REPRESSION BY THE SOVIETS AND THEIR ALLIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86M00886R001000030009-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 24, 2008
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: February 14, 1984
• Content Type: MEMO

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J rector of Central Intelligence
DDI #01011-84/1
14 February 1984
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence
Deput Di
Deputy Director for Intelligence
/ ECT Repression b y the Soviets and Their Allies (S)
1. I have attached a draft outline for the study you
requested on what we know about re res
surrogates. It was prepared by the USSR and its
I
nter tional Security Issues Di
f the
v s on with hel
of the Instability and Insurgency C p from
enter. The
approach would provide the read
p
p
d
er with a detailed look
at
the
means and effectiveness of Soviet-style repression by specific cases that illustrate both the techniques andetheining
purposes that lie behind them
.
2. Such a study would require the reallocation of analysts
from other tasks. We could assign the paper who, with help from SOVA and regional offices, couldnpullt in OGI
together a paper on the subject by pull
a significant dela early summer. This would mean
y, however, for a paper in the Researc
Sov et use an enetrat
on of med a a Plan
on
the paper on Soviet media use will contrib
to de
l
e
w
ve
ute
more to our effort
op a good research base on Com
u
munist Act
a paper on techniques of repression. than
3. I propose that we begin research on this
but put off the major analytical and drafting effortountilnafter
the Soviet media project is complete. This option would give us
and the regional offices more time to do the basic research
required for such a r ect, and allow us to wra
media project. P up the Soviet
Attachment:
As Stated
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? r'%' n '1 ( EXEC
Cl By Siener
SECRET
2 MpR 1994
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SECRET
DDI #01011-84/1
14 February 1984
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
FROM Deputy Director for Intelligence
ECT Repression by the Soviets and Their Allies (S)
1. I have attached a draft outline for the study you
requested on what we know about repreanion b- the USSR and its
surrogates. It was prepared by of the 25X1
International Security Issues D v s on with help from 25X1
f the Instability and Insurgency Center. The proposed 25X1
approach would provide the reader with a detailed look at the
means and effectiveness of Soviet-style repression by examining
specific cases that illustrate both the technic s and the
purposes that lie behind them.[ U7 25X1
2. Such a study would require the reallocation of analysts
from other tasks. We could assign the paper to an analyst in OGI
who, with help from SOVA and regional offices, could pull
together a paper on the subject by early summer. This would mean
a significant delay, however, for a a er in the Researc Plan on
Soviet use an penetration of media a ound the world.---in my v e
the paper on Soviet media use will contribute more to our effort
to develop a good research base on Communist Activities than
would a paper on techniques of repression
3. I propose that we begin research-on this project now,
but put off the major analytical and drafting effort until after
the Soviet media project is complete. This option would give us
and the regional offices more time to do the basic research
required for such a project, and allow us to wrap up the Soviet
Attachment:
As Stated
SECRET Cl By Signer
DECL OADR
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/25: CIA-RDP86M00886RO01000030009-2
SECRET
DDI #01011-84/1, dated 14 February 1984
SUBJECT: "Repression by the Soviets and Their Allies
s~ W .4 Casey
Director o entra Inte gence
8 MAR 1981
2
SECRET
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 Approved For Release 2008/09/25: CIA-RDP86M00886R001000030009-2
DDI #01011-84/1, dated 14 February 1984
SUBJECT: Repression by the Soviets and Their Allies
Orig - DCI
1 - DDCI
1 - ExReg
1 - DDI
1 - DDI Reg
1 - D/OGI
Retyped in 0/DDI/GATES:de/14Feb84/
SECRET
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I. Introduction
The Soviet Union and other Communist states use a wide array of
techniques to gain and hold control over their peoples. These methods
range from rewarding the select few who share the goals and aspirations
of the leadership to using massive violence to suppress dissidence and
deviation from the norms established by the leadership. What makes
these techniques effective is their interaction, so that virtually every
aspect of society is dominated and subjugated by the ruling party.
