crude petroleum, pearls, fish Imports: $1.4 billion (c.i.f , 1974 est.); food, consumer and capital goods Major trade partners: Japan, U.K., India, U.S. Aid: donor, led by Abu Dhabi; 1974 commitment $1.8 billion Budget: (1974) $215 million; Abu Dhabi (1974) $1.5 billion; Dubai (1973) $151 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Qatar-Dubai riyal = US$0.25; Abu Dhabi, 1 Bahrain dinar = US$2.52 (as of October 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 175 mi. bituminous, undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: crude oil, 175 mi. Ports: 5 major, 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 41 usable; 10 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 12,000 ft., 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 11 with runways 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: telephone system in Dubayy and Ash Shariqah also links these towns; Abu Dhabi January 1976 Petroleum operates a telecom system throughout the sheikhdom; key centers are at At Tarif, Habshan, and Az Zannah; 26,100 telephones; 51,000 radio and 17,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 1,550,000; about 857,000 fit for military service UNITED KINGDOM Atlantic Ocean (See reference map ILO LAND 94,200 sq. mi.; 30% arable, 30% meadow and pasture, 12% waste or urban, 7% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 224 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 7,725 mi. PEOPLE Population: 56,076,000, average annual growth rate 0.0% (current) Nationality: noun?Briton(s), British (collective Pl.); adjective?British Ethnic divisions: 83% English, 994 Scottish, 5% Welsh, 3% Irish Religion: 27.0 million Church of England, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterians, 760,000 Methodist, 450,000 Jews (registered) Language: English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 100,000 in Scotland) Literacy: 98% to 99% Labor force: 25 million; 3% agriculture, 2% mining, 35% manufacturing, 6% government, 8% transportation and utilities, 6% construction, 11% 214 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 UNITED KINGDOM distributive trades, 23% services, 3% other; 3% unemployed Organized labor: 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: London Political subdivisions: 635 parliamentary constitu- encies Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority resides in Parlia- ment; executive authority lies with collectively responsible cabinet led by Prime Minister; House of Lords is supreme judicial authority and highest court of appeal Government leader: Prime Minister Harold Wilson Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: at discretion of Prime Minister, but must be held before expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election 10 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Margaret Thatcher; Labor, Harold Wilson; Liberal, Jeremy Thorpe; Communist, Gordan McLennan Voting strength (1974 election): Conservative 277 seats (85.7%); Labor 319 seats (39.3%), Liberal 13 seats (18.3%), 26 seats (6.7%) other Communists: 29,000; sympathizers 175,000 Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress, Confederation of British Industry, National Farmers' Union Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $183 billion (1974), $3,260 per capita; 63.4% consumption, 20.8% investment, 20.1% government, ?4.3% net foreign balance; 1972 GDP growth rate 5,9% Agriculture: mixed farming predominates; main products ? wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, livestock, dairy products; 50% self-sufficient; food shortages ? meat, fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products; caloric intake, 3,170 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Fishing: catch 1.0 million metric tons (1973), $368 million (1973); exports $106 million, imports $324 million (1973) Major industries: machinery and transport equipment, metals, food processing, paper and paper products, textiles, chemicals, clothing Shortages: rubber, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, textile fibers, nonferrous metals, foodstuffs Crude steel: 29.5 million metric tons capacity (1974); 22.4 million metric tons produced (1974), 400 kg. per capita Electric power: 76,000,000 kw. capacity (1974); 273.6 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 4,000 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $38.6 billion (f.o.b., 1974); machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, metals, nonmetallic mineral manufactures, textiles, beverages Imports: $54.1 billion (c.i.f., 1974); foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery, crude materials, chemicals, nonferrous metals Major trade partners: (1973) exports ? 11%, Australia 3%, Canada 4%, Ireland 4%, South Africa 3%; Sterling area 24%; EC-nine 33%; U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe 3% Aid: economic ? (authorized) U.S., $8.7 billion (FY46-73), $26 million in FY73; 51.4 million in FY72; net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $5,073 million (1960-69), $562 million in 1971; $609 million in 1972; military ? U.S., $1.1 billion (FY46-73) Budget (public sector): (1973/74) expenditures $81.8 billion, revenues $71.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: pound sterling floating, average daily exchange rate 1974, US$0.4275=1 pound Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Great Britain-11,400 mi.; 11,325 mi. standard gage (4'8 1/2 "); 115 mi. narrow gage (various widths); 2,365 mi. electrified; 7,090 mi. double track, 1,470 mi. multiple track; Northern Ireland ?203 mi. 5'3" gage; 118 mi. double track Highways: approx. 210,000 mi. and 14,000 route mi. in Northern Ireland Inland waterways: 1,100 mi. of commercial routes Pipelines: crude oil, 580 mi., almost all insignificant; refined products, 1,807 mi., natural gas 1,100 mi. Ports: 23 major, 350 minor Civil air: 520 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: modern, efficient domestic and international system; 21.3 million telephones; 41.7 million radio and 18.5 million TV receivers; excellent countrywide AM, FM, and TV service; 88 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 215 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 UNITED KINGDOM! UPPER VOLTA AM, 114 FM and 365 TV stations; 44 submarine cables, 41 coaxial; 3 earth satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,649,000; 10,720,000 fit for military service; no conscription; 432,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $10.7 billion; about 16.5% of central government budget UPPER VOLTA Atlantic Ocean (See reference map VII LAND 106,000 sq. mi.; 50% pastureland, 21% fallow, 10% cultivated, 92 forest and scrub, 10% waste and other uses Land boundaries: 2,055 mi. PEOPLE Population: 6,051,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (7/71-7/72) Nationality: noun?Upper Voltan(s); adjective? Upper Voltan Ethnic divisions: more than 50 tribes; principal tribe is Mossi (about 2.5 million); other important groups are Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani Religion: majority of population animist, about 20% Muslim, 5% Christian (mainly Catholic) Language: French official; tribal languages belong to Sudanic family, spoken by 50% of the population Literacy: 5%-10% Labor force: about 95% of the economically active population engaged in animal husbandry, subsistence farming, and related agricultural pursuits; about 30,000 are wage earners; about 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment January 1976 Organized labor: 3 primary and several small specialized unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Upper Volta Type: republic; military regime in power since January 1966 Capital: Ouagadougou Political subdivisions: 10 departments, composed of 44 cercles, headed by military prefects Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1970, suspended February 1974; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President is an army officer; 57-man National Assembly was elected in December 1970, suspended February 1974 