USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-03107A000100020010-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 26, 1999
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: June 5, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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COPY
USSR,
ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION
EQUIPMENT
Number Ia 5 June 1959
000 BEY GATE BY Q 6
TYPE -3O
CRIO COMP ._ CPI
WC, CLASS _A_ PASS REV CLASS JUST NEXT REV -- AUTH: HR 70.2
Prepared by
Foreign Documents Division
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
2430 E. St., N. W., Washington 25, D.C.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information selected from
Russian-language publications as indicated. It is produced
and disseminated as an aid to United States Government
research.
USSR ELECTRONIC AND PRECISION EQUIPMENT
Table of Contents
I. Items of Special Interest
A. State Committee for Automation and Machine Building
B. Electronics in Instrument Making
C. Aircraft Instruments
D. New Galvanic Dry Cells
E. Schools for Radio Assemblers
F. Plants
G. Defective Camera
H. Voltage Converter for Battery Radios
I. Ozone Air Freshener
II. Local Production and Organization
A. RSFSR
B. Armenian SSR
C. Georgian SSR
D. Azerbaydzhan SSR
E. Lithuanian SSR
F. Kazakh SSR
III. Electronic Equipment
A. General
B. Radio
C. Television
D. Telephones
E. Components
F. Prices
Page
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IV.
V.
Computers
Instruments
25
A.
General
25
B.
Industrial Controls
26
C.
Electrical Inst:rimi,: lts
29
D.
Geophysical Apparatus
30
E.
Medical Equipment
31
F.
Testing Equipment
31
G.
Watchmaking
32
VI.
Photographic and Motion-Picture Equipment
33
VII.
Electrical Products
36
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I. ITEMS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
A. State Committee for Automation and Machine Buildin
In economic administrative regions, the sovnarkhozes and their techni-
cal and economic councils should organize work concerning mechanization
and automation. The recently created State Committee for Automation and
Machine Building of the Council of Ministers USSR will coordinate all the
work in the country concerned with the development and introduction of
mechanization and automation, and will see to it that the principal
technical bases of mechanization and automation -- namely, machine building
and instrument making; -- are developed correspondingly. (Moscow, Mekhani-
zatsiya i Avtonnatizatsiya Proizvodstva, mar 59, p 5)
B. Electronics in Instrument Making
With the development of radioelectronics, the barriers between groups
of instruments, such as control and measuring instruments, automatic regu-
lators, computing devices, telemechanical equipment, and other control
equipment, are breaking down. Limitations on speed, precision, flexibility,
reliability, and distance are disappearing. Automation production of the
future will be thought of as complete manufacturing systems controlled by
central radioelectronic machines.
In 1957, radio engineering production in the USSR was 18 times that
of 1943- In 1957 alone, 450 new products were put into production. The
production of electronic, ion, and semiconductor components, and also .
radio components, is approximately doubled each year. These components
satisfy the needs of both the radio and instrument making industries.
Magnetic and semiconductor components are important rivals of vacuum
tubes. New ion, dielectric, electroluminescent, radioactive, superconduc-
tive, and other components have been developed and will prove to be of
great importance in the future.
(Source gives additional information on electronics in instrument
making.) (Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Mar 59, p 7)
C. Aircraft Instruments
Although aviation technology is progressing rapidly, the supply of
control and measuring equipment for outfitting aircraft is still behind
current requirements. The radio industry still produces an insufficient
amount of small, compact control and measuring equipment. Sometimes rather
poor instruments must be used. For example, the standard signal generators,
which are one of the basic kinds of instruments used for checking the
radio equipment of aircraft, are extremely heavy and require highly stable
power sources.
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Many instruments for measuring resistance, inductance, etc. are pro-
duced industrially, but they are very unsuitable in operation.
The instruments for checking radio stations and radio compasses are
deficient both in the way they are made and in the accuracy of their
measurements. They are inaccurate because they use obsolete components,
such as large tubes, resistors, and switches.
To satisfy modern technical requirements, the equipment should be
well-made, small, and easily transportable and should not require indus-
trial current for supply. It would be sufficient, for instance, to use
semiconductors and ferrite and other miniature components in instruments,
since such instruments could then be supplied by flashlight batteries.
Radio components should be standardized. The same intermediate
frequency units, radio-frequency units, video channel units, and other
units should be used in all sets.
Strict heed should be paid to aviators' suggestions, and their inno-
vations should be used in the production of control and measuring equip-
ment. -- Ye. Telengator, Engineer-Colonel (Moscow, Sovetskaya Aviatsiya,
?0 Jan 59)
D. New Galvanic Dry Cells
New galvanic dry cells are much smaller than any previous types of
power sources; they are the shape of buttons and vary in diameter from
11 to 30 mm. An 11-mm cell mounted in a Pobeda-type watch mechanism can
keep the watch running for a year without winding. By increasing the
cell's diameter to 30 mm, its output power is more than quintupled.
The so-called miniature nuclear battery, which is about the size of
a matchbox, has a voltage of 400 volts. It can be used in apparatus
requiring high-voltage and extremely low currents. It is the most durable
of all miniature power sources.
The miniature silver battery, which is only as high as half the
length of a matchstick, is capable of supplying 3-4 amp of current. Several
such types of batteries have been designed with output currents from 3 to
1,000 amp. The entire series of silver batteries is one fifth the size of
well-known lead-acid batteries.
The new cells and batteries have been developed in the Scientific
Research Institute of Current Sources. Undoubtedly, they will be put into
large-scale use in technology. -- D. Alekseyev (Moscow, Sovetskaya
Aviatsiya, 11 Mar 59)
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E. Schools for Radio Assemblers
Recently, technical and trade schools for training assemblers of radio
equipment have been organized in many cities. These schools are improving
the skills of their students, and are using the students for making improve-
ments in the schools themselves.
For example, a radio engineering room with expositions of various
capacitors and tubes was set up with the aid of students at the Omsk Trade
School No 3.
Graphic educational aids have been made in schools of Leiningrad.
These aids consist of enlarged diagrams of radio tubes and various radio
receivers. (Moscow, Professional'no-Tekhnicheskoye Obrazovaniye, Mar 59,
p 28)
F. Plants
The Cheboksary Electrical Performing Mechanisms Plant (Cheboksarskiy
zavod elektricheskikh ispolnitel'nykh mekhanizmov) is supplying IM2/120
performing mechanisms (1). Specifications of the IM2/120 are as follows:
Rated moment on output shaft 2 kg/m
Power input 26 watts
Output shaft rotation time 120 sec
Voltage
220 volts
Weight
22 kg
The plant is located at Kanashskoye Shosse, Cheboksary. Its abbre-
viated name is EZIM. -- Advertisement (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya
Gazeta, 9 Jan 59)
[Comment: This appears to be a new plant.]
(1) Photo available in source, p 1, bottom
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The Moscow Electrical Machine Building Plant [Stalinskiy Rayon] ships
a great variety of products, ranging from electric record players to elec-
tric machines, to all parts of the USSR and to foreign countries. Products
made by this plant are in operation at the Uhan Metallurgical Combine in
China. (Moscow, Moskovskaya Pravda, 23 Jan 59)
[Comment: References to this plant in available sources have been
comparatively infrequent.]
G. Defective Camera
A technologist from the Khar'kov Transport Machine Building Plant
imeni Malyshev sent back from the Antarctic an urgent request for an FED-2
camera, which his wife purchased at the Khar'kov Central Department-Store
and sent to him. The technologist, Kovalevskiy, exposed many rolls of
film on activities, conditions, and objects in Antarctica; on the ship,
and in foreign ports during the trip home. However, when the film was
developed, not a single exposure was printable. Every "picture" was only
a series of round splotches. At the repair shop it was discovered that
the lens of the camera had no internal elements; it was a factory reject.
Of course, the camera was promptly replaced by the plant with one of
excellent quality, but Kovalevskiy is still wondering how such an obvious
reject could have passed quality control. (Moscow, Sovetskoye Foto,
Jan 59, p 86)
H. Voltage Converter for Battery Radios
A small voltage converter for supplying the filament and plate circuits
of Rodina-52, Iskra, Nov', Voronezh, and other battery radios from low-
voltage batteries has been made available for purchase.
The power source for this converter may consist of five series-
connected batteries of the 1.30-NVMTs-150 type, or any other 4.2-6-volt
source (automotive storage batteries, flashlight batteries, etc.).
This instrument is mounted in a metal housing. It employs germanium
transistors. The low-voltage current source is connected to the input of.
the converter and is turned on during operation of the radio by means of a
tumbler switch. The output of the instrument
the filament and plate circuits. The efficiency oofathevconverter riseating
least 50 percent, and input current is no greater than 300 milliamperes.
The instrument measures 145 x 100 x 58 mm and weighs 20
is 135 rubles. (Moscow Novyye grams. The price
vyye Tovary No 2, 1959, P 1)
[Comment: The use of a converter with a low-voltage battery is
apparently one method of compensating for the shortage of high-voltage
batteries in the USSR.]
