THE PUBLIC UTILITIES OF SHANGHAI

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 148
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 16, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 25, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2002/07/29: CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
U. S. Offi~iala Only
C O N F I D E N T I A L
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
IHFORMATIOH REPORT
COUNTRY Chirse
SU6.lECT The Public Utilities of Shanghai
PLACE ACQUIRED
(BY SOURCE)
DATE ACQUIRED
(BY BOIJRCE)
DATE (OP INaO,)
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A~rai~.ab~.o oa laa>~ troy the CIA ~,ibx?e+~y ie book e>ati~~elda The ~bliG Util~.ti?e
o!' Shan a~,,- prepar?d lay tho .8t~eg~ o~ Fub].ia Util~.tiae~ 521. Ta a o~
Contez~ B Ir as ~'ollo~r~ --
A Resume o~ the Xear'B Work
Paxt T . Cier~axal Reports
~,. Some Essentials of PUB'B Policy
2. The Adinin~,atratiaa oi' Public Utilities of
Shanghai .
~. Utilities and Shanghai .
I+. The Future l~ro~pexity of Shanghai .
5. Table ~,nd Charts ahowi,ng the D?velopment ~of
Utilities of Shanghai ~ . .
pert II. Water Supply
1. Rehabilitation of Shanghai's Watex~orks, ~-9~
2. Development of Water Supply for the Western
District . . . ~ .
~. Western District Water Supply Problem (~rith map)
1+. Statistics . . .. .
Pa,r~t III. Electricity
1. Powex^ Supply in the Year 191+8 . . .
2. Statistics . . ~ ~ ~ . .
U.. 3. Officials Only
C O N F I D E N T I`A L
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 Ap~,~le~'I~CIA~ O~Y-R~80ur0~~y6~~o~mat~ox0i01-9
25X1A
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Part IV.
Gas Supply
1.
High pressure Gas Main Interconnection between
Woosung Gasworks and Shanghai Gas Company
(with .map:). .
. 30
2:
Rehabilitation of the Shanghai Gas Company .
33
3.
Rehabilitation of the Woosung Gasworks, J.9~+8 ?
35
~-.
JCmprovement of Gas Supply .
37
5.
Part V.
statistics .
Transportation
38
1.
Proposal far Organizing the Shanghai Transit
company, . Lta . .
39
2.
"Preventive Maintenance" System of Buses ?
~2
3.
Traffic Light Improvements and Safety First Week ?
~+~
~+.
The Port of Shanghai and Its Ferries . .
~+6
5.
The Nantao Vehicular Ferry Service Slowly
Building Up . :
?
48
6.
Yehicul.ar and Passenger Ferry
The Yangtszepoo
Fro~ject .
50
:
The Franchise of the Shanghai Ferry Company .
52
Statistics
59
Part VI. Whexves;. Gvdvw~a.e~ ,aad Post Anthmrities
1. The Port of Shanghai 60
2. Nantao Wharves to Sexth 18 Vessels (with map) 66
Part VII.Telephone
1. Statistics ... '. 69
Part Y~II.
Tariffs, of U~i].ities
1. Revision of Public Utility Rates Explained by Tsao
70
2, Formulae for Computing Utility Tariff's
73
3, Danger of Economic Collapse
76
~. Rice in Utility Rates far behind COL increases .
5. On Vicious Spiral of Costs, Prices
82
6. SMG Stand on'Uti],ity Tariffs Clarified . .
86
7. Economics of Utilities :
$9
8. Utility Rues Compared with Local Prices.. :
93
g. Utility. Rates for August .~:'. -.
95
10: Reduced Utility Tariffs for August .
98
11. On Utility Tariff, Currency Reform, and Increase
of Production . .
].Ol
12. Utility Rates for November
106
13. Revised Utility Tariffs Aivsounced by PUB
109
1~+. Statistics and Chart
A. Table Showing Comparison of CTtility Tariffs
and Commodity Prices
B. Table Showing the Average Utility Tariffs
C. Table Showing the Indices of the Increases
of Utility Tariffs . ..
11~+
CONFIDENTIAL~US--~-F'b'.ICIALS aNLY - security Information
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d~~~~ ~~+' 01~r3 A~1LY - aa.~ ~ y v 25X1 A
D. I-ab1.e Showing the Iadices of the Increases
of the Ma,~or $lemeats of Utility T~.riffs .115
~. Tab]:e~ Bhav~ia+,g~-the Ind~;o~s v~.,t~e R?`~ailed
l~d~oes~ m~ Qamnnoc~i:+bies.:.-,. ,, ,, ;;;,..,- .; J.16
pheac~ ghowiag tha.Iadices of the.Iacr?ases ~~~
c,~; ~i9;ity Teri~~s~:aaad~'PAa~or ~~~l~.emeate 177
Fe~'t IX. b~[isoeJ~naous .
1. ~,oca1 '~re~ini~~; ~o~ Utility k~ngia~e~xs , 11~
:. 2. kle~c~x'~'r- a .~e~~re the ~N~ ~.c~vis~~y Ca~itt?e ?a
~+~soiiae A7.~.ocat~.on . 12~
3. The :~agi~er ~.~'~~]ali~ Wel~a~~ .. ; ~,2
~. CQmaa~c+~~~.?as 7~ibitia~ at Oh~,a~ttitng U~,iversl.ty 12~
~a~ct ~C. ~~adix
1. A~ Model '~a~iaaeer . ~'~`~ ILLEGIB
COIdFIDENTIAL~US . ?FFIC?ers ~DI,Y ~- Security Tn~ar~itic~n
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.,~
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THE PUBLIC UTILITIES
4F SHANGHAI
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1st Issue.
Sept. 19125-A2cy. 1.9126.
?22d Issue.
191,.6-X912i.
.~~?d Issue.
19127-.%912'8:
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CONTENTS
Part I.
1.
General Reports
Some Essentials of PUB's Policy _
Page
1
Z.
The Administration of Public Utilities of
Shanghai
5
3.
Utilities and Shanghai
g
4.
The Future 1}rosperitq of Shanghai .
12
5.
Table and Charts Showing the Development of '
Utilities of Shanghai
16
Pat't XI.
1.
Water Supply
Rehabilitation of Shanghai's Waterworks, 1948.
19
Z.
Development of Waxer Supply for the
Western District
22
3.
Western District ~'/axer Supply Problem
(with map)
23
4.
S~YatisYics _ . '
27
Part III.
1.
Electricity
Power Supply in the Year 194.8
28
2.
Statistics
29
Part IV.
1.
Gas Supply
High Pressure Gas 1VIain Interconnectioxx
Between Woosung Gasworks and Shanghai
Gas Company (with, map}
y0
2.
Rehabilitation of the Shanghai Gas Company
3,
3.
Rehabiliration of the Woosung Gasworks, 1948
35
4.
hnprovetnen.t of Gas Supply
3"
5.
Statistics
38
mart V.
1.
Transporxatiori
Proposal for Orgatuzing the Shanghai Transit
Company, Ltd. :'
39
Z "Preventive. Nlainte:aance" Systezx-~ of Buses .
42
3. TrafFic Light Improvemei~~ts & Safety First Week
44
=E. The Port of Shanghai & Xts J~'erries .
46
5.
The Nantao Vehicular Ferry Service Slowly
Building Up
48
6.
The YangYszepoo Vehicular aixd Passenger
Ferry Project
5~
7.
The Franchise of the Shanghai Ferry Company
52
S.
Statistics
59
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CONTENTS (Continued)
. Page.
Part VI. Wharves, Godo~wns, and Port Authorities
1. The Part of Shanghai ..
60
2. Nantao Wharves to Berth 18 Vessels (with map)
66
Part VII. Telephone
1. Statistics
- - -
69
Part VIII. Tari$s of Utilities
1.
Revision o? Public Utility Rates Explained by Tsao
70
2.
Foxznulae for Coxxa.ptuting Utility Tariffs
73
3.
Danger o? Economic Collapse
76
4.
Rise in. Utility Rates Far Behind COL Increases 79
5.
On Vicious Spiral of Costs, Prices
$Z
6.
SMG Stand on Utility Tariffs Clarified -
86
7.
Economics of Utilities.
89
8.
Utility Rates Compared. with Local. Prices
93
9.
Utility Rates for August
95
10.
Reduced Utility Tariffs for August
98
11.
On Utility Tariff, Currency Reform,
azxd
Increase o? Production
101
1Z.
Utility Rates for Nove:t-rtber
106
13.
Revised Utility Tariffs Announced by PUB
109
14.
Statistics aaxd Chart
A. Table. Showing. Comparison of .Utility Tariffs
axzd Commodity Prices
B. Table Showing the Average Utility Tariffs
C? Table Showing the Indices of the Increases
of Utility Tariffs
114
D. Table Showing the Indices of the Increases
of tlxe Major Elements of Utility Tari$s .
115
E. Table Showing the Indices of the. Retailed
Prices of Commodities
116
E'. Chart Showing the Indices of the Increases
o? Utility Tariffs and Major Elements
117
Part IX. Miscellaneous
1. Local Training for Utility Engineers
118
2. Report Made Before the SMG Advisory Com-
mittee on Gasoline Allocation
121
3. The Engineer and Public Welfare
123
4. Communications Exhibition at
University
Cluaotung
12.6
Part X. Appendix
1. A Model Engineer
128
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A RESUME OF THE YEAR'S WORK
1. THE TARIFF FORI~IUT.AE
Since January, 1948, a system of "automatic" formulae for
calculating the tariffs. of various utility services has been promul-
gated by the Executive Yuan. The formulae were founded on
the basis of the data and statistics concerning the operation o?
the utility companies, nnade available through the Bureau of Fublic
Utilities. The utility tariffs were fixed monthly on the basis of
these formulae by substituting the cost of Living index, coal price
and oil price, foreign exchange rate, and in sozxxe cases zn.etal
index, prevailing at the end of the previous month.
The system worked, smoothly up to the eud of lVlay, 1948,
before which general cvmznodity prices had risen in a relatively
slow though steady pace. Since June, however, the Central Gow
ernznent changed its foreign exchange policy by adopting the
system whereby the foreign exchange surrender certificate rate,
which was subject to market fluctuations, must be paid on top of
the official exchange rate. This change caused frequent jumps
of foreign exchange rates, which in a matter of $0 days from the
beginning of June to August 19, had jumped to 15 times up, with
the inevitable consequence of big. increases of cornzxxodity prices.
The utility tariffs to be adjusted only monthly could not follow
pace with the price increases, thus causing finsz~zcial losses to the
utility companies and crearizxg a crisis which was solved oa-zly after
Government subsidies and/ar loans were granted- In fixing the
tariffs for the month of August, therefore, an attempt was made
to add fifty percent to the foreign exchange rate, cost of liviz-~g
index and metal index established at the end of the previous
month. The attempt was believed to be fair under the circum-
stances but when enacted met strong ^pposition frozx~ the City
Council. Finally, the 50 percent was taken off and iz~. its place
the Municipal Government granted subsidies of equivalent amounts
to the utility companies. Since August 19, The %entral Govern-
ment promulgated a currency reforzxz by adopting "Gold. Yuan"
and a new financial policy ,by freezuig all commodity' prices, in-
cluding utility rates. During the mouths of September a.nd
~7ctober, governmental subsidies were given to the various utility
companies to enable them to maintain their aperativzz. ~xz
Novezxxber 1, the Central Government issued an unfreezing order.