Government leader: Gen. Sangoule Lamizana, president and Prime Minister Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: all political activity has been banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned February 1974 Communists: no Communist party; some sympa- thizers Other political or pressure groups: labor organizations are badly splintered, students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $366 million (1973 est., in constant prices), $65 per capita Agriculture: cash crops ? peanuts, shea nuts. sesame, cotton; food crops ? sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; largely self-sufficient Fishing: catch 5,000 metric tons (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing plants, brewery, bottling, and brick plants; a few other light industries Electric power: 16,700 kw. capacity (1974); 49 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 8 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $19 million (f.o.b., 1973); livestock (on the hoof), peanuts, shea nut products, cotton, sesame Imports: $73 million (c.i.f., 1973); textiles, food, and other consumer goods, transport equipment, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: volume understated because much regional trade is unrecorded; Ivory Coast and Ghana; overseas trade mainly with France and other 216 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 UPPER VOLTA/URUGUAY EC countries; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic ? France (1964-September 1970) $46 million; EC (FY1960-72) $87 million; U.S.S.R., China, Ghana, West Germany, and Israel have also extended aid; U.S. (FY61-73) $25 million; inter- national organizations (FY1960-73) $28 million; China $43 million (1973-74); military ? France, $3.7 million (1964-70); U.S., $0.1 million (FY1962-73) Budget: (1974) balanced at $56 million Monetary conversion rate: about 219.98 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs =US$1 as of August 1975, floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 728 mL, 320 mi. meter gage, single track; Ouagadougou to Abidjan, Ivory Coast line Highways: 10,380 mi.; 325 mi. paved, 3,425 mi. improved, 6,630 mi. unimproved Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 53 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 3 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: all services generally poor; 1,800 telephones; 100,000 radio and 6,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,381,000; 692,000 fit for military service; no conscription Supply: dependent on France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $8,383,594; 11.3% of total budget URUGUAY LAND 72,200 sq. mi.; 84% agricultural land (73% pasture, 11% cropland) 16% forest, urban, waste and other Land boundaries: 840 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 n. mi. (fishing 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 410 mi. PEOPLE Population: 3,083,000, average annual growth rate 1.2% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Uruguayan(s); adjective? Uruguayan Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% white, 5% Negro, 5%- 10% mestizo Religion: 66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly) Language: Spanish Literacy: 90.5% for those 15 years of age or older Labor force: 1,015,500 (1963 census); of those employed in important sectors ? 25% government; 34% industry; 10% service; 23% other; 8% agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining; no shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: about 25% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay Type: republic, government under strong military influence Capital: Montevideo Political subdivisions: 19 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; new constitution implemented 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court, legal education at University of the Republic at Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, headed by President; since 1973 the military has had considerable influence in policymaking; bicameral legislature (closed indefinitely by presidential decree in June 1973), Council of State set up to act as legislature; national judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: President Juan Maria Bordaberry Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: every 5 years Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed Voting strength (1971 elections): 40.8% Colorado, 40.1% Blanco, 18.6% Frente Amplio, 0.5% Radical Christian Union Communists: 35,000-40,000 including Communist youth group and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCU), Rodney Arismendi (in exile in the U.S.S.R.); Christian Democratic Party (PDC); 217 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 URUGUAY/VATICAN CITY Socialist Party of Uruguay (PSU); Revolutionary Movement of Uruguay (MRO) pro-Cuban Commun- ist Party; National Liberation Movement (MLN- Tupamaros) Marxist revolutionary terrorist group Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.55 billion (at 1974 prices); $840 per capita; 74% private consumption, 12% public consumption, 14% gross investment (1969); real growth rate 1974, 2% Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing (17 million sheep, 9 million cattle); main crops ? wheat, rice, corn; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita, with high protein content Major industries: meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, cement, petroleum refining Crude steel: 13,000 metric tons produced (1972), 5 kilograms per capita Electric power: 546,000 kw. capacity (1974); 2.4 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 860 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $382 million (f.o.b., 1974); beef, wool, hides Imports: $481 million (c.i.f., 1974); fuels, metals, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: exports ? EC 34%, U.K. 14%, U.S. 7%, LAFTA 15%; imports ? LAFTA 30%, U.S. 14%, U.K. 6%, EC 19% (1969) Aid: economic ? extensions from U.S. (FY46- 73), loans $129 million, grants $28 million; from international organizations (FY46-73), $258 million; from other western countries (1960-71), $14.2 million; from Communist countries (1966-74) $45.5 million; military ? U.S. (FY46-73), $59.8 million Monetary conversion rate: commercial rate new pesos 2.33 =US$1, financial rate new pesos 2.80= US$1 (August 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,870 mi., all standard gage and government owned Highways: 32,200 mi.; 3,700 mi. paved, 4,600 mi. otherwise surfaced, 9,600 mi. improved earth, 14,300 mi. earth tracks Inland waterways: 1,070 mi.; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft Freight carried: highways 80% of total cargo traffic, rail 15%, waterways 5% Ports: 4 major (Montevideo, Colonia, Fray Bentos, Paysandu), 6 minor January 19713 Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 94 total, 79 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; I with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 9 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; 257,500 telephones; 1.5 million radio and 350,000 TV receivers; 75 AM, 3 FM, and 17 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; COMSAT station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 738,000; 594,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $82.2 million; 15.6% of central government budget VATICAN CITY HUNGARY Mediterranean Sea (Sae reference map IV) LAND 0.169 sq. mi. Land boundaries: 2 mi. PEOPLE Population: 1,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Ethnic divisions: primarily Italians but also many other nationalities Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian, Latin, and various modern languages Literacy: virtually complete Labor force: approx. 