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I. Ozone Air Freshener
The new type OV-l electrical ozone air freshener purifies air with
the ozone it produces. This instrument is plugged into a 127- or 220-
volt AC circuit, and has an input of 12 watts. It is produced by the
Moscow Fizpribor Plant and will be put into use on a large scale.
The OV-1 measures 190 x 150 x 80 mm, weighs 2.5 kg, and sells for
164 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 3, 1959, p 1)
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II. LOCAL PRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATION
The Scientific Research Institute of Scales and Instruments of
the Moscow City Sovnarkhoz needs scientific workers and engineers for
work in the fields of electronic measuring instruments-, electrical auto-
matics, and electrical measurements; radio engineers; instrument designers;
class-7 radio assemblers; class-7 mechanics; and specialists in engineering
calculations with experience in calculating elastic systems of power-
measuring instruments.
Applications should be made to the Personnel Division of the
institute at Kholodil'nyy Pereulok 1, Moscow. -- Advertisement (Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 23 Jan 59)
The Novosibirskiy Sovnarkhoz has an Administration of Radio Engi-
neering Industry.
The Technical and Economic Council of the sovnarkhoz and its
sections work closely with scientific and technical societies, production
workers, and trade union organizations. One of the conferences organized
by the Radio Engineering Section was devoted to increasing labor produc-
tivity. This conference was attended by representatives of a number of
enterprises and institutes in the Novosibirsk economic region and in other
USSR cities. (Moscow, Sovetskiye Profsoyuzy, No 5, Mar 59, pp 20-21.)
B. Armenian SSR
In 1957, by decision of the Council of Ministers USSR, a number of
new scientific institutes and instrument making plants were organized in
Armenia.
The Kirovakan Scientific Research Institute for the Automation of
Production Processes in the Chemical Industry and Nonferrous Metallurgy,
also called the chemical institute, is working on the over-all automation
of a number of existing and planned chemical industry enterprises. Effi-
cient systems for the automatic regulation of polymerization processes
have been found; one of these has been put into use at the [Yerevan Syn-
thetic Rubber] Plant imeni Kirov.
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The Avtomatika Independent Design Bureau was also organized in
Kirovakan. This bureau is developing a series of performing mechanisms.
A plant specializing in the production of miniature potentiometers and
bridges has also been organized in Kirovakan.
The Prompribor Independent Design Bureau has been organized in
Leninakan. This bureau has already developed three new types of electronic
moisture meters. The Yerevan Instrument Making Plant, which was organized
in 1956, has'aiready produced tens of thousands of galvanometers, current-
ratio meters, and other instruments. An electrical metal-ceramic products
plant is being organized.
In 1956, the Scientific Research Institute of Mathematical Machines
was organized in Yerevan. This institute is engaged in the development
and design of new high-speed electronic computers, both universal and
specialized types. In one year, the institute organized an experimental
base, where a computer has been built, adjusted, and put into operation.
The institute has already developed and built the miniature'Yerevan
computer and the small Aragats computers, and has prepared them for oper-
ational setup. The Aragats can perform from 10,000 to 20,000 operations
per second.
In 1959, this institute will complete the development of the new high-
speed Razdan computer. This all-transistor machine performs several thou-
sand;mathematical operations per second. The institute is also developing
a machine for processing the results of the All-Union Census, a machine
for the automatic control of electrolysis processes in aluminum vats, and
a machine for controlling power processes in the Sevan-Razdan cascade of
electric power stations.
The institute has just begun the development of superhigh-speed vacuum
tube computers and semiconductor computers. The desire to raise the oper-
ational speed of machines is a matter of keeping up with the constantly
growing demands of modern technology and science. -- S. Mergelyan, Director,
Scientific Research Institute of Mathematical Machines (Yerevan, Komrrmunist,
13 Jan 59)
The Yerevan Elektrotochpribor Plant has mastered the production of
high-precision medium-size microammeters and milliammeters; millivoltmeters;
high-voltage indicators; current finders; and low-voltage snap-around
amprobes. It also produces these instruments for operation in hot and
humid climates. Plant designers have developed new types of microammeters
with magnets inside the frames in both rod-mounted and flush-mounted
versions, and new high-voltage snap-around amprobes.
The new Yerevan Instrument Making Plant has begun series production
of thermal measuring instruments. The Kirovakan Avtomatika Plant has pro-
duced its first miniature electronic induction instruments for the control
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and regulation of thermal power processes. Leninakan instrument makers
have begun the production of viscosimeters. During the Seven-Year Plan,
performing mechanisms plants and other instrument making enterprises will
be organized in Armenia.
The Leninakan Prompribor Independent Design Bureau has developed a
portable moisture meter for determining the moisture content of grain. A
regulator of fabric moisture content has been developed by order of the
Leninakan Textile Combine. An experimental model of'this regulator is
undergoing testing at one of the mills of the combine.
The Kirovakan Avtomatika Independent Design Bureau has developed a
number of MZK electrical performing mechanisms designed for moving regu-
lating components of automatic and remote control systems. They will be
widely used at enterprises of the metallurgical, chemical, petroleum,
power engineering, and other branches of industry. Experimental models
of performing mechanism, along with manufacturing documents, have been
submitted for series production. Air-conditioning equipment needed by
synthetic fiber plants has also been submitted for industrial production.
(Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 14 Jan 59)
C. Georgian SSR
The Staliniri Elektrovibromashina and Emal'provod plants are the
first electrical industry enterprises in the Yugo-Osetinskaya Autonomous
Oblast. The Elektrovibromashina Plant produced its first few new products
at the end of 1958. In 1959, it will be producing vibrating machines,
small boilers, carts, and other products; its output will be double that
of 1958.
The Emal'provod Plant is striving to get out its first products. Its
personnel have been sent for training to leading [cable?] plants in the
USSR. (Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 7 Jan 59)
In 1959, electrical and instrument plants founded during-1958 in
Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Batumi, Sukhumi, Staliniri, Gori, Poti, Zestafoni, and
other cities will begin the production of many new machines and materials,
such as automatic electric welding equipment, tower crane electric motors,
micropower electric motors, electric carts, turbopumps, electric drilling
rigs, and electric washing machines. -- G. D. Dzhavakhishvili, Chairman,
Council of Ministers Georgian SSR (Tbilisi) Zarya VostOka, 10 Jan 59)
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D. Azerbaydzhan SSR
The Seven-Year Plan forecasts a tripling of the gross output of the
machine building industry of the Azerbaydzhan Sovnarkhoz. This includes
an increase in the production of instruments to 7.6 times and of electrical
equipment to 6.1 times the current level.
The construction of the Baku Electrical Machinery Plant will be com-
pleted so as to have it operating at planned capacity. A cable plant will
begin production in 1959; an illumination engineering equipment plant will
begin production in 1960; an electrical installation products plant will
begin operations in 1961; an electrical insulation materials plant will
start production in 1963. -- I. D. Mustafayev, First Secretary, Central
Committee, Communist Party of Azerbaydzhan (Baku, Bakinskiy Rabochiy,
9 Jan 59)
E. Lithuanian SSR
in 1959, the output of the instrument making industry of the Lithuanian
SSR will rise 23 percent over the 1958 level. This figure includes a 35-
percent increase in the production of electric motors, an increase of
around 300 percent in the production of radio receivers, and a 150-percent
rise in the production of computing machines. The Panevezhis Cable Products
Plant (Panevezhskiy zavod kabel'nykh izdeliy), the Vil'nyus Television
Unit Plant (Vil'nyusskiy zavod televizionnykh uzlov), and the Kedaynyay
Low-Voltage Equipment Plant (Kedaynskiy zavod nizkovol'tnoy apparatury)
will deliver their first products. -- K. Kayris, Chairman, Lithuanian
Sovnarkhoz (Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 10 Jan 59)
In 1959, the Panevezhis Cable Plant (Panevezhskiy kabel'nyy zavod),
the Vil?nyus Television Unit Plant (Vilnyusskiy zavod televizionnykh uzlov),
and the Kedaynyay Low-Voltage Electrical Equipment Plant (Ked~ynskiy zavod
nizkovol'tnoy elektroapparatury) will go into operation. (Vi 'nyus,
Sovetskaya Litva, 20 Jan 59)
During 1959-1965, enterprises of the Lithuanian Sovnarkhoz will begin
the production of new small electric meters, new two-speed tape recorders,
and transistorized tape recorder attachments. Instrument plants will pro-
duce equipment developed by the Scientific Research Institute of Electric
Engraving, including units for the production of photosemiconductive paper,
blueprint reproduction units, and magnetic engraving machines (magnitograf-
skiye mashiny). -- M. Zenkevich, Deputy Chief, Technical Division, Lithu-
anian Sovnarkhoz; Yu. Rusenko, Senior Engineer for Automation and Mechani-
zation, Lithuanian Sovnarkhoz (Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Litva, 10 Jan 59)
F. Kazakh SSR
During the Seven-Year Plan, the production of X-ray equipment, oxygen
respiration equipment, and instruments for gas analysis will be organized
in Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, 15 Jan 59)
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III. ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
The USSR now occupies one of the leading places in world radioelectronics.
