NEW YORK TRIP REPORT - 19-20 DECEMBER 1960.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82T00271R000100090013-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 77
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2007
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: December 28, 1950
• Content Type: MEMO

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STANDARD FORM 140. 64
Office Memorandum ? UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO : Acting AD/CR
FROM : Chief, GR/CR
SUBJECT: New York Trip Report - 19-20 December 1960.
Travellers:
DATE: 28 December 1950
Purpose:
Discussions with motion picture film procurement sources
concerning standing and current requirements.
Scope:
Army Pictorial Service Center
Commanding Officer
25X1 Video-tape demonstration.
Procurement
Distribution
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Summary of Activity:
gfris
At the Army Pictorial Service Center we made a courtesy call on
Lt. Col. Randle, Commanding Officer, and arranged to see their new
video-tape installation. The Film Branch is more and more frequently
unable to service requests for televised programs because they are
available in video-tape only (the cost of transferring to film is
approximately six hundred dollars per hour of film). The Signal Corps
is experimenting with procedures to make quick kines of interviews,
personalities, and (as we saw) timely shorts. Our increasing needs
might justify play-back equipment sometime in the future.
We discussed our copying program (Customs material) with Mr.
Procurement difficulties and leases were discussed with
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of the Distribution Branch.
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At the' mentioned how much they
miss I They had planned to train a replacement, but
that person is now out on leave without pay, and there is a good
possibility that she may not return. Several specific cases were
discussed that involved difficulties, either on our part or on theirs.
1were told about the video-tape instal-
lation at SCPC so that they would be knowledgeable of the Army's
capabilities, should they ever be required.
25X1 The following morning we calledl
'
25X1 I 1, and with whom we now deal directly. Mr.
1. This was a contact formerly maintained b I
thanked
him for past cooperation, and a DD/P requirement involving a search
for stock footage on Mobutlwas left with him.
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Later in the morning, we called on Mr.
Director, Educational and Community Services
It is Mr. who for many years has
obtained films for us from various member companies of the
He had requested to see receipts for the year 1957
in connection with the renewal of a lease just expired. Since his
move from Washington to New York there has been a changing pattern
in requirements, (loans are handled locally). This procedure was
discussed, and the status of the Association's participation in
foreign language training efforts through the production of five
language newsreels for use in schools and colleges.
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I.
25X1 At noon we met
Inc., for
25X1 lunch. Mr. 1 Iis I most helpful contact among the
25X1 various newsreel companies. It was Mr. who procured for
us so promptly the coverage of the Soviet's November Anniversary
Celebration. This material was requested by General Decker, Chief
of Staff, for one of his early staff meetings, and thanks to
25X1 andl
, we were able to meet the deadline.
OCR/GR/FEG:fm
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NENORANDUM FOR: Assistant Director, Central Reference
STATI NTL
FROM
SUBJECT : Suggestions on Graphic Intelligence Resources
I am submitting the following suggestions to you in the hope that
they may be of some use in accomplishing two of the CODIB objectives ,
for Fiscal 1960: the possible establishment of a DCID on graphic intelli-
gence and the cataloging of graphic resources. The suggestions refer
specifically to photographs but could apply to films or any other graphic
resource.
1. It is suggested that a survey be made to determine the existing
photographic collections (files) in the US Government. The CIA and the
Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force maintain the photo files
which are most significant to the Intelligence Community; it is essential,
however, to account for photo files in other agencies in order to present
a complete picture of the photographic resources which are available to
the Community.
2. It is suggested that after the photo files are identified that
a detailed analysis be made of their contents, and descriptions (tables
and/or text) be prepared of the contents of each file (subject and area)
In addition, the major sources of the photos in each file and the photo
collection programs should be ascertained.
A general analysis has already been made of the GR/CR photo files
for the Reference Aid on GR, but it is not refined enough for this purpose.
For example, the category "Economic" should be subdivided into its major
subject headings, petroleum, coke, coal, electric power, etc. The Reference
Aid on GR? however, does define the sources of the photos on file in GR
and the collection programs.
3. It is suggested that a detailed analysis of the photo requests
be made for each USIB agency which maintains a photo file. The analysis
should cover a 2-year period (calendar 1958 and 1959) at least and
possibly a 3-year period. The analysis should include the number of
requests, the number of photos provided, the requesters, and, if known,
the use made of the photos -- that is, whether they were used in the
NIS program, photo interpretation as done by groups such as PIC/CIA,
as sources of information for intelligence researchers, or as illustrative
material in reports or in training programs.
4. It is suggested that after the photo files are identified and
analyzed that the contents of the files be compared with the request
picture. It would be revealing to find out the proportion of the files
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devoted to photos on subjects and areas for which frequent requests are
received, as well as the proportion devoted to photos on subjects and
areas seldom or never requested.
It is also suggested that the contents of the existing photo
files be compared to determine the coverage of each on given subjects
and areas. Although the photos in the GR/CIA files and the defense
agency files are received from different sources, they may be on the
same subjects and areas.
5. It is suggested that the findings made in accomplishing the
foregoing suggestions be incorporated in a concise paper, with possible
recommendationsiand that the paper be submitted to the CODIB members for
their review and consideration in determining the desirability of estab-
lishing a DCID in the area of graphic intelligence. Subsequently, the
paper could be modified, if necessary, and issued by the CODIB as a
reference aid on the photographic resources in the US Government.
6. It is suggested that the inventory or cataloging of resources
in such specialized areas as graphic data be made prior to the considera-
tion of a DCID on the subject, so that the CODIB members would have
full knowledge of the particular resource prior to their drafting the
DCID on it.
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1959 and 1960
AGREEMENTS ON NEW YORK GRAPHIC SOURCES
BETWEEN 00 AND ICD
OM R.MISS I 44 0 MM
STATINTL
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Unclosvre A --
STATINTL
UEOU.
A. Wfaiiac,
Yore2.gu (kwar.;nent TO121-2.st Ogficos
Foreign Ooveraluc: Conallatco
Uhited. Etation,-q aad
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1959
A Ces, nt-v-,7/na /1 1 ? r' I A commo-rrnr,-)71 print-, rinrann
4.
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STATI NTL
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B ?
STATINTL
1959
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Eacloome D
STATI NTL
1 Apzil 1959
Mdrasses ana 1thg Instructioas
STATINTL Etcri.'
All c=aarcial wotion pietnre sbotalcaheeaipped ria karcel
rostv Epecial VAledlng" '5&are .ponoible, ilhip directly frem ata
..retuvn to tb pplier laeglter if f?ilm can eot be replaced,
The yv.oeesz sheet nhould ilIclude the z:z..ablat azaio-i! field. remarks,
and im addition t he usu1 items the 2o11ovilaw,
Pl2m Titla of aim aud special commentsortk3.
Inaluain th,e., source Me.,
i11and gyatval Aloo autrlib of phcto-
orapbs, stills ave laot 13?1f-caDticaed, a calA'2.on sheet
On..s.tz J2:0 .?.11.ou1d. be gent Ifith the ph&too to'.3? Actolpy
need noc:, be attaci to 1,;,proces
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Enclosure C
1 April 1959
FOr the convenience of Graphics Registerv the following is a
partial list of sources for which requirements are to be served
through am, Staff. The GPOrmay be utilized for the exploitation
of these sources at the discretion of the WO.
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ZIction ana "j'L'a.T.-davcs in th.c. York City
ATez behalt of Oraphi4".:13
REPEREWOE
24 Havell. 58 LZSsaie 81.1bject
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1. littached 2:1c1osuz-es ana DfcrnefmuQe,
Also attached la cnclosny ILet lootc) ;:,12.tch
reT.Iiments zewita tbro.12. Aruly Cory?,,
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STANUARD FORM NO. 64
(\\
Office Memorandum ? UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO ? AD/CR
FROM : Chief, GR/CR
SUBJECT: Graphics Procurement via State/New York
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DATE: 1 June 1960
1. The Department of State ICD/NY office is a most important
link in an essential chain of procurement sources to provide
world-wide pictorial information. This chain includes foreign
and domestic, private, official and commercial sources.
2. New York City has the best sources of foreign pictorial
information and has supplied most of the material needed to
complete community requirements for material not already on hand.
Since time is a critical factor in responding to requirements in
our field, our New York sources assume even more importance.
3. Several agencies of the government have representatives
in New York who offer cooperation in our efforts. Two, 25X1
offer specialized and unique services.
Nearly all other collection action is handled by State or CIA and
is coordinated to prevent duplication of effort and material
and to most effectively exploit the best sources. State covers
sources which, by policy, the Agency may not exploit. In other
cases State provides a quick channel to a source where Agency
exploitation would be very difficult. Tab "A" includes memoranda
which outline the most recent understandings between ICD and 00
on graphic sources in New York.
4. While it has not, for many reasons, been feasible to
enjoy an all-out, all-source procurement program, photographic
and motion picture requirements have increased each year. By
necessity, there has been an effort to control the flow of
incoming material at a rate having a reasonable relationship to
our ability to process it. This is largely accomplished by
concentrating procurement on priority areas and from most
productive sources. It has also led to some "crash" requirements
Here, ICD/NY has been particularly responsive, often air-mailing
material the same day the request has been telephoned. Important
as such service has been to the community, the yearly statistics
are even more indicative of the strength of this State link in
our procurement chain. Tab "B" statistics indicate that ICD/NY
is our most important single source for graphic support.