700; Vatican City employees divided into 3 categories ? executives, officevvorkers, and salaried employees Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of the Vatican City Type: monarchical-sacerdotal state 218 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1978 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 VATICAN CITY/VENEZUELA Capital: Vatican City Political subdivisions: Vatican City includes St. Peter's, the Vatican Palace and Museum and neighboring buildings covering more than 13 acres; 13 buildings in Rome, although outside the boundaries, enjoy extraterritorial rights Legal system: Canon law; constitutional laws of 1929 serve some of the functions of a constitution Branches: the Pope possesses full executive, legislative, and judicial powers; he delegates these powers to the governor of Vatican City, who is subject to pontifical appointment and recall; high Vatican offices include the Secretariat of State, the College of Cardinals (chief papal advisers), the Roman Curia (which carries on the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church) the Presidence of the Prefecture for the Economy, and the synod of bishops (created in 1965) Government leader: Supreme Pontiff, Paul VI, (Giovanni Battista Montini, born 26 September 1897, elected Pope 21 June 1963) Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 in age Elections: Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals Communists: none known Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church) Member: IAEA, Seabeds Committee ECONOMY The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial activity consists solely of printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms The banking and financial activities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Agencies carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communities throughout the world; the Cardinal's Commission controls the administration of ordinary assets of the Holy See and a Special Administration manages the Holy See's capital assets Electric power: obtained from Rome city grid; standby diesel powerplant with 2,100 kw. capacity COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none (city streets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: 1 AM and 1 FM radio- broadcasting station; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Italy VENEZUELA LAND 352,000 sq. mi.; 4% cropland, 18% pasture, 21% forest, 57% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 2,598 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 1,740 mi PEOPLE Population: 12,182,000 (excluding Indian jungle population estimated at 32,000 in 1961), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Venezuelan(s); adjective? Venezuelan Ethnic divisions: 67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% Negro, 2% Indian Religion: 94% nominally Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 74% (claimed, 1970 est.) Labor force: 3 million (1974); 24% agriculture, 6% construction, 17% manufacturing, 6% transportation, 18% commerce, 25% services, 4% petroleum, utilities, and other Organized labor: 45% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Venezuela Type: republic Capital: Caracas Approved For Release 2005104/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 219 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 VENEZUELA/VIETNAM, NORTH Political subdivisions: 20 states, 1 federal district, 2 federal territories Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system with influence of U.S. law; constitution promulgated 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; dual court system, state and federal; legal education at Central University of Venezuela; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive (President), bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Carlos Andres Perez Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; last held 9 December 1973 Political parties and leaders: Accion Democratica (AD), Carlos Andres Perez, and Gonzalo Barrios; Social Christian Party (COPEI), Rafael Caldera; People's Electoral Movement (MEP), Jesus Angel Paz Galarraga; Union Republicana Democratica (URD), Jovito Villalba; Partido Comunista de Venezuela (PCV), Secretary-General Jesus Faria; Movement to Socialism (MAS), Teodoro Petkoff, and Pompey Marquez Voting strength (1973 election): 49% AD, 37% COPEI, 5% New Force (MEP & PCV), 4% MAS, 3% URD, 2% others Communists: 6,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: APEL (a conservative business group); PRO VENEZUELA (leftist, nationalist economic group); DESARROL- LISTAS (group of wealthy, independent businessmen led by former finance minister Pedro Tinoco and historian Guillermo Moron) Member of: Andean Pact, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, UV, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, OPEC, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $22.5 billion (1974, in 1973 dollars), $1,930 per capita; 47% private consumption, 13% public consumption, 28% gross investment, 12% foreign sector (1973), real growth rate 1974 est. 5% Agriculture: main crops ? cotton, sugarcane, corn, coffee, rice; self-sufficient in rice and chicken, imports wheat (U.S.) and meat (Colombia); caloric intake 2,600 calories per day per capita (1972) Fishing: catch 152,000 metric tons, $34.1 million (1972); exports $10.1 million (1970), imports $5.6 million (1970) Major industries: petroleum, iron-ore mining, construction, food processing, textiles Crude steel: 1.1 million metric tons produced (1973), 100 kilograms per capita Electric power: 3,400,000 kw. capacity (1974) 16 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,390 kw.-hr. per capita January 1978 Exports: $11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1974); petroleum $10.4 billion (1974), iron ore, coffee Imports: $4.2 billion (c.i.f., 1974); industrial machinery and equipment, chemicals, manufactures, wheat Major trade partners: imports ? U.S. 42%, West Germany 13%, Japan 8%; exports ? U.S. 41%, Canada 13%, Aruba 12%, Argentina 9% Aid: economic assistance?extensions from U.S. (FY46-74), $127.9 million loans; $71.1 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $665 million; from Communist countries (1954-74), $10 million; military ? assistance from U.S. (FY46-74), $141.3 million Budget: 1975?revenues $9.5 billion; expenditures, $9.4 billion, capital $1.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.285 bolivares= US$1 (selling rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 233 mi. 4'8?" gage; all single track; 107 mi. government owned, 126 mi. privately owned Highways: 40,000 mi.; 12,000 mi. paved, 11,000 mi. gravel, 6,000 mi. improved earth, 11,000 mi. unimproved (including trails) Inland waterways: 4,450 mi.; Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels Pipelines: crude oil, 3,800 mi.; refined products, 250 mi.; natural gas, 1,550 mi. Ports: 6 major, 17 minor Civil air: 63 major transport aircraft Airfields: 291 total, 260 usable; 98 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 75 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern expanding telecom system; satellite ground station; 549,000 telephones; 3.2 million radio and 1.3 million TV receivers; 157 AM, 50 FM, and 43 TV stations; 3 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,568,000; 1,810,000 fit for military service; 126,000 reach military age (18) annually VIETNAM, NORTH LAND 61,300 sq. mi.; 14% cultivated, 50% forested, 36% urban inland water, and other Land boundaries: 1,850 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n mi 220 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 VIETNAM, NORTH/VIETNAM, SOUTH (Sea reference map VII) Coastline: 490 mi. (excluding islands) PEOPLE Population: 24,533,000, average annual growth rate 2,2% (current) Nationality: noun?North Vietnamese (sing. pl.); adjective?North Vietnamese Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% predominantly Vietnamese; ethnic minorities include ivluong, Thai, Meo, and Man Religion: Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism Language: closely corresponds to the breakdown of ethnic groups Literacy: claimed to be 95% (1964) Labor force: (1 January 1970) 9.6 million, not including military; about 70% agriculture and 10% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam Type: Communist state Capital: Hanoi