There is no complex radioelectronic equipment in the world that the Soviet
radio industry could not develop and produce.
Now, even the most inveterate critics of the socialist system must
admit that Soviet science and technology in many fields has surpassed
that of technologically advanced countries such as the US. Soviet spe-
cialists were the first to develop electronic equipment which could be
used for launching the first earth satellites and for sending the Soviet
cosmic rocket into space.
In 1958, the USSR radio industry produced tens of millions of semi-
conductors, hundred of millions of vacuum tubes, and about one billion
radio components of various types.
During the Seven-Year Plan, there will be a conversion in industry to
over-all automation and mechanization by electronic means. This will require
accelerated development of the scientific research and production bases of
the radioelectronic industry.
With the wider use of radioelectronic equipment, and with an impending
increase in the areas of its application, more specialists will be required.
However, this does not mean that the development of radioelectronic equip
ment can take place only centrally, in special radio engineering organizations.
All scientific research and design organizations of various branches of the
national economy where the possibilities and need for radioelectronic methods
have been shenshould be drawn into this work. For this purpose, specialists
of these branches of technology should study radioelectronics and find appli-
cations for it in cooperation with radio specialists.
Thus, the primary tasks of radio engineering organizations are to be
development and production of radio components for building radioelectronic
systems.
Until recently, the components produced have been limited to such prod-
ucts as vacuum tubes, semiconductors, resistors, capacitors, ferrite cores,
and a small number of such simple parts as tube panels, switch wafers,
ceramic products, and basic units of television and radio receivers. Now
it is time to effect a radical expansion in the variety of radio components
developed centrally.
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These components should include fully assembled tube stages, audio
and intermediate-frequency amplifiers, analog computer registers (yacheyka),
delay lines, converter circuits, matching devices, add many other units of
complex radioelectronic systems which can be standardized. These components
will be like bricks, which will be used for building complex equipment.
Such a system will cut down the work of designers considerably, and will
accelerate the development of new equipment and simplify putting this
equipment into production. The large-scale usage of standardized units
will make it possible to utilize modern high-production methods, including
full automation of industrial processes in producing them centrally, this
in turn will lower the cost of such units and the cost of radioelectronic
apparatus made out of them.
A second no less important problem is that of increasing the reli-
ability of redioelectronic equipment. This is one of the most important
tasks of designers and radio industry workers during the Seven-year Plan.
Soviet engineers and scientists have done much work in the development
of semiconductors. Those transistors which have been put into production
and those which have been developed by USSR scientific research organizations
can be used in various radioelectronic equipment. The sovaarkhozes should
increase the production of semiconductors in all possible ways, and should
improve industrial processes in such a way that the cost of semiconductors
would not exceed that of vacuum tubes and that in the future the cost
would be below that of vacuum tubes.
In 1965, 4.6 times as many television sets and 1.7 times as many
radio receivers will be produced as in 1958. For this purpose, radio
industry workers must solve a number of important problems, one of which
is lowering the production costs of mass-types of receivers, especially
television sets, so that they could be available to all strata of the popu-
lation.
A sharp cut in the cost of television sets can occur only when modern
high-production methods of production are introduced, such as the automation
of component production and assembly operations. For this reason, the
designs of all newly developed television sets should satisfy the requirements
of automated production.
Much work has to be done by designers in improving video, since so far
television sets and television transmitting equipment do not utilize all of
the qualitative indexes embodied in the Soviet standard for television sig-
nals.
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At present, the radio industry is finishing the development and pro-
duction of color transmission equipment for the Moscow Television Center.
Experimental color television transmissions will begin in 1959. By the
end of the Seven-Year Plan, color transmissions will begin in a number
of the largest cities of the USSR. However, scientific research and ex-
perimental design work in the field of color television will continue through
1959-1965, since the main task, the creation of a low-cost color television
set no more expensive than a black-and-white set, has not been solved. Only
if a cheap design can be found can color television be put into large-scale
use in the USSR.
I
New postwar models of USSR radio receivers and radio-phonographs have
been improved by lowering frequency and nonlinear distortion. Improvements
have been made lately in connection with the introduction of stereophonic
systems. Scientific research institutes are working on the problems of
utilizing stereo sound in tapes and records and in radiobroadcasting.
During the Seven-Year Plan, television and radio transmission equip-
ment must be modernized to a great extent. Besides improving the quality
of radio and television channels, it is necessary to provide for a maximum
reduction in operating costs. This can be achieved by using automatic
remote-control systems, which would make large operating staffs unnecessary.
Ultrashort-wave stations, wired-radio units, intermediate stations of radio
relay lines, and other equipment should be made so as not to require operat-
ing personnel. Work under way at present should be completed so that the
new automatic equipment can be put into operation during the early years
of the Seven-Year Plan.
Practically all the computing apparatus used for space research is
based on electronic principles. Our designers will develop new improved
equipment for space ships. -- V. Kalmykov, Chairman, State Committee for
Radioelectronics, Council of Ministers USSR (Moscow, Radio, Mar 59, pp 6-7)
Scientists of the Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications
imeni M. A. Bonch-Bruyevich are solving many important problems in the
realm of telecommunications and radioelectronics.
Docent F. V. Kushnir, Deputy Chief for Scientific Work of the institute,
states that his laboratories are doing work in the development of components
for color television, computers, electronic automatics, long-distance ultra-
short-wave radio relay lines, and other items.
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The Television Laboratory headed by Prof P. V. Shmakov has developed
equipment for transmitting color pictures from studios and for showing
color motion pictures.
The currently operating radio relay line between Leningrad and Tallin
makes it possible to have multichannel telephony, telegraphy, radiobroadcast-
ing, and television broadcasting. The relay stations on this line are located
on an average of 50 km apart.
The Chair of Radio Transmitting and Receiving Installations and the
Chair of Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation are doing extensive work in
the development of transmitters and receivers which would make it possible
to cut the number of relay stations to one fifth to one sixth the present
number. Regular communications between two relay stations located about
300 km from each other have been achieved on one of the frequencies of the
band under study. During the night of 6-7 January 1959, success was achieved
in receiving ultrashort-wave signals from a distance of about 2,000 km.
Great contributions to this work are being made by communists such as
Prof G. A. Zeytlenok (2); Prof M. P. Dolukhanov; Docent I. I. Fomichev
(3), a member of the institute's party bureau; Docent Ye. V. Ryzhkov;
Leading Engineer G. V. Benben; and Senior Mechanical Technician L. D.
Khol'nyy. (Leningradskaya Pravda, 9 Jan 59)
(2) Photo available in source, p 2, top, right, middle figure
(3) Photo available in source, p 2, top, right, left figure
B. Radio
The USSR radio engineering industry has developed a new FM ultrashort-
wave radio station, which is designed for operation without steady operating
personnel and can be controlled from a distance of about 10 km. The new
equipment is superior to analogous equipment now in series production and
in operation in the USSR, since it is smaller in size, has higher acoustic
qualities and efficiency, and has better operational qualities.
(Source gives complete description of this new equipment.) (Moscow,
Vestnik Svyazi, Mar 59, pp 9-10)
The ZhR-l train radio was developed in 191+8. It is designed for operat-
ing on one of ten possible frequencies in the 111+-113.5-meter band.' At
present, several thousand ZhR-1 radios are in use for yard operations.
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In 1954, the new ZhR-3 train radio was developed. It is less prone to
interference than the ZbR-1 and operates on the same wave band. The next
step to be taken is to replace these radios with new ultrashort-wave types.
The type ZhR-4P portable radios have been developed for yard communi-
cations purposes. These operate in the ultrashort-wave band and can com-
municate with a stationary installation up to distances of 1-2 km. They
are fed by a storage battery capable of supplying them continuously for
4-5 hours. (Moscow, Avtomatika, Telemekhanika, i Svyaz', mar 59, pp 23-24)
Industrial production of the type ZhR-5 single-channel ultrashort-
wave radio for railroad radio communications is beginning in 1959. The
ZhR-5 has a longer service radius than the ZhR-3. Its mass production is
contemplated for 1960.
The radio engineering industry, in collaboration with radio specialists
of Giprotranssigmalsvyaz' [State Institute for Signaling and Communications
Planning for Transport], has developed the ZhR-4P portable radio and the
ZhR-4S stationary radio, both operating on fixed frequencies in the 42-46-me
band. (Moscow, Vestnik Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta
Zheleznodorozhnogo Transporta, No 2, Mar 59, pp 17-18)
The Scientific Research Institute of Radiobroadcast Reception and
Acoustics, in Leningrad, has developed several miniature transistor radios,
including the Sputnik and the Progress, which it will exhibit at the 1959
Soviet exposition in New York. In addition, it will exhibit new Soviet
stereophonic radio-phonographs. Institute workers are equipping a small
stereophonic sound studio at the exposition. (Leningradskaya Pravda,
14 Jan 59)
Besides the small Sputnik radio, the Institute of Radiobroadcast
Reception and Acoustics has developed the Syurpriz transistor radio. (Riga,
Sovetskaya Latviya, 21 Jan 59)
The Sputnik transistor radio developed by the Institute of Radio-
broadcast Reception and Acoustics weighs only 950 grams. It is supplied
by a miniature storage battery. The Syurpriz transistor radio also developed
by the institute is a little larger and heavier than the Sputnik'and'is
supplied from two flashlight batteries. Both radios receive long- and
medium-wave broadcasts. (Leningrad, Vecherniy Leningrad, 10 Jan 59) ,
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The radio industry of the Saratov industrial and economic region had
developed the Syurpriz pocket radio (4; 5) and has prepared it for series
production.
