THE YUZHNAYA COAL MINE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000200120010-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 70
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2008
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: November 19, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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;< C ONFXDZNT IAA ?
{~,, REPORT
25X1
COUNTRY USSR DATE DISTR. 19 1
1ev. 11953
SUBJECT The Yuzhnaya Coal Mine. NO.OF PAGES
35.
"
PLACE
NO. OF ENCLS,
Annex(
1+
ACQUIRED
DATE
(LISTED BELOW).
ACQUIRED BY S
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
DATE OF INFOR
MATION
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
1. The Yuzhnaya Mine, was located approximately five kilometers west 6f the
center of the town, Shakhty 9 57-46, E 4o-17, Rostov Oblast. ZS-ee
Annex.]. In the immediate vicinit of hakhty there were approxi-
mately 20 coal mines names of the following: 25X1
Ne-zhdannaya, Shakhta Imeni Frunze, Petrovs,kaya Shakhta, Komsomol'
skaya Pravda, Shakhta,No. 46, Shakhta Oktyabr'skaya,,.Shakhta Artem
2 Glubokiy, Shakhta Krasina, Shakhta Vorovskaya. All of the mines,.,-,,.
belonged to the Shakhtantratsit Trust which was a part of the Rostov-.
u of Coal Combine. All the mines were anthracite mines.
2.. According to rumor, construction of the Yuzhnaya Mine began in ]940,
was interrupted by World War II, but was resumed in 1946. The mine, 25X1
opened in late 1950, began production in Dec4mber of that year. Construe.
tion costs., I was told, amounted to 60,000,000 rubles. In 1951. the daily
output of coal at the mine amounted to 1 00 tons.
ORGANIZATION
was.suppose 25X1
been completed in several years with a scheduled production of
5000 tons. It. was said that, after expansion, the mine could, be fully,
exploited for 70 years,
In 1951 there were approximately 600 miners and.employees in the Vuzhnaya.
Mine who worked 2. hours a day in three eight-hour shifts. Leading
personnel of the mine were:
a.. Director of the mine: Mining Engineer Director, 2nd Class,VOBLA.-
b. Chief Engineer: Mining Engineer KOLESNIKOV..
c. Three engineers (one per shift): Names unknown.
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d. Party organizer.(Partorg): 1iame unknown.
e.. Deputy Director for Technical Matters: Name unknown.
f4 Deputy Director for Electrification: Name.unknown.
The administration of the mine was organized as follows:
a. Personnel Section (Otdel?kadrov)
b. Engineering Section (Inzhenernyy. otdel)
c. Technical Equipment Section (Otdel oborudovaniya)
d.MineSurveying Section (Marksheyderskiy otdel)
e. Work Registry Section (Otdel ucheta spuska)
g!
.Finance Office (Kassir)
Accounting office (Bukhgalteriya)
h. Mine Trade Union Section (Profsoyuznaya organizatsiya gornyakov)
i. Transformer Room (Podstantsiya)
j Battery and Lamp Room (Lampovyy otdel)
k. Coal Washing and Grading Shop (Otdel fabriki)
1. Mechanical Repair Shops (Masterskaya po remontu oborudovaniya)
m. Mine Guard Detail (Sluzhba po okhrane shakhty)
Personnel Section. The personnel section had seven employees. The
section maintained a file on all employees and handled all personnel
matters. It was mandatory that prospective employees present the
following documents to the personnel section:
a. Reference from last employer.
b. Passport with entry of the last place of. employment, reasons for
leaving, and date of discharge.
c. Application for employment at the mine.
d. Voyenkomat's registration certificate4
e. Certificate of family status.
f. Trade union membership card.
The application for employment was addressed to the director of the
mine who referred it to a section chief in need of employees. The
section chief made his endorsement on the application and returned it
to the director's office at which time, if the endorsement was.posi-
tivea'the director made final decision as to employment with an appro-
priate endorsement. The application was then forwarded to the-per-
sonnel section which processed the new employee in the following way:
a. Prepared a oard for employee's personnel file.
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b. Retained employee's passport, reference, and certificate of family
status for the file.
c. Informed the appropriate voyenkomat of action taken on the. appii-
cant for the purpose of exemption in case. of mobilization or war,
or at least for his reclassification for military service..
d. Registered employee as to his place of residence,
e. Advised employee to obtain membership in the mine's trade union.
After processing the new employee was handed a registration sheet
(obkhodnyy list)) on which were listed all,offices and individuals to
whom he must report prior to being placed on the payroll. Those visited
knew from the sheet that the individual had been employed by the mine
and made appropriate entries in their files. The following sections
were listed on the registration sheet:
a. Director's office.
b. Chief Engineer
c. Section Chief (nachal'nik uchastka)
d. Accounting Office
e. Savings and Loan Section (ssuda)
f. Billeting Section
g. Library
h. Party Organizer
i. Trade Union Representative
J. Indoctrination Center (kursovaya set')
k. Fire Section (The new employee was briefed on fire-fighting
regulations and fire prevention rules.)
