ORE COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM OFFICE OF REPORTS AND ESTIMATES CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67-00059A000400160008-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 4, 2000
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: October 1, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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ORE Committee, on International Communism
Office of Reports and Estimates
Central Intelligence Agency
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM MONTHLY
October 1950
The material used in this publication was
reported during the month of September 1950.
WORKING PAPER
25X1A
Copy for:
Notice: This document is a working paper, not an
official CIA :issuance. It has been coordinated
within ORE, but not with the IAC Agencies. It
represents current thinking by specialists in ORE
and is designed for use by others engaged in simi-
lar or overlapping studies. It is intended solely
for the information of the addressee and not for
further dissemination.
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Vol,, II. No. 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART I MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN WORLD COMMUNISM DURING
'T,FTEMBER
PART II SURVEY OF SIGNIFICANT TRENDS
1. FAR EAST REPERCUSSIONS OF T11E NORTH KOREAN
DEFEAT
Korea ? ,
Japan a a o o a
China@ u a
Southeast Asia
0 0 0 v. 0 0 0? 0 A o 0 0
?? 0 c 0 0 o 0 0 0 V o a 8
O Q Q 4 0 010 0 0 1 0 i+ 0 a
O 0 3 O a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C! 0
2. THE PEACE CAMPAIGN AQ "NEUTRALIS111
The World Peace Conres8 v o 0 o a a? c o 6
Western Europe . 0 0 a o 0 0 o n o 3 v o 7
China - India o a o O , a 0 0, o 0 7
Latin America a 0 0 , a e ? o ? o. 8
ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNIST LABOR ORGANIZATIONS
WFTU: Ceylon Conference n.. g 0 0 0. 8
Wni U: Progress in Implementing Plans to
Organize West Africa, , . , 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
WFTU: Meeting of Administrative Committee of
International Association of Air and Land
Transport Workers ... 0 o a a a o. 0 a 9
4, ART,AS OF INCREASED COMMUNIST MILITANCY
Germany. o ? e O o 0 ? e a a 0 o 0 0 0 0 . 10
Austria , a 11 0 ? ? a 0 e a. ? 0 11
United Kingdom . . . , . ? ? . . O . a . ? 11
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Page
4, .AREAS OF TNCREA ED COWUNIST MILITANCY (Conta )
Liberia and Ivory Coast, ~, p o a a e 12
Belgian Congoo a 0 a o o o 0 o, o o o o ,A 12
5,, ATTEMPTS AT COMMUNIST CONSOLIDATION
China. tp a a? 0 0 0 'J a 9 4 O Q. 0 0 0 0 13
Greece D o 0 o a a c a a a C 0 O O O 13
Iran o a a o o a o e a e a a a u m a a 4 a 14
Hungary. a o a a a e o e o o a o o a o 0 15
6, CURRPNT TACTICAL TRENDS IN G,F',,TERN EUROPE
France and Italy a s a a a o a a a a a 0 0 16
7o ACTIVITLrS OF COMMUNIST FT ONT ORGANIZATIONS
International Organization of Journalists'
Meeting o 0 o e e D o o a a o o 0 o o o
8. DEVIATION AND DISSENSION
Japan, a 0 O a O a a! O a 0 a s O 0 a 0 0
Italy. a s a e o a 0 0 0 9 a 0 o v o a n e
9, ANTI-COMMUNIST MEASURES
18
19
Western and Northern Europe. a a a o a 20
Lebanon, a a e a o e a 4 o a o D o D a a a 20
Southeast Asia m e a o D e a o o a o a a o 21
Latin American v a o a a b a o 0 o c a a o 22
PART III CURRENT AND FORTHCOMING COMMUNIST EVENTS
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MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN WORLD COMMUNISM
DURING SEPTEMBER
It is still too early to make more than a preliminary
assessment of the effect of the North Korean defeat upon world
Communism. From available reports it may be deduced that at
least temporarily the Communist potential will suffer con
sidorable setbacks., especially through the defection of Jb1low
travelers and, in some cases, increasing government action to
restrict or outlaw Communist activity. This, however,, does
not mean that hard core party members will be appreciably
affected nor does it necessarily signify a great decline in
fear of Communist military power, since neither the Soviet
nor the Chinese Communist armies have so far actively inter-
vened in the Korean war? On the other hand it will under-
mine the widespread illusion of Communist invincibility as it
will also strengthen the prestige of the UN in general,, and
that of the US in particular, especially in the Far East,,
It is believed that the Communist policy of militancy in
Southeast Asia will be maintained, The USSR will continue to
exert strong pressure on national party leadership to prevent
a retarding of Co;t nunist aggression in those areas where revo-
lutionary opportunities appear to exist,, Moreover, the USSR
will continue to foment trouble by disseminating propaganda
designed to: (a) incite Asian nationalism against US "imperi-
alism" as the principal opponent of "progressive" nationalist
self-development; ('b brand the US as "fascist' and guilty of
committing "atrocities"; (c) sow discord between the US and
its allies as well as between non-Communist governments and
peoples; and (d) obscure Soviet complicity in the North Korean
invasion in ordet to preserve a free hand, regardless of the
outcome of the Korean campaign, by maintaining the fiction of
a "civil ware,"
Western Europe offers a different picture. The leaders of
the French and Italian parties, the most important Communist
parties in Western Europe, are purusing relatively moderate
tactics, contemplated to reduce the increased threats of
repression evidenced by the governments of the two countries.
