EVALUATION OF PROJECT (Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00820R000300090001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 2, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: STUDY

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EVAIDATION CF PROJELIT
tion is based an a thorou ppraisal of the formal
ts submitted by the itek Corporation under Project
ape of the contract, as stated in the First interim
ded into four major areas. These four areas, listed below,
are used as the organisation of this evaluation. The areas are:
a. Photo interpretation techniqaes and equipments.
b. Photographic techniqaes and equipments.
ce Photogrammetric techniques and equipments.
d. Computer programs, index file, library support e
techniques.
nd
2. Photo InterDretatIc Tciniues and uinent. a. Security
restrictions forced iie deletion of certain portions of the work state-
ment dealing with photo interpretation. However, Itek was asked, and
agreed, to investigate PI activities not subject to these security
precautions (Page 87, 88, Second interim Report). These activities, to
Whiet itek had full access, were being conducted in the Target Materials
Center of the 544th Reconnaissance Technical Groat) and in the 8th
Reconnaissance Technical Squadron.
b. No specific reference to the results of any study of PItech-
niques and equipments appears in the report. Mime portions of the
report which deal with Pi activities are slanted toward development of
equipment and techniques that may be required two or more years fram
now. Little or no advice is provided on how to do today's PI job better
with equipment now available. This area was COmpletely avoided in
Chapter Il of the final report (Pages_ 3 through 6)
** The report states a requirement for devel inebetter communi-
cations between photo personnel and the users of photo products."
(Pages 12, 52, Final Report) No recommendations for such development
are provided.
d. The mart discusses genaralparemeters of a "general purpose
photo input system" 112-120, Final Report), the "overall inte-
gration problems" (Paies 121i.129, Final Report), and PI viewers (Rages
133-136, Final Report). These discussions have merit and should be
considered in future programming for the development of PI equipments
and procedures. However, they contribute little to improving present
capabilities and output of SAC PI activities. There is no evaluation
of viewing equipment on hand, nor of means for improving the use of
this equipment. On Page 2 of the Final Report the statement is made
On file USAF release
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detailed specificaticns on these equipments ( tact
I. viewers, comparator*, and a resoIuticn test camera)
arid in the near future." We have not received such
specifications.
e. The requirement to evaluate existing techniques and eguip..
sent used to extsect intelligence Information from corollary
Information and make recommendation. for improving such techniques
and equipment was partially satisfied.
f. Reoommendations were made an means of inoreazing compati-
bility between various photographic inputs and special or general
purpose equipments.
g. Recommendations were made on new R & D projects designed
to improve SAC's photo analysis capabilitp.
Ii. No detailed SOP* an photo interpretation were submitted.
1. The requirement for a textual report on, an analysis of the.
computer-plotter0mensuratian system directed toward determination
of additional computer programming required to exploit aerial
reconnaissance photography and plotting was partially satisfied.
There is no dieeussien in the report of the existing plotting
function. No computer programs for exploiting the electroplotter
were recommended.
3. Photographic Techniques andtquipments. e. The work ststeaent
includes the falowing (Pages 79 and 84, First Interim Report):
"Primary eensideratian should be given to developing techniques
which will insure that the optimum amount of intelligence informa..
tion is extracted fromphaWgraphy through the preservation of
original detail ..." and "Au analysis of presently available or
funded photographic proceseing, handling, and enlargement equipment,
expendable materials, methods, assigned photographic processing
personnel and working environment and reccumendatims for the pro-
duction of higher quality (if possible) or different format photo
product for the photo interpreter. (Products required: Textual
report and samples of recommended products.)"
b. The Itek staff recognized the intent of the work statement
in this area, as evidenced by the following statements from the
First Interim Report:
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(1) (Page 9.) "Our intention with regard to Opecial
Projects Photo Laboratory) is to conduct a number of experiments
to determine the degree and sources of photographic quality degra.
dation encountered in this operation, and the effects of these
degradations on the information derived by the photo interpreter
and photogrammetrist."