1. Supply Room (Work clothes, rubber shoes, helmets were issued to
the miner in this room.)
m. Work Registry Section (Two tags, one for checking time of entry
and the other for time of exit, were issued here.)
n. Battery and Lamp Room (A miner's lamp was issued to the new miner.
here.)
o. Personnel Section. This was the last entry on the registration
sheet. From here all newly employed miners were sent to attend
the indoctrination course, the first day of which the miner was
automatically placed on the payroll. The course, which lasted
10 days, offered lectures on the following subjects: layout of
the mine and characteristics; composition and thickness of the,..
coal beds; underground communications net; method of mining;
method of-timbering; machinery; electrification system of the mine;
ventilation system.. Special attention was given to safety instruc-
tions and to the new miner's -specific Job. During the ip days'
course each miner was required to make at least two trips under-
ground.and to familiarize himself with the layout of the mine,
communications, and mining methods. After completion of the indoc-
trination course, the new employee was considered ready for work
underground and was sent to the place where he was to work.
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marksheyder). '
Work Re istry Section. Three workers'were employed in-this section,
a room where the m ners' tags were kept. Upon entering the mine, the
miner received two tags; one tag indicated, daily, the time work began,.
the.other the time work ended. The entry tag was'dropped into a special
box placed'at the-elevator door.' The exit tag was presented, in person,
at the counter in the Work Registry Section upon leaving the mine.
'Mine Surveying Section. There were approximately 10 employees in this:;,
section which was responsible for the geological exploration of the
mine. Small-scale surveying was done in the section and all plans,
blueprints,'etc. were made there. The section issued instructions as
to direction,-layout, and extension of new entries in the mine,"and
on the best methods of coal mining based on results of geolo ica1 ex-
ploration. The section chief was called the Chief Surveyor (Glav-,
o
st and from there
Shakhtantratsit Tru
?requests for new machinery-and technical equipment were sent to the
Combine.
the Rostovugol'
t
tion of a work-safety service.
Technical Equipment Section. Several engineers and technicians were
employed in s section. The section was responsible for the proper
utilization of machinery, maintenance, . and repair, jas Wall a for.
25X1
25X1
Engineerin Section. The head of this section was. the Chief Engineer
Under wwhom ere were three engineers (one.per shift) and several
technicians. The section, which was responsible for the proper . opera-
tion of the mine, issued all Instructions and directives on technical
matters and was further responsible for work safety and the,-organiza-
10. Finance Office, The Chief Cashier (glavnyy kassir) was in charge of
subordinate to the chief.
hi
ers
this orrice; .-ere were seven cas
Employee wage accounts were. kept in this office which utilized the
data collected by the Work Registry Section. Wages were paid on,,,'the
,following basis: On the, 25th of the month each miner was given an
advance of approximately 15 percent of his average monthly wage; the
remainder was paid about the 10th of the next month for work for the
past calendar month.
a. The average monthly wages (in rubles) of administrative personnel
in the Yuzhnaya Mine were:
Director
5,000
Chief Engineer
4,500
Section Chief
3,500
Shift Engineer
2,200
.Deputy Section Chief
1,750
Deputy Organizer
1,550
Chief Accountant
1,500
Foreman (Desyatnik ili gornyy master)
1,200
Chief Surveyor
950
Chief Billeting Section
950
Trade Union President
950
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Instructor of indoctrination course
mine Commandant (equivalent to administrative. officer)
Bookkeeper
Clerical employee
Surveyor
Billeting office employee
750
650
550
450-650
4.50
350-550
b. The worker's average monthly wages in the Yuzhnaya Miners:
Coal driller (buril'shchik po uglyu)
Up to 3,500.
Coal-cutter operator and assistant operator
(vrubmashinist i yego pomoshchnik)
2,500-3,000
Prop removers (posadohik)
2,500-3,000
Timberman (krepil'shchik)
2,000-2,500
Coal loader (navalootboyshchik)
1,8o0-3,500
Entry driver (prokhodchik)
1,,300-2, 000
Clogger (butchik)
1,200-2,000
Rock driller (buril'shchik po porode)
1,200-1,800
Transformer room mechanic (mekhanik podstantsii)
1,500
Lift operator (mashinist'pod'yemnoy mashiny)
900-1,560
Emergency mechanical repairman (slesar' avariynoy
brigady) .