The Syurpriz is the most compact of superheterodyne transistor receivers
which have been developed recently by the radio industry and are now in pro-
duction.
The utilization of printed circuits will cut the costs of this radio
considerably when it is mass-produced..
(Source gives full description of the Syurpriz.) (Moscow, Radio,
Mar 59, p 40)
(4) Photo available in source, back cover
(5) Photo available in source, facing p 32
[comment: The existence of a radio industry in the Saratov region
has not been noted previously in available sources.]
The Voronezh portable radio went into production in 1958. This set
measures 175 x 120 x 45 mm; weighs 850 grams; and has a type 0.25 GD-1
miniature dynamic loud-speaker with a 250-mw output, a flashlight battery
power source, and a magnetic antenna, all contained within its housing. It
picks up stations in the medium-wave band (620-1,600 kc).
The Voronezh is a superheterodyne six-stage receiver based on nine
transistors, types P14 and P13A, and printed circuits. It has an undistorted
output of 90 mw and an input of .36 mw, and can operate continuously for
25 hours on a single battery. The set sells for 600 rubles. (Moscow,
Novyye Tovary, No 3, 1959) p 2)
The Murom (Radio] Plant has assembled experimental models of the
modernized Muromets radio receivers. These receivers can be turned on and
off'automatically according to a preset schedule. (Moscow, Izvestiya,
14 Jan 59)
The popular Rodina radio receiver has been modernized and renamed the
Rodina-59. It is now more economical to operate because of the type P-29
tube and the modern P-13A transistors used in it. It has a long.-wave''pand,
a medium-wave band, and three short-wave spread bands, which are switched
with keyboard controls.
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The true sensitivity of the set on any wave band is at least 200
microvolts. It has an improved audio stage and utilizes dual tone controls.
It reproduces frequencies ranging from 100 to 4,000 cycles for radiobroad-
casting and from 100 to 7,000 cycles for record playing. The 1GD-6 loud-
speaker has an output power of .15 watts and develops-a sound pressure of
3 bars.
The Rodina-59 will be sold in an electric version and in a battery
version which will utilize two batteries: an "Ekran" and a "Zarnitsa."
The "Zarnitsa" battery is necessary for the normal operation of transistors;
its voltage is stepped up with the use of a converter, which supplies power
to the tubes. The converter is installed inside the cabinet and utilizes
crystal diodes and transistors.
The electric version has a rectifier utilizing five diodes. It can
be supplied from a 127- or a 220-volt AC circuit. The set measures 480 x
310 x 255 mm and weighs 11 kg. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 3, 1959, p 3)
The design bureau of the-Riga VEF Plant has developed the model of a
new Class-1 radio-phonograph, which has been named the Latviya. This new
set utilizes miniature tubes, a high-sensitivity internal magnetic antenna,
and several loud-speakers.
The ultrashort-wave band has a tuning control separate from that used
by the other bands. (Moscow, Sovetskaya Torgovlya, 20 Jan 59)
Series production of the Oktava-58 radio-phonograph has begun. This
five-band set has an internal rotating magnetic antenna for long and medium
waves and a built-in ultrashort-wave antenna. It features 'Keyboard band
switches, a tuning eye, automatic volume control, and dual tone controls.`
Its acoustic system consists of four loud-speakers. (Kiev, Rabochaya
Gazeta, 1,5 Jan 59)
The Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications
USSR has developed new television radio-relay apparatus, which is designed
for the long-distance transmission of television programs and for multi-
channel telephony. The first line of this type is being constructed between
Moscow and Kharkov. When it is set up, Kharkov residents will be able
to watch television programs originating in Moscow and vice versa. (Kieva'
Rabochaya Gazeta, 23 Jan 59)
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The All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Television has developed
the RTU reporter television unit, designed for extrastudio broadcasts. The
RTU consists of two parts, the PPU portable transmitting unit and the SPU
stationary receiving unit.
The camera of the PPU is of highly compact design and is the same in
size and appearance as a hand-operated narrow-film movie camera. It employs
a vidicon tube and has optical and electronic video selectors. With a
lighting of 500 luxes on the photographed object, it can provide a picture
with a sufficient signal noise ratio. The image definition is 500 lines.
The PPU set has two knapsacks: one has the video signal forminp, unit
with an independent power supply and the other an audio unit with a power
supply. The camera and video signal forming Unit are carried and run by
an operator, while the audio unit is carried and used by a commentator.
The SPU has two receiving units. The upper unit with its antenna
array is mounted on the roof of the nearest high building while the telecast
is in progress. The lower unit is installed in a bus-mounted ITS mobile
television station. Both receiver units are connected to the mobile station
with a flexible cable.
The transmission of video signals from the PPU to the SPU takes place
with the use of a radio line operating on the decimetric wave ban. The
audio signals from the PPU to the SPU are transmitted over another radio
line on the metric wave band. The transmitters are located in the knapsacks
Instructions from the director of the FTS are transmitted to the PFU
by a radio communications line. The transmitter of this line is located
in the upper unit of the SPU; the receiver is in thrr P:PU operator's knapsack.
This radio line has an operating radius of 800 meters. Semiconductors are
used extensively in the RTU; consequently it is small, light, and requires
little power input. It is supplied from storage batteries in the knapsack.
The operator and commentator can move about completely freely with
the RTU. This unit can be used in places inaccessible to conventional
television cameras. (Moscow, Tekhnika Kino i Televideniya, Feb 59, p 45)
The Scientific Pegcarch Institute of the Ministry of Communications
has developed color-television transmission equipment (6) and the models
of two color television receivers with 1,200- x 900-ma and 480- x 360-n . i.
screens. The institute has equipped an experimental color television
studio for making test color broadcasts.
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The 121.5 million television sets to be produced during the Seven-Year
Plan will include a considerable number of color sets. Moscow residents
will see the first test color broadcasts at the end of 1959. (Leningrad-
skaya Pravda, 11 Jan 59)
(6) Photo available in source, p 1, bottm, right
The L'vov Television Plant has pledged to develop and build two new
television sets, the L'viv-10 and the Trembita, before the 21st Congress
of the CESU. The L'viv-10 is a high-fidelity, slim-line, large-screen
set. The Trembita is a small set. Both use picture tubes made by the
L'vov Electric Bulb Plant.
The Lvov Television Plant is now finishing the models of the new
sets. (Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 9 Jan 59)
Conveyer production of the new Voronezh television sets has begun at
the Voronezh Elektrosignal Plant (7). (Moscow, Ogonek, No 16, Apr 59,
p 1.)
(7) Photo showing the assembly of the new television sets available in
source, p 4, top, right
The mew, small Zarya television set is a rival to the well-known,
reliable KVN-49 set. Its screen measures 280 x 21.0 mm, which is four
t:lmes the size of the, KVN-19, and it can receive five channels. (Moscow,
Izvestiya, 17 Jan 59)
A Leningrad plant is already producing the Zarya television set, which
weighs Only 15 kg. Its main controls are located on the right side panel.
Ithsae operating ravage of 40=50 lo, and can receive telecasts with either
outdooor or indoor antennas. It has an input of only 110 watts and costs
the least of any currently produced USSR television set. (14osc?t r, Lenin-
skoye Znamya, 18 Jan 59)
The Almaz-lag and Almaz-103 television receivers make full, use of the
circuit and chassis of the Rubin-102 television receiver, but the ALmaz
sets have been substantially improved through use of the large 531M
picture tube and a four-speaker aecoustical system.
One 4}D-1 speaker is mounted on each side of the cabinet, and two
1GD-9 speakers are mounted in tl* front panel. The two Almaz sets are
distinguished by differences in the cabinets and in the location of
controls.
Both sets measure 1140 x 555 x 490 mm and are priced at 3,4OO rubles.
(Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 2, 1959, p 2)
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Industrial production has started of the 12-channel ATK-l television
antenna designed for reception on any of the 12 channels received in the
USSR, ranging from 48 to 100 me and from 74 to 230 mc. It consists of a
telescopic vibrator-type antenna which can be extended from 610 to 1,630 mm
in length. The tentative price of this antenna is 80 rubles. (Moscow,
Novyye Tovary, No 2, 1959, p 2)
D. Teleyho
The special design bureau of the Dnepropetrovsk Selenium Rectifier
Plant has developed the TAK-3 sparkproof telephone for coal combine operators.
Communications are effected by a two-wire system. The operating conductor
of the control circuit of a six-core WSW cable is used as the sending wire,
and the. ground wire is used as a return. The signals are reproduced with
the use of a DEM&4M capsule and a horn. The electrical circuit of the
telephone uses germanium transistors.