Subsequently the. utility tariffs have been adjusted as realistically
as possible, according to the actual costs of operation of the
services-
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? 2. THE UNITIED POWER COMPANY PROJECT
Tkxe project has been placed among. the tvp priority lists in
ECA's China Aid Reconstruction Progranrt. The loan for cover-
ing the part of capital an U.S. dollars for ehe project has riot yet
been granted. However, a topping unit turbo-generator set has
been granted by ECA to the Shanghai Power Compaxiy, which is
a wise choice, but as not an alterxzative to the UPC Project.
For the best ixzterests~of overall power development an Shang-
hai, the United PoCVer Company Project must be promoY.ed. The
writer understands that the Project still remains as Priority ;~
among ECA's programs' and. it may receive very favorable con-
sideratavzt when EC'A's program cotltinues for the secoxxd year.
3. PUBLIC TRANSIT COMPANY IN FORMATION
The City Bus Servaee has operated bus transportation facili-
ties for the public' for over two years already, with the, objective of
organizing a modern city transit company. The principles ^f the
incorporation of the company have been approved and passed by
the 1Vlunicipal Government and the City Council. The City
Council later, however, decided. to have 60 percenrc of the total.
capital to be invested by private individuals and 40 percent to be
taken care of by the 1Vlunicipal Government: At,. appraising
committee was later formed, consisting of four representatives
from the Municipal Goverruxxent and the City Council and one
representative from the Chartered Accountants c~.ssociation; in
addition to 4 experts. The fair value of the assets of the City
Bus Service was made out on October 28 to be about GY~9,530,-
000. The appraisal, however, is automatically invalid after the
devaluation of gold yuan in relation to foreign exchange
announced by the Central Government on November 1, 1948. Up
to the time of writing this report, the tizxae of formation of the
Cary Transit Company is still under serious consideration of the
City Coutxcil and the Municipal Governtnex-tt.
4. THE YANGTZS1t;P00 TRUCK FERRY PROJECT
As to water transportation, particularly, fhe trans-Whangpov
truck ferry service, this year has seen the upward developznex~t
of the vehicular ferry service at Nan-ma-too (South Wharf) in-
augurated on 'Double Tenth Day, 1947. The facility was gradu-
ally appreciated by the public, as can be viewed frozxz the rise of
the number of trucks and automobiles passing the ferry from a
dozen a day at the beginning of the service to 2 hundred motor
vehicles a day recently.
To meet the rising need of the community .and. to assist in .
'the plan of alleviating traflir congestioxa at the Bund, a. new pro-
ject at Yangtzsepoo has been drafted, and will be carried out as soot.
as the necessary funds can be financed, The complete projeca consists
of 2 parts-1st, a simple truck ferry, and 2nd, a more elaborate
vl
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construction with combined truck and passenger accotz-zx-nodations.
Tl-~e- estimated construction capital is .about US$1,000,000.
5. CONTINUATION OF WATER SUPPLY EMERGENCY
PROGRAM
Water supply is both a public utility and public health ser-
vice. Tlie Bureau of Public Utilities started in 1VIarch, 1948, the
service o? the newly.-built 600,000 gallon reservoir oz~ Chung
Cheng l2cad (Westertt) . A Scrutinizing and Allocation Commit-
tee for subscriptions of water supply in the Western area has
beeza organized. T'lae Committee was represented by the Shang-
hai F~Uaterwvrks Company, the City Council and the Bureau of
Public Utilities. Xt is gratifying to report that about two hundred
subscribers have already been given water.
The Bureau leas further this year successfully c'ozxxpleted the
connection of water zxzains of the Inland Waterworks Company
with those in the Western 'District, through pipe Iiues owned by
the French Company and. the Shanghai Waterworks Company,
thus diverting a portion of surplus water from the Inlazzd Water-
works Compaziy to the Western District. T'he connection line
has a total length of 9 kilometers. To cozxzpensate for, the loss
of water head, a boosting pump station is being installed vn, Siatu
Road- The whole scheme is proceeding smoothly with cooperation
from the waterworks companies concerned and is sclxeduled to
be completed by the'end of this yeas. The successful comple-
tion of the scheme will enhance the water supply in the Western
area by 3,000,000 gallons daily, suffzciez-zt to provide water for
120,000 people.
6. HXGH PRESSURE GAS MAIN INTERCONNECTION
Further to the BLZIk Supply Agreement made between the
Shanghai Gas Company and the Wooszuzg Gasworks last year,
the two concerns have again manifested their spirit of mutual co-
operation by agreeing ao and starting the coz~strucrion of a high.
pressure gas main from the Uryang Road ~ovexnor house of the
Woosung Gasworks to connect with the Tangku Road high pres-
sure main of the Shanghai Gas Company so that gas axaade by the
Woosung Gas~,vorks during the night can be transmitted to the
Sitzang Road reservoir 'of the Shanghai Gas Company For redis-
tribution during the day. This is completely in line with the
Bureau's policy and is to be highly commended.
7. THE FRANCHISE OF THE FRENCH-OWI~IED
ELECTRIC LIGHTING & TRAMWAY COMPANY
The Compagnie Francaise de Tramways et d'Eclairage Elec-
triques de Shanghai operates, besides electric powez and tramway
services, a few bus lines and a waterworks, as authorized by t'he
franchise and agreement signed between the Company and the
vii
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ex-Council of the French Settlement. The Franchise will termin-
ate orA .May 1, 1950. The Municipal Government, following the
national policy of encoL~raging foreign investment, has taken, steps
?or the negotiation of the extensions of the franchise, separately,
for electric power, water supply and, public transpar~tation, with
certain important provisions. The negotiation was interrupted due
to the sudden death of Mr. A. Sigmann, the General Manager
of the Company. It is hoped. that it~may be resumed soon.
8. THE TRAFFIC PROBLEM
Traffic congestion still remains a knotty problem irx Shanghai.
One of the many causes lies in the great varieties o? vehicles
running in the streets, each. witlx its own speed. The immediate
solution lies in increasing mass-transportatio~tx facilities, eliminating
pedicabs and other man-propelled vehicles, and removinig the many
bottlenecks in busy thoroughfares.
As a first.measure to ease traffiic congestion, based on sugges-
tions of Dr. Thomas Comway, Jr., a set of automatic' synchron-
ized traffic lights was installed in Nanking Road (Western),
starting from Shensi Road to St _ Gecrges. In that section, a
east- or west-bound motor .car can pass through 5 blocks wiah
green lights at a speed of 25 miles. per hour.
4. TELEPHONE EXTENSION PROGRAM IN PROGRESS
The Shanghai Telephone Company is steadily progressing
with the program of installing 10,000 line extension o? telephone
service. These lixies have been allocated to different offices. As
scheduled, the 1,400 1u~es for Fokien Office (1st digit "9") and
the 1,000 littes for_Montigny Office (1st digit "8") are. to .be com-
pleted for cut-over oi-~ December ~1, 194$, while the reix~aining
7,600 lines allocated to West and North Offices will be completed
within next year.
10. A SUMMING UP
The present year leas. witnessed an unprecedentedly .difficult
and trying period ?or the utilities of Shanghai. 'Scarcely a day
passed without the appearance of some problems demanding
immediate attention. It _is .only through the able guidax~.ce of
Mayor K. C. Wu, the tinxely assistance o? ?the Governors of the
Central Bank, and the ardent cooperation of all my co-workers
that these day-by-day problems were realistically solved. Little
thgugh has been accomplished, the effort is by no means small.
I wish to take the opportunity to extend, my Heart-felt apprecia-
tion and thanks to all concerned and to solicit and pledge them
?or more support.
T. C. TSAO.
December 2, 1948.
viii
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QTR. T. C. TSAO
Commissioner of Public Utilities of Shanghai
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Vice President Li Tsang den {middle) viatting Sliang$ai Power Company
nrith Coi~unissioner 1', C. Tsao {left), D~Ir. P. S, Hopkins {right), President' of
S'.P.C., Air. C. J. Ferguson (between lliessrs. Li &Tsao) and bTr. K. Y. ~~ang
{ex Creme left) of S.P.C., and i4lr. T~, D. Lee (extreme right), advisor
to the P.U.B.
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PART ~ GENERAL REPORTS
1. SO1~IE ESSENTIAT.S OF PUS'S POLICY
T. C. Tsao
Report made before the xxiontkuly meeting of Sl~'IG
The ultimate objective of the public utility services is to make
thetxz (1) Availalbe to~ all, (Z) Econnomical to all, and (3)
Satisfactory to all.
In order to further the above objective, we need a definite
a.nd clear-cut policy in administering lie public utilities.
In the establishz~nettt of a policv there are tiao considerations,
theory and practice. Only a welt-balanced coordination of the
two will make the po:liry sound and workable.
Theoretically speaking our polity should fall along the fol-
lowing three Iines:-
(1) Coorduiated scheme of development under overall
planning to be correlated with the development of the
Municipality.
(2) Modern system o? management resulting in l~igller
efficiency and greater economy,
(3) Uniform standards of service and, ultimate uniform tariff
rates throughout the :Municipality. '
Against the three theoretical principles are three practical
considerations rvhi~h must not be neglected:
(1) The existence of different franchise areas which have
been served by different utility companies, a result of the forzi~er
political status of Shanghai.
(Z) The obligation of the Municipality to l~.onor the fran-
chises of the companies granted by the former municipal coLincils.
(3) The absence of any overall plain as the companies de-
signed plants to meet needs of their individual franchise areas.
After carefully weighing each .factor, our policy in adminis-
tering the public utilities of Shanghai has beet3 formed, of which
the essence is given below:
A. I'ROI~IOTXON OF UNITED COMPA;NTES
State ownership of the utilities is out paper an easy
solution to the problem. But our Governnrx.ent at present
is funancially unable to make the purchases of the: utility cozn-
pazues and legally bound by the obligation carried over front. the
?orxner municipal awthorities to respect the franchises gra:t-~ted by
(1)
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them. to the companies. The united companies advocated by xhe
Bureau of Public Utilities aitn at united service to all areas of
Shanghai without interfering with the rigl-zts. of the existing com-
panies. The United Power Company notiv under promoxion is a
~:vod exaixzple. Pending the ixaaturityof the formation of the united
companies, the Bureau has established the City Bus Service, Wov-
sun.g Gasworks, Pootung Waterworks, and. the Western District
Water Supply Planning Office, all of which are expedient measures
in line with the future development of the various urzireci cetn-
uanies.
B. EI.IMTNATTON OF DISTRICT SOUNaDARTE'S
The complete elim,ix-nation' of the district boundaries set up
by the existence' of different franchise areas will depend on the
successful consum.zna~tion of the united company projects. The
$ureau o? Public Utilities has, however, successfully brought
about the partial elimination of such b:,undaries. The ethzcal
conduct of the Shanghai Pawex Company has made possible ?the
large amount of bulk supply power going to Nantaoy C'liapei, and
Pootuzzg. With xhe cooperatioa~ of the Fnez-zch Cvmpan.y, a Y~um-
ber of bus routes which cross many of xhe "boundarie-s" are
jointly operated by the City $us Service and the French Com-
pany. Many of the city's green buses are operatiuYg through three
past political areas, namely, the Municipal Area, the ex-
Internaxional Settlement, axzd the ex-French Coz-cession, The
V~ocsung Gasworks entered into a bulk supply agreement witl:
the Shanghai Gas Company. The Shanghai Waterworks Com-
pany, the French Company and the Western District Water Sup-
ply Planning Office have ur-zited their efforts in solving the water.
supply problem of the Western District. All these instances serve
to illustrate the efforts of the PUB in elimina~ring th.e "bound-
aries" for the benefit of the populace o? Shanghai.
