INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04864A000200100010-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 18, 1998
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: April 17, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 19 R$#$14
CEN71 ML INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
FOIAb3b1
COUNTRY CC UNIST CHINA
SUBJECT INDICATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VULNERABILITIES
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGE ACT SO
U. S. C.. 81 AND 32. AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
SOURCE.
FOIAb3b1
CPW Report No. 14 CONAUNIST CHINA
(taro 17-23, 1952)
SUM A.RY
In spite of indications for several weeks that the antiwaste, anticorruption, anti-
bureaucracy drive had reached its final stages and sown would be brought to an esd,
some stations during the week ending Mara 23 continued to broadcast confession and
accusation rallies and material aimed at promioting the drive. Reports that cadres
and private businessmen had been pardoned following full confession, and that others
were arrested for refusing to confess still were frequent,
There seemed to be considerable confusion or disagreement concerning the status of
the drive. -Some stations urged shop clerks, women, and other groups to continue
their exposure of corrupt elements "until a complete victory is achieved"; asked
that the masses "earnestly promote the drive"; and complained that ma cases of
corruption "have not yet been exposed." Some stations even spoke of bringing to
an end the "first stage of the tiger hunt"-and entei?ing'the second stage. Other
stations, and perhaps a greater number, gave clear indications that the drive 'must
be brought to a conclusion, The Central Government directive that remaining cases
of corruption be disposed of soon was mentioned often, and reports of wholesale
adjudication of cases were frequent. Haangchow' announced that the `local Austerity
Committee had "completed its adjudication" of corruption cases; Wuhan'said that the
South China Bureau of the Communist Party had ordered the drive ended;'and Peking
spoke of occurrences in Tientsin factories, "where the drive has ended."
Charges of capitalist. infiltration into State enterprises and Government' offices
for illicit gain droo ' sharply, which might a significant indication that
the campaign against the "capitalist class" " had resulted in losses for the Chinese
economy, and would have to be tempered considerably. Mukden declared in.a broads
cast that private industry had been told that "as long as it remains law abiding,
FOIAb3b1
STATE
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EPORT NO.'
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DATE OF mar o 17-23, 1952
INFORMATION
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NO. OF PAGES 14
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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it will receive equal treatment with State enterprises." This sounds quite different
from the intemperate charges against "capitalists" and the "capitalist class" that
have been heard since the anticorruption drive started, and which still are being
heard occasionally over some of the regional stations. Other obstructionist tactics
against the anticorruption drive were reported, but with less frequency than in
earlier weeks. Here, too, it might be significant that approximately half of the
monitored cases of obstruction placed the blame on cadres and Government officials
rather than upon businessmen. Kaifeng even reported that the chairman and deputy
chairman of the Austerity Committee in one Honan city were found to be-among the
chief obstructionists. A more negative resistance to the drive among cadres and
senior clerks still was reported from time to time, but the attention given even to
their shortcomings seemed to be on the decline.
On the other hand, actual cases of corruption, with arrests and punishment, were
reported in greater numbers. Numerous big tigers were caught, about half of them
private businessmen and half Government officials. Considerable attention was
given to smuggling activities, with indications that smuggling through Canton and
Hong Kong has been rather prevalent. Handling of opium and drugs by the smugglers
was mentioned often, and "imperialist American and the Chiang Kai-shek bandits"
-were accused of trying to "drug the People's China." Considerable stress also was
laid on corruption by pharmacists and handlers of drugs. A Shanghai broadcast
declared that "the market is flooded with fake Western drugs," and that the price
of foreign drugs has increased 60-70 times. Here, too,, imperi,l,ist.America is the
chief criminal because of the "American attack upon the China mainland in 1950,"
but many Chinese dealers have been guilty of fraud. A shortage of penicillin was
admitted, and charges made that "false penicillin" had been distributed in China.
New evidences of dislocations in the Chinese economy resulting from the anticorrup-
tion drive were unmistakable. Broadcasting stations stepped up noticeably their
reports of increased production in individual shops and factories, with the regular
explanation that the increased production efforts were made "to promote the drive."
However, many other broadcasts explained more fully how various enterprises were
attempting to keep up their production and at the same time continue the anticorrup-
tion drive. One store had created "two mariagerships," one to take care of production
and;one to conduct the drive. One State grain company had kept operations at normal
by "plac?irg orders with private merchants for processing grain." Still another
State ' factor. y had placed two of each 10 employees at work on the anticorruption
drive, and was depending on the remaining 8 to do the work normally done by 10.
