HYDRO-TECHNICAL CONSTRUCTION IN COMMUNIST CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80T00246A034000060001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 44
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 18, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: April 17, 1957
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246A034000060001-7
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United states within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Sees. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
SUBJECT Hydro-Technical Construction in
Communist China
DATE DISTR. 17 April 1957 25X1
NO. PAGES 1
REQUIREMENT
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE &
DATE ACQ.
2
25X1
00~
A Russian-language copy of Hydro-Technical Construction in Communist a;
a 40-page pamphlet published in Moscow, 12 November 1956, Znanie edition,
by S. A. Shashkov, The pamphlet is not 25X1
classified when separated from this report.
ENCLOSURE
A
PL E!"
TTACHED
C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T-I-A-L
STATE I X ARMY X NAVY I X AIR
FBI
CINCPAC#
(Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
AEC
1 11 11 122100_1 affe-3-66M
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246A034000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
BCECOI03HOE OBIUECTBO
IIO PACAPOCTPAHEHRIO
IIOAHTUVECKHX Ti HAY1HbIX
3HAWK A
KAHANRAT TEXHH4ECKHX HAYK
C. A. WAWKOB
CepHa IV
Ns' 33
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 tized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
BCECOI03HOE OBLIIECTBO
110 PACUIPOCTPAHEHHIO IIOJ1I4TI'I-IECKFIX H HAY4HbIX 3HAHI'II
KaHAHAaT TeXHH9eCKHX HAYK
C. A. WAWKOB
rH,aPOTEXHH4ECKOE
CTPOHTEJIbCTE3O
B HAPOIUHOM KHTAE
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
COAEP)KAHHE
CTp.
HexoTopbie cBeaeHHA o pexax KHTaA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Hcnonb3oBaHHe BouHwx pecypcoB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CTpOHTenbCTBO nopTOB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
YJIy4WeHHe ycnoBH6 cyaoxoaclBa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
^^^^""'^^* K 4HTATEJISIM
H3aaTe.abcTBO > Bcecoto3Horo o61ueCTBa
no paCnpOCTpaHeHHlo nOJHTII4eCKHX H Hay4HbIX
3HaHHN npOCHT npHCwnaTb OT3bIBhI 06 9T06 6powiope
no aapecy: MOCxoa, HoBao nnoLuanb, a. 3/4.
t
PeaaKTop T. c. HcnaHKHHa
ABTOp Texu. peaaKTOp r. B. OypmaH.
CeMeH AApoaHOBH4 WaWKOB. KoppeKTOp r. M. Bay3p
A 11916. IloanHCaHO K ne4aTn 12/XI 1956 r. Tapa~x 60.000 3x3. H3a. Ns 282.
byMara 60X921/16-1,25 6yM. n.=2,5 nei. n. Y4eTHO-H3u. 2,41 n. 3aKa3 No 2516.
OpaeHa Jlenoiia THnorpaC~na raaeTbl dIpaBaa>> itMeuo H. B. CTannHa.
Mocxaa, yn. , 24.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
HeKOTOpble cBeAeHHSI o peKax KHTa9
KHTaftcKaH HapOaHai Pecny6.RH1ca (no-KHTa1:CKH: L1xryHXya
)K9HbMHHb ryHX9r0) 3aHHMaeT TeppHTOpHIO OKOJIO 9,9 MHJIJIHOHa
KBaApaTHbIX KHJIOMeTpOB. 9TO caMai 60JIbIlIaH CTpaHa a3HaTCKOrO
MaTepIlKa. O6LUa i AJ1HHa rpaH'HIj KHTaR npeBblulaeT 25 TbICH4
KHJIOMeTpOB, B TOM 4HCJIe OKOJIO 12 TbICH4 MOpCKHX.
L1ae TpeTH TeppHTOp1H KHTa i 3$HRTbI ropaMH, CnyCKaioLum[icH
yCTynaMH C 3anaaa Ha BOCTOK.
BOCTOgHaH, 6o.nee HH3MeHHa5i 4aCTb CTpaHbI HMeeT xapaKTep
npHMOpCKHX PaBHHH, a 3anaAHaR H Ioro-3anaAHa5I 4aCTH - nJIO-
CKOroPH I H BbICOKHX rOp, BXOASILUHX B rOpHble CHCTeMbI rHMaapeB,
KapaxopyMa, Ky3Hb-JIyHH H THHb-LUaHH.
B r.1y6oKHx BnaAHHax Me]KJjy rop 6epeT caoe Haga.no 60JIbLIIHH-
CTBO KpynHeRwHx peK 1O1KHOf H IOro-BOCTOgHOI%I A3HH. BOCTOgHaR
4aCTb CTpaHbI OTJIH4aeTC5I OT 3anaAHOI O6HJIHeM peK H BJIa}KHbIM
KJIHMaTOM.
BOJIbWHHCTBO peK KHTaR Te'eT B BOCTO4HOM HanpaBJIeHHH:
npHMO Ha BOCTOK, Ha IOrO-BOCTOK H ceBepO-BOCTOK. 9TH peKH Bna-
J }OT B MOH THxoro oxeaHa, OMbIBalorrn4e BOCTO4Hble 6epera
CTpaHbI. Ha16ojiee Ba}KHble peKH KHTaH HOKa3aHbI Ha KapTe BOA-
HbIX nyTeFi (cTp. 20-21).
Bepera Mopel3 )KenToro, BOCTOIIHo-KHTal3CKoro H 1O)KHO-KH-
Taf3CKoro H3pe3aHbl 6yXTaMH H 3aJIHBaMH; BAOJIb 6eperoB pa36po-
CaHO MHO}KeCTBO OCTpOBOB, H3 KOTOpbIX CaMbIMH 6OJIbLIIHMH HB-
.ii noTCR TaflBaHb H XaFIHaHb.
r10JIyOCTpOBa rJIy6oKO BIaIOTCR B Mope. I'IX 6epera B03BbIIHeiibi
H CHJIbHO H3pe3aHbl 6yXTaMH, B KOTOPbIX pacno. o)KeHbl yao6Hble
raBaHH H nOpTbI.
B KHTae HaC4HTbIBaeTC51 OKOJIO 1598 60JIbLIIHX H cpeAHHx H
MH0}KeCTBO MaJ1bIX peK. O6Luai npOTR)KeHHOCTb BHyTpeHHHX BOA-
HbIX nyTeA KHTaH COCTaBJIReT OKOJIO 100 TbIC514 KHJloMeTpOB.
K HaH60Jiee Ba?KHbIM peKaM CTpaHbI OTHOCHTCR: B CeBepHoM KH-
Tae - XyaHX3 H XyaHx3, B I]eHTpaJlbHOM -- gHU3bJ, B IO}KHOM -
CHIj3RH H CeBepo-BOCTO4HOM - CyHrapH.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Oco6eHIIO 6OJibUJoe 3Ha9ei1Ie j1JIfl KHTac HMee1 peKa 51 H U 3 bI,
6epyLuaA CBoe HaaaJlo C IO}KHbIX OTpOIOB Ky3Hb-JIyHa. LU1HHa
S1HU3b1 npeBbiuIaeT 5200 KHJIOMeTpOB, a 06H>,aH j1JIaHa Cyj10XO1HbIX
ytaCTKOB peK H KaHaJ1OB 6acceHHa 3TOI3 peal, - 6oxIee 28 TbIC I'
KHJIOMeTp0B.
B 6acceiHe peKH qHI13bI Ha nJ10IU J1H OKOJIO 1,7 MHJIJIHOHa
KBa paTHbIX KHJIOMeTpOB npO}KHBaeT 6o.iee 200 MHJIJIHOHOB aeJIo-
P11C. I PeKa qHU3b1 B
cpeanei TeveuHH.
BeK.
PeKa SIHU3b1 Cy11oX0J1Ha j1JI5i
60JIbluax pe4HbIX H Cpe11HHX Mop-
CKHX COB Ha npOT5DKeHHH 6o-
,nee 2800 KHJIOMeTpoB. Map-
CKHe napoxo11bI MOryT fO11HH-
MaTbCH AO ropojla YXaHH.
B BepXHeM H CpejlHeM Te1le-
HHH 2HU3b1 npOTeKaeT Me?Kjiy
BbICOKHMH I'OpaMH (pHC. 1) H
JIHHIb HH}Ke ropojla H1laHa peKa
BbIXO,RHT Ha HIHpOKy1O aO:IHHy.