C. TNCREA,SE OF SUPPT.Y
$ecause of the limit set by the franchise areas, the utility
services of Shanghai are in a very much unbalaza.ced state, with
a number of areas inadequately or even not supplied by the
services. Regarding water supply, the Bureau is trying to evpazid
the Pootung Waterworks, rebuild the Western District Water
Ctation, and resume! the supply of water to ships anchoring. iza the
Harbor. Emergency projects to alleviate the water shortage iz~
the Western District are being tarried oixt. The corrxpletion of
the first stage of the project has boosted water supply in the Dis-
triet by 200,000 gallons daily.. Granted enough funds, the 2~id
stage of the project when 'concluded will increase the daily water
output by 3,000,000 gallons. To supply water to the poor and.
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water for anti-epidemic uses, there are over 130 free water stations
and retailing stations. Regarding gas, the Woosung Gasworks is
supplying consumers in Northern Shanghai, while the Nantao gas
mains now under planning will serve, partially, the population i.n
the Nantao District. Regarding transit facilities, more lines are
Bain;, added. to the city bus service, while buses in urban districts
are temporarily operated by private companies.
D. BALANCED DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY
There is at presex~t air. extremely rtnbalanced state of deve-
lopment of the two banks of the Whangpoo River which is highly
dettinnental to the City's economic interests: The location. of most
of the city's wharves and godowns in. Pootung makes the delivery
costs of goods ettremely high. The Bureau of Public Utilities
initiated last year a vehicular ferry service in Nantao and is plat-~-
izxg to build another one in Yangt2epvo. The PUB has instructed
the Pootuztg Waterworks and the Pootung Power Com-
pany to devote all efforts to? expand their services. When water,
power, and transportation problems of Pootung? can be solved,
the day of its prosperity is anticipated.
E. IMPROVING INDUSTRIAL POWER SUPPLY
Shanghai is the industrial cezxter of China. Power is the
pxim.e mover o? industry. Since the developments of tb.e utilities
should match with the development of the city, industt.ial power
supply must be adetluately maintained to foster the industries.
Although power supply for Shanghai has always been short, the
PU13 has tried its best to maintain the power needed by the in-
dustries. Industrial power consumption .is over 66C/o of the total
.power generated. The restrictive measures of using, electricity
find the restrictions in the power consumption for household space
heating or air conditioning are also for tlae purpose of givuig
moire power to industries: These. are, however, only expedient
solutions. The final solution rests in the early establish.tn.eiXt of
the United Power Company.
F'. UTILITY TARIk'FS
The utility tariffs have direct beariaag on the livelihood of
the local popalace. Since tariffs .are fixed by the competent aurhor-
ity, the managements o? the utility Companies are under the super-
vision of the arxthoriry, and the profits of -the companies are
limited by law, therefore the utility taz'iffs, uxtder norxxaal circum-
stances, will not be so high as to affect the living ' of people,
neither will they be so low as to affecq the operation of the
companies. The utilities are industrial enterprises. The object
o~ industrial enterprise is reproduction. The essential element
(3)
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of "reproduction" is profit. The Bureau of Fublic Utilities, in
fixing the utility tariffs, consider the. burden of the. public on the
one hand, and give the companies legitimate profits as provided
by their franchises on the other hand.. Recently, however, prices
oaf comxnodities increase much more speedily anal in greater per-
centages while the incomes of the mass of the population do nor,
increase proportionally. The P'UB with understanding on the part
of the companies, can then only temporarily give the companies
tariffs which will merelyenable them to maintain their operation.
Meanwhile, the PUB has instructed the companies
to maximize their expenditures, helped them to purchase
fuel and foreign exchange in advance, and adopted . the
reverse block system so that the big consumers pay
xxioxe while .smaller. consumers pa.y less. Saxce July, 1948 the
Central. Government changed its foreign exchange policy, adopt-
ing the exchange surrender cerxificate system. The dollar ex-
chan.ge rate jumped from CN$480,000 to CN$5,030,000, an in-
crease of 9 times. Fuel oil and parts required by the utility
companies are all iinpor'ted and require excbangey and the depre-
ciation and profit of the foreign operated utility companies are
also calculated in foreign exchange. The CO'L Index was pub-
lished twice a month since July. The companies were extremely
short of revolving funds The utility tariffs calculated at the
beginning o? the month and based on the average indices of the
previous month under the circumstance do not yield sufFicient
revenues to enable the companies to meet their expenditures. All
the companies consequently suffered deficits. To compensate for
this loans from the Central Bank were arranged to provide
revolving fuxxds for the companies, and fifty percexxt ha.d been
added to COT. Index, metal price index, and foreign exchari~ge
rate used in the formulae for calculating August tariffs. The new
rates were designed to be realistic. The reverse block systems
were still znaintain.ed. The companies were allowed to collect
their bills from the big consumers twice a month. -
G. PRESENT CONDITIONS
Three years have passed since V J Day. Under the able
leadership of 1VIayor K. C. W1i, hearty ef)=oxts of the companies,
uaireserved cooperation of the public, some improvements have
been made for the utility services of Shanghai inspite of many
difficulties- Comparing the statistic's of the services in October
1946 with those of April, 1948, water, .power, transit, gas aztd
telephone services have substantially increased. Because power
and transit services suffered most during enemy occupation they
received our most attention aaid made the biggest increases.
The following figures may be useful for reference:
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Daily water production of Shanghai is now 100.000,000
gallons, monthly power generation 100,000,000 kwh 60%? of
which used by industrial consumers, daily gas production 4,000,- ,
000 cubic feet, there are 90,000 telephones with daily average '
number of calls 750,000, 40 public ?transit routes with 700 vehicles -
carrying 1,000,000 passengers daily, 16 ferry boats with Z vehicular
Parries, 18',500 streets lights 10,000 of which added since V-f Day,
150 .sets of traffic lights with automatic lights installed in Nan-
kizig Roan West).
From October, 1945 to? April, 1948, the development of
utiiiry services of Shanghai can be seen froaxz the following in-
creases: Regarding water, production has increased 69%, length
of pipes has increased 2%, number of consumers 'Z%~. Regard-
ing electricity, generating capacity has increased 327%, length of
transmission lines 7%, and number of consumers 18%. Regard-
ing gas, productive capacity h.as increased 103%, length of pipes
9%, and number of cansuzners 9$%- Regazrduzg telephone, num-
ber of seas has increased 7%, and number of subscribers 8%.
Regarding tramways, number of routes has increased 45 %~, length
of routes 89%, number of trams 15%. Regarding electric trolley
bus, number of routes has increased 29%, length of routes 18%,
number of trolley bus 65%. Regarding buses, number oP routes
has increased 1,700%, length aP routes 1,370'%, anti number of
buses 1,330%. Regarding ferry, number aP 'Perry boats has in-
creased 220%, total tonnage 159% and 'number of lines Z00?/-0.
Regarding street lights, nuzxaber of street lamps has- increased 119%.
(Published in "Central Daily News", August 2, 1948)
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2. THE ADI4IINISTRATION OF' PUBLIC
UTTLZT'IES OF SHANGHAI
Dr. T. C. Tsaoy Commissioner of the Bureau of Public
Utilities of Shaii,ghai, gave a. lecture Iast night on the "Adminis-
tr.ation o? Shanghai's Utilities" in the Chinese Y1VIC'A Auditerinm.
This speech was the second of a series spoixsored by the
Municipal League of China for augmenting public knowledge
ou city affairs.
Dr. Tsao started his well-planned. and interesting speech. by
stressing the importance of adequate and efficient utility services
for the welfare of the public.
He then went an to elaborate on the accepted abbreviation
of his Bureau, the PUS. "P" stands for Popularization, Dr. Tsao
said, we want to make the utility services popular so that every
citizen will be able to off. and ~to use them. "U" stands for Ux1ifi-
cation, rvherebv we hope to unify and roordinatc all the utility.
services fvs the best interest of the public. "'B" s?taz~ds for
Beautification. The word. does not mEan beautiful in its usual
sense. It rather means the amenity of the city due to good ser-
vices such. as bright street lamps, adequate and. comfortable pub
tic transport, punctual ferry service, orderly wharf traffic, cyan
gas supply; those are the things which we call beautiful and
which we must strive for.
Official Supervision
The main function of the Bureau of Public Utilities is the
supervision over ?the various utility companies instead of direct
management of the above. Witb the fundamental aim of serving the
best interest of the public, the Bureau helps, instead of interfezes
with, the companies, and gives counsels or advices xather than
orders. The fundamental policies of the PUB in admiiiisterii~g the
utility services are expansion of services, enhancing of efficiency,
and rationalization of tariffs.
The present operation of the utilities of Shanghai is severely
handicapped by the universal postwar shortage of essential
materials and capital so that after the destruction or removal of
plants by ?the enemy we have a herculean task in rehabilitating
them. Our effozts have so fat resulted in the following
achievements:
X. Tlie daily water output now reaches one hundred million
gallons, which divided by the population of 5,000,000 nets twenty
gallons per day for each person.
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2. Monthly power production is now roughly one hundred
and. seven million kilowatt hours, sixty percent of which is used
by industrial consumers.
3. Daily productive capacity of gas supply is now live million
cubic feet which hardly meets the demand of the public. Tl~er:
is. practically no new installation for gas. connection.
~}. There are at present 94,920 sets o? telephone, or one
telephone for every fifty persons in Shanghai.
5. Local transit facilities uow number 550 cars, including
trams, buses, and trolleys. The quantity 'is still insufricient for
the huge population of Shanghai. It is estimated that 3 times the
number of public transport vehicles are needed to meet the
situation.
UPC axed ~'orezgn Capital
A word may be mentioned about the efforts of the Bureau
in proixioting the United Power Company Project, the.suecessftrl
consuix~mation of which will no doubt give stimulus to other.
unification schemes. The UPC Scheme is the. mosx sound project,
as recognized by all, and the Central CaverA~ment has agreed to
it in principle. it only remains to pass through the necessartir
legislation steps.
Qur attitude to the foreign-operated utility cotnpanies ai-e
based on two principles: vi~r. (].) in respecting their franchises
and. in giving them legitimate profit. I'or quick economic reha-
bilitation and reconstruction, it is our national policy to welcaixie
foreign capital; (2) in also treating some of them, which are
efficient and up-ta-date in operation, system, as educational in:
stitutions for training technical personr_el. for China's fixture con-
sxrucxiona: work.
(Cl~u:a wily Tribune, ~~pril 13, 19=18)
( i )
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Conatnissioner T. C. Tsao of. the 1]ublic Utilities' Bureau,
in the course of an interview with a representative of this
paper yesterday, gave a comprehensve clarification of the principles
guiding the Bureau in the adminsstra~tion of the utility services
in ~hangh.ai.
1n additioaz Ivlr. Tsao also referred to plans of the Public
Utilities Bureau to enhance the prosperity of this city.