Political subdivisions: 2 autonomous regions (of 3 and 5 provinces, respectively), 17 other provinces, 2 centrally governed municipalities, 1 special zone Legal system: based on Communist legal theory and French civil law system; constitution enacted 1960 Branches: constitution provides for a National Assembly and highly centralized executive nominally subordinate to it Party and government leaders: Ton Due Thang, President of DRV; Le Duan, First Secretary; Truong Chinh, Chairman, Standing Committee of National Assembly; Pham Van Dong, Premier; Vo Nguyen Chip, Minister of National Defense Suffrage: over age 18 Elections: pro forma elections held for national and local assemblies Political parties: ruled by Lao Dong Party (Communist) with membership of approximately 900,000; minor subordinate parties Member of: no international bodies ECONOMY Agriculture: mainly subsistence; main crops ? rice, corn, sweet potatoes, manioc, sugarcane; food shortages ? rice, meat, sugar; caloric intake, 1,700- 2,200 calories per day per capita Major industries: food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer Shortages: petroleum, complex machinery and equipment, fertilizer, foodstuffs Electric power: 252,000 kw. capacity (1974); 750,000 kw.-hr. produced (1974), 32 kw.-hr. per capita Monetary conversion rate (nominal): 3.0 dong =US$1 (1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 13,500 mi., including 900 mi. bituminous surface-treated, 2,100 mi. gravel, 10,000 mi. improved earth, 500 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: 4,200 mi.; 1,800 mi. navigable perennially by craft drawing 6 ft. Ports: 3 major, 3 minor Airfields: 16 total; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 12 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. DEFENSE FORCES Supply: dependent chiefly on U.S.S.R. and China for virtually all equipment; smaller amounts from other Communist countries; produces negligible quantities of infantry weapons, ammunition, and explosive devices Military budget: no recent data available; for fiscal year ending 31 December 1962, estimated defense expenditures 382 million dongs; about one-fifth of total budget (estimated value $103 million); military aid from U.S.S.R. and China now so extensive that actual allocation of North Vietnam's domestic resources to defense would not be indicative of total military effort NOTE: VN figures preliminary VIETNAM, SOUTH LAND 66,000 sq. mi.; 25% arable (15% cultivated), 33% forested, 42% other Land boundaries: 1,025 mi. Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 221 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 NORTH CHINA VIETNAr - VIETNAM, SOUTH SOUTH VIETNAM WATER Limits of territorial (fishing, 50 n. mi.) Coastline: 1,650 mi. waters (See reference map VIII (claimed): 3 n. mi. PEOPLE Population: 21,114,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/65-7/71) Nationality: noun?South Vietnamese (sing. & pl.); adjective?South Vietnamese Ethnic divisions: 87.7% Vietnamese, 6% Chinese, 3.2% mountain tribesmen, 2.9% Khmer, 0.2% Cham Religion: 70% Buddhist (at least 5% Hoa Hao), 5% Cao Dai, and 10% Catholic; others include animist, and small numbers of Protestant, Muslim and Hindu; most Buddhists are of Mahayana school or practice combination of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucian- ism Language: Vietnamese, French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo- Polynesian), Cham (Malayo-Polynesian dialect) Labor force: civilian work force 5.8 million (not including armed forces); 67% agriculture, fishing, and forestry; 5% industry and commerce; 1% domestic and personal services; 5% government; 22% unemployed Organized labor: 500,000 GOVERNMENT With the end of the war, South Vietnam in effect has become reunified with the North. For the foreseeable future, however, a separate, ostensibly independent administration will be maintained in the South. Policy decisions however are made in Hanoi by the Vietnam Workers Party?the Communist Party?and transmitted to its southern branch?the People's Revolutionary Party. Quasi- military/political people's revolutionary commit- tees are overseeing basic administrative tasks in the countryside while the Provisional Revolutionary 22 January 1976 Government represents southern interests abroad and apparently will be the entity to which foreign governments are accredited. When Hanoi becomes satisfied that the southern administration has satisfactorily adjusted economically and politically to a more rigid socialist society, formal reunifica- tion probably will occur. Currently, there is no way to estimate the duration of this periods. ECONOMY GNP: $3.0 billion (1974 est.), $150 per capita; no real growth estimated for 1974; large decline anticipated for 1975 Agriculture: main crops ? rice, rubber, fruits and vegetables; major food imports ? rice, wheat, dairy products Fishing: catch 728,000 metric tons (1974); growing trade in fish and fish products Major industries: manufacturing on small scale, mainly light manufacturing and processing of local agricultural and forest products; factories produce textiles, beer, cigarettes, glass, tires, sugar, paper, cement, soft drinks Shortages: capital goods Electric power: 883,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1.9 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 95 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $70 million (f.o.b., 1974); major commodities?fish and fish products, rubber, forestry products, scrap metal Imports: $879 million (c.i.f., 1974); major commodities?food, petroleum products, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals, iron and steel products, machinery, textiles Major trade partners: (1974) exports?Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, France; imports?U.S., Japan, France; no trade with Communist countries up to 1975 Aid: (prior to 30 April 1975) economic?U.S. (including P.L. 480), $477 million (FY70), $576 million (FY71), $455 million (FY72), $502 million (FY73); approx. $654 million (FY74); approx. $500 million (FY75); numerous other non-Communist countries providing assistance; military ? U.S., $1,728 million (FY70), $1,895 million (FY71), $2,398 million (FY72), $2,168 million (FY73), $946 million (FY74) Budget: (prior to 30 April 1975) $1,083 million (est. 1975), 44% military, 56% civilian; deficit of $325 million (est. 1975) Monetary conversion rate: last official pre- takeover rate was 755 piasters = US$1 (April 1975); Communists issued new currency in September 1975 at rate of 500 old piasters =1 new piaster; no dollar rate established but nominal value thought to be 3 new piasters = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 VIETNAM, SOUTH/ WALLIS AND FUTUNA/WESTERN SAMOA COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 800 mi. meter gauge, single track; 400 mi. serviceable and 175 mi. undergoing reconstruc- tion; remainder out of service or abandoned Highways: 12,100 mi.; 2,500 mi. bituminous, 4,700 mi, gravel or improved earth, 4,900 mi. unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 6,800 mi. navigable; more than 1,400 mi. navigable at all times by vessels up to 6 ft. draft Ports: 6 major, 20 minor Airfields: 189 total, 153 usable; 62 with permanent-surface runways, 8 with runways 8,000- 11,999 ft., 18 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,720,000; 3,000,000 fit for military service; 191,000 reach military age (18) annually WALLIS AND FUTUNA Coral Sea _ NEW N. CALEDONIA AUST e a WALLIS AND FUTUNA NEW ZEALAND (Sae referance map VIII) LAND About 80 sq. mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 n. mi. Coastline: about 80 mi. PEOPLE Population: 9,000, official estimate for 1 July 1973 Nationality: noun?Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islander; adjective?Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islanders Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Polynesian Religion: largely Roman Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Matu Utu Political subdivisions: 3 districts Branches: territorial assembly of 20 members; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, and one Senator Government leader: Superior Administrator Jacques de Agostini Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years ECONOMY Agriculture: dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas Exports: negligible Imports: $1.4 million (1972), largely foodstuffs and some equipment associated with development programs Monetary conversion rate: 70 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)= US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 62 mi. of improved road on Uvea Island (1972) Ports: 2 minor Airfields: 2 total, all usable; 1 4,000-7,999 ft., 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 43 telephones DEFENSE No formal defense structure; no regular Armed Forces WESTERN SAMOA (See reference amp VI) LAND 1,100 sq. mi.; comprised of 2 large islands of Savar and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manono and Apolima; 65% forested, 24% cultivated, 11% industry, waste, or urban 223 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 WESTERN SAMOA/YEMEN (ADEN) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 250 mi. PEOPLE Population: 160,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (7/64-7/74) Nationality: noun?Western Samoan(s); adjec- tive?Western Samoa Ethnic divisions: Polynesians, about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood), 700 Europeans Religion: 99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society) Language: Samoan (Polynesian), English Literacy: 85%-90% (education compulsory for all children from 7-15 years) Labor force: agriculture 19,148; mining and manufacturing 1,716 (1961) Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Independent State of Western Samoa Type: constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand Capital: Apia Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Head of State and Executive Council; Legislative Assembly; Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, village courts Government leaders: Head of State, Malietoa Tanumafili II; Prime Minister, Tamesese Lealofi Suffrage: 45 Samoan members of Legislative Assembly are elected by holders of matai (heads of family) titles (about 5,000); 2 European members are elected by universal adult suffrage Elections: held triennially, last in February 1973 Political parties and leaders: no clearly defined political party structure Communists: unknown Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, IBRD, IFC, IMF, Seabeds Committee, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $38 million (1971), $260 per capita Agriculture: cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconut, bananas, taro, and yams Exports: $13 million (f.o.b., 1974); copra 63%, cocoa 18%, timber 8% January 1976 Imports: $25 million (c.i.f., 1974); food 30%, manufactured goods 24%, machinery 9% Major trade partners: exports?New Zealand 33%, Netherlands 18%, West Germany 15%, U.S. 13%; imports?New Zealand 33%, Australia 22%, Japan 11% Aid: New Zealand, $7 million (est. 1972-76) Budget: 1974 est., revenues $15 million, expendi- tures $18 million Monetary conversion rate: WS Tala = US$1.67 (August 1973), 0.61 WS Tala =US$1 Major industries: timber, tourism COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 487 mi.; 233 mi. bituminous, remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 principal (Apia), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, all usable; 1 with runway 4,000- 7,999 ft. Telecommunications: 2,270 telephones; 10,100 radio receivers; 1 AM station YEMEN (ADEN) Arabian Sea Indian Ocean (See reference map 10 LAND 111,000 sq. mi. (border with Saudi Arabia undefined); only about 1% arable (of which less than 25% cultivated) Land boundaries: 1,120 mi WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (300 meters plus exploitability, plus 6 n. mi. -necessary supervision zone-) Coastline: 860 mi. 224 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 YEMEN (ADEN)/YEMEN (SANA) PEOPLE Population: 1,663,000,2 average annual growth rate 2.7% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Yemeni(s); adjective?Yemeni Ethnic divisions: almost all Arabs; a few Indians, Somalis, and Europeans in Aden Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: probably no higher than 10%; Aden 35% (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen Type: republic; power centered in ruling National Front Party Capital: Aden; Madinat ash Shah, administrative capital Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on Islamic law (for personal matters) and English common law (for commercial matters); highest judicial organ, Federal High Court, interprets constitution and determines disputes between states Branches: Presidential Council; cabinet; Supreme People's Council Government leaders: Chairman of Presidential Council, Salim Rubayyi Ali; Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammed al-Hasani; NF Secretary General Abd Al-Fattah Ismail Suffrage: granted by constitution to all citizens 18 and over Elections: elections for legislative body, Supreme People's Council, called for in constitution; none have been held Political parties and leaders: National Front (NF), only legal party Communists: few known Member of: FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, wyru, WHO, wmo ECONOMY GNP: $100 million (1974 est.), $60 per capita Agriculture (all outside Aden): cotton is main cash crop; cereals, dates, kat (qat), coffee, and livestock are raised and there is a growing fishing industry; large amount of food must he imported (particularly for Aden); cotton, hides, skins, dried and salted fish are exported Major industries: petroleum refinery (production 150,000 b/d) mid-1971; capacity 178,000 b/d at 'Excluding the islands of Perim and Kamaran for which no data are available. Little Aden operates on imported crude; oil exploration activity Electric power: 128,000 kw. capacity (1974); 448 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 276 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $26 million (1974), excluding petroleum products but including re-exports Imports: $188 million (1974 provisional) Major trade partners: Yemen, East Africa, but some cement and sugar imported from Communist countries; crude oil imported from Persian Gulf, exported mainly to U.K. and Japan Budget: (EY1973-74, est.) ? revenues $39 million, expenditures 68 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 S. Yemeni dinar= US$2.90 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,300 mi.; 200 mi. bituminous treated, 180 mi. crushed stone and gravel, 2,920 motorable track Ports: 1 major (Aden) Pipelines: refined products, 20 mi. Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 95 total, 57 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 31 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small system of open-wire line, multiconductor cable, and radiocommunications stations; only center Aden; 9,900 telephones; 250,000 radio and 30,000 TV receivers; 3 TV and 1 AM stations; 4 submarine cables (2 operational) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 389,000; 215,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1971, $15,816,000; about 34.4% of total budget YEMEN (SANA) LAND About 75,000 sq. mi. (parts of border with Saudi Arabia and Southern Yemen undefined); 20% agricultural, 1% forested, 79% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 950 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. (plus 6 n. mi. -necessary supervision zone-) Coastline: 325 mi. PEOPLE Population: 6,622,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7/71-7/72) Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 225 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 YEMEN (SANA)/YUGOSLAVIA Nationality: noun?Yenteni(s); adjective?Yemeni Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Arab (mixed) Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: almost entirely agriculture and herding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Yemen Arab Republic Type: republic; military regime assumed power in June 1974 Capital: Sana Political subdivisions: 8 provinces Legal system: based on Turkish law, Islamic law, and local customary law; first constitution promulgated December 1970, suspended June 1974; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Military Command Council, Prime Minister, cabinet, 117-member Consultative As- sembly Government leaders: Head of Military Command Council, Col. Ibrahim Hamdi; Prime Minister Abd al-Ghani Communists: few known Political parties or pressure groups: Yemeni Union, a small inactive government party- formed in February 1973; some pro-Iraqi Baathists, other small clandestine groups supported by Yemen (Aden) Member of: Arab League, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $300 million (1974 est.), $50 per capita Agriculture: sorghum and millet, gat (a mild narcotic), cotton, coffee, fruits and vegetables; largely self-sufficient in food Major industries: cotton textiles and leather goods produced on a small scale; handicraft and some fishing; small aluminum products factory Electric power: 4,000 kw. capactiy (1974); 14 million kw.