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The much promoted 1'unity of action' tactic of the French and
Italian parties is being used to influence non-Communist labor
and favorably impress fence sitters It is linked with the
Opoace" campaign, which continues to be a potent weapon,
European "neutralist" sentiment is further exploited and the
USSRRa nonintervention in Korea continues to be featured as
an indication of the Kremlin&s peaceful. intentions, contrasted
to the sinister warmongering of the US,,
It appears that US determination and UN action have
greatly strengthened the hand of non-orbit governments against
Stalinist subversion, There has been a growing tendency to
curb or altogether prohibit Communist activities, It is par-
ticularly significant that Southeast Asian governments have
moved to impede the efforts of local Communist parties, Repres-
sive measures are also being applied by Middle Eastern and Latin
American governments; and anti-Communist actions are being taken
or prepared by the governments of Italy, France, Belgium, Switz-
erland, Norway, and West Germany,
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SURVEY OF SIGNIFICANT TRENDS
This survey of significant trends
in the international Communist movement
which have become apparent during the
month of September, contains only those
developments which are believed to have
an important effect on the potential of
world Communism.
1. FAR EAST REPERCUSSIONS OF TEE NORTH KOREAN DEFEAT
During September;, there was no evidence of breakdown
in the internal discipline of the North Korean Labor Party
(NKLP - the Communist Party of North Korea) despite the UN
capture of Seoul and the dispersal of the Communist army in
southern Korea. The leadership of the NKLP is composed of
men with years of training and experience in adversity -
in guerrilla fighting and underground political work in China
and Japanese-occupied Korea. These individuals are unlikely
to desert the international Communist cause simply because of
local defeats, and if they are unable to hold on in North
Korea they will probably continue working for the Communist
cause from Manchuria or the Soviet Union,, Even the lower
echelons of the Communist Party and the security organizations
are so well indoctrinated that they will continue to support
the Government and maintain internal security until UN forces
actually appear,
In South Korea, Communist defeats probably have been
disastrous to the morale and organization of the South Korea
Labor Party, During the period of Communist occupation, local
Communists appeared from underground to participate in local
government and security organizations, They were joined by
many fence.si.,tters and Communist sympathizers, Having thus
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revealed their true affiliations, practically all Communists
in South Korea are faced with the immediate necessity of leav-
ing the area. confronting Republican justice. or explaining
away their collaboration on the grounds of life-saving
expediency, The net result will be the practical extinction.
for the time being at least, of the Communist organization in
South Korea0
UN successes in Korea may have the following effects
(a) An increased respect, on the part of both the
Party and those who had been deluded by Party propaganda, for
the military might of the US,,
(b) A general realization that the USSR is not pre-
pared for global hostilities, and that Peiping was forced to
back down on its promise of early "liberation" of Taiwan,
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(c) A modification of the apparent belief,, in Party
circles and among elements of the populace, that the Communist
movement in Asia is irresistibly powerful,:
(d) An increase in both the Party's and the people's,
respect for the UN, which proved capable of (1) swift and
effective mobilization to combat aggression,, and (2) resist?-
ng the Soviet attempt to blackmail it into acceptance of
Communist China "in exchange+e for a settlement in Korea,, while
(3) nevertheless entertaining Communist China's complaints
against the US,
(e)- A decline, in the eyes of elements of the Party
and populace, in the overall prestige of the USSR, due to
Soviet sponsorship of a suicidal venture for its North Korean
satellite and Soviet failure to provide effective support for
North Korea in its hour of trial.