The principles guiding the $ureau in its works to improve
and rationalize utility services, he said, are to establish systems
and to carry out expedient solutions, as well as long range plans.
Touching on the B'ureau's no?licies for the adirAinistration of .
ehe utility services, Commissioner Tsao has dais to say: "Shang-
hai's utility services are in size and scale the largest i1a China and
the number of units operating them is unsurpassed by other
leading cities- Over-population, extensive developrr~.ent or indus-
tries and cozntnerce, plus the difficulties in restoring war-damaged
plants have, however, made the present services still inadequate
to meet the demand. The rnany units operating the utilities,
which were each established to serve their ow.n frazachise areas
without consideration of the City as a whole, have resulted in the
irregularity of service staaidards and noi-~-uaaiformity of tariffs.
The whole systems were far from rational. The guiding prin-
ciples of pUB's work for the improvement and ra.tionalizatiox~, of
the utility services are the establishment of systerias and carrying
out of expedient solutions as well as long range plans.
"The construction, maintenance, and management of utility
services should be done under established systems so that they
can be coordinated with the development of the City and the
need of the public. Upon rationalization of systems, our efforts
must be directed to carry out expedient solutions and also long
range plans. p'or example, through the efforts of SPC, coal for
generating one kilowatt hour of power has been reduced from
Z.I6 pounds to 1.9 pounds. The total generating capacity has
in the Iasi- year increased from 154,300 kilowatts to 193.840 kilo-
watts. The servicing o? municipal buses, the restoration of Nan-
tao wharves, the carrying out of the eiaaergency water sLtipply plan
far the Western .District and the pxornorio:-a of the United
Power Coraapany and United Transit Conxpany projects all serve
to manifest that our efforts have been made for expedient as well
as fundamental solutions.
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"After the establishment of rationalized systerxxs, personnel
capable of ruxining them are indispensable. The PUB, together
with the well-equipped and large-scale utility companies in Shan;-
hai, has sponsored training Classes, o$ering technical tranaing o?
Z to 3 years to engineering. graduates of China's leading ?univer-
sities. These personnel will be invaluable assets and can be used
in tl~e future development o? utility services.
Attitude Toward Foreign Companies
Asked about the attitude of ?the PUS toward ?oreigrn com-
panies, he said: "T'he question can be answered from two differ-
ent angles, legal and factual.
"(1 ~ L,egal point o? view--The foreign comparri.es were organ-
ized during Settlement and Concession days and had been award-
ed franchises by the former Councils. ~~Tith the rendition o? the
Settlement and Concession, the 1Vlunici~aal Govexrnrxrent o?
$harnghai has become tlxe? legal successor- to all the rights
and obligations of the ex -Councils and has, according to
the new Sino - American and Sino -British treaties, zhe
..obligation of acknowledging such franchises. "(Z) .Factual point
of view-Ta welcome ?areign investment for post-war reconstruc-
tion o? China has been a national policy since is was passed by
the National Defence Supreme Commission in November, 1944.
'7'he Central Government has revised the Company Law to make
it compatible with the above resolution. X? future foreign invest-
ment and companies are welcome, it follows naturally that the
existing companies must be encouraged ro stay. Besides; the exist-
ing companies have been willing to abide with our laws and in-
structions and have cooperated with us in every possible way.
They are in this respect no differen+_ from the Chinese companies."
Tlxe "Automatic Formulae"
Speakirng on tlae adoption of the "automatic forrxaulae" for
revision o? utility tariffs, 1VTr. Tsao explained, "We Cannot allow
the corxxpar_ies to ?tetminate operation o? any utility service. Hence
we have to approve realistic revisiv:n.s of utility tariffs to matte them
compatible with the ever-rising prices of general commodities. On
the other hand, we must not izttpose any unfair burden on the
public. The best solution lies in working our a scientific, equit-
able basis by which the mi~itnum costs of operation of the utility
companies can be calculated, on which will be based the tariffs.
The "automatic formulae,". containing constanrs and variables,
are exactly for this purpose. The constants, such as quantity of
coal for generating one unit of power, are arrived at by careful
scrutinization and close investigation to past statistics o? the com-
panies. Tlne variables are reduced to such bare essentials as COL
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index, foreign exchange rates, price of coal, metal price index,
etc., which constitute the utility costs. Thus operating costs fur
each month can be ccmputed from ?the quotatiotzs of the various
variables.
"The fixing of the constants for the forzaittlae was done after
much care and deliberation. The figures have 6eetx kept at
minimum. Our objects are twofold: to reduce the burden of
the public and to encourage the companies to spare no effor~s
to enhance efficiency so that the approved rates;. irz addition to
covering, operational costs, can provide a znargitt 1?or~ legitimate
profit as authorized by the franchises, The utility companies of
comparatively lew efficiency may find it necessary to improve to
their own advantage."
Traixxing o?f Technical Statl
Ques~tianed about progress i.n the traitxizlg o? the technical
personnel. 1Vh. Tsao said that starting from 1945, the PUB, in
cooperation with the Shanghai Power Company and the Shanghai
Telephone Company, had. organized training classes. There are
now 5$ persons under training. It is the aim. of the training
program to train technical tnen not. only to serve the utility com-
panies concerned but also to help develop the utility industries ?~f
China, he said. ?
1?lans Far Shanghai's Prosperity
Asked about the Bureau's plans to make Shanghai a pa:osper-
aus city, Mr. Tsao said:-"Increasing production and. facilitating
transporta:ior., are the two Chief reC(uiretnetlts of the future pros-
perity of Shanghai. To increase production the question of
power supply must be solved. Before the establislzt~,et-at of tthe
.United Power Company, th.e PUB urged the different nowrr com-
panies to exert all efforts to increase their generating r?apacities
so that, later on during the peak load hours power supply to fac-
tories can still be maintained. The PUB, in addition to appeal-
ing to the public to save the use of electricity themselves, has
requested the Central Government to start daylight saving time
from April 1 so that more electricity can be saved for industrial
purposes.
"To reduce the productioxial costs o? industries_ the PUB has
always attempted to make power for industrial consumers as cheap
as possible. Industrial powex rate now is about 20 percent less
than the rate ?or lighting. We hope to make further reduction
in the future.
"To~ coordinate international and national transport system,
a Sliangliai Port Authority should be established as quickly as
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possible. Cxood railway connections must be made Yo the harbor
and air transportation lizzhed with waterways and railways. A
city transport plan, leas been mapped out according to the location
of land, water and air terminals, systematically correlated. A
United Transit Company is to be promoted to establish a satisfac-
tory transportatior. system in the City."
According to preliminary estizxxates, Shanghai at present will
need 1,500 buses, IvIz?. Tsao said, but the bixses now in operation
nnzxzber 500 or only one-third of the estimated requirem~enY. The
nuzxiber needs substantial increases.
The foYnnation of the transit company has been approved by
the Fifth Session of the City Council an,d i,'t is hoped to realize
this before the end of this year, IVTr. Tsao said in conclusion.
(North China Daily News, 1~Iarch 16, 198)
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"Improved harbor. facilities, adequate electric power supply, .
axtd coordinated transportations systezzz are the three things the
implementation o~f which will contribute most to the future pros-
perity of. Shanghai," stated PUB Coznmissiouer T. C. Tsao in a
broadcast speech in the Police Radio Station, recently. The fol-
Iowing is the text of Commissioner Tsao's speeclx:--
What are the things the implementatiozt of which wYll con-
tribute most to the future prosperity of Shanghai?
I may perhaps serve best to start our discussions with a
brief analysis of the characteristics of Shanghai. First of all,
Shanghai is essentially; an international port and the main founda-
tion of its ec6nomic strttcture lies in the ease wish which trade
and commerce can flow in axed out through its harbor and. trans-
portation facilities. Secondly; a review of oast and present statis-
tics will reveal that the`liglxt ?industries in China have mostlSr
concentrated in Shanghai. Shanghai was, is, and will be the
center of light industries iri China-
Haring brought out the outstaziding characteristics of Shang-
hai, we may have a direct approach to our subject riroper, "The
Future Prosperity of Shanghai." Our answer is almost autozxxatic_
-(1) Improved harbor facilities, (Z) adequate, electric power
supply, and (3) coordinated transportation system. These, in our
opinion, constitute the elements which are most conducive to the
future prosperity of Shanghai.
$hangliai's Haxbor
We shall begin by giving a brief evaluation of 'the harbor of
Shanghai. In prewar days, imparts and exports handled by the
port of SI-ianghai amounted to over, 30 percent of those o? the
whole nation. With the ending o? the war, the figure leaped to
85 percent. In ].935, the quantity of import and export 'was
more than thirty-five million tons. Needless to say, when condi-
tions resume normal, what with capital goods to~ import and ?zn-
ished goods to export, the quantity znay progressively increase.
Cur harbor as it is at present will naturally re~~uire much im-
provement both in its equipments and management-
The requirements of a good harbor are manifold.. We must
have sufFicient and adequate berthing places for vessels and rea-
sonably high speed in loading and unloading, i.e., the rapid transfer
of cargo ?r.om water carriers to load carriers, and vice versa, we
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would require rrxodern, up-to-date port facilities, such as mechanized
cranes, classified godowns and. wharves. ~`Ue would also require a
sound and centralized port authority. X ain happy to say that
the Shangrai Port 1Zegulation Commission had completed a draft
for the Proposed Permanent Port Authority of Shanghai and
submitted it to the Executive Yuan for approval.
The construction of wharves has inueh bearing on the sinootla
operation of the port and in. there the opinions of th.e experts
are divided. One group advocated the dug-in dock system as
adopted by London, the other group gave decided prefere~ace
to the full utilization; of the two banks of the ~}C7hangpoo
River with either floating pontoons or fixed wharves, as exist-
ing at present. Both systems have their own advantages and dis-
advantages. Tn our future planning, we shall hope ~tv use a
conglonnoration of the two, with a little emphasis on the latter
because of its lesser initial costs. The former, however, must be
resorted to, when justified, because it is sUecially convenient to
raikcay connections.
Our main job at present is, after the approval .of the Pro-
posed Organic Lacy of the Port Authority by the Central Author-
ity, the establishment of the Port Authority and tlae assessment
of capital. Onr efforts hereafter will be devoted along these
lines.
'E1e~tric .Po~ever
A look into the consumption records of electric power in
electric power in Shanghai will disclose that Shanghai has been
well developed in its industries, especially.,.light industz-ies. .fit
present the monthly total of power consumed is roughly one
biillion kilowatt hvur.s. of which. 60 percent is used by industrial
consumers. A.m.ong the industrial usage, by far the: largest is
cotton mills, which occupy more than 60 percent of the. total.
Followuig their heels are flour mills, weaving mills, oil extract-
ing business, cold storage business, etc.
Despite the. efforts of the Competent authorities and coxx-
cerus the rehabilitation o?f industries of Shanghai Izas been much
handicapped by an acute power shortage. 1VIany spindles of
cotton mills are not being operated. Cotton mills have to shut
down their plants rotationally twice a week. X.~aad to anills has
toy be staggered in case of breakdown of one generator. Such
happenings always cost the manufacturers irrevocable econo~t~ical
losses. An immediate remedy is indispensable to the future pros-
perity of Shanghai.
