WHAT MAKES A SPY?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70-00058R000200070022-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 24, 2001
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: December 1, 1963
• Content Type: NSPR

NEW YO1 j,~A o
-is`Nek
IRVIN C. SCARBECK was second secretary at the
U.S. Emlxz.ssy in Warsaw in 1960 when he fell in love
with a 22-year-old Polish girl. A married ratan with
four children, he was photographed in a compro-
m.ising situation by a Polish intelligence agent and
threatened with exposure unless he handed over U.S.
secrets. He resisted some demands, but he did .pro-
vide classified political documents. Searbeck received
a 30-year sentence, a terrible retribution for his cringe
in letting himself he bh,rkmailed into spying.
W
vonder what makes it man.
rya traitor? It's nearly always
_e of five reasons. But there's
a, mysterious Sixth motive
aves even this expert battled
ALLEN W. DULLES
KI6ase 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP70-00058R
Former Director of ehe
Central Intelligence Agency
Author of
The Craft Of Intelligence"
WASHINGTON
This iJAS BERN an open season for uncovering
traitors. The British, German, French and Swedish
governments have made embarrassing admissions
about grave violations of their security. We, have
had our troubles too. In one oriel' period this fall
six U.S. soldiers abroad defected to the wrong side
of the Iron Curtain, all. of them presumably carry-
ing some useful bits of information with them.
And the case of Sgt. Jack F,. Dunlap, who com-
mitted suicide rather than face trial for spying for
the Soviets, really shocked our security people.
The Soviets, too, admitted that they were
badly hurt by Col. Oleg Penkovsky, a strategically
placed Kremlin official and World War 11 hero.
As he stood in the dock at his espionage trial in
Moscow last May, the prosecutor claimed that
HAROLD PHiLBY: Sort of a famous B,
Philby knew Burgess and Maclean at C
versity. In 1949 he beca.-ne first see
British Embassy in Washington. 1
Burgess and Maclean, enabling their
Russia. Investigated in his turn, Plrill
When the case was reopened lost Janua
from Beirut and was granted asylum o
in the USSR. t by did he do it? Ai been, a dedicated Comntiunist s;
Pcnkovsky had passed most valuab
to the Americans and British.
In my war and postwar intcllig of my main jobs was to study deer
major spy incidents and to try to t
traitor's pattern of conduct. Wli
story of treason and traitors makes
lines I am certain to be asked, "Ho
turn against his homeland? Who
people commit treason?'; My co
help you to look beneath the surfac
your newspaper reveals a new c:
which I ant using here in the coil
betrayal.
Here, in my opinion, are the p that people become traitors:
I The ideological Communist ser'
Whittaker Chambers in "Witness"
appears to the Communist not
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP70-0
-c 've just been talking to
arlin Perkins, former Chi-
. now St. Louis zoo curator
BC-TV's "Wild Kingdom,"
n that has bothered us for a
ich animal is the smartest?
_plained there is no IQ test
at he was willing to list the
?easts, based on his years of
d research.
check your ratings against
^encil and number the eight
.ed above - 1 for the bright-
cond brightest, and so on.
d only eight, but maybe you
the other two animals on his
mnd the complete list at the
page.
you, there are no porpoises or
_, Mr. Perkins, a landlubber,
't associated with enough of
judgment. He allows, though,
marter than anybody!
Big curiosity for U.S. tour-
ists in Denmark is Loui-
rk liana, a beautiful modern
not far from Hamlet's castle
First thing every American
-v is it called Louisiana?" Not
pus southern state, it turns out.
planation is this: The original
owner of the property named
st wife, Louise. When she died,
-mself a second and a third wife,
in also named Louise, to keep it
After such fidelity, Danes didn't
_eart to change the name when
)ecame a museum.
There's a mystery about the
Verrazano -Narrows Bridge,
k the new record span-length
.f New York Harbor. Its two
jwers are exactly 4,260 feet apart
ases, but 4,260 feet, one and five-
ches at their summits.
The answer is simple: The cure-
the earth makes the towers "lean"
a each other, and this is one of the
tors famed bridge engineer 0. fl-
. had to consider in his design.
Mr. Perkins' list of animal geniuses is as
Anthropoids (within this group chimpanzees
.on apes, orangutangs, gibbons, and all lower
2. Dogs, 3. Cats, 4. Raccoons and related
., 5. Elephants, 6. Pigs, 7. Horses, 8. Birds,
and amphibians (turtles, snakes, toads, frogs
er), 10. Fish.