900-1-, 300
Prop-transport worker (lesogon)
900-1,300
Electric. locomotive.operator (elektromashinis.t)
900-1,300
Blower (zapal'shchik)..
850-1,200
Chute transporter (perenoschik reshtakov)
900-1,200
Repair man for electrical equipment (elektroslesar')
800-1,200
Train conductor and switchman (konduktor)..,
800-101,11,00
Electrical repair man for transformer room
(podstantsionnyy elektroslesar')
950
Foreman of mechanical repair shop
(zaveduyushchiy masterekoy)
900
Repair man for coal grading and washing shop
(slesar' fabriki)
750-1,100
Underground railroad repair., man (putevoy)
750- .950
Conveyer motor operator (motoristka)
750- 950
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Hatchway operator (lyakovaya)
;Shift"operator for the transformer room
(dezhurnyy podstantsionnyy rabotnik)
Stoker (kochegar kotel'noy)
Tipper operator (oprokidehitsa)
Assistant to elevator operator (stvolovaya)
Lumberyard carpenter (plotniki na lesosklade)
Lathe operator'(tokar')
Marker on the tipper (uchetchitsa oprokida)
Mine's guard (okhrana shakhty)
Coal cleaner (vyborshchitsa porody)
Gang rider (otkatohitsa)
Section clerk (naryadohitsa uchastka)
Lamp worker (lampovshohitsa)
Switchboard operator (dezhurnaya na komutatore)
Shower room operator (ban'shohitsa)
Cleaning woman (uborshchitsa)
750- 900
750 900
750- 900
650-. 850
550-1,000
750- 800
500 too
450- 900
550
?1.75
5d'-' 600
450:.
ago- 500
350
350
350
11. Accounting Office. Approximately 50 employees worked in the Aeeount.-
ing ? Of which was responsible for the mine's accounts Registration
of the work hours. of each individual was made here and a record was
also kept of the work performed.
12. Trade Union Section. Membership in the trade. union was not obliga-
tory. 95wever,'Fe-oause of constant disagreement between individual
miners and the mine administration, particularly with respect to wages,
it was advisable to join the trade union. to protect one's interests.
It was particularly beneficial in times. of accident or sickness when
the union, which always backed its members, negotiated with the mine
administrators for payment of disability benefits. Although legally
there was no distinction between disabled miners who belonged to the
union and those who did not, in practice the procedure was too com-
ed for the miner obtain benefits without support 25X1
ra a un on ues were scale to the miners' wastes and were from
two to five rubles, or more, a month.
13. 'Transformer Room. Several transformers and current distributioin b
oards
this room. 25X1
mhe_ Yuznnaya mine received electric current rrom the Artemgree
owerlPlant which was located five to seven, kilometers from Shakhty.
14 Battery and Lam Room. Approximately 15 men worked in this room where
bg eriee and f as ffillgihts for miners were kept. Upon entering. the
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mine each miner reported to this room where he received a 2k-volt
battery flashlight of one of the types presented below.
This room was equipped with low current transformers for charging
batteries; a battery lasted eight hours., Some lamps used were
.gasoline lamps.
15. Coal Washing and Gradin Room. Coal was mined at Yuzhnys, in various
size lumps; a large quantity 'was received as-coal dust. The 'coal,
which was always mixed with rock:, was se crated from the rocks'''graded,
and walphed in a shop called fabrika. See Annex B.7 The coal was
hoisted from the mine, by elevator, to A conveyer on the fifth floor
of fabrika. On every shift, there,.were approximately 35 girls working
here separating the rocks and stones from the coal as it moved on the
.conveyer line,. Lumps rejected were placed in special containers
which were eventually shot down through special hoppers (chutes),
loaded on cars, and taken from the mine grounds. The clean coal was
directed to a series of shaking sieves located on the second, third,
and fourth floors where it was graded, in groups, according to. the
size of the lumps. Lumps of 30 to 35 cm. in diameter and large'r
usually remained on the last sieve. Upon completion of grading,'' the'
coal was directed to the coal bath where it was washed inseveral ,.
large basins with-water, at high pressure, from special hose. From
here the coal was taken, by conveyer, to 'the drying room where it was
dried by hot air while being conveyed. The coal-was stored in bunkers`
to which it had been taken by conveyer, until shipment.
16. Repair.Shops.. Annex B-7 Repair shops consisted of:
a. Forge: Welding and similar work required for repairing equipment
was done in the forge; three to five workers were'employed here.
b. Lathe Shop: This shop was equipped with one lathe, DIP'-200 type;
one old lathe; three new drilling machines; and one new planing
machine. Repair and maintenance of,mining machinery was done here
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by approximately six workers each shift.
c. Electrical Equipment Repair Shop.
d. Spare Parts Room.
e. Supply Room (work clothes, etc.)