B nepHOj1 JIeTHHX H OCCHHHX
4o 1u1e1i ypOBeHb ~IHU3b1 j10CTH-
raeT CBOero MaRcaMyMa. Oco6eH-
HO BbICOKHe HaBOaKH Ha6J1lOj1a-
IOTCH B CpejlHe e TeveHHH, Me}Kj1y
ropojlaMH HaaHOM H H6aI10M, 3
IIPOBHHUHH CbILIyarIb, me B 9HI~-
3b1 BnaJIa1OT MHOFOBOJIHble npH-
TOKH - MHHbu3HH, I__[3HJIHHbU3HH
H up. Ha 9HU3b1 6bIBaLOT 6oJIb-
(IINc naBOj1KH. TaK, pa3HOCTb Me-
>Koy MaKCFMaJIbHbIM H Me3lteHe-
BbIM ypO0BHRMH BO jb1 TIaCTO j10-
CTHraeT B ropoi ax I-IyHUHHe
36 McTpoB, H'lane - 24 H YxaHi - 18 McTpoB. Oco6eHHo 6oJIb-
HIOe IIaBOJLFTCHHe 6bl.10 B 1954 rOj1y, BO BpeMfl KOTOPOFO ypOB0Hb
BIULbI B peKe B paNOHe YXaHa 6bIJI Ha 20 McTPOB BbIIIIe Me)Kelle-
IBOrO rOpH30IITa. DTO 6bIJI CaMblI1 BbICOKHFI I1aBOp,OK 3a nOCJIe.IjHne
100 ,neT.
Ha yaacTKe HiiiaH - YXaxb H nnwe IIIU3bl pa3~HBaeTCH 110
paBHHHe, pacnoJlO)KeHHON MexKjy rOp, 3aronJI5IH HH3KHe MecTa H
o6pa3ya rpoMajiHble o3epa H 6oJIOTa.
Bo BpeMfl naBo, KOB o3epa npHIIHMa[OT BOJ1y, IIBJIBBCb ecTecT-
BeHHbIMH BOj10XpaHnJIHH1aMH, H OTjlaloT ee B Me>KeHb. Ha paBHHH-
HOM yaaCTKe no o6eHM 6eperaM SIHU3bI COOpy}KeHbi BbICOKHe 6epe-
ro13b1e JIaM6bI, 3a1111IH1alOnlHe HH3IIHb] OT 3aTOnJneHII5I BO BpeMfl
naBOAKOB.
BTOpOfl HO BeJIH'IHHe peKOH KHTB5T BBJI5IeTC51 X V a H X 3, HpOTA-
}KeuIIOCTbio 4845 KHJIOMeTpOB. Ha 6eperax 3TOH peKH 3apOlHJlaCb
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
ApeBHSIH KyJlbTypa KHTaB. XyaHX3 Ha'IIH'HaeTCSI B ropax Ky3Hb-
J1yHH, HeJjaJIeKO OT HCTOKOB R'HU3bI, B H'pOBHHIZHH L1HHXaI3. rIJlO-
njaJjb 6accefHa XyaHX3 cOCTaBJISIeT O'KOJio 745 TbICH KBaRpaTHbIX
KHJIOMeTpOIB, a AJIHHa p'eK ee 6acceliHa -II!pHMepHO 10 TbIC5ILI KH-
JIOMeTp'OB. OKOJIO 180 MHJIJIHOHOB 4eJIOBeK npo}KHBaeT B 6a'CCeI3:He
3TOfi peKH. Pe?KHM XyaHX3 Ha BCeM ee np'OT nxeHH'H IKpaHHe Heno-
CTOSIHeH. r1'o Xyaux3 H B'ee'M peKa!M ee 6accefiaa Jjo CHx riop MOrJIH
nJIaBaTb TOVIb'KO Me'JIIKHe cyAa, rJIaBHbIM o6pa3oM I>KOHKI4. OT
Xya'HXB H ee inpHTOKOB npOJIO}KeHO MHOrO MarH'CTpaJIbHbIX OpOCH-
TeJIbHbIX IKaHaJI'OB. DO 3TH'M }Ke KaHaJIaM nJIaBaIOT a>KKOHKH.
B CpeAHeM TeqeHHH XyaHX3 HaXOJjHTCSI caMoe MOnjHOe B MHpe
JIecCOBoe nJIaTO, nJlOnjaJjblo 370 TbICHq iKBaapaTHbIx KHJIOOMeTpO'B.
TOJIIiZHHa Jiecca xoJIe6JIeTCH OT 20 , o 50 MexpOB, a B OTJjeJIbHbIX
M'e'CTax AocTHraeT Jja}Ke 100 McTpOB. K'pyTble CKJIOHbI JIeCCOBbIX
MaCC.HBOB pa3MblBaioTC5i ao>KJj5im1H, Jlecc yHOCHTCH B XyaHx3 HJIH
ee HpHTOKH, 4TO npHBOJjHT K 6bICTpOMy 3aHJIHBaHHIO pycJia peKH,
oco6eH'HO B ee HH>KHeM TegeH'H,H. Coji.ep}KaHIHe HJIa B BoJje CocTaB-
JISIeT 3,4 npOUeHTa 'n0 Becy, a B dnep'HOA CHJIbHBIX AoxcjjerI OHO JjO-
CTHraeT 40 npOue,HTOB. B 3TO BpeMH BO a peKH CTaHOBHTCH }KeJI-
TOBaTO-r'pH3H011, OTKy.ja p'eKa H noJiygHJia Ha3BaHHe XyaHX3, TO
nO-KHTaHCKH o3HagaeT >. 1'13-3a MHoroJleTHHX OTJIO-
}KeHIH11 a.Ia nOAHHJIOCb flHO peKH. B HeKOTOpbIX McCTax IiH}KHero
TewHHSl XyaHX3 A.HO ee Ha 3-10 McTpOB BbIHle oKpyxcalonjeli McCT-
HOCTH, H [O3TOMy ipeKa TeqeT B HCKyCCTBeHHbIX 6eperax.
Bepera XyaHx3 C ApeBHeFILuH'X BpeMeH OHOSICaHbI 3aIuHTHbIMH
AaM6aMH, npeAoxpa'HHIOnjHMH TeppHTOpHlo OT 3aTonJleH'H5I.
1'13-3a HHTP~HCHBHbIX JjOHHbIX oTJIO}KeHHH npHXOJIHTCSI 1O1ITH
e}KerOAHO HapanjHBaTb JLaM6bI. ~JJIHHa J.aM6 HO 6e'peraiM HH}K-
Hero TetleHHSI XyaHX3 OKOIJIO 1800 KHJIOMeTpoB. OHM JO Ha-
CTOSIIIjero BpeMeHH 5IBJI5IIOTCSI Ba}KHeIiIIIIHM Ope]lCTBOM B 6opb6e c
HaBO4He,H'H5IMIH. BO BpeMH naBOJ(KOB XyaHx3 npH'HOCHT MHOrO 6eJj-
CTBHI1 KKHTaACKOMy HapOJjy, 3a wITO ee np03BaJI.4 .
Hepe1jKO p'eKa npOpblB'aeT 6elperoBbie JjaM6bl, BbI3bIBa51 HaBOJIHe-
HHSI. Flpa 3TOM O'Ha TIaCTO 'n;pOKJIa,Tu IBaeT ce6e HOBble pycJIa. TaK,
corJIaC'HO IHCTOpHT-IeC'KHM AaHiHbIM, XyaHX3 3a 3 TbICATIH JIeT 26 pa.3
McHSiJIa CBOe pyCJIO, H3 HHX 9 pa3 C H'CKJIlogIIHTejIb'H:o 6OJIbIIIHMH
OTKJIOHeHHH'MH IB CTOpOHy. R[O 1854 r0'Jja X'yaHX3 B'naaa.na Heno-
CpeJI.CTBeHHO B )Ke'JIT'oe Mope c IO}KHOfI CTOpOHbI IUaHbJjyHCKOIro
nOJI'yOCTpoBa, a Tene'pb oHa BnaJja'eT B BOXafIOKH11 3aJI'nB, iHa
500 KHJIOMeTpo'B ceBepaee CTapo'ro 'pyc.la.
Bo BpeMH HaBo, HeH:HH XyaHx3, Ipa3pyiuax JjaM6bl, 3a.IHBaeT
rIJIOHjaJjb mH'pHH'oc OKOJIO 800 KHJIOMeTpOB H CJIHBaeTCSI C Xafix3,
npOTexalonjei{ 'CeBepxee, c XyaI x3 H Jja}Ke. 9'HU3bI, HaxoJjslu Hxcs
io>Kuee. Bo BpeM5l HaBOAHeHHH B 1934 irony npH pacxoJje BOJjbI B
8500 IKy60MeTpOIB B CeKyHJjy ~6bIJIH npopBaHbI B 4eTbipex MecTax
JjaM6bI B npOBHHUHH X9HBHb H 3aTonJIeHO nle'CTb ye3AOB.