(f) An upward revision of the Party's and the popular
estimate of the degree to which the US Government is supported
by its own people and by other governments.
(g) A decline in the popular confidence, already rather
low, in the reliability of Peiping'a informational media,, and a
parallel decline in the Party's confidence in Soviet "estimates
of the situationd?
Southeast Asia
Repercussions of North Korean reverses have not,, as yet,
had any noticeable impact upon Communist parties in Southeast
Asia,, It is estimated that the unsuccessful North Korean adventure
probably will have little effect, if any, on the militant line
now being followed in most of this area. While the local Commu.
nist parties are able to use external, support and probably
desire it, their existence and progress depend primarily upon
their own efforts and accomplishments,,
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2, THE PEACE CAMPAIGN ACID "NEUTRALISM'v
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The World Peace Con, i?ess
In a preview of the Congress9 Ilya Ehrenburg, writing
in Pravda on 3 September said that the Congress will (1) "undoubta-
edly~' deal with the question of the "universal reduction of all
binds of arm&F and (2) set up a list 'for the future inter-
national tr.ibun-al of "war criminals" -- those who "insist on
immediate use of the atom bomb or on a preventive war." includ-
ing politicians and journalists,
The first point appears designed to meet objections
that the "Stockholm Appeal" merely calls for banning the atom
bomb and ignores other weapons, It probably represents an
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attempt to pump new life into the "peacd' campaign as a counter-
weight to losses resulting from the invasion of South Korea,,
The second point on drawing up a list of alleged "war crimiv-
nals' serves as a dramatic propaganda gesture to intimidate
opponents of'the USSR, particularly in Western Europe, In a
similar move, Radio Moscow reported the North Koreans are
compiling a list of war criminals,, including US fliers, in
Korea.
Western Euro
As an extension of their "peace" campaign, the Coxmnua
n:.sts have recently intensified efforts to exploit Western
European neutrality sentiment, This sentiment is born chiefly
of a fear of the destruction resulting from an East-West con-
flict and from knowledge of present incapacity for self-defense.
In Italy, both Palmiro Togliatti, Secretary-General
of the Italian Communist Party'(PCI) and Luigi Longo,, who
reportedly represents the Soviet MGB in the PCT have stressed
the fact that all classes of Italians, rich and9poor alike,
should support the PartyQo efforts to make the Government keep
Italy out of any conflict,, They have made a double appeal to
both nationalism and neutralist sentiment in maintaining that
they are not urging a war against the US, in the manner In
which the Italian Government is urging one against the USSR,
but that they are sincerely dedicated to the cause of peace,
in order to save "our fatherland" from destruction;
China - India
Communist China, which is in a better position to
advance certain international Communist objectives in Asia
than is the USSR itself, appears to have hit upon the technique
of "neutralizing" India by encouraging that country to feel
that it is "neutralizing" China,, For example., the Government
of India (GOl) has advised Peiping to refrain from invading
Taiwan, Tibet, Korea, or Southeast Asia, and views the non-
invasion of those areas as evidence of the beneficent effect
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of Indian representations. The GOI apparently has failed to
consider the probability that Chinese and international Commis
nist strategy does not call for such invasions at this time,
and that India therefore is tipersuading'' Peiping not to embark
on adventures which Peiping does not now intend,, Morever, even
at some future time when Peiping is prepared to assault Taiwan
and invade Tibet, or to take other aggressive action outside
China, Indials high evaluation of its "friendship" with Commu-
nist China will-continue to act as a strong "neutralizing"
factor on India, -- without significantly affecting the policies
of the Peiping regime.