17. Guard Detail. A detail of approximately 10 guards was maintained at
the m ne. There was a sentry box at the main entrance where, "a guard
was on duty 24 hours a day.. The grounds were surrounded on,, the north,
south;, dnd east "sides,'by..a.:barbed wire fence two meters high; on the
west side there was a railroad line.
COAL PRODUCTION
18. The coal bed in the Yuzhnaya Mine was from 1.5 to 1.8 m. thick. It
ran in a. north-south direction at a 380 angle from the horizontal.
Z'ee Annex C. The bed was under exploitation in 1951. There were
rumor in re werp nthpr coal beds in the mine either. below or
above if 25X1
there were, they were not being exploited in 1951 an that prepara-
tions for exploitation were not being made. In 1951 mining was done
Pt the Vntihnava Mine from 105 to 280 m. underground /See Annex 0.7
Ino coal was mined except that in e e
described above. The Yuzhnaya Mine was divided into six sections
(uchastok). Sections 1., 2, 3, and 4 were Coal Mining Sections (ugol'nyy
uchastok). Sections 5 and 6 were auxiliary sections (podsobnyy ili
vspomogatel'nyy uchastok). Section 5, responsible for driving new
entries, expansion of the mine, and for repair and maintenance of
working entries, was called the Entry Opening Section (Uchastok
kapital'nogo remonta -- ORR). Section 6, responsible for the admini-
stration and operation-of electric railroads, was called the Under-
ground Transportation Section.
19. Sections 1 and 4 were located in the western wing of the mine; Sections
2 and 3 in the eastern. Zee Annex DJ
a. Section 1 was composed of two coal faces (lava): the first and
third face.
b. Section 4 had one face, the first bis.(pervayalava bis). This
face.began approximately 600 m. west of the beginning of the
first face. (The first face began approximately 500 M. from the
main shaft.)
c. Section 2 had two coal faces: the second and fourth faces.
Section I had one coal face.: the second bis (vtorayalavabis)
the distances there were similar to those
mentioned Paragraph b, above7. All faces in the mine were
120 m. long.
20. The mine was provided with two shafts (stvol); one, called ski ovoy
stvol, was used for hoisting coal; the other, called a cage g a
(klet'yevoy stvol),.was used for miners and for cars loaded with-rock.
The two shafts were c ed wit" elevators. All machinery and equip-
ment in the min were of Soviet make. 25X1
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21. The mine had the following entries underground See Annex 7 :
a. Main Entry. This entry, eight meters wide and three meters high,
was provided with a double-track rail line. .90.m. wide. The sec-
tions where the main entry merged with-the miners' entry had
single track. A tipper (oprokid) was located opposite the entry_
at the 105 horizontal. The tipper, a metal drum two by three
meters, had an opening for the entrance of loaded cars (capacity
li tn.). Inside the car was tipped electrically (by a'push'button:)
and.the coal was dumped into one of two hoppers which were under..`
the tipper. Two electrically operated skip hoists'hauled the
coal from the hoppers to the sutface.
b. Miners' Entry (lyudskoy shtrek). The miners' entry was provided
with a double-track rail line of .90 m? gauge. The entry was
six meters wide and three meters high.
c. Entry at the 105 horizontal (shtrek stopyatogo gorizonta). This
entry, six meters wide and three meters high, was provided with
a double-track line of .90 m. gauge. At the highest point of the
entry there was a pit (shurf) approximately two meters in diameter
through which, by means of'an electrically operated bucket (dia-
meter 1. m.), props and lumber were delivered to the mine.
d. Entry 105 (stopyatyyshtrek). This entry was equipped with a
single track of .90 m. gauge. Size of the entry was 4 by 2.8 m.
Entries /F and 7 were used for miners' communications removal of
rock, an delivery of lumber. Electric locomotives (14 tbs.) which
could pull four loaded oars operated in these entries. ee Annex K
Six 10-ton electric locomotives each of which could pull 35 loaded
cars operated in entries r and bj
e. First and second subentries. (pervyy i vtoroy promezhutochnyy
shtrek). These subentries, 4 x 2j m., were provided,, in the far
sections with single rail track lines of, .90 m. gauge., Sub-
entzf3,es were used for the removal of rock. Cars were moved by
hand.'to special chutes through which rocks were dumped into the
main entry,loaded on cars, and taken to the hoisting Cage located
in the center of the miners' entry. The hoisting cage could carry.
either one li-ton oar or 15 miners. (The same cage was used for
lumber, machinery, etc.) The remaining part of the first and
second subentries contained scraper-conveyers and conveyer belts.