B 1935 roJjy 'npH pacxo'Jje BOJjbI B 13 300 Ky6oM'eTp'oB B CeKyHJjy
CHOBa 6bIJIH np0p'BaIHbI Jja'M'6bI B npOBHHUHSix LUa'HbAyH H 1]3HHCy
2. C. A. nlaiui oe. 5
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
H 3aTonJleHo 60Jiee JjeCHTH ye3,fOB, npntieM oT HaBOJjHeHHH fOCTpa-
UaJIO 2 MHJIJIHO'Ha geJUOBeK.
B 1950 Iro y HatiaJIH InpmOawTb pa6oTbi no yxpenJIeHHio H non-
HHTHIO yPOBH5I orpa}KJ[aiorn$x .gaM6, 6JiaroUap5i tieMy npOpblBbI HX
npelxpaTHJIHCb. TaK, BO Bpe'Mx naBOaKa 1954 roaa, n'pH pacxo'Jte BO-
UbI 14 TbICSItI Ky6oMeTpO'B B CeKYHJ(y, UaIM6bI He 6brJIH pa3pyiueHbl.
B HacTo5iujee BpeMH Ha XyaHX3 npOBOJWTCA 60JIb'IHHe pa60TbI
no perYJI'HPO'BaIHHIO BODUHO'rO pe)KHMa 3TOH KanpH3HOH peKH H
KOMnJieKCHOMy HcnOJIb3oBaHHIo ee BO)jHbIX pe'CypCOB.
Heapa 6accefHa XyaHx3 60'raTbl KaMeHHbIM yrJleM, He4 TbIO,
3KeJIe3HoI3 H McJ[HOH pyaaMH.
BoJIb'IUOe mageHHe UJISI CeJIbCKOrO X035IHCTIBa CTpaHBI HMeeT
peKa X y a i3 X 3, npOT5n ceHHOCTMO 1158 KHJIOMeTpOB. 06uja5i UJIH-
Ha peK 6acceHHa XyaHX3 COCTaBJI5IeT O'KOJio 2600 KHJIOMeTpOB. 3Ta
pea CyJ[OXOUHa J[JI51 'napOBbIX H naPYCHbIX 'CyaOB Ha ytiaCTKe OKOJIO
TbICSItIM KHJIOMeTpOB, a Ha OCTaJIbHbIX ymacTKax no HeIi MOrJIH nJ1a-
BaTb TOJIbKO Jj}KOIHKH. XyaHX3, He McHee KaInpH3Ha5i H 6yHHaH, tieM
XyaHX3, H13J[aBIHa HpH'4HHSIJIa IMHOrO 6eJ[CTBHfI, 3a 1TO HapOJj Ha3b1-
BaeT ee K3Ji0H peKol> . B 6acce%IHe 3TO'H pexH, 3aHHMaIOIl.[eM
280 TbI'C5i'LI KBaUpaTHbIIX xHJIoMeTpO'B, npO}KHBaeT OKOJIO 60 MHJI-
JIHOHOB tieJiOBeK.
XyaHX3 iBrIaJjaeT B o3ep'O X'yHU3 H He HMeeT BbIXOAa B MOPe.
XYHU3 BO BpeM5i naBOUKOB He MOrJIO npHHHMaTb BCeX BOA 6acceH-
Ha Xyafix3. OHO BbIXOUHJIO H3 6eperoB, CoeJUHHHJIOCb C BeJIHKHM
KaHajiOM, MHorotiHCJieHHbIMH McJIKHMH 03epaMH H peKa,MH XyaHX3
H SIHu3bI.
Xyaix3 HMeeT 29 np'HTOKOB. Ba}KHeh1IHH H3 HEX-peKa III H X 3,
KOTOpaH 6epeT HagaJIO B ropax ,L1e6aluaxb, Ha rpaHHue np0'BHHUHH
AHbXOH H X3HaHb.
B nepxoA BeceHHHx, JIeTHHX H OCeHHHX UO}KUec 6ypHble nOTOKH
BOUbI CTeKaIOT C rOp, H ypOBeHb BOJ(bI B peKe 6bICTpo nOUHHMaeTCSI.
B TexieHHe OUHOrO aHSI BOUHbIH pe}KHM 1i1Hx3 MON{eT BHe3anHO Me-
HSITbCSI. ECJIH J[O UON{U51 LHHx3 cnoKOHHa H McJIKOBOJjHa, TO nocale
6o.IbUU'HX JIHBHeI OHa nipeBpaujaeTC51 B 6ypHbIH nOTOK, CTpeMHTeJIb-
HO HeCyujHH CBOH BO,IIbI B XyaHX3. PaCXOJ[ BOUbI B 1UHX3 H3Me'HHeT-
CH OT I Ky6oMeTpa Uo 4 TbICHtI Ky6oMeTpOB B CeKYHUy. OHa gaCTO
BbIXOJjHJIa H3 6eperoB, 3aTOIIJIIIH nOJIH, H npHHOCHJIa 60JIbIUGH
yujep'6 HaceJIeHH1o.
B HaCTOSlujee 13pe'M5l BOUHbIH pe'NCHM 6acceilHa Xyaix3 peryJlH-
pyeTC5I rHUPOTeXHH4eCKH!MH coopyH{eHHSIMH, CTpOHTeJIbCTBO KOTO-
pblx 6bIJIO HaqaTo'B 1950 roay H,npOAO'JuKaeTCH B HaCTOiSIHjee BpeMH.
BOJIbiuoe 3HaneHHe UJISI Lora CTpaHbI HMeeT peKa C H IU 3 51 b-I,
UJIH'HOH 1958 KHJIOMeTpOB. B Bee BnaJlaeT MHOI'O n'pHTOKOB. IIpOTSI-
N{eHHOCTb pex 6accefHa C'HI1351H COCTaBJIHeT 6o.iee 8500 KHJIOMeT-
p0'B. OHa CyaOXOaHa nOtITH' Ha BCeM npOTSDKeHHH. BOJIbIHHe MOp-
CKHe cyJa MOryT HOUHHMaTbCH BBepX Ha paCCTOSIHHe 6oJiee TbICH5IH
KHJIOMeTpOB. YCTbe CHU3STH H3pe3aHO MHOrOtIHCJIeHHbIMH pyxaBa-
MH, O6pa3yboIU'HMH n.IO.IIOPOJIHYIO ae.IIbTy.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Ha OJIHOM H3 pyKaBOB JjeJIbTbI CHI(3SIH pacnoJio}KeH KaHTOH,
OJ[HH H3 KpaCHBeimuHX rOpO,I(OB KHTaSI, HMeIOLUHI1 CJI BHoe peso-
JIIOIjHOHHOe n'poII noe.
143 ,q'pyrHX peK CJIeAyeT OTMeTHTb n!p.HTOQ{ AMypa - peKy C Y H-
r a p H, npoTexalolljylo B ceBepo-BOCTOLIHOI3 gaCTH CTpaxbl. ,JJI'HHa
peK 6acceiHa CyHrapH 6onee 3200 KHJIaMeTpoB. 110 3TOi3 pexe Ha
ytla,CTK'e 60JIee 2700 KHJIoMeTpOB MaryT nJlasaTb 6OJIbnIHe peqHble
napoxojjbi. Ha CyxnapH pacrlojlo}KeH Xap6HH, OAHH H3 KpynHeHauxx
rOPOAOB CTpaHbl, HaCYHTbrBa1OnjHFi OKooro 1200 TbICSI''q }KHTeJrec.
143 60JIee McJIiKHX 'peK CJieayeT OTMeTHTb X a H x.9 (Ba41x3) H ee
npHTOK 10 H Jj H H X 9.
Ha XaUX3 paCnoJI03KeH ropojl THHbLj3HHb, BTOpOI3 nO Ba}KHOCTH
MOPCKOH nOPT H KPynHbII3 KyJIbTyPHbII3 H npOMbILHJIeHHBIU LjeHTP
KHTaH.
XaUx3 cpaBHHTeJlbHO He60JlbLua51, HO MHOrOBOAHaHI peKa, B KO-
TOPy1O Bnaj[aeT MHOFO npHTOKOB. aJIHHa peK 6accex'Ha XaUX3
COCTaBJISIeT OKOJIO 2635 KHJIOMeTpOB. 110 9TOK pee Ha yqaCTKe
npoTSI)KeHHOCTb1O 98 KHJIOMeTpOB MOryT XOaHTb MOPCKHe cyAa,
a Ha ygaCTKax pex ee 6acceUHa AJIHHOH OKOJIO TbICHITH KHJIOMeT-
poB - p,eq'Hble napoxo bI H nalpyCHble CyAa.