Latin America
Communist emphasis on the "peace" campaign has con-
tinued in most Latin American countries despite meager .results,
Although "peace" propaganda activity continued to spread to
more remote areas, and more signatures to the Stockholm petition
are claimed to have been collected in most countries, results
have generally fallen below expectations of the Communists,
particularly where effective counter-propaganda has developed,
3, ACTIVITIES OF COMMUNIST LABOR ORGANIZATIONS
WFTU: Ceylon Conference
The much heralded WFTU Colombo Conference;, planned
to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the Communist-domi-
nated Ceylon Federation of Trade Unions (CFTU),failed to
achieve much significance because of the effective ban
imposed by Ceylon, with the cooperation of neighboring states,
on giving visas tb the prominent-foreign delegates who had
planned to come. In consequence, the meeting virtually
reduced itself to one of the CFTU, providing an instance where
efficient visa control curtailed the effectiveness and propa-
ganda value of what was intended to be a major Communist-domi-
nated Asian labor rally of international magnitude.
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The fact that the meeting included no foreign dele-
gates may have been a distinct setback to the Communist cause
as it had been expected that important plans for further Soviet-
inspired action. in Asia would be disseminated at that time.
Although the failure of the foreign delegates,to attend may
have hampered the distribution of these plans, it is possible
that another meeting may be held elsewhere under more favorable
circumstances,
WFT.U: Pro ,,ress in Impiementa.na Plans to Organize West Africa
Andre Tollet, a prominent extremist white labor leader
of the French CCTT has reportedly been appointed to head a pro-
jected West African Trade Union Confederation. Tollot has been
expected in West Africa where he will work on the forthcoming
Cameroon conference to which the various Communist-inspired and
nationalist West African trade unions have been invited. It is
reported that political strikes and disorders, particularly along
the coast, are planned. These., however, will be supported by
economic pretexts.
Association of Air and Land Transport Workers
E,TU; Meetir of Administrative Committee of International
The meeting of the Administrative Committee of the
International Association of Air and Land Transport Workers in
Warsaw 18-20 September appears to have had the primary purpose
of stepping up the campaign to return non-ZVTFTU workers in Western
Europe to the Communist fold by closer liaison and cooperation.
Another purpose seems to have been to lay the groundwork for
more efficient disruption of world-wide transport and communi-
cations, on orders from Moscow, with particular emphasis on
sabotaging US arms shipments to Western Europe. From this
viewpoint the meeting may have been similar to that of the
Administrative Committee of the Postal, Telegraph, Telephone
and Radio Workers held 7-9 August in Prague. At that time,,
the PTTR Workers wore urged to sabotage communications channels
and to make impossible the passing on of slanderous information
and all other news which could contribute to the preparation of
warn The ability of both of these WFTU departments to execute
such missions on any large scale appears to be rather limited,
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fe AREAS OF INCREASED CONMJNIST MILITANCY
Geri
Although the "national" elections which will be held
in Eastern Germany on 15 October will consist of voting for a
single slate of candidates previously approved by the Communist
Socialist Unity Party (SED)9 the illusion of a multi-party
front requires "spontaneous" mass participation in election
preparations,, (The election is already rigged to give the SEA
and its subsidiary and duriimy organizations 70 per cent of the
legislative seats,)
German Communist leaders are appealing to the popu-
lation in inflammatory tones to develop "national resistance,.,"
and to sabotage the aggressive aims of the Western Allies in
Germany,, Nutiierous Communist demonstrations in West Germany
continue to result in clashes between demonstrators and police.
The most aggressive group, the F:7ee German Youth (FDJ)a
reportedly is forming strong-arm squads to protect FDJ demon-
strations from police a .nturference0
. This accelorated Communist activity is rosulting in
increasing restrictions being placed on overt Communist activity
in West Germany- the Federal. Government has now ordered the
dismissal from public office of members of the Communist Party,
Such restrictions are causing the West German Communists to
concentrate more and more on covert operations,
The Communist rallies which were to have been held
throughout West Germany on 1 October were forestalled by
alert police action which included a large number of pre-
ventive arrests, There were some minor clashes between police
and rioters, The FDJ had originally planned to hold a "Rally
of 100,000" at Dortmund.,, This was banned by the Land authori-
ties, and rallies throughout the Western zones were substituted
instead?