22. Coal Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 were. organized as follows:
a. Personnel in charge:
(1) One mining technician, section chief.
(2) Three mining technicians, assistant section. chiefs (one per
shift).
(3) Three foremen (desyatnik) (one per shift).
b. Workers: 125 to 150 workers were assigned to each coal section,
as o ows:
(1) Two gangs of coal loaders (navalootbo tohik) each composed
of 10-12 men.
(2) One gang of three to four prop removers ('posadchik).
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(3)
One gang of eight to nine timber workers (krepil'shchik).
(4)
One gang of six to seven rubble fillers (butchik).
(5)
One gang of five to six chute setters (reshtachnik).
(6)
One gang of four to five lumber transporters (lesogon).
(7)
One coal-cutit,ing crew: one coal cutter operator, one
assistant, and one winch operator.
(8)
Two gangs of.five to six girls, hatchway operators (lyukovaya).
(9)
Two girls, operators for conveyor motors (mote
(10)
Three electricians.
(11)
Three hole men (zapal'shchik).
(12)
Two coal drillers (buril'shchik po uglyu).
(.13)
One gang of four to five rock drillers (buril'shchik po
porode).
(14)
One gang of two to three entry drivers (prokhodchik).
23. All sections of the mine were operated on a 24-hour bapis. There
were three eight-hour shifts: from 0800 to 1600 hours, from 1600
to 2400 hours, and from 2400 to 0800 hours. In the coal sections
one shift was called the preparatory shift (podgotovitel'naya), the
other two loading shifts (krutel'naya). /The meaning and origin of
this Russian term could not be explained 5y DS-5632. When necessary,
all workers on the loading shifts could be shifted, to the prepara-
tory shift.
24. It was the task of the preparatory shift to make ready a sufficient
amount of coal for the work of the other two shifts. A 1i-m. out
was made on a 120-m. stretch of coal face (cycle), the coal room
was timbered; and blasting was done. Blasting the first 40 m. of
the cycle always took place during the last 15 minutes of this shift.
The coal cutter was not moved from the room during blasting but was
hooked to its winch. Subsequent blastin was done in the:following
sections: from the 40th to the 60th m. (by the hole man,.of the
first loading shift 1-1 hours prior to the end of the shift); from
the 60th to the 100th m. (by the same man 15 minutes before the end
of the shift) ; from the 100th to the 120th m. (by the hole, man of
the second loading shift l2 hours, prior to the shift's end), as .
tag
'
?
shown below:
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25. The preparatory shift was composed of the following gangs: a timber
gang, rock-drilling gang, prop-moving gang, chute-setting gang, coal-
cutting gang, and a lumber-transport gang, in addition to one hole man,
one electrician, and one coal driller. These gangs worked in the
following way:
a. The timber gang placed the second line of props (vtoraya nitka
organki) five to seven centimeters from the first line of props
(pervaya nitka organki), as shown below.,
Stop Line
(ZAEOYNAYA LINIYA)
Chute Line -'
(RESHTACHNAYA --- l IIls ;~-1 m. -~; ?
LINIYA)
0.10 --; ? ? ? 0
Reserve Line`
(ZAPASNAYA LINIYA)
Fourth Line
(CHETYERTAYA LINIYA)
As soon as 15 to 20 m. of the second line were completed, the
hole man was permitted to start cutting.
b. Chute-setting gang. When the timber gang had placed 5 to 10
meters of .the second line of props, the chute-setting gang
began replacing chutes close to the second line of props. The
chutes were fastened to the props, particularly the first few
placed. at the foot of the mound. There was no delay in replacing
chutes since this work was done more rapidly than the cutter
moved up. The chutes used in the Yuzhnaya Mine were one meter
long, eight meters wide,'and five meters high. Every fourth
chute had a side opening of 50 x 40 em. through which'coal was
pushed into the chutes. f'ee Annex E.7
c. Coal-cutting gang. The coal face was always out in an u hill
direction.. The cutter (vrubmasbina MD-5?) see Annex
was
J
provided with a motor the speed of which court be regulated.
(O ,z,ID NTI.AA
?! Second Line of Props
CHUTE
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It also had a winch See Annex Mto which the cutter was tied.
.The face was cut approximately above the floor of the 25X1
entry, or as low as possible. The cutter bar was 11 m. long,
experi-
ments were made with two 1.75 in. bars but. the pressure resulting
from such deep cuts was too great for the props to stand. In
this way a coal face of 120 m. could be out in.six hours. Usually,
after 15 m. had been out, there was a break of 10 to 15 minutes25X1
when the towing rope was replaced. Inspection of bits was made
when the shift ended at which time some bits were replaced
d. Coal-drilling gang. When the cutter had advanced 20 in., the 25X1
driller assigned to the preparatory shift began drillings for
explosive charges. Drillings were made in two rows: the first
row was made five meters above the ground, the second three
meters. Drillings in-the two rows were always interspaced at
1.4-m. intervals; depth.of the shafts was 1.5 m. The upper row
of shafts was always made at a'150 angle toward the side of the
natural fall of the coal bed, as shown below.