IOHJjHHX9, 6epyujaH CBOe HagaJlo BO BHyTPeHHeU MOHroJIHH,
Bna,aaeT OKOJIO THHbLj3HHH B Xalix3. PaHbLUe IOHJjHHX3 Ha3bIBa-
Jlacb KYqHHx3>>, WO 03HagaeT . HCnOKOH BeKOB 9Ta pexa npHHOCHJIa MHOro 6e)(CTBHR }KHTe-
JIHM gOJiHH, pacnoJio e'HHbIX no ee 6eperaM. B HCTOPHH oTMetreHO
60Jiee 80 KpynHblX HaBOJjHeHHI{ Ha IOHJjHHX3. 3a 37 JIeT, c 1912 no
1949 ro,, naBOJjKOBb1e BOabI IOHAHHX3 7 pa3 npopbIBa.IH J;aM6b1.
B 1939 roAy pexa 3aTonHJia 60JIee 500 KBa1LpaTHbIx KHJIOMeTpOB
AOJIHHbl, B pe3yJlbTaTe hero o6pa3OBaJIOCb o3epo, cynjeCTByiou ee
.10 HaCTOSILuerO BpeMeHH. KpynHbIH npoMbIumeHHbIH H TOprOBbIA
ueHTp CeBepHoro KHTaSi - TSJHbII3HHb HeoliHOKpaTHO CTpa1[aJI OT
HaBOJIHeHHI3 3TOR pexH. B 1917 H 1939 roaax yJIHIjbi T1HbIZ3HHSI
HeCKOJIbKO JLHex ocTaBaJIHCb nOJj BOAOR H CpeJjCTBaMH coo61ljeHH51
B 3PO BPeMH SIBJIHJIHCb Jj}KOHKH, 3aMeHHBLUHe TpaMBaH H aBTO-
MaiuHHbI.
HHTepee.HbI HeKOTOPble HCTOpmeCKHe 3nH30JjbI, CBH3aHHble c
60pb6ox npoTHB naBOJ(KOB B 6acceUHe peKH IOHJjHHX3. UMnepa-
TOPCKOe npaBHTeJIbCTBO KHTaH noJL npeji noroM 60pb6bI C HaBOJtHe-
IIHHMH HeOJLHOKpaTHO Co6HpaJio C HaceJIeHHH 6OJIbLUHe cpeaCTBa,
KOTOpble 3aTeM paCXOJjOBaJIHCb Ha JjpyrHe uejiH, He HMe1OMHe
HHqero o6Lijero c ynopHJjotieHHeM BOJjHOr0 pe)KHMa 9TO13
peKH. TaK, HanpHMep, MaHbTI}xypCKHU HMnepaTOp 1OH i4X3H
(1723-1735 rr.) JjeHbrH, Co6paHHble Ha 60pb6y c naB0JZK MH
IOHJjHHX3, H3paCXOJjo'BaJI Ha noCTpoUKy xpaMa J[paKOHa (pegHaro
6ora). 14MnepaTOpbi KaH CH (1662-1722 rr.) H IllIHb JIyH
(1736 H 1795 rr.) npOBO,T HJIH CTpOHTeJIbCTBO AaM6, HO Hx LjeJIb10
6bIJlo orpaj[HTb TOJIbKO CTOJIHUy IeKHH OT HaBOJjHeHHH.
MaHbq3KypCKHe HMnepaTOpbI, 6yayqH He B cwiax o6y3JjaTb Heno-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
KOpHy10 pexy, peIIHJIH, B KOHLIe KOHUOB, HepeHMeHOBaTb ee H Ha-
3BaJu-1 IOHJjHHx9, T. e. . Ho OT
3TOFO BOJHbIII pe)KHM peKH, KOHe'-IHO, He H3MeHHJICH.
TOJIbKO nocne o6pa3OBaHHH KHTaIICKOII HapoRHOII PeCny6JIH-
KB, yMKe B H0516pe 1949 roAa, 6bIJIo HpHCTyrJIeHO K pa3pa6OTKe
HpoeKTa o6y3JaHHS1 3TOi peKH.
B BepXOBbHX IOHJHHX3 ocaAKH BbIHaJjaloT HepaBHOMepHO,
HHorRa pea HaCTOJIbKO McJIeeT, LITO ee CB060RHO MOMKHO nepexo-
JHTb B6poi. PaCXOR B0JbI B 3T0 BpeMR JOXORHT AO OJHOrO Ky6O-
McTpa B CeKyHJy, TOrJa KaK B HepHOJ CHJIbHbIX RoMKJelt, B HIOJIe
H aBryCTe, paCXOJ JOCTHraeT HOLITH 6 TbICSITI Ky60MeTpOB B CeKyH-
Ry. B 3TO BpeMH peKa, CTeCHeHHa5T yLueJIbeM FyaHbTHH, 3aTOnJISIeT
HIHpOKy10 ROJIMHy, CTpeMHTeJIbHble HOTOKII pa'3pyHIaloT JaM6bI,
3aJIHBaIOT HOJIH, CMCTaH Ha CBOeM HyTH %HJIHHZa. BO BpeMH naBOJ-
KOB IOHJHHX3 HeceT 60JIbLLIOe KOJIHileCTBO HJIa, COAep}KaHHe KOTO-
pOTO B BOJe aOXOJHT Jo 38 Hp'OIZeHTOB HO Becy. BOJIbmmOe KOJiH'e-
CTBO HJIa BbInaJaeT Ha RHO B Tex yt-IaCTKaX peKH, rRe OHa Hpo-
TeKaeT no 10.JIMHam. B pe3yJibTaTe pyCJIO peKH B 3THX McCTaX
HaX0,1nTC51 BbILHe OKpy>KaJoLLIek McCTHOCTH H TOJIbKO aaM6b(
npeJOXpaHSHOT JOJIHHbI OT 3aTOHJIeHHH. BaMKHoi%I Hpo6JieMOIi RB-
JISIeTCSI npeJoxpaHeHHe HOTIB B BepXOBbHX peKH OT pa3MbIBa. RJJH
6opb6bI C pa3MbIBOM HO'IBeHHOI'O HOKpoBa OCyujeCTBJlrnoTCH B Ha-
CTOSILLIee BpeMR JlecoHaca)KJeHHSI.
,UJIH TOPO 'IT06bI npeJOTBpaTHTb HaBOJHeHHe B IIH3OBb5IX peKH
IOHJHHX3, 6bIJI HpOBeae'H p51R 'Mep'onpHSITHH: yKpCHJIeJHbI Ram6bl,
o'IHHIaeTCH pyCJIO, C03Aana rHJpOMeTeoopoJIoirHllecKaSI CJIyMK6a AJT
Ha'6JIIOReHHII 3a ocaJKaMH H pe)KHMOM peKH, COOpyxKeHO Fyaxb-
THHCKOe BORoXpaHHJIHHle.
BOCTOHHa% tiaCTb KHTaSI H306HJiyeT MHOrOgHCJICHHbIMH KaHa-
JIaMH. TOJIbKO B K)MKHOH T-IaCTH JeJIbTbI 51FIU3bI HMC TCH Ro 35 TbI-
C5111 KHJIOMeTpOB KaHaJI0B. HaH6o.Ibwee 3HatIeHHe HMeCT Be.JIHKHI{
KaHaJi (HO-KHTafCKH IOHX3) JJIHHOII OKOJIO 1800 KHJIOMeTp0B.
Haqa.lio HOCTpOHKH 3TOrO Kaxa,ia OTHOCHTCH >h VII Berry HaJllec(
3pbl. Ero CrpOHTeJIbCTBO npOROJIMKaJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COT JIeT. Hpo-
T51MKe'HHOCTb KaHaJPOB H peK, CocTaBJI5uonu-Ix 6aacelliH BenIHKoro
KaHalIa, OKOJIO 4500 KHJIOMeTpOB. Ha pme. 2 rOKa3aH ORHH H3
B'Hala'loMHX B Hero KaHaJIOB. IIIHpHHa BeJIHKoro Kaxa.na OT 15 Jo
350 McTpOB. OH iHagHHaeTCSI OT HeKHHa H JOXOAHT RO XaH'IMKOy.
KaHaJI B'CTpe,iaeT Ha CBOeM HyTH pexy XaIiX3, 03epa Belinlainxy,
,UyHLL1HHXy H apyrHe H HepeceKae'T peKH XyaHx3 H SIHII3bI B6JIH3H
HX yCTbeB. OCo'6eHno 6oJlbluoe 3Ha4eHHe KaHaJI CTaJI HMeTb Co
BpeMeHH 3a!BOeBaHH'H KHTaR B XIII BeKe MOHTOJIaMH 'H HelpeHeCe-
4HH51 CTOJIHLLbI B I-IeKHH. UO XIX !BeKa BeJIHKHFI KalHaJI HMeJI 60JI'b-
m oe 3HaHeFIHe aim KHTa51 KaK yJo6HbIH, RemeBblll HyTb, CBH3bIBa-
IoHIHII pa3JIHTI'Hble HpOBHHLIHH 'CTpaHbI. Pa3IBHBaIO1LIe-ec5I BO BTOpOH
HOJIOBHHe XIX BeKa MOpCKOe CyJOXOJCTBO H CTpoHTeJIbCTBO MKeJIe3-
HbIX JOpOr no'JOpBaJIO 3Ha'Te'HH'e KaHalia. Home MKe nepeFeCeHHSI
CTOJIHLIbI e HaHKHH, B rORbI r0MHIHJaHO'BccKO!ro rOCnoJCTBa H
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
ycyry6JieIHHSi 3xOHOMHRIecKOro KpH3HCa, BeIiHKHII KaHaji inpjHleJI B
HOJIIIbIII ynaAOK. rHApOTe'XHHqeCKHe COepy?KeHH5i 'Ha KaHaJIe 6bIJIH
CHJIbHO nOBpeM{AeHbl.