(2) (Pages 55.) "Our approach will be to examine the
entire (Ptetographic) reproduction system for material mismatthes;
prepare a form which will provide a complete "biography" of each
material which is ourrently used and will allow a decision to be made
regarding suitability for the intended application. A portion of
the information sought is available from the manufacturer's literature;
however, a good deal of it is not, and will be determined in the Itek
ResearCh Laboratories in Boston. The establishment of this kind of
information will then make it possible to predict whether the materi.i
al will introduce degradation into the capy, and if so, to recommend
another material."
"Our requirements in this area are to identify the
inputs, outputs, the kind of tasks the Special Projects laboratory
is called upon to perform, and what kind of schedules it must meet."
(3) (Pages 74, 75.) "During the next month we plan to
accumulate the kind of data that will allow an accurate evaluation of
facilities and equipment, photo materials, work flaw and capacity,
and personnel; and we will explore a classical prdblem area: that of
communication between the photo interpreter and the photo darkroom
technitian."
b. Bone of the above requirements is comp -1y satisfied in the
Itek report. Following are specific examplea of inadequacies:
(1) Resolution testa (App Cit Final Report) were made only an
Type G.2 file under one set of processing conditions and were not
made on all on.hand printing equipuent.
(2) No Comparison is given between resolution obtainable on
ether duping or printing materials or under other processing
conditions.
(3) The "biography of each ma
above) was not included.
(see para 3 b (2),
(4) The evaluation of facilities, eqdpaent, photo materials,
work flow and capacity, and personnel (Page 7k, First Interim Report)
was not presented in recognizable and usable form.
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(5) RO guidance was given rn the pr1en of communications
between the photo lab and the photo user First Interim
RepOrti Pages 12, 52 Final Report
(6) No report is made on the effects of photo quelitt
gradation MI the informatiOn derived by the photo interpreter and
photogrammetrist (Page 9, First Interim Report).
(7) Recommendations for new equipment are limited to brief,
general statement* of parameters for continuous roll fila printers
(Appendix Al Final Report).
(8) laboratory testa (to include
spectral sensitivity, and resolution) on SO
68, Second Interim Report) are not included.
(9) Tests of edge acuity and dimensional Changes on multiple
generation prints are not reported (Page 31, Second Interim Report).
(10) &manometric contra method* required to meintain ie
quality through successive generations are mentioned but not dis-
cussed in any detail (Page 3, 5, 13, Final Report).
(11) The sugteseful use of.diaZo materials for photo dupli-
cation is mentioned in passing (Page 13, FInI0 Report). The subject
in of considerable interest and should be fully developed.
(12) The report recommends the establishment of a special
APS to identify precision photo lab technicians (Pages 4, 53, Final
Report). We started work on this in September; a fOrmal proposal
has been aubmitted to D onnel. It appears that Itek's comments
are based on our work.
(13) The report outlines a eecia3.training course for pre-
cision photo processing technicians Pages 103.105, Final Report).
Such a course in being given at Lowry AFS; SAC conanzTen in the
curriculum, which closely parallels the Itek outline, aa 1.2 Zane
1960. Amore advanced course was given to selected SAC people at
Roehester Institute in the summer of 19590 Again, Iteles recommenda-
tions appear to derive from an existing situation.
(14) The report recognizes a need for emlnrgements for
briefings or other ;special purposes but does not offer recomeenda-
tions on methodist euipeent, or materials for producing them (Pages
108, 109, Pima Report
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(0) (PAP 3, Final Report.) "The glass plates prodneed as 6?
by standard methods are not suitable tar photogrametric or photo
interpretaticu activities. Sensitometric control methods to correct
this situation are recommended." Comment: the last sentence above
apparently should read: "It is rectum:ended that this situation be
corrected by sensitometric controlnathcds," Blase no recommendations
are included in the report on boy to affect this correctioa.
(16) (Page, Final Report) The initiation of design studies
and procurement of high resoluticu continuous printers for TOmm, 5",
and 9r films is recommended. Comment: We question limiting this to
continuous printers; step and repeat printers maybe superior. Also
optical and 35mm printers should have been considered.
(IT) (Page 13, Final Report.) The report states that procedures
for continually checking processing by sensitomstric tests are required.
Comment: We have recognised this and have accomplished it at-Ma:eh
and Westover since the latrons were installed.