5. could never afford the time to fully exploit
their graphic sources and has, in fact, been transferring sources
with a. GR specialist assigned full time to thel P5X1
the bulk of the material from New York came from
state. While might adjust their priorities to do more in the
graphics mission, it is believed they would be completely
inadequate to as the U. S. copriercial film and plicybo sources
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now handled by State. They could not even accept, under present
policies, the foreign sources so important to even minimum
adequacy in current procurement.
6. It is doubtful that anything could be developed, even .
over a period of years, that could be a reasonable substitute for
ICD and it would almost certainly cost the government many times
the cost of the present arrangement. State's work is most
important to us and is accomplished efficiently and economically.
In short, it is not a question of a reasonable alternative; there
is just no substitute for ICD/NY.
Enclusures:
1. Tab "A"
2. Tab "B"
GR/FEG:fm
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)1VID FOrNA NO. e.t
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)-ffice Nlemorandam 0 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
'MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES FILE
IRMA :Chief, GR
SUBJECT:
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Ati 'invitation,
accompanied by j TSD's Project Engineer, visited!
to check the new camera intended for GR reproduction work. This
camera was, I believe, an idea of translated into 25X1
engineering specifications by TSD, and constructed by the 25X1
It is an impressive console arrangement with electrical
relays, photoelectric cells, strobe illumination built-in, sequ'6ncing,
etc. It is an auto-focus camera capable of handling books, negatives,
photos and slides up to 14 x17". A main feature of the camera is a
separate folded optic system for captions. The camera exposes both
the photo and caption material on one 70mm negative using a regular
Beatty camera and magazine unit. It is quite an impressive camera
and is understood to have been an investment of something like ?
340,000.
DATE: 8 September 1960
? :-)Y'
It is about completely debugged and now ready for operational
service.
has been asked to supply special card stock forms for
the captions. GR will start using these captions for slides sent to
PSD for copying.
It is expected that this new camera will be installed within
the GR in the new building.
6, 5
5
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CONFIDENTIAL
Prepared by
Bureau of intelligence and Research
Department of State
For the use of
Graphics Coordinators
October 1960
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GUIDE FOR GRAPHICS COORDINATORS
Table of Contents
Page No.
INTRODUCTION 1
GRAPHICS COORDINATORS 1
SUGGESTED SOURCES 3
ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS BY OVERSEAS PERSONNEL 5
Availability of Cameras and Film 5
Processing and Reproduction 6
SUBMISSION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER MATERIAL 6
IDENTIFICATION 6
Location 6
Other Descriptive Information 8
Identification of Source 8
Date, Time and Direction 8
Identification of Undeveloped Film 8
Submission of Photographs of Prominent Personalities 8
Submission of Photographs on Economic Subjects 10
Security Classification 10
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Table of Contents (continued)
Page No.
PHOTOGRAPHIC REQUIREMENTS
10
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY (UNCLASSIFIED)
17
FILMS (UNCLASSIFIED)
17
EXPOSURES (UNCLASSIFIED)
19
f -STOP NUMBERS (Lens opening or aperture) (UNCLASSIFIED)
19
SHUTTER SPEEDS (UNCLASSIFIED)
20
DEPTH OF FIELD (UNCLASSIFIED)
20
SCALE (UNCLASSIFIED)
21
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY (UNCLASSIFIED)
22
GLOSSARY (UNCLASSIFIED)
23
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GUIDE FOR GRAPHICS COORDINATORS
INTRODUCTION
Ground photography is one of the most important sources of information on foreign
areas. Government agencies are making increasing use of photographs for 'special proj-
ects and studies, and for planning and training programs. The Department supports the
Graphics Register which provides a central service from its comprehensive collection of
photographs and motion picture films on all areas and subjects. The value of the support
rendered by pictorial materials has been amply demonstrated and the Department encour-
ages active participation in this world-wide program.
Although present files are world-wide in scope it is essential that gaps in coverage
be filled and that the collection be continuously augmented and updated by the receipt of
current photographs of selected subjects. Contributions from overseas posts are most im-
portant in this respect because local commercial and other sources are unable to supply
adequate area and subject coverage.
GRAPHICS COORDINATORS
The importance of photographic procurement has resulted in the designation of a
Graphics Coordinator at each post to encourage and support the photographic collection
program. The Graphics Coordinator is a point of controlfor the program and can request
cameras, film, funds, and specific photo collection guidance appropriate to the capabilities
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of the post. Upon reassignment, Graphics Coordinators shouldnotify the Department, and
the post should name a new coordinator and inform the Department.
SUGGESTED SOURCES
Many excellent photographs may be obtained, often without cost, from newspapers,
magazines, travel folders and other published sources. Newspaper pictures will not gen-
erally reproduce well; glossy prints from the files of such publishers will often be avail-
able. Funds are available for necessary purchases.
American citizens living abroad, or those travelling on business or for pleasure,
often possess interesting and valuable photographs which they are willing to lend to the
Government for copying.
Business firms, steamship lines, railroad companies, airlines and travel agencies,
etc., are likely to have photographs which they distribute without cost, or which they may
be willing to lend for review and possible reproduction locally or in Washington.
Valuable pictures may be available by purchase or otherwise from commercial
photographic houses, from collections, or from exhibitions. Such sources should be ex-
amined and pertinent information on the source, extent and nature of coverage determined.
If significant costs are involved, details as to cost and terms of sale should be forwarded
to the Department for consideration and approval.
Graphics Coordinators are urged to enlist assistance of other mission personnel
where feasible and to apprise selected officers of photographic requirements.
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LAMA-ZING-
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Graphics Coordinators may use their own judgement in selecting suitable partic-
ipants and coordinating their activities. This will prevent unnecessary duplication of
effort and take maximum advantage of photographic opportunities available through travel,
etc. Special care should be taken to control operations in accordance with local sensi-
tivities. Questions of propriety should be resolved by the Graphics Coordinator or such
other officers as may be designated for this purpose by the Chiefs of Mission.
ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS BY OVERSEAS PERSONNEL
Although desired pictorial coverage will be obtainable from the sources suggested
previously, overseas personnel are often able to supplement this coverage. They are
urged to submit current photographs of possible interest from their personal collections.
Prints or negatives will be given careful handling and returned promptly.
Availability of Cameras and Film--Cameras and film can be made available upon
request to officers who are in a position to take original pictures of any of the subjects
listed in this handbook. Inasmuch as the number of cameras available may be limited at
times, requests may be deferred in preference to requests for cameras from posts
located in areas where other sources are limited or non-existent. In any case, the Graph-
ics Coordinator will normally have a 35mm camera available for staff use. Requests for
film (specifying size, type and quantity) and for cameras should be sent to the Department
by Operations Memoranda, Subject: FOREIGN PHOTOGRAPHS. Cameras shall not be
purchased without the prior authorization of the Department. The Graphics Coordinator
is responsible for the equipment assigned and must sign a receipt for it. When he is
transferred the new Coordinator should send a new receipt to the Department.
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Processing and Reproduction--Exposed undeveloped film, negatives or prints may
be sent to the Department for processing and reproduction. If requested, copies of any or
all photographs submitted will be returnedfor use of the post. Some personal photography
may be appropriate and may even be desirable in special cases. These are always re-
turned to the photographer.
SUBMISSION OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER MATERIAL
Use of Operations Memorandum or DS-4 Transmittals--All questions concerning the
collection of photographs, requests for film, etc. should be referred to the Department via
Operations Memorandum, Subject: FOREIGN PHOTOGRAPHS. Photographs,unprocessed
film, or negatives should be submitted as enclosures to the Operations Memorandum or
DS-4 Transmittal. Identifying information may be set forth in the correspondence and
should be correlated with the exposure sequence, marked negatives or prints. The infor-
mation (in the case of negatives or prints) may be attached to the individual items. The
normal processing time is three weeks.
IDENTIFICATION
The accuracy and detail of identifying information add a great deal to the usefulness
of any photograph submitted.
Location--A precise location materially expedites the processingof photography for
the central files. The country, province and city or village are basic. Within a city, street
address or distance and direction from an established landmark should be given. Outside
of urban areas the distance and direction from a city, road junction or known point of ref-
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erence should be provided. In some cases geographic or map coordinates should be given
if available.
Other Descriptive Information --Supplementary data such as the name of a building or
Installation should be supplied. A word or two on function, products, capacity, etc., may be
invaluable. The width and surface of roads and bridges; the time of year; unusual local
conditions - may be significant and not obvious from the photograph.
Identification of Source--The name of the contributing officer or the original source
will permit end-users to obtain additional information if such is required at a later date.
Date, Time and Direction--The date, time of day and camera direction further in-
crease the value of photographs. In some cases even technical information on the camera
equipment and its settings can be helpful, especially where mensuration and photo in-
terpretation is called for.
Identification of Undeveloped Film--Undeveloped film may be submitted for proc-
essing but rolls should be numbered and correlated, if possible, with accompanying in-
formation describing the pictures taken. Some contributors find it easier to supply
adequate identifying information after reviewing the picture. If posts wish to have photo-
graphs for their own use, copies will be furnished on request.
Submission of Photographs of Prominent Personalities --Photographs of prominent
personalities, submitted in accordance with biographic reporting requirements, need not
be duplicated since such photographs are made available to the Graphics Register. Other
personality photographs may be submitted via the Graphics Coordinator.
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Submission of Photographs on Economic Subjects--When photographs of industrial,
agricultural and other economic subjects are submitted in accordance with economic re-
porting requirements (CERP), one additional set should be forwarded to ICD/Graphics by
an Operations Memorandum, Subject: FOREIGN PHOTOGRAPHS.