-:Six hundred grams (three 200 gram fillings) of ammonite were
provided for each shaft. Drilling was first done with a seven-
meter drill (zaburok) and then with a 1.5-m; drill referred to
as*bur or shtanga. Eight or nine minutes were required for a
depth of 14 in. A pobedit drilling head could make approximately
20 shafts without replacement. The electric borer, referred
to as baranchik (battering ram) wee Annex U,.used for this 25X1
e. Lumber-transporting gang. Lumber and props for Coal Faces 3
and 4 were brought to the mine through the pit located at'the.
most elevated point of the 105th entry. Here they were loaded
on flat oars pulled by a li-ton trolley locomotive through the
105th entry to the crosscuts called pechka. Five loaded flat
cars could be pulled by this locomotive. The; lumber was unloaded
at the.crassouts and pushed to the third subentry where it rolled
because of,the natural fall of the crosscut. Lunft er for Coal
Face 2 and the second bis and for Coal Face 1 and the first bis
was taken to the cage shaft (klet'evoy) where it was loaded on
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flat cars and pulled by a 10-ton trolley locomotive to the
appropriate miners' passage (lyudskoy khodok). Here it was
unloaded and pulled by electrically-operated winches to the
second subentry from where it was taken manually,.or by trans-
porters which were put into reverse gear for this purpose, up
to the working coal face. If taken manually, the transporting
equipment blocking the way was dismantled. Depending on the
coal face mined, the lumber transporting sang took over the lum-
ber and props at pechka (for Faces 3 and k) or at the inter-
sections of the second subentry (for Face 2 and the second bis
and for Face 1 and the first bis), and lowered it to the working
chamber. One hundred eighty props were needed for the construc-
tion of one support line with an additional 60 half-props
(raspilok) for upper beams.` See Annex Gj
f.. Drilling gang. In preparation for blasting this gang drilled
shafts in the rock ceiling of the coal chamber on the side
opposite the coal face. Blasting was done for two purposes:
to reduce pressure by removing a layer of rock from the ceiling
and, secondly, to obtain material for building butts (buty).
Butts were made to serve as supporting walls for vault-like
openings caused by blasting. Usually the space between butts
was 10 m, (a butt was approximately eight meters :bride) and four
1.5-m. holes were made by the drillers in each area between
butts. Drilling was done with a core-drill (kolonkovaya mashina)
which I am unable to describe. Drills of 3, 5, 7, 1.2, and 1.5 M.
were used here in succession. At least 20 minutes were needed
to drill a hole of 1.5 m.
Prop-moving gang. When drilling between the butts was completed,
this gang began to out the props located between the butts, thus
preparing the areas for clogging. The props were out with axes
until they bent under pressure, as whown below.
h. The electrician attached to the shift had the task of laying
a cable for 12-volt current between the chute and the reserve
lines. '~This..wa.s~the.line which had been taken, from the props
located between the reserve line and the fourth line and which
was now used by]t~e miners to plug in their bulbs, provided with
cord, after the outlets were made. These lights were used for
light in the coal room; the lamps described above were used in
transit to the working area atd in emergencies. The machinery
(coal cutters, conveyers, core drilling machines, rock-loading
machines, tipper, and locomotives) operated on a 380-volt current.
The battering ram operated on approximately 220 volts. Each '
coal face was equipped with two transformers to reduce the 380
volts to 220 and to 12.
i. During the shift the hole man placed explosive charges and made
connections in order to blow the first?40 m. of the new coal
face and, simultaneously, the rocks located opposite this coal
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section in the last 15 minutes of the shift. Usually this was
a section made up of three butts and the.two areas between.
The Bickford. fuse, approximately 1.7 m. for each hole, was used
for blowing. Each hole was blown separately at two or three-
second Intervals.
26. The lst and 2nd Loading Shifts. Working on each shift were: one
gang of coal loaders of 10 or 12 men; five or six women working-as
hatchway operators; two women conveyer motor operators; one gang of
rubble fillers.of six or seven men; one or two entry drivers; two
lumber transporters; one hole man; one electrician. The function
of the loading shifts was the removal of coal cut by the cutter during
the preparatory shift. The work performed by the shifts is described
below.
a. Coal loaders. Upon entering the coal room, the loaders divided
the 140-m. blown face into four-meter sections for each man., as
shown'=, below.