(18) (Page 57, Final Report.) The report states that "better
equipment for both contact printing and enlarging will be dependent
upon military procurement of not coly nag equipment, but on the fund-
ing of studies of the parameters which affect printing quality. In
Appendix Al these factors are discussed in detail for continuous roll
film printers." Comment: It was our understanding that this study
was "funded" to determine "parameters which affect printing Tante;
this it fails to do in any detail. The discussion in Appendix A is
extremely general and quite brief and limited.
(19) (Pees 148 at seq. Final Report.) Appendix C describes
the tests of photographic resolution made by the Itek staff. Comment:
The tests ere inconclusive and very limited. They do not Approach
the scope indicated in paragraphs 3a, 3(1), 31*(2), or 3b(3), above.
Only one emulsion and one developing technique was used; no attempt
was made to evaluate losses in multiple generation printing from
extremely high resolution originals; several printers available to
the 544th Reconnaissance Technical Group vera not tested; the email
alone reached were generally well known prior to the tests; the
effects oZ the degradation in quality on the information content was
touched on lightly and in generalities.
or contro
tricTe ttu/elp 444 Eqtaileellta a. A vfkmeble study
he effect errors in using nee-cartographic photography
xtension by aerial triangulation.
b. No reeommendations are made on the eamputer-electreelotter
system see pare 21, above).
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c. No finished briefing is included on an ana3tical control
extensicn program.
d. Recommendations for using various equipments in the Nensurse.
Branch include the following:
(1) 544th B2G cannot use the Nistri Beta I/ S
efficiently or econolically (Pages 3# 41# 42, Firma R
(2) The Wild P1G-1 Point rking Device is evaluated and
recommendetione for improvement are included.
e. Reeammendations are made an the subject of pass point selee
tion and mensuration tedhaiques (Pave 38 et se q4 First interim
Report). These are of value in the 544th R's aerotriaagulation
program.
f. The report states that an extensive testing program, util.
ising the equipment and techniques available to the 544th RTO, is
required in order to determine- how each of the factors of aerotri-
angulation affect the end results (Page 41, First interim Report).
This program was completed, and contributed valuable data to the.
aerotriangulatice and control extension program.
g. The need for methods and equiments required for handling
now and entirely different" photography, in a iguftgrammetric
application is recognized (Pages 67# 68* Second interim Report;
Page 49# Final Report). Recommendations on this subject* on pages
99 through 103 of the Final Report, are general but provide prelim-
inary guidanee for future planning or operations. Proposals for
viewing and mensuration equipsent and techniques for hand3ing these
new formats of reconnaissance photography are also given on pages
120 through 122; these too are general and are slanted primarily
toward development of an overall system design by USAF rather than
toward developing the in-house capability of the SAC reconnaissance
technical unite.
Ii. The report' ontaint recommendations on various analytical
methods of tip and tilt determination and control extension. These
recammendations are of value it provi direction for future work
by the 544 RTG. (Pages 40# 4345, 1TT-1 5, Final Report; 21-23,
Second Interim Report.)
5.
?grams. index file., library 6411019rt equipment and,
tvestigations and recommendations in this area are
pursued in a thorough and practical manner. This portion of
tatement is not considered to have been satisifed. At
the Itek Corporation's presently working on
analysis.
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APPENDIX
Work Statemtant Tebniqaee Application Progrmn
General
It is desired that the Xt.* Corporation develop reconnaissance
teehnical activities, a techniques application program whose prime purpose
will be to enable these activities to improve the productivity of the photo
analyst and the rate and quality of his work* with particular reference to
those photo analysis tasks 'which related to the speeifie objectives of the
Strategic Air Command. The term "photo analysis" is Construed to include
photo interpretation, photogrammetry, and other activities cencerned in
treating intelligence information from aerial photographs. The contractor
should examine in detail the neehanieal, physical, and psychological factors
which influence the productivity of the SAC operation, and make recommenda-
tions thereon. The program should describe in detail how to make the best
man-machine mat* and how to best utilise existing eqpipment and should
produce recommendetions for specific new researchand development that will
contribute to BAC performance. Photo analysis is an Individual effort re-
quiring maples decisions to be made by the interpreter. At the same time,
there are many facets of the photo analysis operation that can be made more
efficient and accurate through proper equipment design and coordination,
and through the application of proper techniques. This will aid the in-
dividual to make those decisions which be alone can make both more
rapidly and more accurately. This is the general philos;p4r that should
guide the development of the program.