Soon after a kitten is born, she can start getting the
numerous banefits of puss 'n Boots cat food. a Backed
by 28 years of research, Puss 'n Boots contains all the
proteins, all the vitamins, and all the minerals a cat
is known to need for good health. a Do cats like
Puss 'n Boots? Its taste has made it America's Number
1 cat food. a Start your cat on Puss 'n Boots. In a mat-
ter of weeks, you'll see what a difference it makes.
Puss 'n Boots . e . so nutritious - is the only food you
Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP70-00058R000200070022-8
 SS: As second secretary at the British
f''a.shington?, Burgess was in on secrets of
relations. He defected to Russia with
ean, also of the British Foreign Office,
dedicated Communist, he had another
s treasonable activity. "He relished the
atrigue and excitement, the pleasure of
Viers," says Dulles. "Burgess felt ru-
se he could lead a dangerous life and
th it." He did his spying for kicks.
soral act committed for a faith against
ummunist considers a bankrupt system,
This kind of traitor, as we shall see,
most dangerous.
osenbergs, executed for espionage here
fall in this category. So does Klaus
n hid his Communist background while
atomic secrets to the Soviets from 1943
I believe he did more harm to his
Duntry, Britain, and the United States
ether spy in modern times. His Marxist
him a schizophrenic mentality which
,in to betray friends and country.
es Paques, discovered just a few months
_lliant French counter-intelligence work,
a rightist, but actually had been spying
Dviets since 1958. His role in the Soviet
do France is yet to be revealed, but as
:cr for NATO and the French Military he
- to important defense secrets.
COLONEL STIG WENNERSTROM was arrested last
June in Sweden on charges of giving Soviet Russia
military information on Sweden, the U.S. and its
allies. He confessed to having worked for the Rus-
sians for 15 years, including the period 1952-57
when he was Air Attache at the Swedish Embassy in
the U.S. He was a popular and totally unsuspected
.figure in Washington. iVennerstrom, still under in-
vestigation in Sweden, recently attempted suicide.
.A man of expensive tastes, he spied for mnoney.
No two people differed outwardly more than
Fuchs and Guy Burgess, the British aristocrat, but
the background cause of their traitorous conduct
was similar. Both Burgess and Donald Maclean, as
well as the third most dangerous man of this in-
famous spy ring, Harold (Kim) Philby, who this
year sought refuge in the Soviet Union, were
products of the seamy political thinking of some of
the youth of the Thirties. But I would stress that
ideological treason is a two-way street. In recent
years, especially since the revelation of Stalin's
crimes, there have been more important defections
from communism to freedom than vice versa.
Some of these have been unheralded and undis-
closed; some, like the Penkovsky case, widely
publicized.
2 Another category of people become traitors
to satisfy their egos, to feel important and
different from their fellows. The frustrated and
BERNON F. MITCHELL: The 1960 flight of 31-yea
old Mitchell and his buddy William H. Marti
stunned the National Security Agency at Fort Mead
Md., for which they worked as mathematicians. TJ
CIA traced them to Cuba, and the two soon appear)
in Moscow and announced their defection. "Mitchell
living quarters were a shambles," reports Dulh
"Obviously something was wrong with someone w,
lived the way he did." This man became a trail
"for reasons ~chich defy rational analysis
dissatisfied betray to gain the recognition or poi
they . feel their country denies them. Bene Arnold and Norway's Major Vidkun Quisling
World War II committed treason for such reasc
3 It is hard to believe, but some people takf
treason just for "kicks." Having exhausted
normal and perhaps sonic of the abnormal thril'
few people find spying against their country a n
exciting, more thrilling and dangerous "pastin
Guy Burgess, although a Marxist too,
partly in this category. So does Mata Hari,
famous spy of the First World War. She w~
have worked for either side - the Germans
hired her first - and money was only an ai
inducement.
4 One of the most trodden roads to treas+
through blackmail. The Communists keep
velously complete dossiers - continued on p
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP70-00058R0002000 22-80
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THIS WEEK Magazine
 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 CIA-RDP70-00058R000200070022-8
WHAT MAKES A SPY? - Continued from page 7
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"A Trademark of THE SINGER COMPANY.
Blackmail and brit
on anyone who might be of interest
to them (I would give a good deal
to see the folder on myself) and
they are quick to take advantage
of any human weakness these files
disclose. Once entrapped, the vic-
tim is given a choice between
passing along information or hav-
ing his career or family life
wrecked.