4 7\
Each four-meter section yielded approximately 3.2 to 3.3 tons
of coal which had to be removed by a loader in eight hours.
Loading was done with spades; the auxiliary chutes (poperechnyy
reshtak) were also used.,
From the chutes the coal went to the conveyer line. That art
of the line close to the working area was a s.cr'aper type see
Annex H 7; farther down the line was a belt type. From the con-
veyere coal. went to the hatchway skat). The hatchway was
opened and closed by a metal hatch see Annex 7 on the lower
part which made it possible to reguTate the flow of coal to the
entry where it was loaded into cams pulled by a trolley locomo-
tive. The hatchway operators regulated the opening and closing
of the hatches. They were further respongible for moving the
oars, for filling them with coal which streamed through the
hatchway, and for linking the loaded cars together. They then
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counted the cars, marked them with the number of the coal face,
and 'humbered the car's consecutively.
Conveyer-motor operators. These operators supervised work.done
on conveyer motors, lubricated and kept them running. Normally,
the conveyer motor ran without interruption for two shifts,. that
is, for 16 hours. They stopped for short intervals during the
blasting periods.
d. Rubble-fillers. The rubble fillers on the previous day's loading
shift prepared stacks (kletki) from props and sometimes from dis-
carded lumber to. fill the butts. Stacks were made in the follow-
.ing shape.
The stacks were placed in the lower corner of each butt. When
the first 40 m. of the coal face and the equivalent section of
rock was blasted, the rubble fillers attached to the next loading
shift filled the butts with rocks. The work was done with spades.
Large rocks, however, were moved by hand.
e. The lumber transporters functioned as described above ffaragraph
25.-9.
f. Crosscut entries called pechka were made by entry drivers every
50 m. on Coal Faces 3 and 4. These entries were used as'''emer-
gency exits and for ventilation purposes. Equipment used by
entry drivers were battering rams (baranchik), spades, and axes.
The entry drivers also filled the upper butt-on all faces and
made the prop wall between the upper butt, called bufet.,,and
the entry. ZS-ee Annex I_7
.Work was. performed by the hole man and the electrician as
described above ffaragraph 25, h and 17.
27. The organization of the entry opening section (otdel kapital'nogo
remonta) was as follows:
a. Personnel in Charge: One mining technician, section chief;
three technicians, assistant chiefs, one per shift; three fore-
men (desyatnik), one per shift.
b. Workers. Approximately 130 workers were assigned to this
sec on. They were organized in the following way:
(1)
Eight gangs of entry drivers (prokho.dchik). Each gang
was composed of 10 or 11 men.
(2) Two gangs of timber-men, for maintenance purposes (po
remontu krepleniya). A gang was composed of six or seven
men.
aSeA~kvP d~ T bul
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(3)
Two gangs of putters (otkatchik). There were five or
six workers to a gang; usually some were women.
(4) Two gangs of electricians (elektroslesar') of three men
each. One gang was assigned to the western wing, one...to
the eastern wing.
(5) Two gangs of hole men (zapal'shchik or podryvnik) of
three men each. One gang was assigned to the western wing,
one to the eastern.
(6) One emergency gang composed of an electrical technician
and three or four skilled electricians.
c. The entry opening section was responsible for the extension
and maintenance of the main entry, of the entry at the 105
horizontal, the 105th entry, and the first and second subentries.
d., The entry driving gangs working in the main entries were'attached
to gangs of putters (one for.the west wing and one for the east)
whose job was to pull out cars loaded with rock, to maintain
supply of props, timber, boards, rails, and to perform various
odd jobs for the.entry driving gangs.
e. The entry driving gangs used core drilling machines for their
work and, in addition, in the main and 105th entries rock loading
machin s orodo ogruzochna a mashing simila
tors. 25X1
28. The organization of the underground transport section (Uchastok
vnutri shakhtnogo transporta-V$hT), to which about 200 workers were
assigned, was as follows:
a. Personnel in Charge:
(1) One technician, section chief,
(2) Three mining technicians, assistant section chiefs (one
per shift).
(3) Three foremen (one per shift).
(4) Three dispatchers (dispetcher) (one per shift).
(5) One electro-technician.
b. Equipment and Workers:
(1)
The section was assigned five or six trolley locomotives
with a capacity of 10 tn. which operated in the grain and
miner's entries. In addition, there was a trolley loco-
motive of l4-tons' capacity used at the entry at the 105th
horizontal and the 105th entry. The large locomotives
were operated by one engineer and one conductor. The small
locomotive was operated by one man.
(2) Approximately 300 to 350 oarsvof l4 tons' capacity were
assigned to the section.