Security Classification?In general, photographs will be most useful if unclassified
and unrestricted as to use. However, when the nature a the subject or the means of pro-
curement require that photographs be classified, such facts should be clearly stated. The
classification of photographs should be considered separately from classification of the
covering Operations Memorandum. Information which may reveal the existence of an of-
ficial photographic program should be classified CONFIDENTIAL.
PHOTOGRAPHIC REQUIREMENTS
Although at times there may be particular emphasis on certain critical areas and
special objectives, current photographs are in general demand on all areas. Special and
specific requirements are available for many countries. Photographs of any new con-
struction or installations are always desired.
Personalities
Photographs of foreign persons of significance or potential significance to the Amen i -
can Government, including military, political, industrial, scientific and engineering per-
sonalities, labor leaders, and journalists.
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Cities and Towns
Approaches--Road, rail, water
General Layout
Main thoroughfares
Residential sections
Commercial districts
Manufacturing areas
Details
Landmarks
Principal buildings
Municipal
Industrial
Educational
Scientific
New construction
Public utilities
Water supply
Sewage disposal
Power plants
Gas plants
Transportation
Railroad stations
Marshalling yards and sidings
Repair facilities
.4'
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Details (cont'd)
Public transportation
Communication
Telephone and other transmission
facilities
Heavy Industry and Manufacturing
General Layout
Individual buildings
Interior views
Products (include name-plate data
if possible)
Port and Dock Facilities
Approaches
Rail
Road
Water
General Layout
Loading facilities
Piers, docks, quays
Main buildings and shops
Details
Cargo handling facilities
Storage
11 OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Details (cont'd)
Warehouses
Transit sheds
Refueling facilities
Shipbuilding and repair
Marine railroads
Slips and pens
Drydock
Military and naval installations
Railroad terminal facilities
Ships and harbor craft
Transportation
Roads
Main highways
Secondary roads
Junction points
Bridge crossings
Railroads
Main lines
Marshalling yards
Bridges and tunnels
Stations
Repair and service facilities
Transshipping facilities
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Inland waterways
Canals, dams, locks
Rivers
Cargo handling
River craft
Air facilities
Sociological
Native types, ethnic groups
Costumes
Customs
Place of worship
Cermonies
Welfare activities
Educational
Medical
Foreign missions
Public safety
Police
Fire
Typical street scenes
Typical homes
Living conditions of contrasting
economic levels
Working conditions
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Political
Public demonstrations
Propaganda posters
Communist activities
Anti-Communist activities
Headquarters and offices
Economic
Mineral resources
Mines
Ore Processing
Quarries
? Petroleum
Oil wells
Refineries
Pipelines
Agricultural resources
Farms
Equipment
Products
Grain elevators
Refrigerating plants
OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Forestry
Fishing
Docks and equipment
Canneries
Scientific
Hospitals
Medical laboratories
Research laboratories
Field explorations
Precision instruments
Calculators, computers
Weapons development
Nuclear reactors (power and research)
Topographic
Relief features
Coasts and beaches
Landmarks
Drainage
Vegetation
Terrain
13
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THE FOLLOWING SECTION IS UNCLASSIFIED
WHEN REMOVED FROM THIS
AND PRECEDING PAGES
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TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
The following information is included as a ready reference guide for all photog-
raphers. It covers those basic aspects of photography which should be understood in
order to obtain consistently good pictures. Because of the scope of the subject no at-
tempt has been made to cover completely any specific phase but rather to include infor-
mation of general significance.
FILMS
Films have four basic characteristics--speed, graininess, contrast, and sensitivity
to color. Both black and white and color films are rated by a "film speed" number which
indicates how sensitive that film is to light. The higher the number, the greater the
sensitivity. The ratings are called "exposure indexes" or ASA numbers.
Black and White Films
SPEED CHARACTERISTICS ASA RATING* EXAMPLES
Slow
High quality, fine grain, best 10-40 Kodak
for enlargements Panatomic -X,
Adox KB-14,
Adox KB-17
(Continued on page 18)
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Black and White Films -- Cont'd.
SPEED CHARACTERISTICS ASA RATING* EXAMPLES
Medium
General purpose use, fine to 50-160 Kodak Plus-X,
medium grain Adox KB-21,
Ansco Supreme
Fast
Use under limited light
conditions or for fast action
medium to coarse grain
160 & up
Kodak Tri-X,
Hford HP-3
*All ASA ratings for daylight exposure.
Color Films--Several types of color films are now available with ratings of from
ASA-10 to ASA-160. However, most color photography is done with slow speed films. The
high speed color films are a rather recent innovation. In exposing color films it should be
remembered that any color film has far less "latitude" than black and white. This means
that camera settings must be more accurate and there should be less contrast between
the brightest highlight and the darkest shadow. It is recommended that color photography
be taken in sunlight and restricted to a period from two hours after sunrise and two hours
before sunset. Most commonly used color films are as follows:
TYPE ASA RATING
KodacIrome 10
Ektachrome 32
Anscochrome 32
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or'
TYPE ASA RATING
Super Anscochrome 100
Hi-Speed Ektachrome 160
The latter two are not recommended for general purpose photography.
EXPOSURES
Exposure Indexes --Each roll of film includes an instruction sheet which provides
characteristics of the film and the ASA rating or Exposure Index. Some films are more
sensitive to light than others and these indexes are numerical expressions of this sensi-
tivity.
Exposure Values --The exposure value (light value) system is a system designed to
simplify exposure settings by combining lens openings and shutter speeds into one adjust-
ment. All combinations of f-numbers and shutter speeds which give the same exposure
have the same EV (exposure value) number.
Exposure Meters --Exposure meters contain a photoelectric cell to measure the
intensity of light and give the exact exposure setting. They are particularly useful when
taking pictures under dark, cloudy skies, in shade, or late in the day where conditions
make exposure guessing a bit hazardous.
f -STOP NUMBERS (lens opening or aperture)
Lens diaphragms are calibrated in units called "f-stops." The f-stop is simply
a term used to define the diameter of a lens opening. The smaller the lens opening, the
larger the f-stop number. Each f-stop admits twice the amount of light as the next
larger f-stop number.
?
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A'
SHUTTER SPEEDS
Film is exposed only for a pre-set lengthof time such as 1/50 or 1/100 of a second.
In most cameras shutters are adjustable to meet the photographer's needs. Fast shutter
speeds stop action to prevent blurring the picture. Slow shutter speeds are used to allow
longer exposure for absorbing available light. Camera shutter speed settings are directly
dependent on camera-to-subject distance, direction, and speed of action. The closer the
action, the faster the shutter speed. Horizontal action requires faster shutter speed than
head-on movement. It is always safer to use a shutter speed that may be too brief rather
than one that is too long.
DEPTH OF FIELD
The lens reproduces sharply not only that part of the subject on which it is actually
focused but also a certain zone in front and behind. This zone, from the nearest point of
sharp focus to the farthest point of sharp focus, is called depth of field. Large lens
openings yield a shallow depth of field over which focus is critical. Small lens openings
give greater depth of field but gather less light and require slower shutter speeds.
8 11 16
I
IN F
FOCUSING SCALE
Illustration shows that if you set the focusing scale at approximately 15 feet and the
aperture at f.8, everything in the zone from 9 feet to infinity will be sharp.
DEPTH OF FIELD SCALE
16
11
8
5.6
2.8
2.8
5.6
T
II
I I
7
8
9
10
12 15
25
50
20
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SCALE
Additional information which can be very valuable to eventual users is an indication
of the approximate size of photographic subjects. Of course, for many photographs this
may not be necessary, but for photographs of such subjects as roads, bridges, machinery,
etc., it can be very helpful. For example, if a photograph of a bridge includes a person,
a vehicle, or some other object of known size, the approximate measurements of the bridge
can be determined.
NOTE
As a general rule, the instruction sheet which accompanies each roll of film gives
sufficient information on exposure to enable the photographer to take good pictures under
normal conditions. For example, in exposing Kodachrome film on a normal sunny day,
consistently good pictures are produced by using a shutter speed of 1/50 and an aperture
of between f5.6 and f.8. Under the same sunny day conditions, using Plus-X black and
white film, one should use a shutter speed of 1/100 and an aperture of f-16. If the
photographer can become accustomed to a "rule of thumb" setting for average conditions,
it becomes quite simple to adjust to changed conditions which necessitate slower or faster
shutter speeds, or a corresponding increase or decrease in the f-stop.
The other most common problem is in obtainingproper focus. The camera's range-
finder will, of course, enable one to focus sharply on any subject. However, the whole
problem of focus is considerably simplified if you have an understanding of depth of field.
The rule of thumb here is to use as small an aperture as possible so as to take advantage
of the lens' greatest depth of field. Here again, under normal sunny conditions, a simple
setting on the depth of field scale will permit you to use the camera without constant time-
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consuming use of the rangefinder. For example, in using Plus-X film with a setting of
shutter speed - 1/100, aperture - F-8, and focusing scale at slightly over 15 feet, your
camera can be operated as a fixed-focus camera with everything from 9 feet to infinity in
focus. (See page 20)
AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
The two most common problems associated with aerial photography are haze and
plane motion. Haze is always present in the atmosphere and tends to give color films
a bluish cast. The best way to minimize this effect is through use of a "skylight" filter.
You will also find the shady side of the plane to have less haze effect. Aim the meter to-
ward the ground and for color photography increase the indicated exposure by using the
next lower f-number or the next lower EV-number. For black and white film decrease the
indicated exposure by one number.