-hr. produced (1974), 2 kw.-hr, per capita Exports: $15 million (1974 est.), qat, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables Imports: $220 million (1974 est.), textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, and cement Major trade partners: China, Yemen (Aden), U.S.S.R., Japan, U.K., Australia, Saudi Arabia Aid: bilateral pledges received?$167 million 1974. multilateral?$36 million 1974 through August 1972, $170 million drawn through 1970; major donors include U.S.S.R., China, U.S., West Germany, Saudi 226 January 1976 Arabia; military ? $78 million from U.S.S.R.; $30 million from Eastern Europe; $7 million western military aid through 1973 Budget: (1974/75 est.) $92 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Yemeni rial= US$0.22 as of October 1973 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,160 mi.; 290 mi. bituminous; 270 mi. crushed stone and gravel; 1,600 mi. earth, sand, and light gravel Ports: 1 major (Al Hudaydah), 2 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 26 total, 18 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 4 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 6 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: systems among mideast's worst; consists of meager open-wire lines and low- power radiocommunication stations; principal center Sana, secondary centers Al Hudaydah and Taizz; 4,600 telephones; 86,000 radio receivers; I AM radio- broadcast station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,550,000; 857,000 fit for military service; about 72,000 reach military age (18) annually; universal military conscription law (10 January 1963) makes military service obligatory for all Yemeni males 18-30 Military budget: for fiscal year ending June 1974, $29.7 million; 41% of total budget YUGOSLAVIA (See feferenee map WI LAND 98,800 sq. mi.; 32% arable, 25% meadows and pastures, 34% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 1,865 mi. Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 YUGOSLAVIA WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 10 n. mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) Coastline: 945 mi. (mainland), plus 1,500 mi. (offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 21,447,000, average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun?Yugoslav(s); adjective? Yugoslav Ethnic divisions: 39.7% Serb, 22.1% Croat, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovene, 5.8% Macedonian, 2.5% Montenegrin, 6.4% Albanian, 2.3% Hungarian, 4.6% other (1971 census) Religion: 41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Roman Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census) Language: Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian, and Italian Literacy: 80.3% (1961) Labor force: 13.5 million (1970); 49.6% agriculture, 16% mining and manufacturing, 34.4% other nonagricultural activities; reported unemploy- ment averaged 8% of registered labor force (social sector) in 1967 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Type: Communist state, federal republic in form Capital: Belgrade Political subdivisions: 6 republics with 2 autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia) Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: parliament (Federal Assembly) constitu- tionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; independent judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Tito presides as President of the Republic Government leader: Josip Broz Tito, President of Republic and President of League of Communists of Yugoslavia Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Federal Assembly elected every 4 years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are President Tito and influential presidium members Edvard Kardelj, Vladimir Bakaric, and Stane Dolanc Voting strength: Voter participation in national elections has declined, as follows ? 1963, 95.5%; 1965, 93.6%; 1967, 89%; 1969, 88%; 1974, no data available Communists: 1,076,000 party members (May 1974) Other political or pressure groups: Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR) Member of: CEMA (observer but participates in certain commissions), EC (5-year non-preferential trade agreement signed in May 1973), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OECD (participant in some activities), Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $27.9 billion (1974 est., at 1973 prices), $1,320 per capita; 1974 real growth rate approx. 6.5% Agriculture: diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops ? corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; generally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; self-sufficient in food except for tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds; caloric intake, 3,210 calories per day per capita (1967) Major industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment, textiles, wood processing, food processing Shortages: fuels, steel, textile fibers, chemicals Crude steel: 2.8 million metric tons produced (1974), 130 kg. per capita Electric power: 8,850,000 kw. capacity (1974); 39.5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,855 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $3,805 million (f.o.b., 1974); 11% foodstuffs and tobacco; 21% raw materials, fuels, and chemicals; 23% machinery and equipment; 45% other manufactures Imports: $7,542 million (c.i.f., 1974); 9% foodstuffs and tobacco; 37% raw materials, fuels, chemicals; 26% machinery and equipment; 28% other manufactures Major trade partners: 71% non-Communist countries (35% EC, 6% U.S., 30% other non- Communist countries), 29% Communist countries Aid: postwar credits extended mainly by the U.S. (about $3.6 billion, including grants and $0.7 billion in military aid); Western Europe (more than $1.2 billion); IBRD ($1.0 billion); IMF (more than $580 million); Communist countries extended credits 227 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 YUGOSLAVIA/ZAIRE totaling $464 million in 1956 ($125 million drawing balance suspended in 1958) and $576 million during 1962-70 and $540 million in 1972; $173 million in 1974; Yugoslavia has extended credits totaling about $700 million to 27 less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America Monetary conversion rate: 17.0 new dinars = US$1 Fiscal year: same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,411 route mi.; 5,811 mi. standard gage, 600 mi. narrow gage; 494 mi. double track; 1,243 mi. electrified (1973) Highways: 61,119 mi.; 341 mi. concrete, 20,956 mi. bituminous, 684 mi. stone block, 23,312 mi. gravel, 15,825 mi. earth (1973) Inland waterways: 1,231 mi. (1975) Freight carried: rail-89.7 million short tons, 15.8 billion short ton/mi. (1974); highway-88.7 million short tons, 6.71 billion short ton/mi. (1974); waterway?est 21.4 million short tons, est. 3.7 billion short ton/mi. (incl. intl, transit traffic) (1974) Pipelines: crude oil, 200 mi.; natural gas, 320 mi.