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The Austrian Communists recently staged their most
serious demonstration in several years. On 26 September,
assisted by large-scale releases of workers from Soviet-con-
trolled firms, an estimated crowd of 10,000 Communists in
Vienna demonstrated against the announcement of a new wage-
price agreement. Although stating their intention to stage a
peaceful demonstration, the Communists broke through police
lines near the Ministry of Interior and, stoned some 400 police
guarding the Federal Chancellery They also interrupted rail
traffic at several spots, stopping rail communications to the
western, provinces for several hours. The riots, which also
took place in areas other than Vienna, were apparently well-
planned and executed with limited Soviet assistance,
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Liiberi,a and Ivor Coast
French West African authorities are expressing con-
cern over persistent rumors that large numbers of firearms are
being smuggled across the border from Liberia,, possibly for the
use of the pro-Soviet RDA Party, which has recently boon reported
active in the Ganta--Saniquelli area of Liberia as well as in the
Ivory Coast. The actual extent of the arms traffic is not known,
although it is reported variously that between 19500 and 159000
guns are now concealed along the Liberian border awaiting trans-
shipment to the Ivory Coast. All guns seized thus far have been
Remington twelve gauge shotguu.ns
Bel ian Cone
It has been reported by a source of unknown reliability
that the USSR, for purposes of espionage and sabotage in the
uranium mines,,has chosen 60 Belgian Congo Negroes to be sent to
Moscow to follow special courses of study in espionage and
sabotage, If true, this report might tie in with the activities
of the,Czech sculptor Francois Foit, reported to have been meet-
ing with "evoluep' (advanced natives) and inducing them to go.
over the Brazzaville on the French side of the Congo for Commu-
nist indoctrination. (See International Communism Monthly,,
September 1950, Vol. II, No. 9, pg. 22)a
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5. ATTEMPTS AT COMMUNIST CONSOLIDATION
China
Communist China's "ideological remoulding movement"
is currently one of Peiping's major political projects.
Essentially, the Party's problems here-are those of* (a) making
study and indoctrination,, in peacetime,, a satisfactory substitute
for the wartdme incentives which had bred large numbers of skill-
ful political technicians,, and (b) effecting a wholesale refor-
mation of Chinas basic institutions while simultaneously
attempting'to reform the cadres themselves. The new bureaucracy
of Communist China is composed largely of the inheritors,, rather
than the producers, of the Communist military victory - and these
"have not been refined in the crucible of revolutionary struggle,"
In addition to organizational and administrative inadequacy,, and
a demonstrated inability to win popular confidence., the bureau-
cracy has begun to exhibit "cynicism" and "corruption." The
problem of "remoulding" China's human resources,, to the extent
envisaged by their Communist leaders., is an impossible labor
which increasingly will compel the Chinese Communists to resort -
far more than they have so far - to the open brutality of a
totalitarian state, .
The strenuous Greek Communist campaign to reorganize and
strengthen the basic structure of the Greek Communist Party (KKE),,
while still very restricted in effect, was augmented somewhat
during late August and September by the appearance of a few more
underground newspapers and the arrival of a small band of specially
trained men via Albania. The latter event ends a lull of almost
a year in Greek Communist border crossings from this quarter.
In conjunction with the arrival in Albania in recent months of
perhaps several hundred Greek Communists who have been given
special training in other satellite areas,, this event may portend
the resumption of some Greek Communist activities based on Albania,,
and the gradual reopening of the guerrillas' former main lines
of communications through mountainous Epirus and Western Macedonia
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into the heart of Greece, At the present stage of KKC plans,
it is hardly the entry of Greek guerrilla combat troops from
Albania that is to be expected, but rather the infiltration
of more specialists operating singly or in small groups, doing
all in their power to avoid contact with the Greek armed forces
and thus not necessarily included in the Greek General Staff3s
still decreasing count of f'guerrillas'r within Greece- In this
war KIT, may perhaps be able.. over a period of months., to import
a considerable number of specialists in leadership, propaganda,
intelligence, conmiunications, and sabotage, as part of its came
paign to build up a formidable new revolutionary organization
within Greece,
Although Tudeh overt activity has been inconspicuous
during the month,, its publications were apparently still given
wide covert circulation and its membership apparently was
being consolidated and educated, While Party stalwarts exercise
great caution in their overt activities., they express confidence
in the airtightness of their underground organization and claim
to have advance information on counter-Tudeh measures of the
police and army, The present quiescence in Tudeh's overt
activities may reflect Soviet restraint of the Party during the
current period of official Soviet friendliness toward Iran.