When the plane is near the ground a shutter speed of 1/200 should be used to prevent
blurring of the photo images. Asa rule shutter speed of less than 1/100 should be avoided
on all aerial photography. The camera should never be rested against a part of the plane
such as the window because of the plane's vibrations. A cushion to support your elbows
when you shoot will help insulate against some of the vibration.
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.4'
GLOSSARY
APERTURE -- In cameras, the aperture is usually variable, in the form of an iris
diaphragm, and regulates the intensity of light which passeE through a lens.
BLOW-UP -- Photographic slang for enlargement.
BRIGHTNESS RANGE -- Variation of light intensities from maximum to minimum. Gen-
erally refers to a subject to be photographed. For example, a particular subject
may have a range of one to four, that is, four times the amount of light is reflected
from the brightest highlight as from the least bright portion of the subject.
BRILLIANCE -- A term denoting the degree of intensity of a color or colors.
BULB -- A camera exposure setting which allows the shutter to remain open as long as
the shutter release mechanism is depressed.
CABLE RELEASE -- A flexible shaft for operating the camera shutter.
CASSETTE -- The metal magazine in which 35mm film is packed.
COLOR SENSITIVITY -- The response of a photographic emulsion to light of various
wave lengths.
COMPOSITION -- The balancing of shapes and tones to produce a pleasing effect.
CONTRAST Subject contrast is the difference between the reflective abilities of
various areas of a subject. Lighting contrast is the difference in intensities of
light falling on various parts of subjects.
DELAYED ACTION -- Another term for a self-timer -- a device on the shutter of the
camera which permits the shutter to trip about ten seconds after it is released.
23
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DEPTH OF FIELD -- The distance between the nearest and farthest objects in the sub-
ject area which are in satisfactory focus.
DIAPHRAGM -- A device for controlling the amount of light which passes through ,a
lens. It is usually an iris diaphragm.
DIN -- A European system of measuring film speed; little used in the United States.
DOUBLE EXPOSURE -- The intentional or unintentional recording of two exposures on
a single frame.
EMULSION -- The light sensitive layer, consisting of silver salts suspended in gelatin,
which is spread over the film.
EMULSION SPEED -- The factor which determines the exposure necessary to produce
a satisfactory image. This is commonly expressed in Weston? General Electric,
or American Standards Association (ASA) emulsion numbers which have been as-
signed to the film.
EXPOSURE -- The term is defined as the product of time and intensity of illumination
acting upon the film.
EXPOSURE METER -- An instrument for measuring light intensity and determining
correct exposure.
EXPOSURE VALUE (EV) SYSTEM -- A method of expressing exposure as a single num-
ber instead of the usual shutter speed and lens opening.
f NUMBERS --A system for marking lens apertures. (See: Diaphragm)
FILM -- A sheet or strip of acetate, coated with a light-sensitive emulsion for exposure
in a camera.
FILTER, LIGHT OR COLOR -- A piece of colored glass or gelatin, which is usually
placed in front of the camera lens to compensate for the color sensitivity of the
24
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film. Also used to modify or exaggerate contrast.
FILTER FACTOR -- The number by which the correct exposure without the filter must
be multiplied to obtain the same effective exposure with the filter.
FIXED FOCUS -- A term applied to a camera in which the lens is set permanently in
such a position as to give good average focus for both nearby and distant objects.
FOCAL LENGTH -- The distance between the center of the lens and the point at which
the image of a distant object comes into critical focus.
FOCAL PLANE -- The plane at which the image is brought to a critical focus. In other
words, the position in the camera occupied by the film emulsion.
FOCUS -- The plane toward which the rays of light converge, to form an image after
passing through a lens.
FOG -- A veil or haze over the negative or print, which is due to undesired chemical
action or light.
GRAIN -- Used in speaking of individual silver particles or groups of particles in the
emulsion which, when enlarged, become noticeable and objectionable.
INFINITY -- A distance setting on a camera focusing scale, beyond which all objects are
in focus.
LATENT IMAGE -- The invisible image formed in an emulsion by exposure to light.
It can be rendered visible by the process of development.
LATITUDE -- Exposure latitude is the quality of a film, plate or paper which allows varia-
tion in exposure without detriment to the image quality. Development latitude is the
allowable variation in the recommended developing time without noticeable difference
in contrast or density.
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LENS SHADE -- A detachable camera accessory used to shield the lens from extraneous
light rays.
NEGATIVE -- A photographic image on film, in whichthe dark portions of the subject ap-
pear light and the light portions appear dark.
ORTHOCHROMATIC FILM -- A film not sensitive to red.
PANCHROMATIC FILM -- A film that is sensitive to all colors of the visible spectrum.
PARALLAX -- The apparent displacement of an object seen from different points. Com-
monly encountered in photography in the difference between the image seen in the
view finder and that actually taken by the lens.
PERSPECTIVE -- The illusion of three dimensions created on a flat surface.
POSITIVE -- Any print or transparency made from a negative is termed a positive.
PRINT -- A photographic image reproduced on paper in black and white or color.
REVERSAL -- A process by which a negative image is converted to a positive. Briefly,
a negative is developed, re-exposed, bleached, and redeveloped to form a positive.
SCALE -- Scale is the ratio of a linear dimension in the photograph to the corresponding
dimension in the subject.
SHUTTER -- On a camera, a mechanical device which controls the length of time light
is allowed to strike the film.
SLIDE -- See: Transparency.
SPEED -- In film, speed means sensitivity to light; a fast film is highly sensitive. In a
lens, speed refers to relative aperture. In a camera shutter, speed refers to the
time between opening and closing; a fast shutter permits very brief exposures.
STOP -- See Diaphragm.
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SYNCHRO-FLASH -- A term applied to flash photography in which a flash bulb is ignited
at the same instant that the shutter is opened, the flash bulb being the primary source
of illumination.
SYNCHRONIZER -- A device for synchronizing the shutter of a camera with a flashlamp
so that the shutter is fully opened at the instant the lamp reaches its peak intensity.
TIME EXPOSURE -- Any exposure longer than the slowest shutter speed of a camera.
TONE -- In photography this usually applies to the color of a photographic image or, in-
correctly, to any distinguishable shade of gray.
TRANSPARENCY -- An image on a transparent base, which must be viewed by transmitted
light, commonly known as slides.
VIEW FINDER -- A viewing instrument attached to a camera, used to obtain proper com-
position.
27
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T
!. U;1!..
AD/CR
Chief, GR/CR
Contributions to the Semi-Annual Report to the President's
Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities.
10 October 1960
New Sources for Motion Picture Films:
PROCUREMENT OF CHINESE COMMUNIST FILMS - Prior to August, 1959
no motion picture films produced by Communist China were being 25x1
received by Graphics Register. But beginning with that month
(largely as a result ofi I's 1959 trip to the Far
East, and his arrangements wven uvr) el4phics Register began to
25X1 receive Chinese Communist newsclips through a DDP code project.
Under this project the 1 (conducts collections through
an agent who views films produced by the Chinese, and sends back
brief descriptions of those excerpts which he can obtain. These
are predominantly newsreel-type films. From these descriptions
Graphics Register selects the newsclips which seen to be 'worth the
prices quoted and indicates to the agent (through DDP) how much we
will pay. To date this program has furnished six (6) films, each
composed of many selected newSclips. Three (3) sets of formal
25X1 Presentation Notices announcing showings of these films have been
disseminated in this Agency and to others of the intelligence
community. The presentations have been attended by 75 CIA and 40
other USIB viewers.
25X1
PROCUREMENT OF EAST GERMAN FILMS - 1
for the past several years has been procuring East German feature
motion pictures under the joint sponsorship pf DDP/EE and Graphics
25X1 Register. Newsreels have been procured froml 1
1 1 The project was budgeted last year as
follows:
25X1
II
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r
n
This was a $2500 reduction over the previous year's cost. About a
month ago it was learned that this project's procurements can be
25X1
expected to show a sharp d ecrensmi
25X1
Arrangements have
peen maw) with USIA to supplement Graphics Register's East German
acquisitions through USIA collections.
Collections of East German films last year were as follows:
Newsreels - 90
Documentary - 19
Features
for a total footage of 151,481 feet.
New ?purees for Photogra h
5
A most valuable new photograph source was established with
the completion of arrangements for a daily service on photographs
The operation has already produced
a large volume of valuable photography not heretofore available
from any other source.
ILLEGIB
Overseas photographic collection through the Department or
State Graphics Coordieator Program is now being carried out in 193
foreign posts. To facilitate this program the Graphics Register
has prepared a "Handbook for Graphics Coordinators" which will
soon be published and disoeminated to posts throughout the world
Examples of Motion Picture 3ervices:
The Film Branch has prepared an edited version of THE TENTH
ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION OF NEW CHINA 1949 - 1959 with a taped
English language commentary by Mr. James Wong, FDD. This film has
been presented to, and received with considerable interest by
senior officials of this Agency--including the Director and the
Department of State. Also it has been shown to Lt. Gen. Dabney
of the Secretary of Defense staff, and is now scheduled for viewing
by the Secretary, Mr. Gates on 11 October 1960. Also a request
for a retention print cf this film has
just been received.
25X1
One of the most outstanding documentaries offered in recent
years by the Film Branch has been OPERATION ABOLITION. It is a
film record of the witting and unwitting activities ane tochniquee
of conmunist front organizations and individuslo during attempts
to discredit and cause abeliti:.n of the House Un-American Activities
Committee when that unit met recently in California.