- Ports: 9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar), 24 minor (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 29 billion dinars; about 8.5% of estimated national income ZAIRE (See reference map V) LAND 905,000 sq. mi.; 22% agricultural land (1% cultivated), 45% forested, 33% other Land boundaries: 6,153 mi. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 n. mi. Coastline: 23 mi. PEOPLE Population: 25,248,000, average annual growth rate 2.8% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Zairian(s); adjective?Zairian Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes ? Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religion: 51% Christian, 45% animist, 4% other Language: French, English, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Chiluba are all classified as official languages Literacy: 5% fluent in French, about 35% have an acquaintance with French Labor force: about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zaire (until October 1971 known as Democratic Republic of the Congo) Type: republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system Capital: Kinshasa Political subdivisions: 8 regions and federal district of Kinshasa Legal system: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; new constitution promulgated 1967, revised 1974; legal education at National University of 'Zaire; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: president elected 1970 for seven-year term limited to two five-year terms, thereafter; National Legislative Council of 210 members elected for five-year term; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Lt. Gen. Mobutu Sese Seko, President Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: presidential and legislative elections in October and November 1970 Political parties and leaders: Mouvement Populaire de la Revolution (MPR), only legal party, organized from above with actual grassroots popularity not clearly definable Voting strength: MPR slate polled 96.3% of vote in 1970 elections Communists: no Communist Party; U.S.S.R. and People's Republic of China have diplomatic missions in Zaire Member of: AFDB, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, 228 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ZAIRE/ZAMBIA IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OCAM, Seabeds Committee, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WM 0 ECONOMY GDP: $3.6 billion (1974 current prices), $150 per capita; real growth rate 6.3% p.a. 1968-72 Agriculture: main cash crops ? coffee, palm oil, rubber; main food crops ? manioc, bananas, root crops, corn; some provinces self-sufficient Fishing: catch 124,000 metric tons (1971); imports $18 million (1972 est.) Major industries: mining, mineral processing, light industries Electric power: 861,380 kw. capacity (1974); 3.5 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 126 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,294 million (f.o.b., 1974); copper, cobalt, diamonds, other minerals, coffee, palm oil Imports: $911 million (c.i.f., 1974); consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels Major trade partners: Belgium, U.S., and West Germany Aid: economic ? U.S. (FY61-73) $503 million; (1971 estimated disbursements) Belgium, $31.4 million; France, $6.6 million; other bilateral aid $5.4 million; U.N., $9.4 million; EC, $18.9 million; China (1973) $100 million; military ? U.S., $50 million (FY62-73) Budget: 1974?revenue $1,076 million, expendi- ture $1,229 million, capital expenditure $261 Monetary conversion rate: 1 zaire = US$2 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,218 mi.; 2,419 mi. 3'6" gage, 78 mi. 3'3%" gage, 85 mi. 2'0 1/4 " gage, 636 mi. 1'115/8" gage; 532 mi. of 3'6" gage electrified Highways: 87,800 mi.; 1,200 mi. bituminous, 11,300 mi. gravel or crushed stone, 75,300 mi. earth Inland waterways: comprising the Zaire, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes, the waterway system affords over 9,320 mi. of navigable routes Ports: 2 major (Matadi, Boma), 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 460 mi. Civil air: 37 major transport aircraft Airfields: 385 total, 294 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 54 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: limited, barely adequate telephone service, telegraph service good; 25,000 telephones; 100,000 radio receivers; 7,100 TV receivers; 12 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,963,000; 2,986,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $147,033,460; about 16.5% of total budget ZAMBIA OUTHERN RHOOEStA (See reference map VI) LAND 288,000 sq. mi.; 5% under cultivation, 5% arable, 10% grazing, 13% dense forest, 6% marsh, 61% scattered trees and grassland Land boundaries: 3,730 mi. PEOPLE Population: 4,931,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7/73-7/74) Nationality: noun?Zambian(s); adjective? Zambian Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, 1.1% European, .2% other Religion: 82% animist, about 17% Christian, and under 1% Hindu and Muslim Language: English official; wide variety of indigenous languages Literacy: 28% Labor force: 402,000 wage earners; 375,000 Africans, 27,000 non-Africans; 15% mining, 9% agriculture, 9% domestic service, 19% construction, 9% commerce, 10% manufacturing, 23% government and miscellaneous services, 6% transport Organized labor: 100,000 wage earners, primarily in industrial sector, are unionized (early 1968) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zambia Type: republic since October 1964 Capital: Lusaka 229 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 ZAMBIA/UNITED STATES Political subdivisions: 8 provinces Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; legal education at University of Zambia in Lusaka; has not accepted compulsory 1(1 jurisdiction Branches: modified presidential system; unicam- eral legislature; judiciary Government leader: President Kenneth Kaunda; Prime Minister Elijah Mudenda Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last general election December 1973 Political parties and leaders: United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when 1 party state proclaimed Voting strength (1973 election): in first presidential and parliamentary elections under single- party system, 43% of eligible voters went to polls; Kaunda was only candidate for President; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP Communists: no Communist Party, but sympa- thizers of socialism in upper levels of government, UNIP, and labor unions Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, 'EA, IFC, 1E0, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.0 billion (1973 est.), $430 per capita; real annual growth rate 1.4% between 1970 and 1973 Agriculture: main crops ? corn, tobacco, cotton; net importer of most major agricultural products Fishing: catch 34,800 metric tons (1972); imports $5.3 million (1970) Major industries: copper mining and processing Electric power: 891,800 kw. capacity (1974); 5.9 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 1,227 kw.