Recently, plant designers developed the PR'VS-2 instrument., which will
be used for calculating ventilation networ by electrical analogy. (Moscow,
Promyshletiuo-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 9 Jan 59)
- The telephone shop of the Riga VEF Plant has begun the production of
the Viktoriya telephone handsets. (Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 23 Jan 59)
E. Components
The picture tube assembly shop (81 of the Lvov Electric Bulb Plant
has converted to a 7-hour workday. By the end of the Seven-Year Plan,
this plant will become one of the largest of its kind in Europe. (Moscow,
Ogonek, No 14+, Mar 59, p 7)
(8) Photo available in source, p 7, left, middle
A selenium rectifier has been designed for charging six-volt storage
batteries for such things as motorcycles, motorollers, and "motor carriages"
(motokolyaska) [small vehicles for disabled person?], and two-volt battery
lamps, from AC current of 127 or 220 volts. Switehing from one voltage to
another is done by means of changing the pled from one socket to another.
This rectifier is designed on a two-half-cycle circuit with a center
point. The charging circuit includes a signal lamp which indicates the
amount of charge current. The unit is mounted in a metal case with a cover
which houses lead wires and claxQs for fastening onto battery terminals.
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L,,ght, compact, and portable, this rectifier measures 125 x 96 x 64
mm and weighs i.45 kg.. It'costs 35 rubles. (MoscQW, Novyye.Tovary, No 2,
1959, p 5)
V. A. Fitisov, until recently the director of the Voronezh Radio
Components Plant, has been appointed chairman of the Vorobezhskay Ob,1aat
Council of. Trade Unions. (Moscow, S ovetstiye Profsoyuzy, No 5, Mar 59,
p 12)
The following items were listed in a prize list for the Second Lottery
of the Moldavian SSR:
Price (rubles)
Dorozhnyy radio receiver
350
Turist radio receiver
330
KVN-49 television set with lens
970
.(K. ;shinev, enclosure to Sovetskaya N1oldaviya, 4 Jan 59)
The Rostov-na-Donu Base of the All-Union Mail Order Office, Ministry
of Trade RSFSR, has the following articles for sale:
Price (rubles)
Ural-57 radio-phonograph
1,039
Rekord radio receiver
339
.Strela radio receiver
262
Rodina-52 battery, radio with battery and antenna
5-83.'90
Iskra battery radiowith battery and antenna
3+5.90
Voronezh battery radio with battery and antenna
3.80.90
Five-ampere 220-volt electric meters
1.0
The above prices include mailing and handling charges, which were
substantially reduced as of 1 January 1958. -- Advertisement (Yerevan,
Kozwaunist, 10 Jan 59)
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At present, more than 20 types of high-speed analog computers have
been developed in the USSR. Series production of such machines has begun.
According to V. B. Ushakov, Chief Designer for Electrical Analogy of
the Scientific Research Institute of Computer Machine Building, 1958 was
a year of progress in the manufacture of computers. USSR plants series-
produced several types of analog computers, which proved to be the best
for various research and planning work.
The MN-M analog computer, which utilizes some transistorized units,
has been put into production. Production has started of the very inter-
esting VPRR-2, which can help a plant production engineer pick out the
optimum metal cutting conditions for machine tools. In 1958, certain
specialized machines for various branches of the national economy were
produced for the first time.
Trips abroad by Soviet specialists have shown that USSR computers
are as good as or better than foreign-made models. This is true especially
of such a machine as the MN-10, which will be put into series productiont
*in 1959. This machine is the first transistorized analog computer and
weighs 50 kg. It will be demonstrated at exhibitions at home and abroad.
During the first year of the Seven-Year Plan, the production,.f the
MN-11 machine will begin. This computer alone will automatically find the
optimum solutions for equation systems fed into it. It will give up to
100 full solutions per second, as compared with a machine in the US which
now has achieved only 60 full solutions per second. (Moscow, Moskovskaya
Pravda, 10 Jan 59)
The development of the production of computing machines is not included
in the 7-year plan for the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz. The sovnarkhoz has
limited itself to organizing one computing center with a small design bureau
at the Leningrad Division of the Mathematical Institute of the Academy of
Sciences USSR.
In 1958, the sovnarkhoz enthusiastically began the production of elec-
tronic machines.. Its leaders were recruiting specialists and were explor-
ing the possibilities of including this type of production in the plan for
Leningrad industry. It was too late to do this in 1958, but all interested
organizations expected that such a production base would be organized in
Leningrad in 1959. However, the matter came to a standstill, and was. de-
leted from the plans.
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In 1957, a group of scientific workers organized the Leningrad Coor-
dinating Scientific and Technical Council for Computer Technology. The
coordinating council explained that a large number of institutes and
enterprises were working independently on problems of computer technology.
Some vuzes (higher educational institutions) were making their own computers
of various types. Many scientific institutes have specialist groups work-
ingcn the development of such machines. The council asked about having
a computing machine plant organized in Leningrad. The plant, with the
help of Leningrad scientists and engineers, could organize in a very short
time the series production of computers such as the M-3.
The Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz must review the problem of using the
industry and the scientific manpower of the Leningrad economic region for
the development of computer technology. We believe that a way can be found
to organize a plant and a design bureau in Leningrad for the production
of electronic computers, or to organize at first a special shop at a. plant
producing similar equipment. The Leningrad City Executive Committee could
provide the necessary production facilities.
It is time someone considered organizing a special scientific research
institute for computer technology in Leningrad and combining it with the
electronic computing machine plant. -- Prof S. Izenbek, Head of Chair of
Analog Computer Injtruments and Installations, Leningrad Institute of Pre-
cision Mechanics and Optics (Moscow, Izvestiya, 14 Jan 59)
On 3 January 1959, a control computer developed by the Tbilisi Scien-
tific Research Institute of Instrument Making and Automation Equipment
was sent to the Zestafoni Ferroalloys Plant for industrial testing.
By solving complex mathematical equations, this machine will automat-
ically maintain a predetermined power feed schedule for an electric are
furnace.
The machine sent to Zestafoni is one of many complex athematical con-
trol machines being developed by the institute. Some of these machines
are designed for the over-all automation of blast furnace operations. They
are being developed by workers of the Tbilisi institute, in collaboration
with the Central Scientific Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy.
The institutes have already developed a control computer for predicting
the incipient points of gas channeling at the top of b]iast furnaces and
for controlling the proper charge distribution in these furnaces.
The Tbilisi institute is now developing a machine for automating,
foundry processes and a machine for making certain dispatcher computations
in power systems. Such computations, which once took many hours and even
days to carry out, are done by the machine in several minutes..
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In 1959, a machine for automatically calculating charges and main-
taining the heating program of foundry cupola furnaces will be introduced
in industry. Such machines form the basis of the institute's project for
the over-all automation of foundry furnace operations, including apportion-
ing and loading of charges.
The institute is developing other original machines, including control
computers for automating certain stages of the cracking process at oil re-
fineries and computers for automating stabilization equipment of tea fac-
tories.
About 100 control computers for automating production processes will
be created in the Tbilisi institute during the Seven-Year Plan. -- B.
Bukiya, Director, Tbilisi Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Mak-
ing and Automation Equipment (Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 7 Jan 59)
The Tbilisi Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Making and
Automation Equipment is supposed to develop mathematical computers and
computers for the control of production processes. More than 100 of these
machines are to be developed and put into operation in the proper branches
of industry during the Seven-Year Plan.
During its 2 years of operation, the institute has not only carried
out research on the possibilities of using mathematical machines in the
metallurgical, power engineering, machine building, chemical, and petroleum
refining industries, but has also'developed and built a number of wae-chines
based on this research. Some of these will be put into operation in indus-
try during 1959.
Soon, tests will be made at the Zestafoni Ferroalloys Plant of a con-
trol computer for maintaining a steady operating schedule for an arc fur-
nace.
The institute is studying and working out a project for the over-all
automation of blast furnaces. Experimental models of machines for this
purpose have already been produced. Two of them will be put into opera,.
tion in 1959 at the Transcaucasus Metallurgical Plant.
The Tbilisi institute, jointly with the Chair of Automation of the
Georgian Polytechnic Institute imeni S. M. Kirov and the personnel of
Gruzenergo [Georgian SSR Electric Power Administration], is studying and
working out the problem of using computers for the over-all automation
of the control of electric power systems. The institute has already
developed and produced a mathematical machine for making certain dispatcher
calculations for electric power systems.
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Mathematical machines for computing the charges and heating schedules
of cupola furnaces have been developed and will be introduced into produc-
tion in 1959. In the ttture, a machine for controlling the operations of
cupola furnaces will be developed.
The institute at the same time has begun the development of control
computers for the tea and petroleum-refining industries, based on ex-
ploratory research already successfully carried out.