Requests for screenings of this film increased avLdly with
each showing to the point where it was being hand-carried daily
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c.y U
from one place o the next. Two additional prit?s were ordered, one
of uhich arrived and immediately began receiving bo.J-rngs as heavy
as the first. Since twas accessioned on 20 July 1960 the film has
been booked 17 times t date, a number of them double screenlngs by
the following offices:
Cl/StaffState (2 times)
ORR (5 tires)
DD/S OTR (4 times)
TO/4 SC
Examples of PhoIagmbic Services:
Photographic sup :rt for Agency and USTB -Iffices engaged in
research and analysis, training, intellgence publications, current
intelligence, and operaVons was continued thrughout the reporting
perled. Am7ng the variety of requests serviced were: 293 pintos f
25X1 cities In the Soviet Far East' 'for use in an urban
analysis study by the U.S Army, ACRAPAC; phets of new TU-124
aircraft furnished on a priority basis tp ORR, (DCI, ATIC, USAF,
etc; 6504 photos on Chrla to Geographic Divisin, CRR; in conjunction
with the Army Map Service supplied 8 copies each of 106 color
slides for use by the Geography and Political Science Departments
at the U.S. Military Academy, West Point; photos of Sputnik V to
PIC, OSI, OCI and AEROSPACE Technical Intelligence Center on a
priority basis.
25X1
During the past year the Photograph Branch also supplied
personality photography for many high-level briefings, biographic
Information reports, and published intelligence studies. Included
were political delegations from Japan and France, visiting royalty
from Japan, Thailand and Nepal; key personalities encountered on
the President's trip to the Far East and Secretary Dillon's trip
to Latin America. In response to a request from Headquarters,
Pacific Air Force, 232 photographs of military and civilian leaders
of 49 countries were provided.
GR/FEG:fm
cc: Film Branch
Photo Branch
Mot
55 r11122 1122?112
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C14.6262a 1/2514p
No ?
1
PAGE
Distgibution
of Handbook
Post
r Post
CONFIDENTIAL
ao221.29.71
Copz_No.
(Security Classification
Post
q?,PrL
Abidjan
1
Bucharest
46
Guadalajara
91
Accra
2
Budap*st
47
Guatemala
92
Addis Ababa
3
Buenos Aires
48
Guayaquil
93
.Adelaide
4
Cairo
49
The Hague
95
Aden
5
Calcutta
50
Haifa
96
Aleppo
6
Calgary
51
Halifax
97
Alexandria
Cali
52
Hamburg
98
Algiers
8
Canberra
53
Hamilton
99
Amman
9
Capetown
54
Helsinki
loo
Amsterdam
30
Caracas
55
Hong Kong
101
Ankara
Cardif:f
56
102
Antofagasta
12
Casablanca
5?
Isfahan
103
Antwerp
13
Cebu
.58
7Eskenderwo.
104
Aruba
14
Chiongmal
59
anho.
105
Asmara
15
C:Dadad Juarez
60
Izarix
106
Asuncion
16
Ciudad TrujilD2
Jerusalem
107
Athens
17
Cochabamba
62
Jidda
108
Auckland
18
Colombo
63
Johannesburg
109
Baghdad
19
Kabl
110
Bangkok
20
Cenakry
65
Kaduna
111
Barbados
21
Copenhagen
66
Kampala
112
Barcelona
22
Cork
67
Karachi
113
Barranquilla
23
Caracas
68
Katmandu
114
Basel
24
CurAiba
69
Khartoum
115
Basra
25
Dacca
70
Khorramshahr
/16
Beirut
26
DakaY'
'Ti
Kingston
117
Belem
27
Damascw-:;
72
KL-Osaka
118
Belfast
28
Dar-es-Salaam
73
Kuala' Lumpur
119
Belgrade
29
Dhahraa
74
Kuwait,
120
Belize
30
Djakarta
75
Lagos
12.1
Belo Horizonte
31
DubLin
76
Lahor
122
Benghazi
32
Duxbaa
77
144 Paz
123
Berlin
33
Dusseldorf
Le Hayr,e
124
Bern
34
Edkeiburgh
79
Leopoldville
125
Bilb?
35
Edmonton
80
Lima
126
Birmingham
36
Elioabethville
31
Lisbon
127
BogotP
37
Florerle
82
Liverpool
128
Bombay
38
Frankfurt
83
129
Bonn
39
FreetowG.n
84.
Loztd.0.11,
130
Bordeaux
Brasilia
40
41
Fukuoka
85
86
LourencoMarqn
Luanda
ea 131
132
Brazzaville
42
Genoa
87
Luxembourg
133
Bremen
43
Georgeto=
88
Lyon
134
Brisbane
44
Glasgow
89
Madras
135
Brussels
45
Goteborg
90
Madrid
136
CONFIDENTIAL
(Security Classification)
_
am roes. i$?II. .8
82 eld
ORIGINs
INR
? INFO ?
AP'
ARA
JR
MCA
A/RP
CIA
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE INSTRUCTION
ad c 1*98
CONFIDENTIAL
SUBJECT:
ICD/1L13 ?
20 copies
TO
CA.6262.1) January 25; 29611
Transmittal of Handbooks "Guide for Graphics Coordinators"
All American Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Reference is made to 4 FSM 942, issued in revised form on
July 259 13600 which explains the needs of United States Government
agencies for photographic coverage of foreign areas and briefly de-
scribes the procedures to be followed in providing such photographs
to the Department for a central file in the Graphics Register of the
Central Intelligence Agency.
During the past two years the Graphics PrOgram has proved to be
an outstanding success. Experience has shown, however, that many
questions of a similar nature are being raised by Graphics Coordina-
tors. It was felt9 therefore, that a handbook containing additional
basic instructions with more detailed information on photographic
needs and photography in general would useful. ?
It will be noted that the enclosed handbook has been assembled
in three sections, classified "Confidential", "Official Use Only"
and "Unclassified". Gra)hics Coordinators are requested to remove
the staple from the outer cover of all copies, mediate upon
receia. Thus the unclassified portion may be carried on photo-
graphic trips while the classified portions must remain in secure
premises. The classified portions describe the Program and the
subjects of general photographic interest in all areas while the
unclassified section on basic technical aspects of photography is
designed to present a simplified summary of the more important
phases of picture taking in non-technical language.
Additional copies of subject handbook may be obtained upon
request.
Enclosure:
:42
DRAFTED BY:
Handbook: "Guide for Graphics Coordinators"
(See attached list)
CONFIDIMTI AL
CLEARANCES:
ARA?P
--Ltib1W ?
a Pa as a
AF-
APPROVED BY:
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I?Post
Managua
Manchester
Manila
Maracaibo
Marseille
Martinique
Matamoros
Medan
Medellin
Melbourne
Merida
Meshed
Mexicali
Mexico, D.F.
Milan
Mogadiscio
Monrovia
Monte Carlo
Monterrey
Montevideo
Montreal
Moscow
Munich
Murree
Nagoya
Nairobi
Naples
Nassau
New Delhi
Nice
Nicosia
Nogales
Nuevo Laredo
Oporto
Oalo
Ottawa
Palerne9
Panama
Paramaritee
Paris
Penang
Perth
Peshawar
Phnom Penh
Piedras Negras
Ponta Delgada
Jr 25a 1961 2
PAGE
!1I2 NAM #3 CONFIDENTIAL
Copy NO._
137
138
139
140
141
142
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145
146
147
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149
150
151
152
153
154
355
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
a69
1,70
171
1,72
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
18]
182
(Security Classification)
Post
Port-auPrince
Port Elizabeth
Port Said
Porto Alegre
Port-of-Spain
Poznan
Prague
Pretoria
Puerta la Cruz
Quebeo
Quito
Rabat
Rangoon
Reeife
Reykjavik
Rio de Janeiro
Rome
Rotterdam
Saigon
Saint John
St. joha's
Salisbury
Salvador
Salzburg
San Jose
San Mar.ino
San Pedro Sm14e
San Salvador
Santiago
Santos
Sao Paulo
Sapporo
Sarajevo
Seoul
Seville
Singapore
Sofia
Southampton
Stockholm
Stre6bourg
Stuttgark
Surabaya
Sava
Sydney
Tabrie
Taipel
C2px_No..,
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
19?
198
199
200
201
202,
203
204.
205
206
207
208
209
210
211.
212
213
214
216
271'7
218
219
220
2'='L
222,
223
224
225
226
22?
228
CONFIDENTIAL
(Security Classification)
SS I
DIstribution of Handbook'
Taiz
Tampico -
Tananarive
Tangier
Tegucigalpa
Tehran
Tel Av
Thessaloniki
Tijuana
Tokyo
Toronto
Trieste
Tripoli
Tunis
!Marta
Vaduz
Valencia
Valletta
Vancouver
Venice
Veracruz
Vtenna
Vientiane
Vigo
Wacsaw
Welangton
Winds=
Wienineg
Yaonnde
Yokohamet
Zagreb
Zurich
Copy_Ns. -1
229
230
231
232
233
2,314
235
256
237
238
239
24o
241
242
245
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
255
234
255
256
257
258
250
260
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CO Ndkr- 114
Chief, Graphice Register, OCe
Chief, Photoexaph Branch
Orin, Development, and Preaent Status of the
Graphics Coordiaator Program
ILLEGIB
Historical BacAntlad
The Graphics Collection Program :wee first officially recognized
by the Department of State with the issuance of Foreign Service
Seriallee. 388 or August 5, 1948 to all Anerican Diplomatic ana
Consular Ctfieere. This instruction produced little response during
the year following its issuance. Follow-up similar letters were
sent out to 140 Itote on October 20, 1949, and on January 5, 1951.
