(SANITIZED)USSR GUIDED MISSILE DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A005900050009-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Sequence Number: 9
• Content Type: REPORT

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This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY USSR (Kalinin, Moscow Oblast s)/Ge REPORT
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
Development
C's
D1"d1341
Q~p~~~ ~.~OO Q QUO 00( REPO
DATE DISTR. 4 March 1955 25X1
NO. OF PAGES 55
REQUIREMENT NO. RD
REFERENCES
This is UNEVALUATED
Information
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MFORA&UMN
INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
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ZEISS Group
19. This group worked on an electromagnetic stabilization device for power
packs of the order of 10 Kw. output. They also did some work on ultra-sonic
generators of large power; this work was theoretical and the Germans were unable
to discover from the Russians in what media the ultra-sonic emission was to be
propagated ; the " magneto-striction " principle was employed. The German
KORTUM vas working on this device. An ultra-sonic filter,
which he cl v oped himself, was subsequently found to have been
based on the description of a similar item which appeared in a U.S.A. magazine.
20. Another task given to the group in this period was the construction of an
astronomical reflecting telescope using a 22-meter diameter mirror. This work was
carried out by Dr. KUHNE (?) of Zeiss and PFAFF, now in Jena. They also
worked on an automatic device for control of this telescope to follow a star, thus
permitting photographs to be taken over a long period of time.
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Other Information
21. Security.-Secret papers, 'including the Germans' own working papers,
were kept in sealed portfolios and had to be taken out from security store and
returned each half-day-morning and afternoon. Papers had to be listed
was sometimes checked. Pavers could not be taken out of the institute.
23. Influx of Personnel.-The members of the Russian group which came to
the Island in 1951 to familiarise themselves with the work, with a view to taking
over, were almost all young engineers apparently straight from Technical School
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cTTmF.n WFAPfN PRATF.CTC
(a) Ballistics of the Warhead.
Four types of warhead designed or experiments with
rocket. They were to be separable and space was allowed for the
carriage in the warhead of telemetering equipment and measuring
instruments. The experimental firings were intended to provide data
on separation and behaviour of the warhead after fuel cut off, on
stability and acceleration, and on heating at re-entry. One or more
of the heads was to be of wood or to have a wooden liner, the intention
being to measure the amount of burning which took place
in the terminal part of the trajectory.
Some waterchannel experiments were carried out in order to obtain
aerodynamic data on the sepa
(b) Constructional Investigations.
(i) Some motors were got ready at NII. 88 for. static tests which were
done on the Island. These were of the original A-4 type. The
tests were intended to be part of the constructional proving
programme.
(ii) A series of tests were drawn up to prove the whole rocket body.
A typical item in this series was the test intended to obtain
data on pre-launch cooling. Full-scale models of parts of the
rocket were also made at NIL 88.
(iii) A series of firing tests were proposed. These were to be carried
out using the R-10 design of body but with an A-4 motor
modified (shortened and with increased fuel flow) to suit the
R-10 requirements. The motor was to give 32 ton (32000 Kg)
thrust but a separate gas generator was to be used (i.e., no gas
bleed from combustion chamber to turbines). There was to be
no change in the cooling arrangements.
(iv) A programme of tests was proposed for such items as handling,
fueling, loading, on trucks, &c. A modified form of transporter
was proposed,
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. 31. Warhead.-There were two warheads proposals. That proposed by the
Germans was to be of wood, but the Russians asked for a design in steel.
the designs called for a wall thickness of 40 mm. for the
wooden warhead and for 20 mm. plus some insulating liner in the case of the steel
warhead. Both were cylindrical and separable, and on separation, the front fairing
cone was to be blown off in both cases. The weight of explosive was to be adjusted
so that the total weight of head would be. the same in the two cases. Since, for
the form of warhead proposed, the velocity at impact would be only -a few hundred
n of a kinetic. energy contribution does not arise.
t one time ALBRING had considered designing a
warhead which would provide for a laminar flow so as to increase speed. (It is not
clear whether this was for the R-10 or the R-14.) The possibility of cooling the
warhead by means of water or other liquid was also considered, but no work was
done on this.
33. Guidance.-There was to have been no essential difference between the
system used for the, R-10 and that used for the R-14, except that owing to the
height of the R-14 trajectory, the Germans were aware of the possibility of
difficulties in radio propagation through the upper layers of the atmosphere.. The
actual guidance aerials were to have been located in the rim of the rear skirt but
the final positioning of these would have been a matter for decision
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R-15 Project
36. Guidance. some radio control was necessary to the 25X1
R-15 but it would prove a very difficult problem. This view was also expressed to
ALBRING by PREIKSCHAT. Small conferences were held to discuss the
guidance question and other points at which only Germans were present. There
were, however, conferences with Russians (unknown) who visited the Island to
discuss the R-15. The use of clandestine transmitters was an old PeenemUnde idea,
but of little use to the A-4 (or R-10). This idea may have been revived in talks
on the R-15 which was more suitable for this type of 25X1
U-..,. t-^?+n inrhieiari in the R-1 S ri nnrtc cent to Mnccnw
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R-10 Control System (fig. 8.