L1eHTpaJIbHoe Hapo,4Hoe npaBHTeJIbCTBO KHTaJ, npuaBaH
60JIbmoe 3HaqeHHe BeJIHKOMy KaHaJIy, B 1950 roAy HwlaJio npo-
BOAHTb pHA MepOnpHHTHII HO OqHCTKe H yrJIy6JIeHHIO KaHa.Ia n
BOCCTaHOBJIeHHJO Ha Hem rHapOTeXHHqeCKHX COOpy}KeHMI'I.
11ociie peKOHCTPYKUHH BeJIHKHH KaHaji 6yJeT HMeTb 60JIbuloe
HppnrauHoHHoe H TpancnOpTHOe 3Halenne.
B HaCT05 nee Bpem5l Ha yTiaCTKaX KaHaJIa OT THHbU3HH5l AO
J1HHbUHHa (490 KM) H OT IOHbX3 Ao XaHiI)KOV (600 KM) KypcH-
pyKYr ipeHHbie napoxoabl.
NCHOJIb30BaHHe BOAHbIX pecypCOB
Boua HMeeT 6oJlbnioe 3Ha4 HHe AJIH pa3BHTi35I HapOAHOrO XO-
35HIICTBa KHTaH.
3anacbl BOAHO1 3HeprnH B KHTae, B nepecqeTe Ha B03MO3KHyJO
MOHZHOCTb rHAp03JIeKTpoCTaHIu1II, COCTaBJISTIOT 6oniee 540 MHJI-
JIHOHOB KHJIOBaTT. HO 3anacaM rHApo3HeprrH KHTaIi 3aI-IHMaeT
BTOpOe McCTO B MHpe nociie COBeTCKOIO C0103a. ,
C ApeBHHX BpeMeH B KHTae HCKYCCTBeHHOe oponieHHe noJieli
N peryjiHpoBaHHe peK B ueJISTX 3aIIZHTbI OT naBOJJKOB HMeJIH TIpe3BbI-
HTa13Ho 60JIbuioe 3HatieHHe. KpeCTbHHe MOrJIH CHHMaTb CO CBOHX
noJlei3 ABa-TpH yp03KaH TOJIbKO npH HCKYCCTBeHHOM opoHIeHHH
H 06BOAHeHHH 3aCYIIIJIHBbIX 3eMeJIb. Tax, em e 2200 JIeT TOMy Ha3aa
9
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Obma COOpy)KeHa B rIPOBHHUHH CbI4yaHb aY 35IHCKa i OpOCHTeJIb-
HaH CHCTeMa (AefiCTByiouiaH ao HaCTOHILjero BpeMeHH), opoluaB-
ruaii 6OJiee 3 MJIH. My (My =116 ra) KpeCTbHHCKHX noiiefl. BbIJIH
TaKN{e Co3J1aHbI H jl;pyrHe OPOCHTeJIbHble CHCTeMbI.
BOpb6a C HaBOAHeH1iSIMH nyTeM yCTpofCTBa AaM6 H 4aCTH4HbIM
peryJnHp0BaHHeM peK TaK}Ke HBJISIJIaCb OAHOf1 H3 BB}KHefIUIHX 3aaa4,
CTOSTBLUHX nepejj HaceJIeHHeM CTpaHbI.
OJIiIOBpeMeHHO C 3THM peKH H KaHaJIb1 HCno'JIb'3OBaJIHCb AJIfl
nepeB03KH JIK)Aec H rpy3OB.
Jo nOCTpOI3KH N{eJie3HbIX AOPOr BOAHbIfi TPaHC1OPT 6bIJI o.HHM
H3 rJIaBHbIX CPeACTB Co06LUeHHH OAHHX npOBHHLIIft c j(pyrHMH.
BOAHbIfi pe}KHM peK KHTafl 3Ha4HTeJIbH,O OTJIH4aeTCSI OT eBpo-
neJ CKHX. BOJIbiuHe naBOAKH, pa3PyiUHTeJIbHb1e HaBOJIHeHHH, pa3-
MbIB 6eperOB H rlOgBeHHOI'O noKpOBa nOfiMbl - BOT OTJIH4HTeJIbHbie
CBOfiCTBa MHOrHX peK KHTa5I.
HapoAHoe npaBHTeJlbCTBO KHTaHi c nepBbIX AHefi CBoero Cylue-
CTBOBaHH T npHCTyIHJIO K nPOBeAeHHIO 60JIbIUHX MepOnpHITHfI no
6opb6e c naBoIKaMH. OHO He orpaHH4HJ1oCb 3TOI3 OAHOfi, XOT 1 H
BaN{HOfI, 3aj[a4'e13, a HaMeTHJIO Kapj(HHaJIbHoe pelueHne KoMuJIeKC-
Horo HCHOJIb3OBaHHH BOAHbIX pecypcoB cTpaxbl. IIpeAnoJlaraJlocb
OKOH4aTeJIbHO yCTpaHHTb HaBOj(HeHHSI, npOBecTH opouieHHe H o6-
BOAHeHHe 3eMeJIb B 1L JISIX IIOBbIHIeHHST HX ypoN{a1HOCTH, HCHOJIb-
3OBaTb peKH aJISI noJlygenHSi aeiueBOfi 3JIeKTpo3HeprHH. KpOMe
Toro, 6bIJIO HaMe4eHo npOBeCTH pa60TbI no yJIy4LueHHIo cyaoxoa-
HbIX YCJIOBHI3 Ha peKax H KaHajiax, o6ecne4eHH1O BoIOfl rOPOAOB
H HaCeJIeHHbIX nyHKTOB, CO3AaHHIO 6JlaronpH}ITHbIX YCJIOBHff AAR
pb16HOrO X03HfICTBa.
CJieJIyeT OTMeTHTb, 4TO rJIaBHOfi 3aAa4efi B niiaHe KOMTIJICKCHOrO
HCnOJIb3.OBaHHH BOAHbIX 6oraTCTB CTpaHbI 6bIJIO pa3BHTHe rHApo-
3HepreTHKH. F103TOMy B nepayiO o4epeab npHCTynHJIH K 6OJIbIIiOMy
rHApOTeXHH4eCKOMy CTPOHTeJIbCTBY Ha peKe Xyafix3 no pa3pa6o-
TaHHOMy C fOMOII.jbIO COBeTCKHX cnegHajIHCTOB IiaiaHy.
IIJIaHOM PeKOHCTPYKLIHH BOAHOrO Xo3519CTBa B 6accefiHe Xyaix3
npeAycMaTPHBaJIaCb 6opb6a C KaTaCTpO(pH4eCKHMH naBOAKaMH, BO
BpeMST KOTOPbIX npOHCXOAHJIO COeIHHeHHe BOA Xyafix3 C BOAaMH
51HIj3bI, a TaKN{e HCnOJIb30BaHIe peKH aJI5 noJIygeHHSI Aeuie'BOH
3JIeKTpo3HeprHH. IIJIaH rHApoTeXHH4eCKOrO CTPOHTeJIbCTBa B 6ac-
cefiHe Xyafix3 6bIJI YTBepN{AeH B OKTfl6pe 1950 roAa. DTHM nJ1aHOM
6bIJIO HaMegeHO CTpOHTeJIbCTBO 13 BoaoxpaHHJIHUI H coopyN{eHHe
rHlLpOCTaHLLHfI Ha Xyafix3 H ee rJIaBHbIX npHTOKax, yxpen.neHHe m
yBeJiH4eHHe BbICOTbI orpaN{jzaiomHx AaM6 H ApyrHe Mepo'npHSITHSI
no 6opb6e c HaBOTLHeHHeM. HaH6oaiee KpynHbIMH BoIoxpauHJIHHja-
MH 51BJI5HIOTC5i HaHbBaHbcKoe, BoLHaHbCKoe, cOLI'3bIJIHHCKoe H M3fi-
rlIaHbCKoe. Bce 3TH BOAOXpaHHJIHLIja HyLueHbl B 3KCn.nyaTaLIHK).