In compiling technical assignments Wand in working out the industrial
principles for developing new automation equipment, the institute maintains
c lose contact with the industries which will use its machines in the future,
as well as with specialized scientific research institutes engaged in the
manufacturing process development of those branches of industry for which
the mathematical machines are intended. -- B. S. Bukiya, Director, Tbilisi
Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Making and Automation Equip-
ment (Tbilisi, Zarya Vostoka, 14 Jan 59)
The MN-l0 all-transistor analog computer was developed by NIISChetmash
(Scientific Research Institute of Computer Machine Building], which produced
the first model, utilizing 653 semiconductor diodes and transistors, in
December 1957.
(Source gives additional information on the MN-10). (Moscow, Priboro-
stroyeniye, Jan 59, p 10)
A new universal computing machine (9), designed for determining~.the
optimum productivity of metal-cutting machine tools, has been manufactured
in Riga. This machine permits the simultaneous solution in 35 seconds of
the five problems which define the operating conditions of the machine
tools. It computes data under conditions of high-speed and forced-feed
machining, and also computes machining time when the machine tool is
operating at full capacity. These data are of considerable significance
to machine building plants.
This new machine, which is no larger than an ordinary cash register,
was designed by Prof S. Mozhayev of Leningrad and Senior Engineer A. Meyer-
sYteyn of the Riga Etalon Plant, who have successfully completed testing
an' experimental model and have prepared the machine for series production.
Considerable assistance has been rendered in this undertaking by designers
of. the Riga Radio Plant imeni Popov.
One of these machines has been sent to the exhibit of new technology
in Moscow. -- I. Zabobonin, Chief, Technical Division, Administration of
the Radio and Electrical Engineering and the Metal Working Industry, Latvian
Sovnarkhoz-( iga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 22 Jan 59)
(9) Pho6o available in source, p 4, right center
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V. INSTRUMENTS
The 1965 output of instruments and automation equipment in the USSR
will be 150-percent above the 1958 level. The output of computers and
mathematical machines will be 370 percent above the 1958 level.
The output of standardized (unifitsirovannyy) automation equipment
will rise significantly. In addition to the widely used AUS (Standard
Unit System), an EAUS (Electronic Standard Unit System) usin direct
current is now being developed. The development of a USAKR Standard
Electronic System of Control and Regulation) using alternating current
is being completed. The products-list of hydraulic regulation equipment
is bei expanded. It is contemplated that connections will be made be-
tween all of the above-named systems by using electropneumatic, pneumo-
electriQ, pneumohydraulic, hyddropneumatic, electrohydraulic, and hydraulic-
electric converters.
Preparations are being made for employing mathematical machines on
a large scale. The number of organizations developing automation equipment
will be tripled.
A'Pcientific and Technical Council for Over-all Mechanization and Auto-
mation'of Production Processes has been organized under Qosplan USSR. This
council has branch sections, which are assigned to determine the basic
technical trends and the technical and economic level of automation in
individ l branches of the USSR national economy. (Moscow, Priborostroy-
eniye, Yan 59, pp 1-2)
According to the preliminary figures for the Seven-Year Plan, from
1,1E88,OO0,QQQ,000 to 1,513 000,000,000, rubles will be allotted for indus-
trial construction. Expenditures for instruments and automation equipment
will amount to 5-10 percent of the total expenditures for constructing
modern jndustri4 enterprises. Therefore, 75-100 billion rubles' worth
of instruments and automation equipment will be needed for the new con-
struction.
However, this figure does not include the reconstruction, re-equipping,
and expaAeion of existing enterprises. Thus, an average of ,12-16 billion
rubles' worth of instruments and automation equipment must be produced
during each year of the Seven-Year Plan if industrial needs-are to be.met.
Since or ,y a portion of the instruments and automation equipment are used
by induptry and a large share is used for serving the populace and for
scientigjc research purposes, the volume of instrument making should be
raised to 2 r25 billion rubles in 1965. Thus the volume would be at least
3.2-3?Ii. mes instead of 2,5-2.6 times the present volume.
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The gosplans and the scientific and technical committees of the
USSR and the union republics should give serious thought'to this weighty
problem. -- K. B..Arutyunov, Director, RIITeplopribor [Scientific Re-
search Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Instrument Making] (Moscow,
Priborostroyeniye, Jan 59, pp 4-5)
The following measures and measuring instruments have been approved
by the Committee for Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments on
the. basis of state testing, and are permitted for use in the USSR:
GMB metric wave oscillator, Kiyevskiy Sovnarkhoz
Avangard calibration frequency measuring unit, Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
VLI-2 pulse-type vacuum tube voltmeter, Gor'kovskiy Sovnarkhoz
U302 DC potentiometric unit, Krasnodarskiy Sovnarkhoz
TsEP-3 photoelectronic chromatic pyrometer, Kaluzhskiy Sovnarkhoz
Kaktus unit for measuring gamma-radiation doses, Belorussian Sovnarkhoz
M 224 moving-coil panel ammeter, to be united with previously approved
moving-coil microammeters, with the plant designation of M 494, Omskiy Sov-
narkhoz
RT-10 radar tester for frequencies of 2,700-3,100 mc, Leningradskiy
Sovnarkhoz
RT-10A radar tester for frequencies of 3,060-3,390 mc, Leningradskiy
Sovnarkhoz
DP-11-B, beta-gamma radiation meter, Moscow City Sovnarkhoz
(Moscow, Izmeritellnaya Tekhnika, Mar 59, p 63)
[Comment: In most lists of this type, the names of the producing
plants are given. The fact that they are not given here may indicate
reluctance to divulge such information in the case of key items.]
B. Industrial Controls
The Experimental Design Bureau.for Automatics of the State Committee
for Chemistry of the Council of Ministers USSR is developing and, producing
special instruments for automating chemical enterprises. Recently it
developed the FKZh-1 fluid photocalorimeter, which is used for determining
the divalent copper content in the production of synthetic ammonia, and
the FKG gas photocalorimeter for checking the concentration, of hydrogen
sulfide in gas mixtures. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
23 Jan 59)
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An instrument designed in the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the
Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR has been installed on the Sormovskiy-7
suction dredge, which is operating in one of the main-line canals in
Kara-Kalpakskaya ASSR. This instrument is used to determine the density
of the mud being removed by the dredge from the bed of the channel. A
small device, a source of gamma rays of radioactive isotopes of cobalt,
is attached to the mud pipe. The beam of rays penetrates the pipe and
falls on another device which measures the intensity and indicates the
results on a special scale.
The application of isotopes has permitted improved control of the
operation of the suction dredge by ensuring that the proper mixture of
mud pulp is flowing through the pipe. ?(Kiev, Pravda Ukrainy, 14 Dec 58)
Headed by K. Shaposhnikov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, the
Chair of Automatics of the Taganrog Radio Engineering Institute is devot-
ing considerable effort to the development of new systems for radio con-
trol of industrial installations. The first such system has successfully
undergone testing at the Polazna oil fields, where oil is being taken
from the bottom of the Kama Sea.
This system permits a single dispatcher to control 50 oil wells at
distances up to 20 km. Appropriate instruments automatically determine
the pressure in the wells and the level of oil in tanks, control the
operation of deep-well pumps, and also signal abnormal operation of equip-
ment.
The chair has installed six such systems in the oil fields of the
Permskiy Sovnarkhoz.
In contrast to all previous radio control systems, those developed
by the Taganrog scholars do not require expensive equipment.
The scientists of the chair have successfully e ledorda frcm the pe -
leum workers of Krasnodarskiy Kray, for whom they have developed an improved
system of radio control for petroleum gathering points. Such .a system is
currently being developed for the Ukhta Petroleum Combine in the Komi ASSR.
The chair has also proposed a new system of radio control which per-
mits a single operator to control the fans of the main ventilation systems
of coal mines at distances up to 5 km. Semiconductors will be used in this
new apparatus. (Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 21 Jan 59)
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The Leninakan Instrument Making Plant is the producer of the RV-7
viscosimeterpy which are used for determining the viscosity of oil. These
instruments are used in many cities of the USSR, although the plant began
producing them only about 2 months ago.
The plant was created in 1957 out of the former "Pokhpat" Metalworking
Artel, and was equipped with modern machine tools. In December 1958, its
new building, was put into operation; by the end of the Seven-Year Plan,
two more large buildings will be constructed.
The pia4t's technical division is developing anew drafting unit,
which will be 4 ter and cheaper than currently produced units. During
the.. Seven-Year Plan, the plant will begin making moisture meters and other
general-purpose industrial instruments. (Yerevan, Kommunist, 8 Jan 59)
A portable pneumatic oscillograph has been developed at the Institute
of Precision Mechanics and Optics. The new instrument has an electrical
power supply and can be used for checking the operation of gas lines,
ventilation ducts, and internal combustion engines. The first two instru-
ments made at the institute are already in operation. (Leningradskaya
Pravda, 23 Jan 59)
The Konotop Krasnyy Metallist Plant and the Institute of Automatics
of Gosplan Ukrainian SSR have developed a new instrument for the automatic
control of coal-mine development machines. Coal combines produced by the.
Yasinovataya Machine Building Plant will be equipped with such instruments.
(Moscow) Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 11 Jan 59)
The current gross output of the Moscow Manometr Plant is 6.5 times as
high as in 1951. The output per worker is more than 3.5 times as high as
in 1951.