Specific tactics used include:
o Control over individual rights.of speech, assembly and
movement.
o Control over all political activity.
o Insinuation of Party activities into non-political aspects
of life.
o Control of the media and extensive internal propaganda
apparatus.
o Control over educational, cultural and popular institutions.
o Control over the means of production, and the right to
trade. ? '
o Development of a pervasive state police system.
o Use of coercion to extract cooperation or acquiescence.
These techniques are not unique to the Soviets and their friends;
most are classic methods commonly used boj all totalitarian
dictatorships. Their use varies with who is in power, the geopolitical
context, the political, cultural and historical circumstances, and the
immediate purposes attendant to the use of the tactic. The purpose of
this study is to examine the use of these techniques by the Soviet Union
and other states under Moscow's influence to repress, subjugate and
control people under their dominion. It also examines the use of these
actions to support, encourage, and establish insurgencies and
revolutionary governments in the Third World. Finally the study
assesses the employment of these techniques to suppress anti-communist
insurgencies and movements.
II. The USSR: A State Policy of Control
III. Other Communist Models
a. Eastern Europe
b. Cuba
c. Vietnam
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IV. The Many Uses of Coercion
a. Gaining Power
El Salvador
ANC '
Philippines
b. Consolidating Power
Angola
Nicaragua
Ethiopia
PDRY
c. Countering Urban Rebellion
USSR
GDR
Poland
d. Countering Insurgencies
Afghanistan
Angola
Nicaragua
e. Supressing Regime Deviation
i. Successes
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
ii. Failures
.Yugoslavia 1948
Poland 1956
Romania 1960s
V. Conclusions
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EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
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rurc v,
THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
Senior Review Panel
Executive Registry
84- S65
12 January 1984
MEMORANDUM FOR CHAIRMAN, NIC
SUBJECT: Afghanistan:
Medecins sans Frontieres
1. Attached are two copies of Dr. Malurec's
speech on Afghanistan, as given at the Harvard Faculty
Club on 17 October
our meeting with the DCI today. I referred to
2. It seems to me a remarkable and an
statement. Would you have one copy forwarded
3. Thank you.
Attachment
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
STAT
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 The Heritage Foundation 214 Massachusetts Avenue N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002 [phone]
September 30, 1983
INSIDE COMMUNIST NICARAGUA:
THE MIGUEL BOLANOS TRANSCRIPTS
INTRODUCTION
In July 1979, a coalition spearheaded by the Sandinista
National Liberation Front (FSLN) overthrew the government of
Anastasio Somoza in Nicaragua. Sandinista promises of progressive
resupport from
as corruptenthusiastic
those reforms and '~s sremet gimewith
pressive.
twho viewed Somoza
Among those early revolutionaries was 20-year-old Miguel
Bolanos Hunter. Bolanos joined the Sandinista State Security
apparatus and rapidly rose through the ranks to become a counter-
intelligence officer in section F-2--the second highest level of
the organization. The higher Bolanos rose, however, the more
disillusioned he became.
t the Sandinistas' promises were
h
a
He soon discovered t
empty. In fact, they had a hidden agenda--to establish a Marxist
state in Nicaragua and to export revolution to the other nations
of the hemisphere. To meet their goals, the Sandinistas created
a regime more repressive than Somoza's, controlling virtually
every aspect of life in Nicaragua. With the support of Cuba and
the Soviet.Union, Nicaragua has become the centerpiece of the
communist plan to undermine Latin America and the- main channel
for arms and guerrillas to communist insurgents in Honduras,.
Costa Rica, and El Salvador.
On May 7, 1983, Bolanos commandeered a private airplane and
escaped to Costa Rica.- Because his mother is an American citizen,
he was able to enter the United States. He has since provided
and
American authorities with
on
information
The unedited excerpts that follow are taken from a series of
interviews with Bolanos conducted by Heritage Policy Analyst
Note: Nnthinri written here is to be construed as n ecessarilY reflecting the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an
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