General Approach
The program must consider two phase+, of photo analysis; the first deal-
img with identification (what is it), and the second with installation loca-
tion (where Is it). Not only must identification and location be aeeomplish.
ed aceurately, but there is a constantly increasing pressure to shorten the
real time in which such data is prepared. It in rfteognixed that considerable
overlap between the identification phase and the pesitional phase must occur.
The program Should consider where such overlap Is advantageous* and where
the operations should be distinct and separate. Manpower and eviasent
availability will obviously affect such decisions.
It is desired that a teem of Itek personnel, 'who will possess appropriate
security clearances, spend a considerable amount of time at the 544th RTGp
and the 8 RTS, specifically to examine the photo analysis techniques, prob-
lems, equipment and its utilizations, and the present operatioms. The
impmet of new typee of reconnaissance photography, Which will include high
volumes and various geometries, camera modes, formats, and scales, should
be examined. It is also desirable that Itek conduct a review of the exist.
Ing training programs for Photo Interpreters, and study those pertinent
directives which detail the requirements for photo interpreters at the
various SAC levels. The filing and retrieval problems for both photo and
collateral materials should also be examined as they apply to the photo
analyst.
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cn Phase
With this as a background, an analysis of the existtn.g methods and
techniques and of prototype and proposed new equipment should be made. The
objective will be to point out the strengths and weaknesses in the present
systee, and in what direction research and darrelopment must go to strengthen
the system. Interfaces between equipments and techniques must be explored
and/or developed. Him= engineering staff members should insure that
recommendaticea are based am sound mansoadhine matches. Primary censider-
ation should be given to developing techniques which will insure that the
optimum amount of intelligenoe infer:nation is extracted from photography
through the preservation of Prig:1=3, detail and the application of support-
ing material from the graphic files or provided by other intelligence col-
leetion and emplodtation systems.
Location Maim
This phase should deal directly with the improvement of positional in-
formation, which is a vital concern to this command. The program should
first determine the responsibility of all contributing organisations, such
as that of ACIC, to provide geodetic base information and *harts, and should
study the accuracy requirements as stated in SAC operational directives.
Present and proposed methods, equipment, mathematical techniques, and
result* should be studied. The means for the best utilisaticn of present
equipment, including computer programming and scheduling, should be ex-
plored. Methods for Improving positional accuracy, both by measurement
free original material and by improommert of analytical techniques, should
be specified. Stetements concerning realistic accuracies, based on equip
-
moat errors and other sources of errors, should be included. Methods of
extension of location information, using either analog or digital computa-
tion*, should be explored, and computer programs developed.
Pertinent Activities at Itek Concretion
As the team members define prcblems during the early months of the study,
it should be possible and desirable to have the Itek Corporation devote same
theoretical and some experimental efforts to these prdblema at their.
Researoh laboratories at Itek. It is understood that complete optical,
photographic and mechanical equipment and qualified personnel are avail-
able as required to conduct such studies. In addition studies Which have
been nade in these areas previously, end which are available to Itek or
this command, should be considered for their application Lo the problems
outlined above.
Final Report
The final report
e, but not be limited to, the following:
(1) An evaluation of existing techniques and equileent used to
extract intelligence information fraa serial photos and
corollary information, and reccmmendations for ivraring such
techniques and equipment.
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(2) Recommendations rnmeans of Increasing compatibility between
various photographic inputs and special, or general* purpose
equipment*.
3) Reeiendettcms far new research and development projects
designed to improve SAC,* photo analysis. capability.
(4) Detailed SOP' that assist SAC reconnaissance technical
units to implement recommended techniques.
B. 544t1 RTG - Spesifie Problem Areas
In addition to the areas outlined in the statement for this
project, the 544th Reconnaissance Technical Group has requested that the
following specific areas be studied by the Itak Border Town group:
(1) An analyst* of c ter, mensuration and plotting equipment
available to the th RT3 Analysis Center and the completed
computer programs presently available to the 544th ETU with
a view to determining and providing any additional programming
required to enable the 544th RTG to exploit both advanced
systems aerial recoanaiesance products formats to the plotted
positional stage of exploitation (Products reguired: Text-
ual Analysis report and final textual computer programa.)