(3)
Two elevators operating in shafts were maintained .
f a this 'iib siob' ' The bberatai a were+ L caned
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shaft men (stvolovyye). There were two operators
working on each shift (one for each shaft), one at the.
105th horizontal, where there was a winch lorry for deliver-
ing timber paragraph 21-c7, and three on the surface.
(4) The tipper Paragraph 21-a was also operated by this
section. It was serviced by six or seven women for each
shift, in addition to one woman checker.
(5) Two skip hoists 5aragraph 21-a] operated electrically
by push buttons were run by one man (skipovoy) per shift.
The skip hoists carried coal from the bunker to the surface
and then to the coal washing and cleaning shop.
(6) One repair man per shift for electrical equipment.
(7) one emergency crew made up of one electro-technician and
three to five skilled repair men for electrical equipment.
This crew, used in emergencies only, was kept in a constant
state of readiness.
29.
8) Two gangs of repair men for rail lines
in February and March l95l.a new coal machine known 25X1
on Face No. 1. This was supposed to be a universal coal-cutting,
scraping, loading, and transporting machine. The machine was called
when mentioned to me, something like NVD.
as a coal combine (ugol'nyy kombayn) was tested in the Yuzhnaya Mine
was approx ma e y ong, pro a y m. w e, an n appearance:
was similar to a.coal-cutting machine. 25X1
30. In general the morale of the miners in the Yuzhnaya Mine was low
because of the hard, dangerous work. The relatively high wages paid
to miners did not alleviate this situation. The miners received no
.food rations.. Food rationing was abolished in the USSR in 1947 and
since that time consumer goods and food have been sold on a free
marke t
31. Production quotas were never posted on the bulletin board. They
were not known to miners unless some friend working in the adminis-
trative office gave the information privately. 25X1
32. Approximately 55 to 60 freight cars (30 tn. capacity) were loaded
daily with coal from the. Yuzhnaya Mine and were transported to some
unknown destination.
33.
34. Miners could buy coal at the Yuzhnaya Mine for 40 rubles per ton.''
Purchase price included loading, delivery to the home of the purchaser
in trucks owned by the mine, and unloading there.
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Annex A. Location Sketch Mine Yuzhnaya
Annex B. Surface Plan Yuzhnaya Mine
Annex C. Cross Section Yuzhnaya.Mine
Annex D. Underground Plan Yuzhnaya Mine
Annex E. Coal Chute
Annex F. Baranchik (Battering Ram)
Annex G. Coal Face Timbering Method. (Cut A-B Annex C)
Annex H. Scraper.- Conveyer
Annex I. Building of Bufet (Plan) Working Coal Face.
Annex J. Building of Bufet (Cut A-B)
Annex K. Electric Locomotive of 1.5 Ton
Annex L. Coal Cutter
Annex M. Winch for the Coal Cutter.
Annex N. Hatchway.
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Annex B (Cont'd)
LEGEND
Point # 1. Administration building and shower room.
2. Coal washing and grading shop (fabrika).
3. Coal hopper.
4. Elevator for transporting coal into hopper.
5. Mechanical repair shops.
6. Carpenter shop.
7.
Timber storage.
8. Machinery for coal elevator
9. -Coal shaft.
10. Machinery for klet'yevoy
11. Klet'yevoy shaft.
12. Transformer room.
13. Ventilation pipes.
14. Main entrance.
15. Boiler for. the shower
16.
17.
18.
19.
operation.
elevator
Boiler room chimney.
Timber pit for the 105th entry.
Rock dump (terrikonik).
Narrow gauge double track RR line
20. Cable-car line to the rock dump.
21. First-aid room
22. Normal gauge RR line.
23. Warehouses and supply rooms.
CONFIDENTIAL
operation.
tq the. rock dump.
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LEGEND
Point # 1. Tipper.
2. Coal shaft headframe.
3. Coal washing and grading shop (fabrika).
4. Shaft building.
5.
Headframe and gears.
Headframe supporting pillars.
7. Steel ropes of the cage.
8. Elevator building.
9. Fence surrounding grounds.
10. Lumber pit.
11. Rook dump.
2SM,?A _I.r.DE T $~.. A'..
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Annex D
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_25_
LEGEND
Coal block.
Coal face in work
1,2,3,4,5,6. Stone Blocks
j .... . 1 _ .. Timbering.
7,8,9,10,11,
12,13014.915. Chutes
16,17,18,19,20. Belt and Scraper Conveyer.
Winzeand hatchway.
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- Annex E
c
AW
11
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Annex F
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25X1
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Annex I
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Annex J
............... ,
CON'-IP~NTIAL
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,qS
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Annex L.
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COAL CUTTfi2,
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ArY~/~X L.
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4
Q
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