Shanghai has surplus capital, competent techaucal personnel
and labozers, and a goad environment for industrial develop-
ment. The best solution to any unemployment problem is to
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direct surplus capital to invest in industries, thereby offering pro-
ductive employment to the jobless and indirectly stabilizing the
market and curbing the ever risiuig inflation. It is estimated that
at present there is a shortage of 60,000 kilowatts of power, which
can be immediately absorbed by the now idle equipment and labor.
It will provide 90,000 persons with work and irs prodLictive value
per month will be equivalent to seventeen million LJ.S. dollars.
It is for this purpose that the. Shanghai Municipal Gavertiment
started active promotion of tl~e United Power Company Project
which plans ?ox an initial installation of 100,000 kilowatts of
generating, capacity ?to catex to Shanghai's urgent need.
Transportation
The prosperity o? a cosmopolitan city depends on transporta-
tion as xn.uch as it depends on power supply. The e_~pansion of
Shanghai's transportation facilities should be directed. to two ends.
The first is to be design and exearte a system of transportation .
which coordinates harbor, railways; and airways, thus providing
appropriate eoaaaaections ~vi~th other parts o? China and the world.
The second is the local transportation system., with the primary
aims of providing fast, efficient, and cheap cargo and passenger
transport services.
A correla~Yed .development o,f harbor and rail~l~ay transport
will save much of the port expenses now spent a.s handlua.g
charges, lighterage fares, and possibly demurrage expenses. Weis
Chao Pang of Woosun.g offers an excellent location far such a
setup. All goads' lnay be leaded or unloaded here, and the direct
access, if the dock system is adapted for, building the wharves,
ro freight trains will reduce the part expenditure to, a minimum.
The Shanghai Nanking. 12ail~vay Administration is now building
1800 feet o? faxed wharf in. Chang Chia Pang,, Waosung. This
is a good start and I hope it will he followed by many similar
schemes.
L.unghua Airport is at present the only field available to com-
mercial planes, with Ta-zing and Kiangavan Airfields sewing as
military fields. Hungjao Airport may be developed to be an
international airfield.
North Station is the center of railway passenger transport
now. It is hoped that in future a suitable location in Chapei
District may he selected for the construction of a Unien Statioal.
Cause Of Traffic CanQestivn
The causes of tta:ffic congestion of Shanghai are too com-
plicated to deal in any length here. However, it is plain that the
following axtust be taken to improve the traffic coaaditians of
Shanghai:-
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
(a.) to build more bridges to span the Sooc'how Creel: in
coordination with the arterial roads in Chapei to drain off the
through traffic.
(b) to increase the number of cheap and efficient coinlnon
carriers vehicles with the natural elimination of obsolete rickshas
and pedicabs.
(c) to unify traffic control. The synchronized traffic lights
will no doubt aid much iri easing the traffic flow in the central dis-
trict', Its installation will enable the mass trat:sFortation vehicles to
start an "Express Service" which. will be able to run say, frotxi
the Baud to St. Georges without stop.
There is at present an unbalanced state. of development of
the two banks of the Whangpoo River. Footling or. the other bank
of the River is relatively undeveloped, and land value is much
lower. Most godowns of the city are however, located in Poo-
tung, while the consuming inaxlcet is oxi this side of the River_
The importance of a cross river facility can not be overempha-
sized. There are three ways of spanning the ~Ilaangpvo River,
by means of bridge, tunnel, or efficient ferry service. Pending
large funds to build either of the first two, we can, for the tune
being, resort to thethird. For that purpose a vehicular ferry
service was installed since last October, ,affording much facility
Ito cargo transportatio~~, from one bank to the other.
In conclusion, I believe that with the general situation of
China improved, the successful consum.x~ation of the three will
undoubtedly bring much prosperity to Shanghai.
(China Daily "Tribune, January ~,5, 1945)
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5. TABLE SHOWING THE INDICE5 OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF UTILITIES OF SHANGHAI
Base : October, 7.945=7.00
~ R'r--ter
Elect rfcit~
~ Gar Tele-
Trar'
~ Trn/le~~
liar
P
TIi11L
Cm:-
~
~
i
Corr-
Can- pl~onc
Pc. r,
Pcrr-
.Pdr,r_
crr
i
Parr-
_~
:=
::i~t
m:
sxni~tion
rurrrptiar Crdk
c;coerr
crr~cn'
onGerr
.
ar{;?-crr
o~?, 19?5
~
' 1oo.D
1oD.D
1ao-o 1oo.D
1DO-o'
1Dn.D
1oD.D
1oo.D
Nov.
~
97.9
139.2
137.2 106.2
103,7
96-3
141.9
78.1
Dcc.
95.7
200.6
182.5 ;103.8
120 ?
175.3
2289
209.7
Jan., 1946
104.4
2515
1]]-6 108.4
50.7
75.7
221.7
250.5
Feb.
109.0
254.0
210.6 115.9
59.S
94..2
302 9
2193
Mardi ~
_
110.4
341.0
209.1 12G.4~
106.4
7.06.9
447-5
301.3
~flri7
11i.S
3SS-7
244.1 126.5
121.6
107.7
463.4
39$.5
May-
136.$
392.2
250.7 123.4
97.4
I 91.7
Y 361.4
381.1
J~nc
_
149.5
430.0
260.0 123.G~
111.:'
102.6
400.2
376.5
^
J?lY ?
1615
429.3
i
2462 124.2
1.3.9
I
102.0
548.6
391.8
.Aug. N.
191.0
I :I i i.1
259.8 124.2
123.9
105.6
641.0
442.1
Spec
193.5 485.5
246.7
128.5
11i3
102.1
860.9
Occ.
l i 4.1 ~ 513.7 ~
239.9
136.4
1215
129.1
1004.0
I~66.U
Nuv. ~,
1659 563.:
260.2
132.9
11C:.1
128.8
975.0
55^
9
Dec.
152.; ~ 556.0
~
284.(1
133,7
1'x3.0
112.6
102.0
.
i 456.4
Jnn? 1947
144.6
~ 546.7
2915
135-0
955
110.5
1103.2
475
9
Pr6.`
~ 146-9
591?
I 289.(1
129:
9C-6
111.7
1151.6
.
439.4
Mardi
144.6
(07.8
i 270.8
140,0
115.6
131.5
1432.9
582.6
?pril
167.2
627.1
i 303-1
190.0
118J~
136.2
1607.9
608.8--
Mai ~
175.6
627.3
293.4
149.1
722.9
144,3
17802
620
7
Jne ~
133.3
rv 634,5 ~~ 309.1
151.1
713.9
1302
1661.1
.
556.9
July
2045
C>29? 2932
7.49.5
96.7
95.5
1206.4
3915
Aire.
229.5 642.5 '~ 2v'1.U
137.9
93.7
S9.1
1250.8 _
371.2
Scpr.
230-4 6662 ~ 255.5
~
140.9 _
93.S ~
92.9
1-0~30-7
42=6.7
Ocr,
2145
I
GB?`-.5 264.0
1509
w 99.4 I
101.9
1516.2
=451
7
V
_
_
~
- -
l
.
c.v.
`~
159.1 ~
653.9
"`~
?acity has
been designed ~,nd put into opetatioin. This plant is being ex-
tended to 1,000,000 cu. ft. per day. The admission of controlled
quantities o? air into the base of the vertical retorts rau?~ed'
in a considerable increase in coal throughout anal gas production
from the installation and also resulted in improved operation of
the gas producers and increased yields of by-products .in spite
of the inferior quality o? coal available for carbonizing during
tl"ie year.
The capacity of the steam-raising equipment was increased to
meet requirexnezats by the installation of a sitx~ple oil-bring equir -
ment as a. auxiliary to solid fuel firing.
2. Distribution:
Bulk Supply of Gas to Nantao:
Arrangetxlents were made to extend the supply of gas to the
official residence o? the Bureau of Public Utilities in 11Tatatao, and
this supply was txiade available in ,~une 194$?
3. High Pressure Main Liuking Woosung Gas Works
High Pressure Distribution System and The
Shanghai Gas Company Distribution System:
T'he work of laying this znatn cotnmeneed early in ~uly 1948
and ?to date approximately 3,100 feet of main has been laid.
4. Employees Welfare:
Two clinics have Veen established for tl~e employees of the
Company, one at the Yangtzepoo Works and the other at the
Head Office with a stafF xn attendance, comprising a foreign
trained doctor and assistant with two qualified nurses. Employees
also have facilities for medical txeattnent by three recognized
native trained doctors of good standing.
i ~ J J
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 Approved For Release 2002/0729:CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
A special welfare allowance to workers in the ;form of addi-
tion to xhe basic wage to cover medical services for workers'
. families, works' co-operaxive society and schooliz-zg for employees
children was also granted.
5. Year 1949:
During 1949 it is proposed to reset 16 (sixteen vertical;
rexorts and 3 (three producer gas units.
It is also proposed to install an electrostatic detarrer which
should result in considerable economies in the cost of purifying
die gas.
6. p'uture Developmex-t of Gas Sales in Shanghai:
'The zxAaxim.ttzn total gas output recorded so far was 5,263,000
cu. ft, on December 20th, 1947.
Whezx adequate supplies of coal are again available iz~.
Shanghai, the exxension of the Gas Company gas znanufacxuring
plaz~~t with an installation of 30 vertical chamber ovens is projecx-
ed which will increase the cttal capacity of the planx to 8,000,000
cu. , xt. per day.
(3~)
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
3. REHABILITATION OF WOOSUNG GASWORKS _
1~4s
1. Coke Oven:-The Gasworks was previously in possession
of thirty coke ovens. There were, however, only fifteen which
were operable at the time 'of the "take-over" An additional five
were repaired, and added to service in the year 1946. Ten more
ovens were repaired at the begiz~iuing of 1947. The thirty ovens
went through a major overhaul which was completed at the end of
October 1947, and. axe now being operated day and night to pro-
duce gas.
Z. producer:-The original design of the Gasworks provided
two producers for five coke ovens. There were originally 12 pro-
ducers, of which. only 4 were left in normal conditiotz at the tune
of the "take-over." The 8 dilapidated ones were repaired toge-
ther with the coke ovens. Some improvements were made and
steam is adapted to inject air.
3. Sulfur purifier:-Tl~e original sulfur purifier l=ad ;:oo
small a capacity,. only supplying sufficient Yo purify 300,600 cubic
feet per day.. Due to the increase in productive capacity of gas
thew were built four new sets of sulfur purifier which would be
able. to purify 1,200y000 cubic feet of gas daily.
4. Mechanical producer,:-The Gasworks oz'iginall.y employ-
ed producers to heat u.p the coke ovens. This izxvolved zxiore
work azzd the hear produced was rather unsteady, After a Yhor-
ough investigation it was decided to install a .razerh,anical pro-
ducer to serve all the .coke ovens. The installation of the
mechanical producer may be completed before the end of this
year.
5. Coal elevator, Coal washing machine, and scrubber:-
The original coal elevator, coal washizxg machine and scrubbers
were all in a dilapidated state and have, since being taken over,
gone through major cleauling and repair. Anew coal elevator
was built Yo increase the efficienry of transporting, coal. Tl~e
scz'ubber is used ?o remove ammonia in the gas. .As the volume
of the old one is ratheY small a new ozze has been built.