Preparation of a briefing of recommended work flew, handling
and operational procedures to be used by the 544th RTG
Analysis Center and most likely to produce accurate, timely
results in the exploitation of advanced systems aerial re-
sonnalasance products of both format, by utilization of
presoatly available or presently funded resources.
(Produsts required: Textual briefing supported by
finished grahic aids in either 30" x 40" or 35ma
color forma
An analysis of eqgipment and personnel presently avail-
able to the 544th RTG Analysis Center utilized in the
exploitation of aerial reconnaissance products, presently
handled, and recommendations for more efficient utilise
tido, of these resources toward fulfillment of the SAC
directed static= of the Analysis Center, 544th RTG.
(Products rewired: Textual report and such graphic
aids as are deemed necessary.)
Reoasiondition for the efficient reduction of special
sraphls and textual libraries to Alma Computer storage
and procnremert of the necessary oallattor programs for
Aline Commuter to enable the rapid retrieval of such data
frail the tePe sitere4e for use by photo interpreters.
(Products required: Textual report, completed Alvac Computer
Programs, recommended.EM formats and steh graphic aids as
are required.
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(5) An analysis or the aerial triangula pro of the
Analysis Center, 544th IITG and resommendations as to the
most efficient means to achieve SAC directed goals in this
field. Such an analysis should include a thorough re-
view of available materiel, manpower and environmental
resources as are presently available to the Anakvsis
Center, 04th RT3 and estimate of training required.,
available and recommended agencies where formal training
mny be and shonld be proeired by assigned personnel in
each of the particular speeialties required and estimates
as to the elepsed time required for attainment of the
total SAC divested goals. (Products required: Textual
report and a finished 'briefing in either graphic 30" x
40" briefing board or 35 rem color slide format of the
result* of the Analysis.
(6) An analysis of the photcgraphic products in their several
formats, available photo interpretation equipment and skill
levels of assigned photo interpreters with an mad to roma.
uending:
(7)
(a) s:he most efficient photo format to be used in ful-
fillment of the various componente of the photo
interpretation functions to the 544th Analysis Center.
(b) Woe best of the available equipment to be used, with
the recommended photo format, by the interpreters in
the various components of the photo interpretation
mission.
I0Proved Interpreter scanning techn
more efficient exploitation of the photo source material.
(41) Improved produation method's. (Produets required:
Textual report, sample work forms, data description
forms, acanningeoasurimg templates and finished
briefing aids in graphic fora.)
An analysis of preaently available or funded photographic pro-
cessing, headline and enlargement equipment, expendable ma-
terials, methods, assigned photographic processing personnel_
and working eavirmmeent and recommendations for the production
of higher qua1ity (if possible) or different format photo
product for the photo interpreter. (Products required:
Textual report and samples of recommended products.)
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ITLIs Proposal for Additional Funding
, AFCIN-3H1
X B2 3
2 CIN-3H
1 CIN-3H1
3
fjhg/ 2309
Comment #2
AFCIN-3H1 has reviewed the work statements submitted by the Information
Technology Laboratories, and cannot find any records that would substantiate the
work as ever being accomplished on 31 equipment.
1 Atch
nic
SPEC' LAL I-Mani NC
TC2,T.11:13.E1.)
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February 2, 1962
REF: 9014-62-2C
Dear Jim:
Pursuant to our recent conversation, this is to advise
you that I am extending the order covering the 407 Computer
installed at Omaha through the month of February, 1962.
This causes a net increase to this order of approximately
$5,500. I expect that you will appropriately amend the
contract,in the near future, in that I find myself in a rather
critical funding position on 88-375.
If my understanding of our conversation is erroneous in
any matter or form, would you kindly inform me of the nature
of the discrepancy so as to minimize the extent of my liability.
HAM:pjf
Very truly yours,
Contracts Manetger
-5 9 S
Z9, WV CS II S. g3.4
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DPD -OP 4-&)
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