Unofficially the Soviets have encouraged support for Tudehe
The Clandestine Azerbaijan Democrat station (near Baku) has
praised the Tudeh efforts, as well as those of the Azerbaijan
Democrat Party, to abolish the old system in Iran and has
violently denounced Iranian Premier Razmara and the present
Government? While there is no indication that pro-Soviet groups
.re becoming more popular in Iran, the shift in public opinion,
which is currently critical of the West and more favorable to
the USSR than in the past..`may well facilitate the work of
these groups in the future,
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Hungary `
The Hungarian Communists' drive against their erstwhile
allies, the Social Democrats, appears to be reaching a climax
which may be crowned with a full-scale trial involving leaders
of the former Social Democratic Party. That such a trial might
also be used in an attempt to discredit the Hungarian Social
Democratic emigres and, indirectly, their Socialist confederates
in Western Europe, is indicated in the propaganda accompanying
the arrests of "right-wing Social Democrats" which links them
with COMISCO and the Social Democratic parties in Western Europe
and Scandinavia.
Despite the fact that the propaganda attacks only
alleged "right-wing Social Democrats," the arrests in Hungary
have included not only anti-Communist Social Democratic leaders
but also those pro-Communist Social Democrats who were instru-
mental in merging their party with the Communist Party in 1948
and who have since held prominent government positions.
The campaign against the Social Democrats has not been
restricted to the leaders but has also been waged against the
workers, many of whom have been arrested and tried during the
past few months of charges of sabotage, resistance to Govern-
ment orders, and wage swindling.
This attack on the Social Democrats is motivated by a
desire to eliminate all remnants of the non-totalitarian left,
one of the most dangerous potential enemies of the regime.
That peace overtures to the Social Democrats are hypocritical
gestures is proved by the Communist statement that "only the
Communists are the real representatives of the workers, and
peace-loving people must fight socialism if they wish to live
in peace."
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CURRENT TACTICAL TRENDS IN WESTERN EUROPE
France and Itay
Recent speeches of Thorez and Togliatti, leaders
respectively of the French and Italian Communist parties
suggest that contrasting, though not contradictory, tactics
will be pursued by the two parties in the coming months,
although the essential strategy of `'unity of actions" is
common to both parties, This contrast in tactics is essentially
a function of the different political milieus in which the two
parties find themselves and the different natures of the two
parties themselves.
In France, Thorez's speeches had been characterized
by their relative militancy replete with fulminations against
the French Government and the US and calling on the PCF for
mass action strategy to include some component of violence and
possibly some efforts at sabotage His speech to the Central
Committee on 29 September, however, was more moderate,, Although
Thorez had hitherto held that "peace hangs by a thread," his
speech indicated that he had moved toward closer conformancy
with the Togliatti theme that war is not inevitable and implies
what Togliatti and Longo have stated directly., that capitalism
and socialism can coexist. At the same time, however, he is
direct and unequivocal (as Togliatti has not been) in stating
that "the people of France will nevo' make war on the Soviet
Unions" On the labor front, the Party,aware that its obvious
preoccupation with political objectives has alienated a part
of its labor following, is reverting to a policy of equal
emphasis on legitimate labor demands and the use of labor for
Communist political aims, and seeking "unity of action" toward
common ends with other political and labor groups.
Togliatti's statements, on the other hand, have been
consistently characterized by mildness,, His strategy in Italy
is clearly to attempt to strengthen the mass base of the Party
by exploiting latent neutrality sentiment and by a 4"unity of
action" labor campaign directed toward.the non-Communist labor
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over moderate and legitimate labor issues, (At the same time
however, the Party underground is quietly being strengthened.]
Thus both parties are attempting to implement a '"unity
of action" strategy, but the means of implementation differ
considerably? The PCF, fewer in numbers than their Italian
counterpart and relatively isolated politically, must be more
militant as their isolation and weakness as a mass Party grows?
At the same time. however, it must try to avoid extremes which
would further increase political demands for outlawing the Party.