6. Gas holder:-The old gas holder of the Gasworks has
only a capacity of 100,000 cubic feet and proves to be insuf~i-
cient for' storing the gas produced. At present the gas pro-
duced in ?the da~~ time has mainly beezz transmitted to Shang-
. hai consumers. The: volume of the holder zxiust be increased:
in future when more production is zxzade. .T.t is plan-ned to ozder
a 1,000,000 cubic feet gas holder from the States and to con-
struct high pressure mains to connect with the mains of the
( 3 5 )
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
Shanghai Gas Company so that gas produced durizxg night time
ma'y be stored therein.
7. 1Vlains:-The total length of high pressure mains possess-
ed by the Gasworks previously tvas 13,240 teeters and that of to ~r
pressure mains 11,$69 meters. The high pressure rrxains started
from the Gasworks and ended at Ou-yatxg Road. 12,000 meters
of high pressure rtzain is eo~v being laid startixzg frortz Ur-yang
Road. and ending at Tangku Road to coneect wuth the high pres-
sure main, of the Sharghai Gas Company.
$. Coznpxessor:-Goznpressor is an essential equiprnerat for
transmitting gas. There was only one coznpressor taken over,
which after being repaired was insufficient. IxL 1947 ozxe mare
uzxit was built. The present transmitting pressure is 4.5 pounds.
T'he pressure may be increased to 12 pounds when future expan-
sion of productiotx demands.
9. Artesian well:-The site of the Gasworks is at a consider-
able distance from the nearest water source- Water used by the
Gasworks has been obtaizxed from artesian wells. There was
originally one artesian well which after eight years of use had
its water source weakened. Zn June 1947 a rzew artesian well
was dLZg to supply 15,000 gallons of water per hour.
10. miscellaneous:-Other iznprovemezxts o~f equipments of
the Gasworks included tran.sportatiorA, coal conveying, electrical
generator, coal tar distillation, etc. Recezxtly, research work of
znanufactuxing ammonia sulphate oLlt of ammoxzia is being
cozxducted.
3 G ) .
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
4. IMP12OVEMENT OF GAS SUPPLY
Dr. T. C. Tsao, Cvznmissivner o, Public LJtiliti.es, yesterday
morning repotted tv the 19th Municipal Conference oz~ PU6's
efforts for improvement of the gas supply, the SMG, Press Bureau
reports.
Dr. Tsao stated that in pre-war days there were only a few
thousand gas consumers using about one and. a half million cubic
feet of gas daily.
At present there are zxao?re than twenty thousand. consumers
and the daily consumption lxas inczeased tv 4 million cubic feet.
Due to shortage of supply many new applications for gas connec-
:icn have to be rejected.
Flans To Incxease Supply
The Woosung Gasworks under PUS is nvw producizxg some
8'00,000 cubic feet of gas, its maximum capacity. The Gasworks
is :now ordering a new arttomatic.producer has plant frozxz U.5..A.
which when installed will boost the gas supply= to 1,200,000 cubic
feet. Higli pressure mains will be built to coordinates with the in-
stallation of the new plant.
The mains will be able to connect a-ith the high pressure
mains of. the Shanghai Gas Company. Surplus gas production
during the night can be sent to be stored. in the gas tank of the
S.G.C. in Sitzang' road. The plans have ben approved by the
Mayor and are being under active execution.
(China Daily Tribune, jtezze 5, L94$)
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
5. STATISTICS OF GAS SUPPLY
~ariuary, 1946---Septezxt,ber, ],948
Ccrsun j tiun
TINY
l~rorr rction
To1c!
Re,rt~le~rrtia!
vy Conrorerrie!
.Tn~crrrial
Tanuary-, 1946
108,416,048
88,556,651
70,919,500
17,636,551
I'chruxrv
108,020,000
97,336,185
79,158,803
13,1,77,382
March
135,666,976
96,635`iG3
76,123,462
20,512,300
April
123,034~,2G7
112,789,501
89,806,554
22,982,947
blay
~
129,825,034
.115,840,162
i
90,926,199
24,913,963
Jens
124,89),166
120,157,564
92,079,273
28,078,291
July-
121,764,703
115,362,200
88,926,277
26,435,923
Au;;usc
120,288,951
116,401,115
90,158,071
26,243,044
Suprcmbcr
~
11,6,840,141
115,394,853
86,684,374
28,710,479
Ocrohcr
130,285,028
117,210,226
85,326,419
31,883,807
Nnvcmhcr ~
~
'135,712,968
126,756,399
89,865,323 36,891,571
T]cccmhcx
! 153,318,172
131,068,476
94,592,492
36,475,984
January- 1947
144,493,646
135,791,132
100,183,630
35,608,512
hchruarv
139,131,000
13~6,992,50U
1.00,860,731
34,431,773
March
~
1.81,082,000
126,498,200
92,159,400.
34,338,800
April
145,955,000
141,301,600
106,634,249
~34,G47,351
Ma
143,222,000
136,279,100
102,133,4?U
34,145,830
Jung
143,612,000
142,773,800
108,547,870 y
34,225,930
July
132,545,900
134,051,300
103,309,720
3Q741,53p
Agu~sr
122,917,500
120,596.900
97,277,029
23,319,871
Sepremhcr~ ~
129,261,000
118,114,500
91,631,591
26,482,909
Ocwher 147,177.,400
~
121,891,740
90,079,167
31,901,573
Novemhar ~
149,635,560
135,191,920
9G,933,52n.
33,258,396
Dcccmhcr ~ :60,723,000
136,377,770
96,585,207
39,792,563
January 1948- i 153,530,000
139,741,420
104,982,023
34,759,397
Pcbruarv i 129,572,700
127,035,910
96,32;,405
30,508,505
March
142,883,000
117,966,390
82,592,654
35,373,736
April ~
130,568,100
124,865,070
85,124,673
39,740,397
D1-y ~
126,414,000
113,848,300
77,345,769
36,502,531
June
~~
119,663,800
114,395,700
76,196,669
38,199,031
July
132,888,460
109,031,350
74,90),919
34,121,431
AuGusr ~
112,900,500
106,616,550
77,145,497
29,6671,053
Septemhcr
116,468,400
108,210,750
75,980,780
32,229,970
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
PART V TRANSPORTATION
1. PROPOSAL p'OR ORGANIZING THE SHANGHAI
TRANSIT COMPANY, LIMITED
Proposed by S.M.G.. and passed in principle by the
City Council in its 7th Session,
September 14, 1948:
1. The Bureau of Public Utilities, carrying out the policy
of xhe Shanghai Municipal Government, has inaugurated a city
bus service since. V-J Day through the nnanagement, provision-
ally; by the Shanghai Transit Planning Board organized under
the Chairmanship of Commissioner T. C. Tsao (known herea?*_~:r
briefly as the Planning Board). During the 3 yeaxs of building
up the Bus Service, 3 hundred new buses have been purchased
and bodied, public transportation service on 15 xautes started,
with the result that the rough framework of a bus coax~pany has
been formed. Pot the purpose of further expansion and. to
arouse the interest of xhe public to invest in municipal recon-
struction, it is proposed that tl~e Shanghai Transit Compata.y be
incorporated and its shares open to sale ?to the public.
2. The capital of the Coixxpany shall be G.Y.~'10,000,000
divided into 1,000,000 slxares of G.Y.$10 each.
3. At the formal incorporation of the Co~tnpany, the Shang-
hai Municipal Governmex~t shall inves*. G.Y.~5,000,000 :or
500,Q00 shares. The orhex 500,000 shares will be sold to tlx;~
public through the City Bank and/or other authorized banks.
4. The present assets of the Planning Board, including
equipments and xxzaterials is worth over G.Y.$8,290,000 whereas
the liabilities of the Planning Board amounts toy G.Y.~250,000,
leaviig the net worth of the Planning Board to be G.~S'.$8,04.0,-
000 or around figure of G.Y.$8,000,000. The property avow
belongs to ?the Municipal Government and will be Bald to the haw
Company. Estimates of the property together with detail inven-
tories will be printed and may be read by future subscribers
through undexwri~ting banks in order to show its auxhenticity.
After the sale of the _500,000 shares, the Planning Board eau
receive G.Y.$5,000,000, 3 million of which will be returned to the
Municipal Treasury and xhe remaining two? million can be used
for expansion and ixxi.provement purposes of the new Compar._y.
(39)
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
5. To ?give protection and guarantee to the Company, a~l~e
Municipal Government shall grant it monopoly of services with.
a franchise signed by both parties.
G. The organization o? the Company and the issuance of
slxares' will be made according to the relevant laws. The follow-
ing are draft measures:.
(1) T'he Mayor, the Secretary General, and the Commis-
sioner of Public Utilities of the Shanghai Municipal Government,
the Chairman of the City Council, the Chairman o? tl'ie ChatnUer
of Commerce, and the Ghairtnan of the Bank's Association, etc.
shall be sponsors of the Company responsible for writing down
the regulations of the Company and tlxe regulations of the issuar_ce
a? shares.
(?) ~Uith the eaceptian of the Mayor, tkxe S'er_retary Ge,-x-
era1, and. the C'oxnmissioner of .l7ublic Utilities who are repre-
sentatives of the Municipal Government, all the other sponsors
will be requested. to purchase one share each, out of the 700,000
shares held by the Municipal Government. Those share_ sold to
the sponsors may be recalled by the Municipal Gvvermtie:xt at
any time; if necessary.
(3) The sponsors shall, according to Article 1.33 0? the Com-
pany l,a~.v, apply ?or registration to the Ministry of Industry and
C'ommerce_
(4) After the receipt of the Ministry's official approval the
City Bank and, other banks shall openly advertise far sub-
scribers.
(5) After the. full amount has been, collected, an inaugura-
tion meeting, shall be conducted and according to the regulations
of the Company election a? directors and supervisors shall b~
trade.
(6) The Municipal Government shall by virtue of its vos-
session or 500,000 shares appoint half o? the total number of
directors and supervisors while the other half shall be elected
from the other shareholders.
~') The evaluatiaxx 'of the properties a? the. existing bus
.service under the auspiees of the Planning Board has to be
made by a joint committee consisting of repxesenta?tives of the
City Council, the Auditing Department, ?th.e Municipal Govern-
ment, the 'Bureau of Public Utilities, and the Accouxxtants' Assa-
ciation Together with 4 other technical experts.
Attached: Brief estianate:
~ ~0 )
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-00926A005700100001-9
Estimated Worth Percentage 12emarks
(in gold Yuan)
T and
519,640.00
6.26%
Buildings
981,846.60
11.83 ~/~
Bus and equiipment
4,982,135.66
60.03?h
Shap equipment
89,283.84
1.08010
Tnnls _
27,127.75
0.33?i~
Furni~tuxe and
miscellaneous
189,806.17
2.29?l0
1`Iaterials
1,223,562.24
14.74%
Fuel
286,161.07
3.44`0
As the Transit Co. has. only been passed in prizicipal, the
drafted franchise is withheld ?rom publication.
~1 ~}
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 Approved For Release 2002/07/29 :CIA-RDP80-0092614005700100001-9
$etween twenty to thirty buses are lying, idle i.n the repair
shops of the Shanghai City Bus Company awaiting xeplacetxaents
Fox worn-out'. gears and other vital parts, Commissioner T- C. Tsao
of the Public Utilities Bureau told the "North-China Daily
News" yesterday.