William Vassall, a British civil
servant with access to important
naval secrets, is a recent case in
point. ^Vassall is a homosexual
and had served behind the Curtain,
where the Communists could easily
analyze his weaknesses and set up
his recruitment.
The case of our own traitor,
Irvin Scarbeck, the State Depart-
ment employee who was compro-
mised in Warsaw with a Polish
girl and then blackmailed into
serving the Polish intelligence ser-
vice, is of a similar sordid type.
Two of the most serious cases
of blackmail-induced treason have
recently come to light in West
Germany. Alfred Frenzel, a prom-
inent Socialist member of the West
German parliament, had a secret
Communist past. He easily suc-
cumbed to the threat of exposure.
The entrapment of Heinz
Felfe, who by 1960 had become a
senior officer of the West German
intelligence service, shows the more
usual side of the coin. Felfe had
had a sordid past as a member of
the Nazi Gestapo. Moscow knew
he was trying to cover this up.
The threat of disclosure, forti-
fied by a substantial bribe, induced
Felfe to work for the Soviets.
5 Money led to Judas Iscariot's
treason, and money makes trai-
tors today. It played a major role
in one important recent case -
that of Col. Stig Wennerstrom,
Swedish air attache in the United
States. (See Page 7.)
6 Finally, people become traitors
for reasons which defy rational
analysis. Nourished grievances
and hatreds may bring strange psy-
chopathic reactions. There are
many misfits, and human beings
just do queer things.
This irrational pattern can be
found in many of the cases of
lower-level military people who
cross over to escape a neurotic
life situation - which they blame
on the "system" or "the,
ties."
A more serious inst;
neurotic treason was exp,
the flight behind the Cui
1960 of two technicians,
H. Martin and Bernon F. D
from our highly sensitive r
Security Agency.
Can we block frea.
If we know these Si which lead to treason, wl
we block them? If in tht
you are shocked by the e
of other cases of treason,
ber that in the free we
security services cannot g(
into the private lives of
even government employer
out good evidence of ques
behavior.
We have learned not
the known heavy drink(
homosexuals, the neurot
those with Communist ta.
would be easy victims of th
net.
But, as in the case
beck, it is possible to hire
man or woman with a
record. Five years later,
the stress and temptation c
sive overseas work, you c
a security risk on your ha
That is why Gen. Bedel
my predecessor as Director
tral Intelligence, startled t.
one day by saying one muse
that there could be a Sovi
in the CIA. During my p
service, we detected sever,
emotional attempts to p
the agency; so far as I knt
succeeded.
As long as people hav
ideological convictions,
weaknesses and distorte(
there will be those who
their native land. Both sid,
ideological struggle will h
tories and defeats in thi
war Communism has thru
us. Of one thing I can as-
-never before has our
been 'so well protected as i
by the FBI and the CIA. fact that today we are i
more of the traitors and s
tribute to the West's grow
in counterespionage. No
can be foolproof, but the
this particular area of cc
turning in our favor.
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 Approved For Release 2001/03/02 : CIA-RDP70-00058R000200070022-8
By WILLIAM CIIAMBEIi
Illustrations by Don Almquist
It had saved Lieutenant Rhodes ft
Viet Gong guerrillas. But now had. to face the prettiest secrete
the toughest old general in the V
THE PENTAGON ,uis not
used to seeing Siamese cats
stalking alorq, the corridor
FIRST LIEUTENANT Dusty Rhodes, U.S. An
Forces, flung his green beret at the bed, narroi
General Kong, who was sitting there. Dusty
AWOL from his desk in the Pentagon this of
not that anyone was apt to miss him, he con
terly. In the six weeks he'd been there he'd fi
useful as a fifth wheel on a bicycle.
"Turned down again," he said dourly to
"So I go on shuffling papers. A moron could
What he meant was that his latest requei
to his regular outfit in Vietnam had come b
the others, with a big, fat "Disapproved" sta
The paper said By command of Major Ge
wick," but some major had signed it, and Dust
sure that General Hardwick had never even sE
nails Hardwick was chief of the division, I
rooster whom Dusty had seen only from a di
If I could just get in to see Hobnails him
talk him into approving it," Dusty said moo
eral Kong.
General Kong jumped from the bed to the
stared back at Dusty with blue, slanted eyes
his own disappointment over the bad news in
disagreeable yowl that only a - cantinw
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