In December, 1951, at the request of Ross Tegersoll of /AD, Depart-
at of State, we prepared a deen of photograebdc requirements for
inelusion in a revision of the Foreige Service Manual. The resultant
Chapter 942 on Collection of Photogrephs was an official recognition
ley the Department that the Graphics Program: was of sufficient im-
pOrtance to warrant whatever aesietence could be provided by the
Foreiga Service. A fey Posts wrote to the Department offering their
services with reference to FSR 942 and some of these Posts became
very active and continuous contributors. However, most of the
Collection activity was a result of person to person contact, it
. briefing of a few outeping Foreige Service personnel by Graphics
Realeter, and the provision of eameras, film, and collection
gpidance to those officers we deemed to have the most collection
potential.
In 1957, through. the cooperation and initiative of F. Robert
Bella ICD/CLB we began a programa briefing all outgeiag FSO's?
offering esmems, flame etc. in a general attempt to place as may
participents as possible in each major geceeeehic area. Within
one year we were successful in selling the Graphics Program to 55
active participants.
23 tairett 1961
Because the Graphics Program was being conducted on a person
to person relationship, frovently without the knowledge of the
Chief of Mission, ane same on a completely voluntary "metre-
curricelea? basis, it soon beeane evident that there were maey
disetvantages ani pitfelle ender such procedure. Mr.
then advanced the iien of baying a Grephica Coeediaator at each
Pont. Bo further explored the Idea during his African trip in
?
22 -T222 222?22
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the summer of 19').6 and feanU that the Chiefs oI ?llusion welcomed
the plan. Od h1s retu,..A I dicnsued his experience with
lof 0C3. and it vas agreed that circular instructions
ahould be sent to all Posts maw:sting that Granllics Coordinators
be appointed. In collaboration with Graphics Register, circular
instructions we;:e prepared. by CUES and sent to the field as fallatni: /
African posts - Oct. 29; Near East - Oct. 30, Far at - Oct. 21,
Latin America - Nov. 28, Europe - Dec. 3, and iron Curtain posts - I
Feb. 18, 1959.
In March, 1960, we were notified by the Dept.1,tment that the
Foreign Service Manual was being revised and that the size of the
Graphics Register contribution had to be reduced from 11 paps to
3 pages. In comelyiao with this request it was decided that much
information of value to the Graphics Coordinator would be deleted
from the Foreiga Service Manual. Accordingly; a handbook, entitled
"Guide for Graphics Coordinators" was prepared by Graphics Register
to taclude much of the ingoemation deleted frcee the Manual end an
additional section on the technical aapects of photography. Copies
of the Handbeokyexe sent to 260 posts under an Instruction of
January 25, 1961.
As of 21 March 1961 there were 165 active posts in the Graphics
Coordinator Program., Graphics Coordinators have been officially
designated 135 of these posts. An additional 69 Foretop, Service
Officers marticipate in the Program to give a total of 204 collectors.
Intidentally, 35 of the part-time Publications Officers and 5 full-
time Publicattoas Officers are also designeted as Graphics Coordi-
nators. One huadrod and seveaty-two cameras, 31 light neters and
9 supplementary lenses are at present assigned to these Foreign
Service Officers.
We feel that the Program is an outstanding success because of
the enthusiasm of the participants. We have also found that the
only way to eeoeader this interest and to keep it alive is to
correspond frequir-ntly with the Graphics Coordinator, supply him
with meaningful specific requirements, and evaluate and comma on
each of his contributions. Apropos of our Interest in frequent
communication, since January 1, 1961 we have been in touch with
103 of the 165 active posts.
'Our statistics for fiscal year 1960 show a total of 34,186
photographs received through the Graphics Coordinator Program. A
fair examples of some of the more interesting receipts during the
Past few months follow:
a. A collection of 8,000 recent date photos on the Belgian
Con was purchased through the Graphics Coordinator in
Brussels.
A-marrecnI Crse AZnici_n_ccs Orla7/Cl5fi1 1 ? rs I A n jag oTnn..2.7 -uzahrin I(vino nni n
?
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The Grephies Co,).1.cilaator in New ;)elhi, v'ho is also Geographic
Attache travels a great deal tuld seadzi .La a lArge volene of
pbetogremhy tn enuvcr to our Tequiremnts. Ye recently
traveled in Afehanistan, Nepal, Iran and Ceylon.
c. The Graph:Lcs Coord:Lnator in Chienai, 'ateiland has been
very setive eeece the i'irr?It of tee year In providing
valueble coveratee or.: terrain fuel rocele
in the Laotian eed
Burma border teeee.
d. In South Viet Nae, theGraphict; Cooliiinators in Hee aed
Saigoe have been supplying excellent photogrephy in response
to our requixemeete on roade 3. coaetal areas.
e. The biggest area deleciency in photogral*y is, or course,
Commeniet China. Yortunetely, jack Friednan, the Plication
Officer in gong Koag has develoeed a new source, The China
News Service. This photography is ndt available from auy
other source and hes added eubatantially to the existiag
coverage on Communist China.
f. The Graphite Coordinator in Khorremeleer continues a erogram
begun about 2 years ago in which he provides Photogeaptry on
Soviet ship move:mats through that irauien port.
g. The new Graphics Coordinator in Freetown, Sierra Leone, hog
provided three aerial photos of Freetown with completely
annotated overlays..
interesting and valuable ehipments have beceme routine now that
we have developmi proper "feed back" to the collectors. Many Coordi-
nators notify us of their travel plane so we can provide additional
collection guidanee and additional photographic oupplies. Some
Coordinators never take el pictuee but serve as a reference pellet for
all Llabesey travelers. This has been the case In Rangoon and Vientiane
where, over the past two years, we have acquired outeteneing photo-
graphic collections. Other Graphics Cooreinetors hsee provided us
eith valuable source loads for further exeloitation by the Office of
Operations. Ti order to prevent duplication of effort, collection
requirements are coordineted with Service Attaches at certain posts.
We are called on by the Depextment of :tate to sebnit evaluations
of graphics activities for the useof Porei ervice Inspectors. We
find this a convenient chanaa through which to extend Headquartere
appreciation and commendation for some of the fine work being done
for us. Letters of Commendation have also heed written for a few
Oraphice Coorlinatore.
217i;r'
ir51
j44
hinnnnn,4,
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OFFICE OF THE COLLECTOR
DarnucT No. 10
ADM= REPLY TO
Col/ACTOR OP CUSTOMS
?
2.5X1
'SECRET.'
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
BUREAU OF CUSTOMS
NEW YORK 4. N.Y.
There is transmitted herevith .a memorandum linich rt7.17 be of
some interest to you.
7,nclosure
r..lincereli yours,
I ',7!.r r 17-71i1411 -67
Demity
II rent II II rues mouses
IN REPLY ROAR TO
Pt'
YOUR MLA
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SECRET
MaiORANDUM
Although the program involving the detention of communist propaganda
was discontinued in April Of 1961 by EXeCutive Order of the President,
such materials received at the port of New !OA continue to be sub-
jected to Custom examination. Because of the interest of Government
agencies in whether there: was any change in the volume of such material
sent to the. United States from the Soviet-Bloc countries after the
discontinuance date, an analysis has been made of the available eta-
tistics for the month of June 1961. Such statistics are available
only through the port of New ;forks, since this 13 the only control unit
presently operating, and a total of 682,822 packages of mail was
obServed. It is estimated that these packages contain 216922 individ-
ually printed pieces of communist propaganda.
By comparison, in June of 1960, the control unit at New York reported
a total of 110.101 mail Paaages containing 1 7O1871 pieces of
communist propaganda. Thus, the figures ctual1y show a falling off
of the shipment ofecommenist propaganda to this area.
The above figures do not reflect the receipt in the mails of Redefection
material since this type of printed matter is in the first, class mails.
The Redefection material continues at the rate of 1250010 letters per
month.
By comparison with other available statistics this drop off is not
unusual and may reflect only the fact that there was no vital political
issues before the American public Which the Soviet propaganda machine
wishes to interpret. There have been low receipt months in other years.
Based upon a five year study of the records, 1960 has been the peek
year for the shipment of political communist propaganda from the Soviet-
Bloc countries to the United States.
Thus it may be of interest, to note that the volume received in June 1961
consisted 'only of 5z of that Which was received in June 1960, 7;7--
June 1960 there waiThowever, an increase of 2/41 over june 1 9; and
if we compare the 1961 figures with the 1z22. itiaetics we find an
increase in JuneOn-over June 1959 of approximately 801.
For further review the figures for the periods January-June 19611 January-
June 1960, and January-June 1959 are listed below. It will be noted that
-
2
SECRET
7 ? ? '1 .111 rose 111?11,
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in the first six months of 1961 there was a drop off of over 4CX
in the volume of political propaganda noted at New York insofar
as the 1960 figures reflect. Of course, comparing the 1961
figures -Tal the 1959 figures, there is indicated a 100rincrease.
Period
Packages
Pieces
January-June 1961
3,959,843
5,405)867
January-June 1960
6,425,696
9,02,259
January-June 1959
1,626,931
2,751,071
A Y1 .11Ge1 " I ^,
?
C770 PVT
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ADDREbS OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS TO
THE-SECRETARY OF STATE
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.
CONFIDENTIAL
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
WASHINGTON
September 20, 1961
MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD
SUBJECT: Collection of Foreign Photographs (4 FSM 942)
This will confirm the meeting held in my office on August 7,
1961 for the purpose of discussing proposed changes in the
Graphics Program.