During the past 5 years, the plant has organized the series production
of 13 modifications of types EPD, EMD, and EPID secondary instruments, which
can operate with electrical, three-position, pneumatic isodrome, and rheostat
transmitters with signaling units, as well as with other devices.
The plant also produces many other instruments, such as electronic
automatic 12-point bridges, various manometers, rotameters, differential
manometers, and relays. However, the instruments made by this plant do
not fully satisfy the growing needs of industry. The plant needs to be
specialized.
At present, the plant makes more than 4,000 type-sizes of instruments,
including more than 570 manometric instruments and more than 2,000 elec-
tronic types. In the near future, it will develop automatic electronic
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secondary instruments with improved metrological and operational char-
acteristics, and of smaller sizes, which will replace the EPD, EMD, and
EPIC instruments. -- Yu. V. Feoktistov, Chief Engineer, Manometr Plant
(Moscow, Priborostroyeniye, Jan 59, pp 3-4)
~
Electri .l. engineering plants of the Tranasignalsvyaz'zavody [Trans-
port Signaling xd Communications Equipment Plants?] Trust produce more
than 500 type-designations of complex equipment for automatic and tele-
mechanical systems. miring the Seven-Year Plan, besides making currently
produced equipment, these plants are to begin making new, improved products.
The Kharkov and Losinoostrovskaya electrical engineering plants intend
to organize the series production of remote-control apparatus utilizing
semiconductors, contactiesa relays, and automatic blocking and electrical
centralization equipment for electrified railroads using AC. It is in-
tended that these two plants and the Leningrad Electrical Engineering
Plant will begin the production of equipment for polarity-frequency and
frequency centralized traffic control. (Moscow, Zheleznodor6zhnyy Trans-
port, Mar 59, p,]A)
C. Electrical Instruments
Work on automating production and checking processes in the manufacture
of electric meters is being conducted in line with the increasing rates of
production of such meters in the USSR.
The Leningrad Electrical Machinery Plant has put into operation-an
automatic installation designed by the VNIIEP [All-Union Scientific Re-
search Institute of Electrical Measuring Instruments). This installation
is used for adjusting electric meters. Automatic units have been installed
at the Vil'nyus Electric Meter Plant and high-production adjusting stands
such as those used at the Moscow Elektroschetchik Plant have been put into
operation at the Mytishchi Electric Meter Plant. Automatic stands of the
Moscow Electrical Machinery Plant are used for the state testing of three-
phase electric meters.
A group of engineers and.mechanics of the Moscow Elektroschetchik
Plant have developed an automatic unit for single-phase meters, which rep-
resents a great step forward in the production of meters. The meter errors
in relation to the established tolerances are given automatically- two
signal lamps of different colors light up to show errors.
(Source gives additional details on the new automatic meter-checking
unit.) (Moscow, Izmeritel?naya Tekhnika, Mar 59, p 32)
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The Mytishchi Electric Meter Plant of the Moscow Oblast Sovnarkhoz
has begun series production of the type SO-42 household electric meters.
These meters are hooked directly into a.127- or 220-volt, 50-cycle, single-
phase AC circuit and are rated for loads of 5, 10, or 20 amp.
The precision glass (2.0) of the so-42 is higher than that of, old
models. The new meter an tolerate a sustained load of up to. l.00 percent
of rated capacity, as compared with 150-:200 percent for the SO-1 and the
SO-2.
The SO-i2 meters are distinguished for their long service life. The
large capacity of 7,000 hours at normal load makes it possible to take
readings at intervals up to 2 months apart.
The meters measure 207 x 135 x 105 mm, weigh 1.4 kg, and sell for 170
rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary, No 3, 1959) p 5)
B. Geophysical Apparatus
During the Seven-Year Plan, the Riga Gidrometpribor Plant will increase
its production of hydrometeorological and aerological instruments to 2.4+
times the current output. The plant recently started production of an
original semiautomatic instrument for processing signals from radiosondes.
This instrument was developed by scholars of the Moscow Scientific Reseaech
Institute of Hydrometeorological Instruments, in collaboration with plant
designers. It employs electromagnets and semiconductors. It will simul-
taneously process data on the pressure, moisture content, and temperature
of the air in the vicinity of the radiosonde, supplying precise informa-
tion within 8-10 seconds after receiving the raw signals. The plant is
currently completing assembly of the first 20 of these semiautomatic instru-
ments, one ofcahich will be sent to the exposition in New York. (Riga,
Sovetskaya ]Latviya, 20 Jan 59)
Production of the BM-1 combination barometer-thermometer-hygrometer
has begun in Riga. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 15 Jan 59)
The Moscow Experimental Control and Measuring Instrument Plant has
produced a new instrument (10) for determining the acidity and alkalinity
of soil. It was developed by the Central Design Bureau for Food Machinery
Manufacture and Instrument Making.
The new instrument can check ten sample vessels of soil simultaneously.
{i~:~Ncow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 4 Jan 59)
(10) Photo available in source, p 3, top
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E. Medical Equipment
An exhibition of electronic medical equipment has opened at the Central
Club of the Soviet Army in honor of the first USSR conference on the use of
.electronics in medicine. More than 90 electronic instruments and apparatuses
were exhibited; 28 of these are series-produced in USSR industry. (Moscow,
Vechernyaya Moskva, 6 Jan 59, p 2)
Workers of the "Biofizpribor" Design and Technological Bureau have
made a model of a universal complex electrocardiograph. It is equipped
with five instrument attachments, including one for determining the move-
ment of the chest cage of a person which in turn depends on the activity
of his heart, and an electrical manometer for the continuous measurement
of blood pressure. The cardiograph can simultaneously record up to five
of the 23 processes characterizing tae work of the k att and b3ood vessels in vex-ic .s
combinations. This is the first such apparatus in the world. The experi-
mental model has been given a high appraisal in Leningrad clinics. (Lenin-
gradskaya Pravda, 14 Jan 59)
Among a number of unique instruments currently being supplied by the
radioelectronics industry for Soviet medical use is the new UZD-4 apparatus
(11), which was designed and built by the All-Union Scientific Research
Institute of Medical Instruments and,Equipment. The "heart" of this appa-
ratus is an ultrasonic wave generator which aids in the detection of malig-
nant tumors in the human body. Its chief advantage lies in its ability
to detect tumors in their earliest stages, when they are too small even
to be detected by X rays. (Kiev, Rabochaya Gazeta, 22 Jan 59)
(11) Photo available in source, p 4, center
The FFS-0l photophono-stimulator was developed in the USSR for the
first time by the "Biofizpribor" Independent Design and Technological Bureau,
according to the specifications of the Institute of Neurosurgery imeni
Burenko. This instrument is used for the early detection of brain ail-
ments.
(Source gives additional information on the FFS-0l.) (Moscow, Priboro-
stroyeniye, Feb 59, p 27)
F. Testing Equipment
Testing has been successfully completed on a Roentgen spectrograph
developed at the Kharkov Electrical Machinery Plant which is used for
determining the chemical composition of various metals and alloys by
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means of X rays. A few milligrams of the substance being tested are suf-
ficient for an analysis. The principle of operation of this instrument is
based on the excitation of various spectra of the X rays with respect to
the chemical and other properties of the materials. These rays are pro-
jected by, the instrument onto a sensitive film, where, after development,
they appear as spectral lines.
This Roentgen spectrograph permits much more delicate research than
was formerly possible. (Kiev, Pravda Ukraina,-11+ Dec 58)
Two instruments based on semiconductors have been developed at the
Khar'.kov:Polyt.echnic Institute imeni V. I. Lenin. Both are designed for
accelerating checking of the dynamic strength of machine parts,. One is a
central station for measuring deformation by the string method; the other
is a frequency meter or electronic tachometer.
The central station has a built-in calibration frequency oscillator,.
with five frequency subbands, and can determine the vibration of;the trans-
mitter string by "zero-beating" in a band from 410 to 1,850 cycles per
second.
The frequency meter operates in a band from 5 to 18,000 cycles per
second and has 11 subbands. Since it is. supplied from a battery, it can
be used anywhere. The meter is rendered` universal by having a1set,of
different transmitters. It can be usedd.for measuring-electrical oscilla-
tions. It can also be used as a string dynamometer or a tachometer.
(Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 9 Jan 59)
G. Watchmaking
The Special'Design Bureau of the Timepiece Industry, iii-colla,'borstion
with the Moscow Timepiece Plant-No 2, has begun the development'bf-..ax3 auto-
mmatic shop for the production of mounting plates of timepiece mechanisms.