This is one of the causes of the overcrowding on the city
buses on every route, he pointed out. An iinpxoveznent is
is expected within three weeks' time.
Comtn.issioz~er Tsao revealed that tlxere was a temporary
shortage of gears and other vital parts to replace; those which
have worn out. The bus company has ordered about Five dozen
gears from the United States but the shipping, strike there has
delayed delivery.
In the ineanti;nne efforts are being made to cast and x~a.anu-
facture the gears locally. These are expected to be ready within
the next three weeks and to enable the idle btXSes to be put back
into service.
The Comn~issi.oner told. the "N.C.D.I~T." reporter of the
"preventive maintenance" system, at present in use by the Shang-
hai City B'us Company.
When a bus has run, for 2,400 kilometres i~t is subjected to
an inspection which includes, among ocher minor jobs, checking
of lubrication, tightening of screws and changing of anti-freeze
solution (in winter). At 12,000 kilometres there are replace-
ments of minor ports, witl-; special attention paid to clutch facings
and brake linings. At 36,000 kilometres engines are checked and
piston zings changed. At 72,000 kilometres the bus und:.rgoes a
general overhaul at the repair shops where repairs of wooden or
aluminium bodies are carried out, cylinders re-bored and the
chassis inspected For any signs of strain.
Doubled Life
This system, Cosnm.issioner Tsao pointed o?ut, has been Found
to double the life of the city company's Dodge-built buses.
He added that ten out of the 300 buses in Shanghai have
been scrapped For spare parts to be "cannibalized" by those i.zi.
operation on. the road.
Comtxaissioner Tsaa also revealed that "plus-gas" is being
used by the Iocal buses. This is a crystallized chemical cotx~,-
pound, composed of hydrogen carbons which, when put in the
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intake mixer, enables the bus engine to, idle'.at red-light stops at
a speed of 300 r.p.m. ins~teaa of the usual 600 r.p.m.
Petrol Saving
Tb.e use of "plus-gas," in the buses, he revealed, has resulted
in a' saving in petrol of from 10 to 15 per cent by th.e Shanghai
Ciry Bus Company_
The Commissioner said that the city authorities was hoping
to introduce "plus-gas," which has been imported fronn England,
to s*rall cars here. Zt is now being produced locally by the Cen-
tral Chemical. Works, under the auspices o? the National
Resources Commission, who expect to turn ou.t lOL' kilograms of
this chemical compound per month.
``It costs about 20 to~ 30 per cent the price of gasoline,"
Commissioner Tsao said, "and by its use we ate saving some for-
eign exchange too:'
(North China Daily News, November 12, 194$)
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3. TRAFFIC LIGHT IMPROVEMENTS AND
SAFETY FIRST WEEK
During prewar days when traffic conditions in Shanghai
were fairly normal, there were only a limited nttmb~r of trafFc
lights, installed by the ex-International Settlement, the ex-French
Concession, and the 1~Iunicipal Government. The 3 separate poli-
tical units were respoiasible for the maintezzaz-ice and iixzpxovemer_t
and additional installation o? traffic lights in their uidividual
administrative areas. Since the rendition of the Settlezrzent and
the Concession after V.J. Dav, the Bureau of Public Utilities
assumes sole charge of the traffic lights of Slxangh,ai. Two guid-
ing principles of the Bureau's work regardizag traffic lights are,
first, to increase the quantity of traffic lights azid, second, to im-
prove their quality.
(1) Quantity: The local population increased from three
million at the time. of the "take-over" to five and half million
no-w and the number of vehicles increased from 151,998 to 33?,-
734. The consequence is that trafh.c becomes extremely congested,
making it much more difficult for the. police to direct. T'o im-
prove traffic conditions anal. to alleviate congestion, the Bureau h:,~s
installed, kp to the end. of August 1948, 50 new sets of traffic
lights.
(21 t'~uality: The traffic Lights formerly i.~stalled in
Shanghai have only. two lights, red Iight and green light, operated
by mar... Dimensions of the covering glasses were respectively 6
inches, 8 inches, azad 10 inches. After careful studies of the
Bureau, it is decided that all the new traffic lights shall have 8-
inclz covering glasses and tl~e lights with Crinoh and 10-iiich cover-
ing glasses shall be gradually abolished. There are in addition
two ne~v eouipments which are briefly described as follows:
F'_. Automatic synchronized traffic Light: T'he Bureau has
purchased froze abroad a set of automatic sy.nchrozzized trafltit
lights with red, green and yella~w lights, which were delivered in
summer o F this year. They axe originally intended ro be installed
alarzg Nanking Road (Eastern.) and Chung Cheng Road. (ir'astern).
But due to the wide diversity in traffic density and the cozasider.-
able di:9??ierence in the distances between street crossings within
*_he l`?ankin~ Road (Eastern) district, the lights originally izitend-
ed for installation there were u-istalled in Nanking Road (~Xjest-
err_). ~Xiork Isere is divided in, two stages. The first stage in-
stallation is made at the section from Tihwa Road (I`Torthernl to
Shensi Road (Northerzz) and proves to'be quite efl~ecrive. Vehicles
passing throu;h that section withixx the city speed limit can pass
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without being'stopped by red light if they see a greezz light'at
the beginnin?q of the section. In the second stage, installation cf
thy automatic lights will be znadc for a section of l~Tanking SZoad
(Western.) froztz Chung Chung Road (Northern Z) ~`i~laangpoo
Road (Northern). As mentioned before the autocratic lights
compose of three lights, red, green and yellow. All axo familiar
with tlae meaning o the red and green lights. A little explana-
tion may be necessazy for the yellow lights. ~;~I-en gel-iicles or
ped.estraans have, before seeing the yeilo~v ligh?, already passed
the white lines marked at the street intersections.. ti~.ey should
proceed quickly tkzrough the intersection. When before crossing
the white lines the vehicles ar pedestrians see a yeliov~ light o~~,
they must stop immediately. For the set of automatic tr.afFic
lights installed in Natzking Road (Western), a rycle takes 40
seconds, with ZO-second. interval for the green light, 5-second
interval For the yellow light and 15-second interval for the red
light, there being no yellow ligl-zt when the traffic light chaz~ges
from red to green.
'B. Electric Bells: Electric bells :vere installed at fifteen
important street crossings to facilitate the direction of traf'nc.
Vehicles and pedestrians passing through the intersections can not
fail to bear the sound of electric bells which announce shifts of
the traffic lights. The installation of the electric bells produces
very good results and whezz the TvIunicipal Treasury permits, more
electric bells will be installed.
Statistics Showing The Installation ? of Txaffic bights
]District
194
1946
1.947
1948
V~'hangpoo North
61
79
$7
91
Whazxgpoo South
49
49
52
51
Wu Pai
-
1
9
9
W a Nan
-
5
5
7
Ivlunicipal Center
-
-
-
1
Total _
110
134
153
lb?
Percentage of Increase
over 1945 _
0
21.7
39.1
45.5
Remarks: There are now 19 sets of autotzzatic traffic lights
in the Northern Wl~angpoo Districts.
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4. THE 1~OR7C OF SHAI~IGHAI .AND ITS FERRIES
The role of .modern ferries, that might be called upon to
perform in the ecanomi.c operation of the part, in alleviating
street arzd river traffic cozzgestion and in setting up a rJa~ttern for
tkze Future development of the metropolis, is often overlooked
and uziderestiznated.
They ane treated as a shipping concern by many; and con-
sidered obsolete, inadequate and mediocre as a zxzean for public
transportation across the Wha.ngpoo by others. It is true that a
Ferry service of low standard, efficiency and tra.fhc rapacity lzas
little economic value and xherefore no place in the transportation
of tomorrow. Tt is also true that the existing municipal ferries
are far from beu-zg adequate and mo[letn. Nevertheless, reason-
able standard, efficienry and traffic capacity can be achieved
through sound engineeru-~g planning and sensible zYzanage-
rzzent, especially terminal traffic planning and management,
and existing backwardtzess of thezxz should not be construed as a
death sentence for tlxeir Future possibilities; if pro-per efforts be
directed for their improvements. 1VIodern ferries are performizzg
splendid services in various zxzetropolises and more ferries, of
znoderzx design and construction, are being built For the future
abroad.
The 'Bureau of PLiblic Utilities, since starting functioa-zing in
September 1945, has considered the port's intr'a public transpo~-ta-
tion problem from azi over-all, standpoint and. on a city-wide basis.
The ultimate transit systeaxz izi Shazaghai shall be a cozxzposire
wkzole consisting o? surface lines---motor buses, trolleys and trams
=on the land and ferries across the river. Tlae ferries, both
passenger and vehicular, will be constructed a~t twenty crossings
spaced at Z kms. on the average and they shall sercre as .links
between surface transit lines ozz both sides of the river, so that
the flow of passengers and vehicles may be continuous ar_d not
interrupted by the gap o? water. Such an arrangement, wla.en
successfully carried out, will avoid traffic bottlenecks and should
afford much convenience to the public in crossing the river.
bast Works
During the first two years of the administratiozx, it is gratify-
ing to say that the war battered ferry facilities have been largely
rebuilt or repaired, making possible the five :ferry services naw
in operation for passetzgers. In the meantime, the administration
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also feels fortunate it-t overcoming odds and difficulties to put the
first vehicular ferry of the port, located at Z_ohkapang Road,
Nantaa, to serve the public.
A~~ average of 50,000 people and 100 trucks at1:1 otb.er
vehicles are being served daily at present.
Passenger and Vehicular .Projects
It should be admitted that the existing municipal Ferries are
low in standard, meagre iz~ Facilities and cramped in space. How-
ever, plans have been worked out for; 1. a modern passenger
ferry (`Downtown') service betweext the $und. in Shanghai and
Poorung Point across the river; 2. Vehicular and passenger se_-
vice between Lay Road in Shanghai :end Hvlt's Wharf in
Pootung.
The `Dvw~ttown' shuttle service fer passengers will ultimately
have one elaborate terminal at each end inrorporating a bus and
vehicle terminal, a concoursey shops, public utilities, radar, radio
telephones and other features, c'onstitutit:g the last word. in com-
muting service. This shuttle service, when materialized; will rts-
sure and expedite cozxtmunity development in Pootung besides
saving thousands of people their countless Izours wasted daily in
commuting between homes and offices.
At Lay Road, shuttle service Far passengers and crehi.cles will
be provided side by side ultimately. The plan provides for pas-
sengers terminal facilities and bus and vehicle plazas For the
service of passengers. The through vehicular traffic, which 'is
planned to be segregated, in the terminal areas, From local traffic,
passenger or vehicular, will be an important move to rationalize
the cargo movement of the port and thereby to rejuvenate the
stifled wharves in Pootung from their preseizt plight.
Xn both projects, water. and street traztspoa-ta.tion will be
closely linked; terminal traffic has received utmost attention; and
the schemes, co~ixtprehensive as they are, will permit progressive
development to suit traffic demand as well as fmaricial resources.
i ~~
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5. THE NANTAO VEHICULAR FERRY SERVICE
SLOWLY BUILDII~TG UP
I'acili*_.ies fvr cross-river vehicular traffic in this port was not
available until O'ctobet 10, 1.947 ~vhen the Nantao? Vehicular
Ferry linking Nanmatao in,' Pootung anal Lohkapang ii`oad in
Shanghai was successfully tried out and about one month later,
opened to traffic. It is opportune here to. point out, that this
~>ehieular service although zx~uch below expectations in vehicular
traffic thLis fax due largely to~ th.e lack of roads in Pootung, has
already demonstrated its pioneering influence in port develop-
ment, as displayed by the gtoCVing number of significant industxial
installations and sire procurezxnents and the general appreciation
of land values there.