In order to eliminate undesirable duplication and to effect
greater efficiency in carrying out the intent of the Program, tenta-
tive agreement was reached on the following proposals:
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1. Delegation of Authority
2. Handling of Correspondence
CONFIDENTIAL
? ?
Departmentls
? ? ? ii....
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3. Clearances
In accordance with Departmental regulations, particularly
sensitive communications or communications levying require-
ments on the Foreign Service must be cleared with the ap-
propriate geographic (policy) bureaus of the Department.
INVOS/ILB will retain the responsibility for Obtaining such
clearances.
4. Evaluations
25X1 The handling of evaluations of the performance of the
various posts under the Program will remain unaffected.
When details have been worked outl will
be given
DS-7 signature cards and the above procedures ua be put into effect.
Mit
,A ? ? ?
William McAfee
Director, Coordination Staff
CONFIDENTIAL
A
? ?
11140
1-1
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ACTIVITY REPORT
I. PROCESSING
Page .2
A. Items Processed or Filed
Films Indexed. let Quarter F11961
1st Quarter FY1962
clumul at iVE1
Analyses Added
292
?11
Analyses Deleted
67
11
11,932
Document Abstracts Indezzd
146
221
Document Abstracts Deleted
84
4,581
5,011
Prints and Subjects Accessioned
Prints
152
243
Prints Deleted
97
55
7,945
Subjects
141
173
Subjects Deleted
59
55
6,019.
Photo,PAILU144L(1MASST) Received
Accessioned
Received Accessioned
USSR 13,720
SS/G 3,445
FE/P 8,371
3,356
933
4,224
9,730 4,948
6,002
1103:T51 1,750
NE/A 14,291
WE/WH 5,169
Personalities 11,233
3925361
2_19.52
;:96g
6,051 1,364
15,284 66208
TOTALS 56,229
20,246
55,637 20,828
20g828*
Cumulative total is for accessioned photographs only during FY1962.
Ground Photographs Deleted: 329
Personality Photographs Deleted: 0
Total Ground Photography Available: 543,985
Total Personality Photography Available: 186,336
SEC-R.E.T
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ACTIVITY REPORT continued)
II. SERVICES
A. Services Supplied
CIA
Non-CIA
TOTAL
I.
Photo Branch
let Quarter FY1961
1,254
1,116
2,370
let Quarter F11962
1,306
1,121
2427
% Increase or Decrease
+4
+2.4
2.
Film Branch
let Quarter liY1961
802
131
1st Quarter FY1962
887'
Al
1198
% Increase or Decrease
+10.5
137.4
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page 3
PhaocirgehUER21.10
Iffisamiler FY196I
let Quarter F71 62
a -
incLeess or Decrease
CIA Collection
US IB Collections
Total
Fling Furnished or Shown
60,271
22.1.6.96
89,967
7E,986
16 2LP
93,215
+22
-46
Presentations
Loans
Total
251
1 119
355
/ 165
+41.4
-4.1
1,370
1,520
B. Examples of Outstanding Service or Support
1. Nessrs.1 briefed participants
Service Institute on the Graphics Coordinator Program on 25 August 1961.
in ths Administrative Operations Course of the Foreign
2. Messrs.
attended an RCA Seminar on Videotape in Condon, New Jersey, 19-22 September.
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ACTIVITY REPORT (continued)
II. SERVICES (contonued)
B. Examples of Outstanding Service or Support (continued)
3. As a result of high priority procurement and processing by the Photo Branch of photography taken at
the Tushino Air Show in Moscow, a large volume of black and white prints and color transparencies
were furnished to meet the requirements of DCI, ORR, OSI, NPIC and interested offices in the Department
of Defense. The Branch received special commendations from ORR and OSI for services rendered. In
addition, CBS, NBC and Hearst newsreel coverage of the Soviet 9 July aviation display at Tushino was
assembled by the Film Branch and presented to an audience of 4, persons representing this Ageney,
Army and the Air Force. Immediately following that presentation, short "crash" loans of the 211m
were made for the meekly briefings of the Under Secretary of the Army and of the Air Force, and of
the Joint Chiefn of Staff. AFCIN, ACSI, ONI and ATM. units were serviced quickly for evaluation of
,the aircraft. Meanwhile Film Branch proceded with the preparation of an edited ten-minute version
of the best footage from the newsreels. Multiple prints of the edited version were distributed on
long-term loans to all interested components of this and other intelligence agencies.
4. The Film Branch edited extensive footage on recent Cuban developments to support a series of briefings
sponsored by the Secretary of State's Special Operations Staff. Many news stories were combined into
a new treatment for this purpose.
5. Through direct arrangements with the major television networks, Film Branch secured on short loan
basis the videotapes of the Moscow and Havana May Day Parades. These were presented at four
showings at the Pentagon for 001, OCR, OSI, NPIC, Army and Air Force.
Inoluded in receipts from the Graphics Coordinator Program were several excellent rolls of film from
Israel. Requirements for photos of several industrial installations and the Jordan-Negev pipeline
irrigation system were very satisfactorily answered. During this period specific requirements
guidance lists were prepared and sent to Foreign Service posts in Libya, Johannesbur Iran, Turkey
Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland and Argentina. In addition, the Photo Branch furnished,
with
comprehensive specific photographic requirements on Turkey, Iran, Honduras, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Senegal, Southern and Nei-thorn Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Sudan, Tunisia, Upper Volta, Ghana,
Malaya. Cambodia_ Rnd smith Vietnam. Seventy-seven copies of each list were provided for dissemination
These requirements reflected the composite needs of USIB offices for BIS
and operational studies.
S-E-C-R-E-T
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Chief, Graphic4eister, OCR
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CF(7),, 7"
6
*dim. 4.444. 4
MEMORANDUM FOR: Deputy Director (Intelligence)
VIA ?
Executive Officer, DCI
3 October 1961
SUBJECT Photographic Requirements for the
Office of the DCI
1. As you are aware, there have been discussions going on for
several months on how best to provide rapid and efficient photo-
graphic service to the Office of the Director in the new building.
In the past, the major burden of this work has been carried on by the
Technical Services Division, DD/P, as well as the Graphics Register
of OCR. Since it is not presently planned that TSD move to the new
building, we have investigated the possibility of a photographer from
TSD sharing space in one of the photo labs designed for units moving
to the new building. It appears, however, that presently planned
space would not permit the efficient use of such a TSD photographer
at times other than those when he was undertaking work for the Office
of the Director.
2. It is, therefore, requested that Graphics Register accept
this responsibility after the move, and consult to the extent
necessary with the Office of the Director and with TSD to assure its
capability to meet requirements likely to arise. TSD for its part
stands ready to assist in any way in the transfer of this function.
25X1
cc: C/TSD Chief of Operations, DD/P /
CONCUR:
/s/
si ned 5 Oct 1961)
Executive Officer, DCI
Sr:CRET
A nt-In7rna /1 rs I A Dna. 1112 ..222 444 ? MM a
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MEMORANDUY FOR:
SUBJECT
REFERENCE
5 October 1961
Mr. William McAfee
Director, Coordination Staff, INR/CS
Graphics Coordinator Program
Your 1Memo for the Record of Jeptember
above subject.
20, 1961,
2. will work out the necessary implementing
detailsT procedures with Hr. Robert Berg of your office.
3. We believe that the streamlined procedures involved in
the proposal will further expedite communication between head-
quarters and the field, reflecting the effective cooperation and
coordination that has characterized our joint efforts in both
the establishment and development of a successful Graphics Program.
Distribution:
Orig & 1 - Addressee
2 - OD/CR
2 - GR/CR
OCR/GR
Paul A. Borel
Assistant Director
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,,,----,,,Awtmottiwtmowooptirtuppottominma 1111111011.MAtIO
CLUTRAL AGZI;CI
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viz civo OZco, ZCI, to M/1, datcd
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no=al 1-,:totozrc.phIc roquirr=to (FrcLctct2.c:: Auarda, oto.) oi
tho C:fioo or tho DCI, c.7.4 otoz.tu rczIdy to c.Qt thio roz2ozzco11it7.
Lhould c.47 rcquiroaclt. =,&od tho cQpailit? o: thGrv*hico
F6czictcz, It uill ccal upona iiiD/DD? :or t.ci rjtcohatcal
auaigtcao.
2. C:c2h1co Zr-iatcr u111 cc.--a?af Cf:ico a tho 1",=
alco =AZ? ralativa to tho 4G4ollo a: tho ta-azacr of tia
ruzpouaibility.
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BRIEFING DATA
GRAPHICS REGISTER
OFFICE OF CENTRAL REFERENCE
1. MISSION
To provide a central service of pictorial intelligence on
foreign areas, subjects and personalities for use by CIA and
other components of the intelligence community. This service
is based primarily on motion picture film and photographs to
support the operations, research, orientation and training
carried on by other components.
The Register participates in the formulation of requirements
which direct the collection of foreign pictorial information.
Selected material of intelligence significance is processed,
machine recorded, filed, indexed and crosc?referenced.
Especially significant material both for photographs and
motion picture film Is brought to the attention of interested
offices requesting such services.
Film editing, sound recording, nixing and transferring,
the supply and operation of audio visual equipment are attached
services. Service includes aseistance in the use of material
provided.
The extremely active interest of the intelligence community
in both motion pictures and still photographs is attributed to
the unexcelled ability of both to communicate clear, concise
information. The many differences in these two basic forms of
pictorial infomation have dictated a branch devoted to the
processing and servicing of each form. There is overlap, but
sources, processing controls, utilization and servicing aspects
are significantly different. Because of this, briefing data
Is presented separately for each branch.