All operations will be carried out by automatic machine tools without any
human operators. The first 18-position maohine tools (12) for a auto-
matic shd,p are being checked. (Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorn ya, 23 Jan 59)
(12)'Photo available in source, ..p .1., top
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VI. PHOTOGRAPHIC AND MO TON-PICTURE EQUIPMENT
The Scientific Research Institute. of Electrography, of the Lithuanian
Sovnarkhoz has developed machines for the production of semiconductor paper,
and an electrographic duplicating apparatus, The new photographic paper
does not contain silver., and images form on -it with the use of electric
current. This method of photoreproductienii much cheaper and faster than
former methods for reproducing diagrams,-'texts, and pictures. (Moscow,
Izvestiya, 23 Jan 59)
The price of the Smena-3 camera is 170 rubles. The price of the Smena-
4 camera is 210 rubles. (Moscow, Byulleten' Roznichnykh Tsen, ^To 3, Jan 59,
p 11)
The UP-2 photographic enlarger is made in the Tul'skiy Sovnarkhoz and
costs 375 rubles. (Moscow, Novyye Tovary) No 2, 1959, P 3)
bthproduc-
During 1959, the Moscow Moskinap Plant intends to master
of silent 35-mm motion-picture cameras of the KSN type, based
tion
SK type cameras.
The Lenkinap (Leningrad Kinap) Plant is mastering the production of
a new semiconductor-based universal amplifying unit developed in collabora-
tion with NIKFI (All-Union Scientific Research Motion-Picture Photography
Institute] for the reproduction of sound at mobile motion-picture installa-
tions. The plant is also mastering the production of magnetic head units
for multitrack sound reproduction.
The Lenkinap Plant is expected during this year to master a whole
series of new developments in motion-picture technology, including a
stationary motion-picture amplifier, based on the functional unit principle
and developed in collaboration with NIKFI, TsKB [Central Design Bureau],
and LIKI [Leningrad Institute of Motion-Picture Engineers]; motion-picture
camera lenses with focal lengths of 16, 150, 200, and 300 mm; ananrphotic
lens units for type SK-1 and KSK cameras; and anamorphotic supplementary
lens and a 35-mm focal length lens for the type TKS-3 trick movie camera;
and a series of lenses for wide-format motion-picture cameras.
The Odessa Kinap Plant is starting production of modernized Ukraine
motion-picture projectors with magnetic-tape sound repduction,(andtpplans
to master the production of a new universal clipping-room
stol) which meets modern requirements and a duplication machine (mul'tstanok)
during 1959.
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This year, the Kiev Kinap Plant is mastering the production of simplified
time-sequence (khronikal'nyy) illumination devices designed by MKBK [Moscow
Notion-Picture,ApparatusA' Design Bureau] which have mirror lamps.
The Samarkand Kinap Plant plans to msster during 1959 the production
of a ty `SNS-1.25 voltage stabilizer, which was designed in collaboration
with NIKFI and-is used for supplying current to rural motion-picture installa-
tions. Thig plant is also planning to master the production of new stationary
amplifying equipment for motion-picture theaters, types 10-UDS-3 and 10-UDS-4,
designed In collaboration with NIKF'I.
This year, the Moscow KEMZ [Cinema Electrical Machinery Plant] is expec-
ted to undertake production of sensitometer apparatus, the type TsS-2 sensito-
meter and the type TsD-7 densitometer, for checking color film and its
processing, based on the work of NIKFI. This same plant is expected during
1959 to master the production of meters for measuring the color brightness
of small parts of frames (kadr), which were developed by NIKFI together with
M#BK and designed for checking illumination during filming. (Moscow, Tekhnika
Kino I Televideniya, Feb 59, pp 2-3)
[Comment: It is uncertain whether the phrase "this year," used above,
refers to 1958 or 1959, since the material in this issue was submitted for
publication on 11 December 1958.]
The advantages, of 16-mm film, as well as the experience of many foreign
and domestic television centers, demonstrate the advisability of utilizing
16-mm film apparatus on a wide scale in the television centers of the Soviet
Union.
In this connection, NIKFI developed the TK-16 television-type motion -
picture projector (13) in 1957.
The TK-16 is designed for projecting 16-mm sound film, with either
photoelectric or magnetic sound tracks, onto the light-sensitive layer of
vidicon type tubes. (Moscow, Tekhnika Kino i Televideniya, Feb 59, p 60)
(13) Photo available in source, p 61
The Leningrad Kinap Plant, in collaboration with the Central Design
Bureau of the Ministry of Culture, has developed a new set of four-track
equipment for magnetic sound recording during the filming of wide-screen
stereophonic movies. The equipment will soon be sent to the Lenfil'm Studio,
where it will be used for making the new movie "Podnyataya Tselina."
(Leningradskaya Pravda, 9Jan 59)
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Designers at the Odessa Kinap Plant have developed the new Ukraina-4
motion-picture projector with provision for use with a magnetic tape
recorder, thus permitting films to be rapidly converted for use with any
of the languages of the USSR. Plant engineers are currently completing
deve ,opment iof methods for manufacturing these new projectors.
The small-series shop of this plant has already produced the first
series of 3,5-41M-2 'hydrotype film printing machines.-- A. Karal'nik,
Chief Desi .r,Odessa Kinap Plant (Kiev,. Rabochaya Gazeta) 3 Feb 59)
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VII. ELECTAL PRODUCTS
The 1958 gross output of the Tashgent Tashkentkabel" Plant is now more,
than double.that;of 1955 in the same Wx'Qduction space. During the past 3
years, it mastered the production of more than ten types of new products.
In 1958, it had a profit of 23~million rubles. Its products are used for
new"blast furnaces, for the electrification of the Trans-Siberian Rail-
road, for huge electric power stations, axed for the extraction of Yakutian
diamonds. They are sent to all People's Democracies and to India, Afghani-
.stan, Burma, Pakistan, Iran, and the UAR. The plant's rolling mill rolls
up to 2,100 ingots. of aluminum per shift', as compared with 1,250 ingots
per shift at; the Kirs Kirskabel' Plant.
The plant has a heavy flexible cable shop (14). It is the first plant
to develop two continuous vulcanizing units for heavy flexible cables up
to 100 mm"in diameter. It has mastered the production of rubber strippers
for cotton-picking machines.
For several years, the Scientific Research Institute of the Cable
Industry has been located at the Tashkentkabel' Plant. The institute
has developed heat-resistant electrical coring cable for the oil indus-
try. The Soviet cables of this type are as good as any made by the famous.
Ralliburton firm of the US and the Perelli firm of Italy.
I. Z. Shabadash, chief of the Technological Division of the Institute,
states that the institute has developed ground drill cable which can
tolerate. an 8-ton load without stretching. It has also developed cable
for medium-.and high-power petroleum pumps. Soon the Belgorod and Kursk
orl deposits will be supplied with extralarge- gauge cable with corrugated
sheathing tdevelpped by the Institute,which, will be. used in pumping water,
out of -scpecial mineshafts. The institute has 'also developed high-voltage
mine cable for mobile power substations.
The plant' and institute have well-defined production structures. They.
provide for the needs of the petroleum, mining, fuel, 'and ferrous metallurgi-
-cal industriesand of railroads.
The plant is already making use of polyvinyl chloride, "ftoroplast"
jfluorine plastic], and polyethylene for covering cables.. A ton of
polyvinyl chloride costs 1,600 rubles and replaces 6 tons' of lead9 , tons
of copper, and 50 kg of yarn, amounting to 50,000 rubles.
During the past 2 years, party member Konstantin Ivanovi ch KAstygov,
chief engineer of the plant, was in China, where he helped to put a large
cable plant into operation in M Aden.
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The-Tashkentkabel' Plant is the. only USSR supplier of trolley wire
for the electrification of railroads. The plant is thinking of making
trolley wire out of steel and aluminum instead of copper., The days of
using rubber at the plant are numbered, plastics are being used` on an
ever-increasing scale. (Tashkent, Pravda Vostoka, 16 Jan 59)
.(i4) Photo. available in source, p 2, top
Beybrn a grove where gardens and fields begin are two buildings s&r-
rounded by.a"stone wall. These buildings are occupied by the Lsninakan
Electrical Engineering Plant, which }produces electric welding equipment
for ,shipment ,to all parts of the USSR and to foreign countries. This
enterprise` went into.operation in March 1958 Its press shop is equipped
with eccentric and.'automatic presses and guillotine shears. Its machine
shop is equipped with modern machinery. Welding equipment is assembled
on.a stand in the assembly shop.
In the near future, the plant will begin preparing f6r the production
.of the type STN-500 welder, coils for fluorescent lamp fixtures, and other
,products. A second stage of the plant will be built. during the SeveU-Year
Plan, at which time its output will be quintupled. (Yerevan, Kommun3 st,
14 Jain 59)
The machine shop of the Vil'nyus Electric Welding Equipment Plant is
large and spacious (15). (Vil'nyus, Sovetskaya Lttva, 10 Jan 59)
(15) Photo available in source, p 2
The Moscow Daylight Lang Plant of the Administration of the )telwork a g
:Industry.tof the Moscow.City:Soviet] produces the series ODL fluorescent
light fixtures... (Moscow,..Svetotekhnika, Mar 59, p 32)
Electrical ngineering.Plant of the Ministry
Since 1958, the -Lenin,
of "Railways has been-producing-two types of miniature relays: enclosed
plug-in types and open nonplug types.
(Source gives additional data and pictures of these relays.) (bscow
Transportnoye Stroitel!stvo, Mar 59, p 21.)
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