The location, which, encountered protracted alifficulties, was
the only passible alternative and was decided upon after long
and serious considezations. The balance sheet o? advantages aazd
disadvaa,~tage are the kollowing. On the advaa-~?tages side. 1
absence of expensive ox permanent structures and presence of
cheap trades using the sites; 2, straight stretch of river channel;
i. fairly direct 1,b00' crossing; 4. important wharf properties
in the terminal vacinity at Pootung.; 5. Proximity of Pootung
terminal to the Pootung Highway and the cotnpar'ative simplicity
in the building, o? ?the approach road; 6. important roads-the
Lohkapang Road to Sicawei and tl~e Wai-ina-lu to "downtown"
-leading to the Shanghai terminal. On tlae negative side: 1.
share space at either' end being to o? cramped to pertnit a good
vehicle plaza; 2. "l;nd-on" berthing, the most efficient a.rrange-
~nezxt, being impossible at the sites; 3. space between the noxinal
Tines and the shore line being tva cramped to per;nit liberal
construction
Under a set of rare and exacting. conditions, unique engi-
neering, peculiar. to this particular projzct, :vas worked ar?t. The
vehicle, in crossing the river bonding line, goes through a 90-
degree curved R.C. trestle ramp to a 60-ft. steel-trussed floating
ramp, then boards the car-float or ferry at its bow or stern and
then lands at the jetty on the opposite share through the other,
end of the ferry. The curved roadway has an outer radius of
40 ft., and a width o? 12 %z ft. and is super-elevated. The de-
sign loads, being 15 tons and 10 toaXS for the fixed and movable
structures respectively, will ultimately permit 20-ton vehicles o?
28-ft. length or less to pass with safety.
TIze floating ramp is supported at one end on seats over R.C.
piers and at near the other end by the hollow legs of an. U-
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shaped pontoon, whose main body is submerged. This enables
rite floating ramp to rise and fall with the tide ranging 8 feet
daily, while hoisting device is provided by an over-head frame
and a small laazadwinch to adjust the floating end. of the ramp
which should rest securely on the seat at either end of the car-
float for moving traffic.
1=or expedienry, two cor_verted LGTs each carrying 8 tr-ticks
or 14 cars are being used. Their berthing and mooring along-
shome is facilitated by 60' x 5' x 5' mooring pontoon, secured in
_ position by dolphin piles at irs ends and shore-side.
Underlying principles in the planning of this project are:
1. eCottomy in construction and operation; 2. simplicity, safety
azzd speediness in berthing; 3. speediness in embarkation and
disembarkation of vehicles; 4. orderliness and efficiency of traffic
in terminal areas and adjacent streets. Traffic signs and signals,
night illumizzation, filling stations, and various. utilities as called
for in the original plans ~vill not be executed probabTv until a
later date together with important structural improvezxients now
in abeyance. Naturally tlae efCac'iency, service and stazzda.rd are
not what teas expected ultimately. Th.e wharves azad godowns in
the Pootung vicinity due to inaccessibility of roads failed to pro-
vide any traffic which is disappointing. ]Experience in operation
also proved that "along-side" berthing is least desirable far the
local ferries-
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G. THE YANG'I`SZEPOO VEHICULAR & PASSENGER
FERRY PROJECTS
Summary of Report
Civil 'Eztgineex & Architect
August, 194$.
It is stipulated in the Franchise Agreement between the
Shanghai Nlunicipa.l Government and the Shanghai City Ferry C;a.
that the latter shall undertake the construct a velxic'ular ferry a~t
Lay Road in 1947 and a passenger ferry at 1Vling Seng Road in
A948. In pursuant o? this stipulation the vrriter is privileged to
xixalce a first hand study of the feasibility and advisability from
the economic, traffic and engineering angles.
These proposed services, having their locations 'idezxtical-
be~tween Lay Road in Shanghai and Nirzg Seng 12oad (Holt's
Wharf) in Pootung-must be treated togeher in the entirety.
The Project, when materialized, will provide a transportation
link across the Whazxgpoo of unsurpassed importance; will
rejuvenate the wharves and godowns izx 1?ootung, whose enormous
investments of over 100 zzzillion dollars (U.S.) axe now at stake,
due to lack of cross-river transportation, to their proper place,
utility, and value in port operation; will set the patterza for the
port's future growth and decentralization and give impetus to
e~:pedite the development of pootung; and will appreciably
improve the down,-tci~.-n street traffic.
As an investment, the project is self-liquidating and will
give steady and attractive returns comparable to that of any
utility.
T'he sites offer unusual opportunity for Constru[tion of
small-scale buy: modern and efFzcient ferry services, using `double-
headers' and closely linked with bus services at both ends.
The vehicular service which is an urgent demand by wharf and
gvdown owners and shipping cotxz.panies will foam the first stage
of the development, taking about 9 mozidls. The facilities for
passenger service including the boarc, the tetzninals and vehicle
plazas will form, the second stage of the development,. and
will take a year. The progressive investment should facilitate
financing.
( 50 )
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Fir the first few years of operation, one car-float and one
doublesdeck passenger boat will probably suffice and or. this
basis, the net return on capital investment will be:
Vehicular traffic
Passenger traffic
8.11 %a
],2.28 %~
Ultinxately, 3 car-floats and 3 passenger boats can be operated.
with a capacity of 1,500 to-tors trucks in a day of 14 hrs. and
120,000 people in an 18-hr. day, thus the working prof}t will be
greatly augmented.
The capital expenditure has been estimated as follows:
1st stage-Vehicular Ferry
Lay Road Landing .. G.Y.$380,000.-
1VIing Seng Road Landing .. 187,500 -
1 Car-float (double-header)
110'-0" L. x 30' x T-0" D.
Working Capital $0,000.-
.. G.Y.$967,500.-
2nd stage-Passenger Ferry
Lay Rvad terminal G.Y.$1,315,000_----
Ming Seng Road Tezininal .. 1,08'5,000.---
1 Ferry boat-450 passengers
(2-decks & "double-reader") 300,000.-
Working Capiral .. .. .. 200,000.-
Total G.Y.$2,900,000.-
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THIS AGREENTENT is znad.e and entered izzty at Shanghai,
China, this ...... day of ..........194.... by and between. the
Shanghai .MMunicipal Government (hereinafter designated as the
"Mzinici,pal Government") of one part and the Ciry Ferry
Company, Limited (hereinafter desigttated as the "Company")
of xhe oxher parr WHEREAS to balance the development of the
two banks of the Whangpoo River the ?Municipal Government
sponsors the organization o? the City Ferry Company, Limited,
and Whereas the Company is granxed sole rights by the Municipal
Government to operate ferry service within the Municipality of
Shanghai.
NOW, THEREFORE., ?or and in consideration e? the mtixual
covenants and. agreements on the part of th.e parties hereto Yo be
kept and performed as hereinafter set forth, TTr.S HEREBY
AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION Z FRANCHISE AREA:-All distrir_ts .tnder xhe juris-
diction of the Municipal Governznsnt.
SECTION TT INVESTIMENT OF THE ]MUNICIPAL
GOVERNIMENT_ The :ferry boats, urharves, equipmenxs and
installations, etc. of the former Municipal Ferry Service shall
after proper evaluation be considered as the investment of the
1Muni.cipal Government in the Company.
SECTION Il"T O'PERATIO~N RIGHTS:-T'he Muuic'ipal
Governznezxt grants sole rights to the Co~szpany to operate ferry
services on xhe waterways within the Municipality to carry passen-
gers with or without hand baggages and vehicles with or without
cargoes loaded. This Agreement shall be effective for a term
of Thirty (30) Years from and after the final dare of the signing
of this Agreement by the lMunicipal Gvvertamezxt and the Com-
pany. The Municipal Governzxzent agrees not to grant the right
herein stated to any third party, which however, shall not be
considered to inr_lude the following:--
A. Lighterage anal handling of cargoes on the waterways
of the IV~unicipaliry.
B. Ferries operated by individuals, bodies or plants ?or
their private uses. Also ferries nox on regular
operation for the carrying of passengers and or vehicles
for the public.
C. Timber man-powered ferry boats or yachts, without
definixe azxd fixed operation lines.
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D. Routes which the Company is at present unable to
immediately establish and which the Municipal Gavera-i-
ment may therefore permit, far period or successive
periods each of less than one year ni duration tl~,e
setting up of other temporary ferry services. In the
event ~tlaat the Company wishes to operate any of the
aforesaid, routes, it slxall apply to the Municipal
Government before the expiration of the term granted,
to the .respective temporary service and. shall im
augurate services immediately upon the suspension of
operation of the concerned temporary service.
E. Other Iong distance ferries from. nearby cities ter-
minating within the Municipality or from the
IVIuniripality to tl'ie nearby cities with not more ;.ban one
stop within the Municipality.
SECTION IV OPERATION ROUTES:-
A. The Municipal Government grants permission to the
Company to first resume operations on the follotiring
routes operated by the former Municipal l~'erty Service:
1. 17eking Road Bound to Woosung vi.a Situ, Chinning-
tse, TungIcau, Kaochiao, etc.
2. Tungmen Road to Tungchang Road.
3. Tungkadoo to Tangc~hiao . (shall be equipped far the
carrying of passenger cars.)
4.. Chinwa,+-igtao Road to Chicho.ngsang.
5. Tinghaichiao to Ghinningtse.
Services on tl~e above lines shall be resumed within
six months of tlxe date of the signing of the Agreetent.
B. The Company shall at .the time of the signing of this
Agreement submit a preliminary five-year plan wlxich
w-hen approved by the Municipal Government shall be
carried our in stages. The Company sl-ia11 place
initial emphasis on the planning and inauguration of
service on one passenger. line and one truck ferry
line, which shall be open to public use within one
year and two years respectively after having acquired
the right to the use of the necessary wharf, shore line
and land, all to be with the cooperation of the
Municipal Government.
C. In the interest of the public, the Municipal Government
may negotiate with the Company to alter or add to the
existing lines and to increase the number of ferry boats.
(53)
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Unless for special and valid reasons the Cotnpaz~y may
not refuse to make such alterations and% or additions.
In the event tha~r the company should desire alterations
or addition to the routes fox business or operation reasons,
it shall apply to the Municipal Government for approval.
D. The Company shall nvt raise any objectiorz when the
Municipal Government shall in future construct a. tunnal
or bridge to span the Whangpoo River.
SECTION V 5ERVIC'E.-wring the efl:ecrive tertxz this Agree-
rzent the Company shall talaizxtaizx a service of high ef5.ciency with
adequate and up-to-date equipments to the satisfaction of tl"ie
public.
The schedules of the various lines shall be submitted. to com-
petent authorities under the Municipal Government fcr approval.
When the operation of the Company shall have itnl.~roved in the
future, the Municipal Government txxay instruct the Company to
further lift the standard of service which the Company shall not
refuse to comply without valid reasons.
SECTION VI EQUIPMENTS:-The Company's ferry boats,
wl-ta;.