-hr. per capita Exports: $1,406 million (f.o.b., 1974); copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco Imports: $904 million (c.i.f., 1974); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels Major trade partners: U.K., South Africa, Japan, Western Europe Aid: economic?China $280 million (1967-74); (1964-67) U.K. $63 million; IBRD $242 million (1965- 73); U.S. $77 million (FY53-73); U.S.S.R. $9 million; Eastern Europe $50 million; military ? $9 million (1964-69), mainly U.K. and Canada Budget: 1975?revenue $1,005 million, expendi- ture $1.179 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Zambia kwacha = US$1.555 (official), 0.643 Zambia kwacha= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,219 mi., government owned, all narrow gage (3'6"); 8 mi. double track Highways: 21,375 mi.; 2,145 mi. paved, 4,690 mi. crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 14,540 mi, improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,409 mi. including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Kariba, Lake Bangweulu, Lake Tanganyika; principal port on Lake Tanganyika is Mpulungu Pipelines: 450 mi. refined Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 169 total, 169 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 22 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: all services being modern- ized and increased; presently adequate but must be expanded to permit growth; high-capacity wire and radio relay connect centers of Kitwe in northern mining region and Lusaka along axial north-south route; 59,300 telephones; 100,000 radio and 21,000 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; I satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,140,000; 545,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1972, $70,000,000; 11.6% of total budget UNITED STATES This "Factsheet- on the U.S. is provided solely as a service to those wishing to make rough comparisons of foreign country data with a U.S. "yardstick." Information is from U.S. open sources and publications and in no sense represents estimates by the U.S. intelligence community. LAND 3,615,211 sq. mi. (contiguous U.S. plus Alaska and Hawaii); 19% cultivated, 27% grazing and passture, 32% forested, 22% waste, urban, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 n mi. (fishing, 12 n. mi.) PEOPLE Population: 214,524,000, average annual growth rate 0.8% (current) Ethnic divisions: 87.2% white, 11.3% negro, 1.4% other 230 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 January 1976 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 UNITED STATES Religion: total membership in religious bodies, 131,434,000; Protestant 71,649,000, Roman Catholic 48,460,000, Jewish 6,115,000, other religions 3,841,361 Language: English, predominantly Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 92 million (1974) Organized labor: 23.4% of total (1972) GOVERNMENT Legal name: United States of America Legal system: based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Voting strength (1972 presidential election): Republican Party (Nixon), 47,170,000; Democratic Party (McGovern), 29,170,000; minor parties, 1,378,000 Communists: Party membership, 10,000-11,000 (est.); General Secretary, Gus Hall Member of: ADB, ANZUS, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS, OECD, Seabeds Committee, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1,397 billion (1974); 63% private consumption, 15% private investment, 22% govern- ment; $6,600 per capita; 1974 growth rate ?2% (constant 1958 dollars) Fishing: catch 2.7 million metric tons (1973), valued at $704 million; imports $914 million (1971); exports $136 million (1971) Crude steel: 132 million metric tons produced (1974), 620 kg. per capita Electric power: 476,000,000 kw. capacity (1974); 1,865 billion kw.-hr. produced (1974), 8,400 kw.-hr. per capita est. Exports: $97.9 billion (f.o.b., 1974); machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, cereals, mineral fuels Imports: $100.2 billion (c.i.f., 1974); transport equipment, machinery, mineral fuels, steel, nonfer- rous metals, metal ores Major trade partners: Canada 21%, Japan 12%, West Germany 6%, U.K. 4% (1973) Official development assistance (aid): obligations and loan authorizations (FY74), economic $3.9 billion, military $5.1 billion Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 202,775 mi. (1972) Highways: 3,787,000 mi. Inland waterways: 25,260 mi. of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes; freight carried 951 million short tons (1970) Pipelines: petroleum, 174,000 mi. (1972) Ports: 25 major Merchant marine: 600 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,982,730 GRT, 14,722,666 DWT; includes 3 passenger, 5 short-sea passenger, 163 cargo, 119 container, 14 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 234 tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 17 bulk, 2 combination ore/oil, 23 LASH Seebee and barge carriers, 19 specialized carriers; in addition there are 178 ships in reserve fleet Civil air: 5,214 major transport aircraft (1973) Airfields: 12,405 (1972) Telecommunications: 4,398 AM, 3,151 FM, 940 TV broadcast stations (1974); 147,000,000 telephones (1975), 65 telephones per 100 population (1975); 360 million radio and 110 million TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: army 1,148,000, navy and marines 1,065,000, air force 942,000 (1973) Military budget: $80.6 billion (1974 est.) 231 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-0105 000 0 800.01.201 u.s --rt:8and Asia Iceland Sr i/h ('oh, urmansk Leningrad Arkhangelsk *Moscow .Yakulsk .Kuybyshev .Sverdlovsk .Volgograd .Ornsk .Novosibirsk Irkutsk. .Tashkent ? Ko-shih (Kashgar) Wu-lu-mu-chi (Unnnchi) Saudi Arabia Ha-erh-pin. (Harbin) Shen-yang. ei-ching I pao.rou. (Peking), .7 Ch'ing-tan .(Tsingtao)C .Hsi-an (San) c Chinese line of con1101 pal Lan-chou. China La-sa .(Lhasa) Kar5ch hma Yemen .Wu-han .Ch'eng-tu Kuang-chpu .K'un-ming .1Cantdirl) Macau inia Kola No Arabian Sea Maldives Bang)0 oMadras Colombo Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Indian Ocean 1200 Miles 1200 Kilometers Burma ant Rang NAM ES AND BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION ARE NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE vostok rth orea ngyang hang-ha, (Norp-7 eteterfn (1.1.1() aipei Taiwan outh tnam Si, ra enh Brunei (U.K Lumpur Saraw Malaysia n papare P mbangl,i% 0 8 Indones ? Quezon Lucre okyo apan Philippines danao Pacific Ocean Papua New Guinea Kalimantan 'a masin Jak . Su rakaya . laill Perth Australia 71A.Adelaide ?.--jTelbourne 502853 1-76 (540317) Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 VI Africa ..,:,Cape Verde North Atlantic Ocean AZti,as ' Por ug Rabat Ire U. S. S. R. Poland France Sr Caspian Sea Mrrocco Canary Is (Op I P El ArilUn Sp. S a Dakar Gambia Guinea Bissau. Conakr Black Sea Aral ) Sea G ecer'a Turkey / Algiers Onis , Cypriksji Tutpsia Mediterranean Sea Le Iran Israelis Jordan Port Sudan I *\Red \ Sea Khartoum* As Persian \ Gulf atar Saudi Arabia Yemen (S) yernen (A) 'Berbera Freetown Sier Leone Monrovia Liber sau Guinea South Atlantic Ocean 7 han cera *Lagos ) k-PorkNovo Lome Malabo& ?)-Eq. Sao Tome and Principe@ Nigeria 590 saps Miles 500 1000 Kilometers .Kano Sudan 'Addis Ababa , pia Cameroon * Yaounde Br Congo zaville Tanzania ombasa Dar es Salaam Ii Mogadiscio Luanda Lobi Zambia Lusaka* Walvis Bay (S. AL) Jth7WV,St Africa II rre",.)r Botswana Gaborone umbashi Malawi Lake Nyasa *Soli Southern hodesie (U.K.) Cape Town ho SEYCHELLES 7, (U.K.) Comoro Is. M eira ada ambigua ourenco Marques *Ta ascar Indian Ocean anarive Mauritius o Reunion Names and boundary representation are not necessarily authoritative 502852 1-76 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 V The Middle East Al Bulgaria Black Sea s anbul thensp )- 011 Jabriz Cyprus? f".;k0cosia Mediterranean Sea Leben Beir Isra .Aleppo Syria Darnascu Tehran, ffort Sa Iraq.. Baghdad * . ' Iran E?iahan. Jordan Al Bac ,badan Kuwait wait A \ No) Bahrain ?tr Doha 'Abu Dha_V-- United Arab Emirates *Shiraz Bandar 'Abbas ----- Gulf of Oman Jiddah Red Sea F.T -- *Aden Gulf of Ai. (Fr.) Aden jibouti Yemen (Aden) Ethiopia Addis Ababa* Somalia NAMES AND BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION ARE NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE Arabian Sea Socotra 590 Miles 0 500 Kilometers Indian Ocean 502851 1-76 Approved For Release 2005/04/22 : CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 Approved For Release 2005/04/22: CIA-RDP79-01051A000800010001-8 IV Europe Reykjavik Iceland ) North tiantic Po Lisbon ? Faeloe IS. ^ (13 en) ; o orcf?dinburgh North tlasgo Norwegian Sea 400 Miles ? I 1 O 400 Kilometers Murmansk Ar kangel'sk Finland Helsinki Bergen Leningrad Baltic Moscow Den Sea hagen Sea .Virnyes .Minsk U S. S. R. /Unit d King Amster "\--Aondon* o Germ.an Berlin Federal Dem. Rep. Bonn (,'` , * Republic .Kiyev France Lyon. /.Bordeaux Vienna* Austria *Budapes Hungary Black Sea Monaco, 'Ilsi'ar'S'er;11e*I---7 ., Corsica)c., Barcelona