In Italy, despite setbacks during the past two years, the PCI
still retains a very substantial mass following both in its own
right and through the fellow traveling Nenni Socialists. Less
militant in nature, the PCT itself also exists in a milieu
which is at least potentially more neutrality-minded for his-
torical and geographical reasons. Also, the Communists still
have the easily exploitable economic issues of unemployment
and land refozmn, which do not exist in France in the same degree,
The Togliatti moderate tactics are best adapted to
these frnatur^l" factors, as well as being designed to give less
provocation to the increasing political pressures and action on
the part of the Government toward suppression of the PCI. At
the same time, its covert underground preparations, in conjunc-
tion with these overt mass tactics, combine to maximize its
potential aid to the USSR should the USSR move militarily in
Western Europe?
7. ACTIVITIES OF COMN.[UNI T FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
International Organization of Journalists' Meeting
The third Congress of the International Organization of
Journalists which met in Helsinki 15-17 September was largely a
routine affair, interesting only for a declaration of intention
to change the by-laws of the organization, This change was to
allow individuals and small groups to join the IOJ since.., accord-
ing to IOJ Secretary General Hronek, journalist organizations in
Western countries have withdrawn and individual newspapermen
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have expressed a desire to join the IOJ. There has been no
reported confirmation that this change was actually made during
the Congress,, A final declaration issued at the conclusion of
the Congresss, however, criticized American and British-journalists.
who allegedly attempt to disperse the IOJ and it urged newsmen
of the world to rally around the organization, If journalists
actually join the IN directly as individuals rather than by way
of national organizations, this will represent a change in
25X6 tactics for Communist labor front organizations.
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25X6
Italy
Dissension between the Italian Communist Party (PCT) and
the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) has been aggravated as ,a con?-
sequence of the Korean war. (The, two parties have been joined
in a "unity of action" pact since the end of World War II.)
The most recent episode in the currant stirrings within
the PSI is the reported change of top leader6AAp. The replacement
of Lelia Basso, long-standing Nonni loiutenant, by Rodolfo Morandi
as vice-secretary of the PSI appears well grounded; much less
certain is the rumored withdrawal of Nenni himself from the Party
secretariat, and of a secret PSI executive decision to withdraw
from tho'kinity of actiorP pact with the PCI at the PSI Congress in
November. Whatever the facts of the case may prove to bey the
aim of the PCI to have a haven, for its members, which a separate
PSI would afford, should the Communists be outlawed, must be
considered. along with the chronic concern among the PSI member-
ship over the Party's Communist ties, a concern that has
apparently been considerably accentuated by the Korean war.
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9 P TI-CO1,1MUNIST I ASURES
Western and Northern Europe
Many Western European governments during the past month
proposed or adopted more stringent anti-Communist measures?
In Itall, "civic guards" groups are being formed by the
Interior Ministry out of the best men of the Public Security
Force (which is to be increased by 12,000 to fill the resulting
gaps). These would constitute an elite group to be placed in
vital centers and posts to counteract Communist subversive and
sabotage efforts. The formation of a voluntary "home guard,"
under the Interior Ministry,., is also being discussed? These
groups would be particularly designed to assist the police in
the event of a national emergency,
In France, the formation of a "territorial guard"` similar
to the Italian "home guard" has been decreed.
In Bel ;].Ums the Interior Minister has expressed his
intention of~ conferring with the French and Netherlands police
officials to coordinate anti-Corirrnun.ist security measures, The
Belgian and Swiss Governments are also considering measures to
remove Communists from civil service positions..
In G_ermanyy the Federal Government has issued a decree
blacklisting thirteen organizations (most of them Communist-front
organs), and has issued orders for the dismissal of Oderaocratically
unreliable persons" from the public service.
In Norway, the Government has proposed tightening the
treason laws to impose severer penalities for treason in peace-
timo and. on persons operating as fifth columnists or agents of
a foreign power,
Lebanon
A recent Lebanon broadcast announced plans for a large-
scale, anti-Communist drive and said that the Lebanese Government.