CaMoe 60JIbLuoe 1.13 HHX - M3IimaHbcKoe BOAOXpaHHJIHHIe. OHO
HaxOIHTC51 Ha 111HX3, npHTOKe Xyafix9.
K pa6oTaM no BO3BeIeHHIO coopy}KeHHfi M3A uaHbCKOro BOAO-
xpaHHJIHLLIa npHCTynHJIH oceHbIO 1954 roIa.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
3a nHTb Mec IIjeB CTPOHTeJIbCTBa 6bIJIH HOCTPOeHbI nepeMblgKa,
nepeKpblBluaH peKy, H BOAOOTBOAHbIii TyHHeJIb, npOJIO}KeHHbIf B
TBepAOIi rpaHHTHOIi CKaJIe. 3a 3TO BpeMH BbIIIOJIHeHO 200 TbICH4
Ky6oMeTpOB 3eMJI$HbIX H CKaJIbHbIX pa6oT. B aliBape 1955 roaa
npHCTyrIHJIH K yKJIa.IKe 6eToHa B OCHOBaHHe nJIOTHHbI.
Hanpx>KeHHyio 60pb6y npHIIIJIOCb BbIL ep3KaTb CTpOHTeJISIM
fJIOTHHbI B 6opb6e c naBOJjKOM. Heo6xoRHMo 6bino onepeaHTb
naBOAOK H B03BeCTH nJIOTHHy TaKOH BbICOTbI, LITO6bI OHa MorJIa
3aACpxcaTb naBOAKOBbie BOAbI.
K BeCeHHeMy naB01[Ky B.KOpOTKHe CPOKH 3a6eTOHHpOBaJIH aPKH
1O BbICOTbI 73 McTpa, a K 6OJIbuIOMy JIeTHeMy naBOAKY BbICOTa
MOTHHU aOCTHraiia 110 McTpOB (pHC. 3).
PHc. 3. MHoroapoqHas )Keneao6eTOHHasl nnOTHHn
M3 tuiaHbcKoro BoAOxpaHHJnatua.
TaKHe ycnexH 6bIJIH AOCTHrHyTbi 6J1aroAapx TBop4IecKOIi HHH-
uHBTHBe CTpoHTeJIeI, H1HpOKOIi MexaHH3aLHH pa6oT. BbinH yco-
BepUIeHCTBOBaHbI McT01(bI B3PbIBHbIX pa6oT H 3arOTOBKa IUe6Hfl.
IIpHroTOBneHHe 6eTOHa npOH'3BO1(HJIOCb Ha aBTOMaTHqeCKOM 6eTOH-
HOM 3aBo,ie, npOH3BOJjHTeJIbHOCTbJ0 40 Ky60MeTpOB 6eTO'Ha B ggac,
06OpyJjOBaHHOM gexoCnOBalIKHMH MaUIIHHaMH. BeTOHHa}I CMeCb no-
AaBanacb aBTocaMOCBaJIaMH, JIeHTOgHbIMH TpaHCnOpTepaMH, a Tax-
>Ke no nOABeCHOIi Aopore.
06ibeM M3ilulaHbcKoro BOaoxpaHHJIHu1a paBHSIeTCSI 2275 MHJI-
JIHOHaM Ky60MeTpOB. 3Ta Baca HC'nOnb3yCTCH AJII noJiytleHHB
ueuieBOli BJIeKTp09'H?eprHH, JjJIA opolneH'H5I 640 TbICSIq My KpeiCTbHH-
CKHx noneIi, aim yJiytiuieHHS1 yCJIOBHI3 CyAOXOACTBa H Aim Apyrnx
ueneli. flocJie cooIpyxceHHSI M3A,1uaHIYCKOIi rH1[pO3JIeKTpOCT3HUHH
ropoAa H aepeBHH, pacnoJlo}KeHHble B BTOM palione, nonygaT Ae-
uiesyi0 BJIeKTpo3Heprxio.
Ha apyrHX rnaBHbIX npHTOKaX XyaIix3 - XyHX3, TyX3, Cyiix3
H BeiiIpelix3 - BeAeTCSI CTpOHTenbCTBO BOJj03aIUHTHbIX H BOAO-
OTBOAHbIX coopy}KeHHIi. OCHOBHOF% 3a1[ageli pa6oT no ynOPHao ie-
HHIO BOAHOFO pe}KHMa Ha 9THX npHTOKaX gBnsieTCSH npeAoTBpauze-
HHe HaBOAHeHHIi rlpH pa3JIHBax H yMeHbIIIeHHe 3aTOIIJISIeMOCTH
HH3HH B 6acceli'He XyaIkX3 BO BpeMH CHJIbHbIX Ao>K eIi.
BOAoxpaHHnHIIja, noCTpoeHHble B 6acceIiHe Xyaiix3, BMCCTe c
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
HIeCTHa4uaTbIO 03epaMH CMOryT BMeCTHTb OKOJio 20 MHJijiHapJjoB
Ky6oMeTpOB BOJjbI, IKOTOpan 6yj(eT I'ICHOJIb30BaTb'CH JJ,JI5I Hy}KJj Ha-
jOJjI-IOPO X035IIICTBa.
B pa60Tax no CTPOHTeJIbCTBy rHj poTexHHgecKHx coopyx{eHHii
IIa Xyaiix3 HpHHHMaJio yLIacTHe OKOJIO 5 MHJIJIHOHOB WJIOBeK,
B TOM LIHCJIe HeCKOJIbKO JjeCSITKOB TbICSIq HH KeHepoB, TeXHHKOB H
CTyaeHTOB CHeunaJlbHbIX yT4e61-IbIX 3aBeJjeHHII.
3a TPH roJja 6bIJIO IBbDHOJIHeHO 6oxree 400 MHJIJIHOIHOB Ky6oMeT-
pOIB 30MJIHHbIX pa60T, CBbPILIe 2 MHJIJIHOHOB Ky'60MeTp'OB }KeJIe3o6e-
TOH'HbIX H ,6eTOHHbIX pa60T, 'HoCTpOeHo 104 ':HIJIIO3a H JjpyrHe rHapo-
TCXHHgeCKHe COopy?KeHHSI.
Ha BOAOXpaHHJIIIHjaX, KaK yx{e ynoMHHaJIOCb, HpOH3BOJ HTC51
cTpoHTeJIbCTBO rH4po3JleKTpoCTaxuHli. KpoMe Mai mmaIlbcKOli FDC,
3aKOHqeHIO CTpOHTeJIbcTBO HepBOII o'-IepeaH cIOu3bIJIHHCKOLt rHapO-
3JIeKTpocTaHuHH H Hyujexa HepBaR Typ6HHa.
Home Coopy}KeuHH BCex rHapOCTaHUHIt Ha BOaoXpaHHJinujax
o6pa3yeTC5i CaHHaH 9HepreTHYecxan CHCTeMa, KOTOpa5I o6ecneqHT
3JIeKTpo3HeprHef HpOMbIHIJIeHHOCTb H CeJIbCKOe X03HIICTBO oKpy-
>KaIOHjHX panOHOB.
FMJjpoTexHHgecxoe cTpoHTeJIbcTBO B 6accefiHe XyaHx3 HMeeT
60Jlbliloe 3Ha'-IeHIIe JjJISI HHayCTpHaJIH3auH1I CTpaHbI. B pe3yilbTaTe
BBOJT,a B 3KCrlJlyaTauufo rHapOTexmiLieCKHX COOpy}KeHHIi Xyacix
MIIOPHe ee HpHTOKH CTaJIH Cy4OXOAHbIMH.
CTpOHTeJIbCTBO Ha XyaHx3 HBHJIOCb HpexpaCHoc LUXOJroil aJI2
rHJZpoTexHHKOB KHTan. 3Jjecb BrIepBble peuJaJIacb 3ajjaga KOM-
Hd[CKCHOrO 14CHOJIb3oBaHHH BOJJHbIX peCypCOB CTpaHbI.