2. ORGANIZATION CHARTS
See following pages.
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SECRET
GRAPHICS REGISTER. OCR
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF (6)
Chief
Deputy Chief
Sec. Steno.
PHOTO BRANCH (32)
Chief
Sec. Steno.
Support
Section
FILM B. CH (25)
Chief ?1
Sec. Steno.
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PHOTOGRAPH BRANCH
3.11_01.4_SL_PRERVICES AND VOLUME FIGURES
1958 1252 1960 (to 1 Dec.)
Requests Received 8,910 10,180 8)948
Photographs Furnished 288,186 412,990* 372,702
*281,979 photographs furnished from GR files.
131,011 photographs obtained by GR from Department of Defense for Agency
request ors.
4. .PRINCIPAL CONS WS AND USE FIGURES
CIA 54.1%
USIB 42.7%
Non-USIB 3.2%
liasos_119/.4_of GR Services
IN CIA
USIB NON-USIB USERS*
ORR Air Force Interior
PIC Army Agriculture
OSI State
DDP Navy
*Offices working Qn contributions to the NIS.
5. MAJOR PHOTOGRAPH BRANCH FILES
Master File Ground Photography 470,327
Semi-processed Ground Photography 13,953
Master File (personalities) 137,019
Semi-processed (porsonallties) 8,000
Color Slides
Total Photography in Active Use 634,299
45 7-drawer 5x8 cabinets
6 7-drawer 5x8 cabinets
5 4-drawer 8x10 cabinets
4 bookcase units
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Photography Retired for Obsolescence 387,851
Active Negative Files
Retired Negative Files
607,346
618,000*
25X1 *Includes negatives held for record purposes
many of which were never printed for the Master File.
Caption Reports
Source Records
Map Files
Reference Aids
26 10-drawer IBM cabinets
negatives,
1,225,346 11 7-drawer 5x8 cabinets
2 5e-drawer safe cabinets
6 5-drawer sections
55 bookcase sections
Some Top Secret material is kept separately from the major files. The
major files themselves contain materiel ranging through Secret. With few
exceptions all files are kept in secure vault areas to eliminate heavy,
costly, safe-type equipment, the weight of which could not be supported in
Building 14. (A najor saving is ale() the tine that would otherwise he
required to open and secure individual safe cabinets.)
The Master rile of ground photography contains the full range of
intelligence interests including covert, operational, sociological, propa-
ganda, industry, military, scientific, etc. It is organized on a geographic
basis; this is either a country, province, place or coordinate basis. The
latter is used for the Russian section and may be expanded to other countries.
Subject indexing is provided by a visible color tab syetem. All photographs
are 4x6 in size mounted on a 5x8 light weight card stock carrying the visible
index. The size chosen is optimum for ready inspectiori without optical aids,
at the same time economizing on cabinet and floor space requirements over
=real 8x10 photography.
A program is in effect to delete obsolete and duplicate material on a
continuing basis.
All Master File photographs are IBM indexed and machine listings can be
provided by any combination of area, subject, classification, etc. This
same machine record is an essential control and support of intelligence
photography at the Vital Materials Repository.
The personality fllo contains photographs of foreign individuals who
are significant, or likely te beceme significant, in the affairs of their
country. It is the largest such file In the intelligence community and is
unique in covering the full range of rltelligence interest. The Department
of State, DDP. and the Defense Departeemt are the Major users of this file.
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6. NAJOR STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
Graphics Register now has world-wide collection sources to provide
practically any coverage needed. Our resources are particularly strong on
USSR, Satellites, NE/A, and Far East countries. Laboratory processing time
has been reduced to 7 days on routine requests and the capacity for handling
high priority processing (2 or 3 days) is very satisfactory.
Photo services have greater depth than that indicated by statistics
on "requests received" and "photos furnished," although even this has
significance when we note that we have recorded our 70,000th request in
November of this year and have supplied over 2,549,516 photographs addition-
al services of significance include:
a. Research of Defense Agency photo holdings (aerial and ground) for
Agency requirements.
b. Technical assistance on use of photographs in publications, train-
ing in use of cameras.
c. Provide photographs for special projects.
d. High priority proceseing printing.
e. Briefing and debriefing of foreign travelers.
Major file weaknesses are on Western Europe and Latin American areas
where very little work has been done for the past several years. Although
large backlogs of excellent photography are available in the Division on the
NE/A and on WE/WH, only one analyst handles all the countries of the Near
East and Africa, and no one is assigned to WE/h. Most of our Tb O strength
is allotted to the Soy Bloc, CHIOOM and peripheral areas where, by use of
overtime, backlogs are held to a minimum.
From a source standpoint a major weakness is our inability to take
advantage of the valuable photo intelligence available in a large volume of
open source literature. This is a man-paver problem generally recognized by
photo intelligence users.
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FILM BRANCH
3. HaNCIPAL SERVICES AND VOLUME FIGURES
Average request per month (1960) for:
Loan films 225 (500 films)
Showing of films 60 (90 films)
Counseling on procurement and utilization of films 25
Intellofax tapes 18
Miscellaneous services -22
Total 350
Total requests by ye$r:
122 1.25.2 1960
3,526 4,048 4,210
4. PRINCIPAL CONSUMER AND USE FIGURES
Approximately one-third of the requests are from OTR.
Approximately one-sixth of the requests are from the DD/P.
Approximately one-sixth of the requests are from the USIB Agencies.
Approximately one-third are from the many other components.
roft requests are the most time consuming. This is because:
a. The average request is for a greater number of films than
requested by other components.
b. There are a higher percentage of long term leases and purchases
to be negotiated with source.
c. Films must be selected and negotiation has to be made with
source which will be in accordance with requestors plans for
utilization.
d. Coordination is necessary with liaison components of DD/P.
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5. MAJOR PlLE3
:
1,; r
L
Physical
Size Descrivtion
Security
Clast,ification
Maintenance
Se uence
Control
Requests 6 cubic feet
3 safe drawers thru Secret
Nunerically -with Manual
requesting office with visible
tabs
Motion Picture 1200 cubic feet 221x22' film
film (9700 films)at Hdqtrs. (6560 films) vault
11??????0????
870 cubic feet
at Records Center
0 films
870 boxes
thru Secret
thru 8ecret,
Accession number Library cards
Library cards
6 cubic feet
(24,500 cards)
Stand-up tub
file plus 4 safe
drawers
thru Secret
(a) retention
films by acces-
sion number
(9700 cards)
(b) borrowed films
by title
14.000 cards
Manual
with visible
tabs
Film insoection 6 cubic feet
cards (9,700 cards)
3 safe drawers
thru Secret
Accession number Namual
(Inspection records with visible tabs
for borrowed films
are destroyei after
0 d
Intellofax (IBM)
cards*
12 cubic feet
(44,166 cards)
safes Thru
(to be replaced by
teady Locate" file
In new building)
ecret
(a) film nunber
(19,733 cards)
(b) film title
(19,733 cards)
(c) most used
.700 cards
on unpunched IBM cards, Punched cards for machine retrieval and intellofax copies are
maintained by the Machine Division. They have one deck of 4,130 cards for area and one deck of 137,000 cards
for subject.
* Film
summaries
(Manual
with visible
tlbs
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The film nuMber and the film title files of intellofax cards will
remain constant at about 20,000 for each file because cards for obsolete
and non-used films are deleted in the same proportion that new ones are
added- The Machine Division has 137,000 cards in the subject file since
there is an average of almost seven subject cards for each of the 20,000
cards. The Machine Division has only 4,130 cards in the area file
because most films are not applicable to a specific area.
The 4,700 cards in the "most used" file are broken down as follows:
Tradecraft
1,100
Missiles
400
USSR and Satellites
1,000
Area File
2,200
The difference between the 4,130 area cards in the Machine Division and
the 2,200 in the most used file is because only cards for the best and
most accessible films are in the manualTiles.
A fifth category of most used films is ...ow being prepared. There
will be a few hundred cards in the file on Communiem and the Police State.
There a very few top secret films; the last one was received in
1953. Most of the films of intelligence value are classified Secret and
have the caveat of "Intelligence Components Only/No Dissemination Abroad".
? II
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6. OR D I4EAKNESSES IN PRSEN STp4
The Intellofax System is admirably suited to retrieval of detailed
information. However, the great majority of Film. Branch requesters, to
date, have sought films of a comprehensive nature for training and area
orientation. The relatively few comprehensive films on any one subject
or area can generally best be handled by "select" subject and area files.
For example: (a) Soviet films on Science; (0) area orientation in North
Africa; (c) Training films on medicine. The disadvantage of the "select"
files system is that there is no method for easily and rapidly reproduc?
ing copies of abstracts for the requestor. This, however, may be over?
come by more convenient access to Machine Division special equipment in
the new building.
The loan and recall of commercially leased films borrowed by DD/F
offices for use at field installations is a. different type of problem.
It requires careful documentation and considerable correspondence, taking
much of the time of one Graphics Analyst whose primary assignment is to
service requests.
There is a need for machine control of prints (copies) of each
motion picture acceseioned. Factors that should be controlled mechani?
cally are long term due dates, utilization, on hand" prints, storage
requirements, and costs. At present, the manual selection and listing
of film is too time consuming to be done adequately. The feasibility
of IBM control ha o been studied and preliminary steps taken for pilot
runs with punched cards and machine listings.
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