In some cases, however, the broadcasting stations seemed to make no effort to keep
up the pretension that eiverythi.ng was running smoothly, with production being held
to normal. A Chinchow broadcast blamed the anticorruption drive for causing one
factory to reach only 70 percent of its January and February quotas. Tsinan admitted
that in one place the cadres "permitted trade operations to come to a halt." Hofei
quoted from newspaper articles which spoke of the "setback to production in State
industries" because of the drive, and even charged that people had gone hungry while
food rotted "because the responsible personnel had been removed." One chief
administrator was quoted in a Yangchow broadcast as admonishing his cadres to "use
the energy they had been putting into" the drive to promote production. A Foochow
broadcast declared that in one Fukien hsien the cadres had been so involved in the
anticorruption drive that they "caused general confusion among the farmers," with
the result that "farm work has been entirely neglected." Wuhan reported that some
factories in that area had "resumed operations."
Radio broadcasts also indicated clearly that food shortages and famine are growing
in some areas. Tsinan told of large allocations of relief food grain, while Hangchow,
Kaifeng, and Wuhan spoke of famine conditions. A Hangchow broadcast urged that
potatoes be planted "to alleviate spring famine conditions." More alarm was expressed
over the increasing number of deaths among work oxen, and one Hangehow broadcast
suggested that some farmers had allowed their oxen to die so they could collect the
insurance.
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Meanwhile much was said about the "mass patriotic emulation campaign'' to get spring
farming started and increase food production in 1952. There was evidence that
considerable effort was being exerted to get farmers supplied with seed, tools, and
fertilizer, and to guard against floods and drought. Here, too, difficulties were
suggested. Hangchow asserted that in one place the villagers were "demanding more
leadership," giving added evidence that changes brought by the Communist regime
have brought a deterioration in farm leadership. Yangchow reported that in one
northern Kiangsu area the farmers were demanding not only more food and fertilizer,
but also "kerosene, matches, tung oil and cloth."
More evidence was seen of the breakdown in the marketing system of the Shanghai
area. Hangchow reported that in. one Chekiang hsien the farmers had g billion yuan
worth of native products, such as tea, tong oil, and bristles, which they could not
sell--enough to buy 40 million catties of rice and other grain to feed the people
for one month. Nanchang also reported a meeting of farmers in one Kiangsi hsien
to "correct their misunderstanding" of the Government's "free lending and borrowing
policy."
The accusations that Chinese merchants and contractors sabotaged operations in Korea
by cheating on contracts to supply the thrones" Volunteers where still heard, but
were growing weaker. Such contracts invariably are spoken of as "army" contracts
or "Government" contracts, indicating that Chinese regional broadcasting stations
pay little attention to the myth that the Chinese Volunteers are nonofficial and
are not directly controlled by the Army and the Communist Government.
Charges that American planes were dropping disease-laden insects on North Korea
and Northeast China still were broadcast regularly by Peking, but not by the
regional stations. Most of the propaganda on bacteriological warfare also came
from Peking, with the regional stations coining their efforts to reports of-
protest meetings and organization of combat groups. Mukden'reported protests by
Christian religious groups in Northeast China, and a new determination on the part
of these groups to "eliminate Ame- 1can agents?l in their midst. Only one radio,
Nantung, was heard to broadcast Vyshinsky's attack in the United Nations on American
use of bacteriological-warfare.
In organization of units to fight bacteriological warfare, the regional stations
showed a declining interest in Northeast China and a greater interest in Korea.
A few home groups to fight epidemics were reported, but numerous broadcasts told
of volunteer units for the Korean front from among health workers and medical
students. Organization of such units was reported from as remote an area as
Chungking, where more than x,000 health workers were said to be ready to depart
for Korea.
Accounts of resistance to land reform were reported from Kiangsi, Yunnan, Hupeh,
Chekiang,_Hunan, and Szechwan Provinces. More reports of resistance were noted
among the farmers themselves, who seem to be taking the former attitude of the
landlords now that they are landowners. Formerly practically all reports of
resistance placed the blame on the landlords and the cadres.
A Shanghai newspaper severely criticized a Wuhsi newspaper for being 2 days late
in reporting action against seven Party members by the East China Party Committee,
and then failing to comment on the affair. The' Wuhsi paper accepted the criticism
and promised to do better in the future. The critical article described the
purpose of a newspaper in a rather novel fashion.
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