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may soon formally suggest that all Arab states follow its lead
in this endeavor. The reported Lebanese program is to create
a defense organization, the sole function of which would be to
maintain surveillance on Communist Party activities, Although,
many Arab proposals never progress beyond the discussion stage,
it is significant that Lebanese officials have apparently taken
cognizance of the need for such measures. If the Lebanon Govern-
ment does make a consistent effort to restrain Communism this
should result in a substantial curtailment of Communist activity,
inasmuch as reports have indicated that the Government's hitherto
relatively passive attitude has been one factor responsible for
recently increased Communist boldness,
Southeast Asia
Various recent anti-Communist measures in certain South-
east Asian countries may impede the progress of local Communist
movements in that area,
In Australia,, the Minister of Immigration announced
on 31 August that passports will be refused during the next
twelve months to Australians desiring to visit Communist-governed
countries,
Indonesiats new Prime Minister, in his first statement
before Parliament, warned Indonesian Communists that the Govern-
ment will suppress any movement violating the law, endangering
the public peace, or in particular, attempting to change Govern-
ment structure by coup dtetat or armed force. Further indication
of the new Indonesian Government's attitude is the organization
of a new security agency which will concern itself with counter-
intelligence on Communist activities.
In Burma,, Communist influence may have been retarded
by the recent expulsion of Burmese Trade Union Congress (TUCB)
leaders from the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, the
principal political organization behind the Burmese Government.
This expulsion resulted from the failure of the pro-Communist
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TUCB leadership, which openly espoused the Soviet position on
Korea,, to define clearly their attitude toward the Government's
resolution supporting UN action in Korea. Additional indicators
of some decline of Communist influence are the recent appearance
in the Rangoon Chinese community of violently anti-Communist
posters on all local Chinese schools and the publication of a
new weekly paper, which attacks Soviet imperialism and "anti-
freedom forcesprr
In Mal_a,a, one of the channels for the spread of
Communist propaganda in Southeast Asia was eliminated when the
British authorities finally closed the influential Communist-line
Singapore daily published by Tan Kah Kee,, a wealthy Singapore
Chinese who is now a member of the Peking Government's Overseas
Chinese Affairs Commission,,
In the Philiyinos,, as a result of the series of Huk
raids in central Luzon during late August, President Quirino
has ordered the formation of vigilante groups to strengthen anti-
Huk defenses throughout the islands. As yet the viglante duties
and. responsibilities have not been clearly defined nor have their
defense capabilities been demonstrated; Possession of firearms
by additional numbers of the citizenry, moreover, may further
complicate the country's already serious law enforcement problems
particularly in view of the current dissatisfaction with the
Quirino administration.
Latin America
In A,,;,,, entina,., police surveillance has further reduced
Communist demonstrations. In the Brazilian elections, preventive
arrests and seizure of propaganda material crippled pro--election
rallies while court action struck the names of many Communist
candidates from the ballot and the Communists were prevented
from developing expected disorder. The Guatemalan Government
recently ratified the Rio Treaty over Communist protests,
suppressed OCTUBRF, a Communist newspaper, prevented formation
of a workers.' school, and gave considerable international pub-
licity to anti-Communist statements of government officials,
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Ira Ouba, Communists were not allowed to use AMERICA DEPORTIVA
as a substitute for the closed daily newspaper HOY. In Mexico,
non-Commimist labor groups consolidated their organizations and
eliminated some Communist influence within their ranks,
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PART III
CURRENT AND FORTHCOMING COMMUNIST EVENTS
October indefinite
Tunis
National Congress of the
Tunisian Committee for the
Defense of Peace
1
China
1st Anniversary Celebration,
Chinese Peoplols Republic
1
Germany
FDJ Demonstrations in West Germ
man Towns
10-14
Budapest
International Federation of
Miners, WFTU
16
Moscow
Soviet Peace Congress
21
Basel
Congress of Swiss Partisans of
Peace
25
London
(probably)
WFD Y Council
November indefinite
Copenhagen
Danish Peace Congress
4-5
Berlin
German Committee of Peace Par-
tisans' Congress
ff 4-5
if 7
Budapest
Moscow
Hungarian Peace Congress
October Revolution
9-1.2
France
Congress of the Union of the
Republican Youth of France
10
world-wide
World Youth Day
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PMm III (Cont.)
November
10-17
world-wide
International Students' Week
tt
13
Sheffield
2nd World Peace Congress
n
17
world-wide
International Students' Day
17-19
Duesseldorf
KPD Congress
20-25
Mexico City
All Mexican Congress of the
Mexico Comtmanist Party
December
indefinite
Douhala
(Cameroon)
2nd Pan-African Workers' Con-
foren.ce, WFTU
January
19
Italy
Cormnunist Party Congress
1951
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