52. The ' gyroscopic stabilising system to be employed in the R-10 project
did not differ basically from that of the A-4.
91 an edited version of the rough sketch
Small gyroscopes which have previously . been variously
ly tied turn indicators," "electrical spring rate .gyroscopes "
and " mixing gyroscopes " are employed to measure rates of change in the angles
of missile pitch, yaw and roll. The gyros are electro-magnetically restrained by
suitable field windings. Voltages proportional to instantaneous position of the
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gyro axes are picked off small centre tapped potentiometers and these outputs are
integrated through RC networks. The outputs for each axis are fed into a mixing
unit thus giving rough values of heading plus rate of change of heading in the
.pitch and yaw signals. The rate gyroscope is considered adequate for roll
stabilisation as it is estimated that an error in roll of up to 10? is tolerable before
any significant steering error develops.
.54. The pitch and yaw gyro field windings are arranged to receive input
command signals from a programme rotary time switch for about twenty seconds
after firing. This programme steers the missile into the fixed " axis " of the ground
receiver antenna array. The ground command system then takes over and
command signals are fed to the two gyroscopes via the airborne receiver.
Command signals (at a different level) are likewise fed to the mixing unit, first
by the programme switch and later by the airborne receiver.
55. The only items which are new in the above arrangements as compared
with, the A-4 are the small (" MARKGRAF ") gyroscopes and the capacity
integrating networks. The essential dilyerence between the system described and
that for the A-4 rocket is that in this case the accuracy of steering is dependent
on the command control guidance system; the gyroscopes' function is solely the
ahillity
maintenance of missil
56. The facility for altering the 25X1
R-10 co trol constants as altitude varies was not in fact included in the German
design. such a facility should be required it 25X1
could easy a incorpora e . for'example, potentiometers in the 25X1
field winding circuits of the azunu and elevation gyroscopes. These
potentiometers could be programmed to vary the control constants appropriately
altitude changed.
57. Five sets of the gyroscope units for R-10 control were built. These were
inte ded for test in A-4 4 rockets after Bahnmodell experiments had been completed.
At th , time, since the radio system was not then completed, the gyro units were
to have'been arranged as for the old A-4 system, the radio units being incorporated
later. Ili, fact, no actual experiments were done by the Germans.
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SRCRE, T
F.-Materials and Materials Testing
X2. GOST standards were used throughout all work
Some materials were very good, some bad, but standards were for the
most part maintain4UNC adhesives, paints and bakelites as being
generally of a high quality and when questioned specifically on these, cited
QUESSEL'S work on an electro magnetic clutch (paragraph 7). The adhesive
used in assembling the laminated steel core was prepared by mixing two
constituents, was black in colour and very strong. A universal adhesive in general
use was KL 3 or 4 (or, perhaps KF 3 or 4). It was plastic-based and yellowish in
colour. An organic solution similar to, shellac was also in use as an adhesive.
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83. I the Germans had discussions 25X1
with the Russians on the use of specia materials. For example, IORDANSKIY
and another Russian (KISILEV) were interested in the development of a corrosion
resistant steel suitable for use in, say, fuel line valves.
84. At both Bleicherode and Soemmerda, the Germans had di~'nssPd amnn?
themselves the possibility of using wood in rocket construction.
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90. In 1946-47, FERCHLAND did some work on a project for a missile
testing laboratory. This project was to include provision for a vibration testing gear
suitable for testing vibrations in the frequency s ectrum 0 to 50 cycles, and having
amplitudes of up to 2 mm.
L-General
Published Literature
91. Scientific periodicals Were readily. made available in the library on the
Island, and Russian technical books could easily be obtained. The library was
very up to date. POBEDONOSTSEV had a copy of a classified report on rockets,
compiled just before the end of the war.
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92. Among papers published by the Institute of Automatics and Tele-
mechanics, papers by SOLODOVNIKOV, who was 25X1
interested in problems of stability of control systems, and by TSYPKIN, who was;
interested in the non linear mathematics of control problems.
93. There ' was said- to be a very large bureau in Moscow, responsible for
translating foreign Scientific papers. Also, translators in factories could make
contracts with the bureau for translation work.
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ORGANISATION AND ESTABLISHMENTS
Ministry of Armaments
e responsibility tor research and development in the guidance eld. tor example
might be that of the Ministry of Communications Equipment. In this connection
it may be significant that in 1951 there seemed.to be a shift of emphasis to guidance
work. For instance, RYAZANSKIY, previously with the. Ministry of
Communications, took over POBEDONOSTSEV's work at.-NII.88; at the same
time HOCH replaced Source as Head.of the German group. on the Island..