Hapn4y Co cTpoHTeJlbc-roots HJIOTHII H rIIJ1poCTaHw14I3 Ha
XyaHx3 cJIeayeT OTMeTIKHMOM XyaHX3 HeceT cneunaJIbHaH ccnpK-
6a no npeAOTBpauieHHIO HaBOAHeHHH>>, HaCtJHTbIBaloIuaH 5 MHJI-
JIHOHOB tieJIOBeK, BKJIIotIaR 'Ha'6JIIOAaTe.IeH OT HaiceJIeHHH.
rlepBbIM nHTHJIeTHHM nJIaHOM pa3BHTHR HaJOAHOrO Xo35IHCTBa
KHTaICKOH HapoaHOH Pecny6Jr'HxH Ha 1953-1957 roabi npeA-
yCMOTpeHO npose4eHHe pa6oT no ynopRAotieHHIO BoAHOro pe?KHMa
H KOMnJIeKCHOMy HCnOJIb3OBaHHlO BOAHbIX pecypCOB XyaHX3. FlOA-
rOTOBHTeJIbHble pa6OTbI no ynOpRAOtIeHHIO H OCBOeHHIO BOA XyaFIX3
6bIJIH HatlaTbl cpa3y x(e nocae O6pa3oBaHHR KHTaicKOH HapoAHOH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Pecny6JlnrH. 1-1poH3BeaeHa TOnorpaCJHgecKaA CbeMKa, npOBeaeHbl
reojlorHgecKHe m rHapoJIorngecKHe nccJ1eaoBaHHH pacOHa pexn.
Ha OCHOBe 3THX HccjlejwnaHHN 6bIJI cocTaBJIeH nJ12H noxopeHHH
peKH. OH COCTOHT H3 JByX gacTeI - nepcneKTHBHOro ri iaila
KOMnJieKCHOrO HCfQJrb3oBaHHA BOAHbIX pecypcoB pen H nJiaHa
pa660T nep1130c1 ogepeAH (pnc. 4).
HepCHeKTHBHb1N fJIaH paCCgHTaH Ha HecKOJIbKO AecrTTHJIeTHR.
JTMM fJ1aHOM HaMegaeTCA KaCKaaHoe (CTyneHgaToe) OCBoeime
XyaFrx3, aim iero pexa pa3aeJIAeTCA Ha gerblpe yTiacTxa, HCnOJlb-
3yeMbIX B COOTBeTCTBHH C OCO6eHHOCTSHMH B01luor0 pe>KHMa m oco-
6eHHOCT5]MH pafloHa KaWA01`o ygaCTKa. B npoMbrrnjleHHbix paROHax
6yAeT yaeJieHO BIHHMaHHe pa3BHTHIo rHap03He-preTHKH, B CeJIbCKO-
X03H CTBeHHbIX - OponleHnro H O6BOaHeHHK).
Ho nepcneKTHBHOMy fJlaHy Ha FJIaBHOM pyc.ne pexn HaMegaeT-
CA CTpOHTeJIbCTBO 46 OJIOTHH H Ha ee npnTOKax - 24 BOAOXpaHH-
J r-rni. B paAOHax JIeCCOBoro nJlaro HaMegenbi 60JIbulue pa6oTbl no
coxpaHeHHio HOtB OT pa3MblBa H no BOA03aaep}KaHn1o. HOCTpONKa
fJIOTHH aaCT BO3MO)KHOCTb eM{eroaHO IIOJlygaTb OT rHApOCTaHuHf
Ha XyaHx3 OKOJIO 110 MHJTJIHapaOB KHJIOBaTT-gaCOB 3JieKTp03Hep-
rHH, rTO B 10 pas npeBbICHT npOH3BOaCTB0 3JleKTp09HeprHH B
KHTae B 1954 roay. OrpOMHbie paI oHbl 6yAyT 3JIeKTpH(mHUHp0Ba-
Hb1. 1-1pOMbIuiJreHHOCTb, TpaHcnopT H ce.nbCKoe X03RACTBo nOJlygaT
,ieweBy1o 3Heprulo. HJroLgaab oponlaeMblx noJlect yBeJIHgHTCH
c 16,5 MHJIJIHOHa My B HaCTOflnjee BpeMA ao 116 MHJIJIHOHOB My.
B HH KHeM H cpeAHeM TegeHHH peKH pacxoa BOAbI 6yAeT peryJIHpo-
BaTbCH, TTO o6ecneLIHT HOpMaJlbHoe CyaOX0ACTB0. Ho XyaHx3 6y-
AyT KypcnpoBaTb nap0x0Ab1 B .nio6oe BpeMli roaa.
Ho nJiaHy nepBoi o4epe.H cTpoHTeJIbcTBa Ha pee XyaHX3,
pace HTaHHOMy Ha 15 JIeT, npeayCMaTpHBaeTCA CTpoHTeJIbCTBO
rHApOCTaHLIH11 B yLUeJIbAX CaHbMbIHbCH H J1ioLI3ACA. MOLUIHOCTb
CTpOALLIecCA B yweJlbe CaHbMbIHbCA rHApocTanuHH 6yaeT AOCTH-
raTb 0JHoro MHJIJIHOHa KHJIOBaTT. BoaoyaepxcaTeJlbHaA 6eTOHHaA
n.riOTHHa Bb1COTOII 90 McTpoB, coopy}KaeMaH aJIH rHApOCTaHLIHH,
nperpaAHT nyTb pee H o6pa3yeT BoaoxpaHHJIHHIe eMKOCTbIO
36 MHJTJiHapnOB Ky6oMeTpoB. BO BpeMA naBOaKOB 3TO BOaoxpaHH-
JIHIIIe BMeCTHT OKOJIO 65 npoueHTOB BOA XyaHX3.
Ha Tpex rJIaBHbIX npliTOKaX HH)KHerO TegeHHA XyaHX3 npea-
noJIaraeTCH COOpyAHTb BOAOXpaHHJIHLIIa AJIA 3aaep3KaHnH naBOa-
KOBbIX BOA. Bce 9TH MeponpH,9Tns JIHKBHAHPYIOT HaBOaHeHHH B
HH>KHeM TegeHHH peKH.
BOAOXpaHHJrnare CaHbMbIHbCSI 6yaeT CJIy3KHTb OTCTOI'HHKOM
AJIA BOIL XyaHx3, coaep}KaIuHx 6OJIbInOe KoJIHgecTBO nJ1a. HpeKpa-
THTCA 3aLIJIHBaHHe JIM pexn, II Boaa CTaHeT npurOAHOII aJISI fHTbFI.
TaKHM o6pa3oM c6yaeTC51 aaBHHI.UHee Jrce.laHHe HacelIeHH,9 6accell-
Ha XyaHX3 HMeTb 4HCTyIO BOay aJI,9 nHTbH.
HJIaHOM npeayCMaTpHBaeTCA TaK)Ke BO3BeaeHHe KpynHbIX
rHILpoTexHngee,cxHx coopy?Ke,HHH B yIueJlbe Xef ia,Hb (npoBHHuHR
14
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
rsA-oTexHH4eatne CYdOXOAHbte nKHHH
coopy$leHHn He pens nepBOR o4epeAH
BOAOXDSHHAHB4a HA OcHoBHb)e pagoHbt BOAO-
....~~....? ..... > u fO46O3afLD)k5HIM
4-4 nepcneKTHBHbta nnaH peKm
pauoHOB OpoeleHHH
v Mau paIOHOO OPOWe- -" - We"e3mwe SLOW"
HHe nepBOH O4epeAH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
FaHbCy) H B yiuenbe L13HLHH (npOBHHuHH UHHXan). MOuu-ioc b
rHJ[pOCTaHUHH JIIOU3HC5i 6yjeT COCTaBJIATb OAHH MHJIJIHOH KHJIO-
BaTT. IIpoMbini.leIHble npeAnpHSITHH ropoaa n paioxa JIaHb-uKOy
6yuyT no.ly'-IaTb 3JIeKTpO3HeprHIO OT FHApOCTaHUHH JIIOLi3HCSI.
PacLHHpuTCSI fJtoiuaab opomaeMbix 3eMeJIb B HPOBHHUHSiX Faxbcy
H BHYTpeH'HeII MOHrOJIHH. B pe3yJIbTaTe 3THX MepOnpHHTHH
Xyaux3 CTaHeT CyJ[OXOJiHOH Ha 3Hat;HTe0bHOM npOTSIH{eHHH.
Ha pe'Ke SIH! 3bI 3a nocJIeAHHe LHeCTb JIeT npoOBOJ['IIJIHCb 3Ha-
tIHTeJlbHble pa6oTbl no yKpenJIeHHIO AaM6 H C03AaHI4IO BoaoxpaHH-
iinn. TaK, B 1953 roay 6bIJI0 3aKOHqeHO CTpOHTeJIbCTBO f&3HHu3,9H-
CKOrO Bo1[oxpaHHJIHLIZa.