7th Chief Directorate
97.
he offices
is Directorate were located in a large building on Gorki Street
identified from the German -
Ministry of Armament building.
KURGANOV is elieved to have succ ded
SPIRIDONOV as Chief Engineer of the Directorate. the
Directorate was responsible for research and development, possible
that it would also cover large-scale production.
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Previous mention of the " Minister's representative " is now known to have referred
to the Director of the responsible Chief Directorate-in this case the 7th.
N.T.S. (Nauchnyy Tekhnicheskn Sovet)
8. Membership.-The only ossible additional member
was KHARCHE who wore Air Force uniform.
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100. Functions.-Not might suggest that N.T.S. met
elsewhere than at NII. 88. the N.T.S. would be responsible 25X1
for all Guided Missile work and at least some unguided rockets. 25X1
Should this be not so then some at least might be expected o e 25X1
members of any other responsible committee; The only evidence was that all
services and a number of other ministries and academies were represented on the
N.T.S. While some of the NII.88 members were believed to have been away
together at given times, it did n t follow that this would be fora N.T.S.
Cnnference in some other lace. 25X1
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POBEDONOSTSEV. Fig: 1 shows the approximate location of these on a small-
scale sketch map of the Moscow area. The locations involved were : -
109. Bolshevo.-The " camp " was in a very large, old, pre-revolution house
situated five minutes from the station; it was jet to -the Ministry of Armaments
by the Film Ministry (photos will be made available) Fig. 2 is a rough diagram
to illustrate the position relative to the railway station.
110. Valentinovka.-- The camp
consisted 25X1
re-revolutionary buildings, part of
Ministr likened to a " Cabinet Ministry." 25X1
it was a I pure y residential area. 25X1
(Photos will be made available.) Fig. 3-is-F- showing the position 25X1
of the " Soviet Ministry " building relative to the local station.
111. Mamentovka.--There were two separate locations here. Mamentovka 1
was occupied by German scientists from Zeiss, Jena 25X1
Mamentovka 2, formerly " The House of Mamentovka " was occupied by Germans
from Bleicherode This building was, he thou ht' ~rented by 25X1
the Ministry of Armament from some other Ministry. Fig. 4 is U sketch 25X1
illustrating the position relative to the railway line.
112. Pushkino a small place in which only people 25X1
.of minor importance were accommodated.
113. Monino.-This location was in a very large building. The people both
lived and had their work rooms in this building; it was under the Ministry of
Communications Equipment.
114. Il'inskoye. 25X1
Here the Germans lived in small houses and bunLyalows_ rented by the Ministry of
115. Zagorsk.-The largest size of test stand originally planned was,
for 30 to 35 ton thrust engines. However, it is quite possible that lafger
test stands were contemplated. JAFFKE and PAUER were associated in the
development plans and in 1947 they visited the proposed site near. a village which
had in it an " old church," which was " visited by tourists." JAFFKE would not
talk about it. It was " TOP SECRET." SUKHOMLINOV went
to Zagorsk.
116. K.B.2.--~ I The term Konstruktsionnoe
Byuro is very ordinary; such an office would exist in practically all factories, and
the number would have significance only within the actual works. It could occur
several times within a single Ministry, i.e., at different sites. The K.B. at NIL 88
worked on the building layout for the Island.
117. Khimki (Engine factory).-The only work in
connection with Khimki (of which GLUSHKO was Director) was in connection
with the building of a test stand for a 25-30-ton motor.
a . -ton engine
was eing const ere at e es enDete ore a ermans were eported, and
=any work on such a project which might have been carried out at Khimki
nrobably stemmed from this earlier work.
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21
120. Airfields.-There was a large civil airfield near Khimki or on the road
to Khimki or Kalinin; it may have been on the left-hand .side of the road from
Moscow and there was a Metro station nearby. There was also a small military
airfield somewhere along the route from the centre of Moscow to Pushkino.
be strange if it were not subordinate to the Ministry of Communications, since
many of the Germans believed to be employed there were previously employed
within that Ministry. this new institute is a large one; the work was 25X1
121. New Institute in Khimki Area.-This apparently accommodated a large
number of personnel among whom all Germans known to be there were specialists
in some part of guidance activity. Regarding this latter fact, 0 it would 25X1
sufficiently important to merit the occasional award of a Stalin Prize.
129. Main Administration Building.-This was located at the side gate to the
factory on the Moscow-Yaroslavl road the main entrance was on
the other side of the factory, leading out in the direction of Kaliningrad). The
building was identified as having a cupola type roof and being on the northern side
of the entrance. The ground floor containing the library and conference room was
reached by a flight of steps. The conference room appeared to be used by the
librarians but was cleared for meetings of the N.T.S. On the floor above were the
offices of GONOR and POBEDONOSTSEV.
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