BO BPeMH HaBOJ[HeHHSi 1954 roAa 6bIJIO BbISIBJIeno, TITO BbICOTa
H nPOIIHOCTb aaM6 Ha MHOFHX yTIaCTKaX HeaoCTaTOLIHbI. B CB5I3H
C 3THM B HH}KHeM H cpeJ(HeM TetieHHH S1HU3bI npOH3BOJIHJIHCb pa-
60TbI no yKpenJIeHHIo aaM6 H noAHSITHIO Ha HeKOTOPbIX ytlaCTKax
HX BbICOTbI Ha 100 CaHTHMeTPOB BbILHe MaKCHMaJIbHOI'O YPOBH51
BOAbI, 3aq)HKCHpOBaHH0rO BO Bpe 5i naBoju{a 1954 roAa. fIpH no-
CTpOHKe nJIOTHH H YBeJIHtIeHHH BbICOTbI JiaM6 B CPeAHCM H IHH}KHeM
TetleHHH qHLi3bI 06beM 3eMJI5IHbIX pa60T J[OCTHr 380 MHJIJIHOHOB
Ky6oMeTpoB.
Ha yKpenaleHHe OTKOCOB K)3KHOH u3HHII3HHCKOH AaM6bI a0HHOA
20 KHJIOMeTPOB 6bIJIo yiio}KeHO 230 TbICH4 Ky6oMeTpOB KaMHA.
B 1949 roily BO BpeMSi naBOAKa 6bIJI pa3MbIT yllaCTOK Ha JIeBOM
6epery 51HU3bI, B pafoHe flyKOy, B6JIH314 3KeJIe3HOROpo}KHOH nepe-
nPBBbI HeKHH-fflaHXafICKOH }KeJIe3HO9 aoporpi, a TaK}Ke tIaCTHIIHO
Ha npOTHBOHOJIO}KHOM 6epery, HeAaJieKO OT HaHKHHCKOH 3JIeKTpO-
CTaIILjHH. fIaBOJlKOM 6bIJIH pa3pyLHeHbI EceJIe306eTOHHa5i CBafHa5
npHCTa'Hb m apyrme 6eperoBble COOpy}KeHHH. UJIH JIHKBHJiauHH
nOCJIeJ[CTBHH pa3pyuieHH5I H npeAoxpaHeHHST 6eperoB OT pa3-
MbIBa B 1950 H 1951 roAax 6b1JIH npoBeaeHbi pa60TbI no pery-
JnHpoBaHHio pyc is peKH SIHIj3bi H yKpeHJleHHIO 6e'perOB Ha 3TOM
ytiacTKe.
HIpOH3BeAeHHbIMH HCCJIeAOBaHHSIMH yCTBHOBJIeHO, tiTO pa3pyule-
HHe 6epera BO BpeMH naBORKa B 1949 roay HpOH301HJIO BCJIeACTBHe
HanpaBJieHHOCTH rJIaBHOro TetIeHHSI Ha JIeBbIH 6eper 9Hu3bI. IIo-
cJIe,BHee 06'bHCHSieTCFI o6pa3OBaHHeM oTMeJIH, nepemeALHeH 3aTeM
B OCTPOB BaHLUetlxcoy, HaxoA5imHHCn Ha rIYTH rJIaBHOrO Telie-
HHSi peKH.
B pe3yJibTaTe nPOBeJ(eHHbIX RHoyrJIy6HTeJIbHbIX pa6oT OCTpOB
Baimmetlxcoy 6bIJl yHHtITo}KeH. HpHtleM 6bIJI0 3aMetleHo, 'ITO no Mepe
pa3pylneIIHH 6eperoB 3TOrO OCTpOBa OH CTaJI pa3MbIBaTbC5I Tetle-
HIIeM peKH, tITO CHOCO6CTBOBaJIO COKpameHHiO o6-beMa lHoyrJny6H-
TeJIbHbIX pa60T. 3'a aBa roAa 3eMJIellepnaJlKaMH BbIHYTO 21 MHJI-
JIHOH Ky6oMeTpOB rpyHTa. 3a 3T0 }Ke BpeMA JtJISI YKpenJIeHHH H
BaMOnieHHSI 6epera OTCbInaHO OKOJIO 180 TbIC5M Ky6OMeTpOB KaMHS1.
YcTpoexa 6epero3aHu-THa5I LHnopa (6yna) JiJIHI-IOH oxo.no 480 MeT-
POB i3--npoBeJLexbI pyre 6eperoyxpenHTeJIbIIble pa6oTbl.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
CTpOHTCJIbCTBO nOpTOB
BOTIbuIOe BHHMaHHe B HapO1aHOM KHTae yaenfteTCSI CTpOHTeJIb-
CTBy I1OpTOBbIX coopy}KeHHri H C03J aHHIO Cy1(OXOJZHbIX yCJIOBHr3 Ha
pexax H KaHaJIax CTpaHbI.
17epBbIM nHTHJIeTHHM I1JIaHOM pa3BHTHH HapOJIHOrO X03SIHCTBa
KHTa5i npeayCMaTpHBaeTCA pa3BHTHe BOI(HorO TpaHCnopTa.
B 1957 rouy rpy30Bbie nepeB03KH no cpaBHeHHlo c 1952 roAoM
Bo3paCTyT: Ha petIHOM TpaHCI1OpTe - B 4,2 pa3a, Ha MOPCKOM -
B 2,9 pa3a. .LJJISI o6ecneveHHH BbInOJIHeHHH nJlaHa pa3BHTHH BO1I-
HOrO TpaHCnOPTa Heo6xo wMa ero KOpeHHaH nepeCTporlKa.
AO OCB06o)KaeHHH CTpaHbI OT o6aHKpoTHBHIerocR noJiy(4eo-
AaJIbHoro pe}KHMa roMnHaaHa H nOJIyKOJIOHHaJIbHOH 3aBHCHMOCTH
OT HHOCTpaHHOrO KanHTaJIa CyJLOXOACTBO B KHTae o6CJIy3KHBaJIOCb
B OCHOBHOM HHOCTpaHHbIMH napoxouaMH. O6un TOHHa}K TaKH)
CyAOB CoCTaBJISIJI 6oniee 1200 TbIC. 6pyTTO-perHCTpoBbIX TOHH, TO-
rAa KaK TOHHa}K co6CTBeHHO KHTaRCKHX napoxouoB COCTaBJIH.
Bcero 330 TbIC. 6pyTTO-perHCTpOBbIX TOHH.
HoaaMfflo uee 6OJIbIUHHCTBO 3arpaHHLIHbIX nepeBO30K ocylue-
CTBJIHJIOCb TaK}Ke HHOCTpaHHbIMH napoxoAaMH. E?KeroAHbIII o6'beM
HX COCTaBJISIJI OKOJIO 45 MJIH. TOHH.
BoJIbmmo i yJ eJIbHbIIi Bec HHOCTpaHHOro KanHTaJIa B 3KOHOMHKe
KHTacI HBJIHJICH TOpM030M AJISi c03AaHHH OTeqeCTBeHHoro peqHOrO
H MOpCKOrO (JJIOTa.
3aTft)KHaH OCBo6olHTeJIbHaH BOHHa npOTHB SIHOHCKOTO HMne-
pHaJIH3Ma H pe}KHMa IhH Karl-IUn OTpa3aJIaCb Ha C3AOXOJLCTBe H
COCTOHHHH nOPTOBOPO X0351ACTBa CTpaHbI. TIpn OTCTynJIeHHH SinoH-
ubI pa3pyIHHJIH B nopTaX CKJlaRCKHe H npHTiaJIbHble coopy?KeHHx.
BoJIbmmaSI YaCTb (pJIOTa 6bIJIa yrHaHa Ha TaI3Baub HJIH 3aTOnJIeHa
rOMHH1[aHOBuaMH npn Iix 6er-TBe c KOHTHHeHTa.
JJIaBHble MOPCKHe H pe'iHble nOPTbI HaXOAHJIHCb B pyxax
HHOCTpaHueB, TaMO)KHH KOHTPOJInpOBaJIa 3KCHOPT H HMBOPT KnTaSI.
11OPTOB, B HaHieM nOHHMaHHH, KaK KOMHJIeKCHOi3 OpraHH3O-
BaHHOri eAHHHUbI, He 6bIJi0. To o6CT05ITeJIbCTBO, MTO nOpTbl npH-
HaAJie}KaJIH tiaCTHbIM JIHuaM, TaK)Ke HaJIo}KHJIo CBOT OTneqaTOK Ha
nOpTOBble coopyxceHHH. HanpHMep, pa3Meuienne npmiaJibxoro
(ppOHTa 3aBHceJIo OT BJIaJLeJlbua npnqaJla, a nO3TOMy B nOpTax
He 6bIJIO cTpororo pacnpeaeJieHHH npMTaJIOB no poAy H xapaKTe-
py rpy3oB.
BJia,aeJlbubl npa aJiOB cTpeMHJIHCb noJIyt.IHTb no60JIbuIe npH-
6blJierI, J a}Ke 3a CYeT HHTeHCHBHOH 3KcnJiyaTauun nOpTOBbIX CoOpy-
)KeHHrI. BOJIbUIHHCTBO npHLIaJIbHbIX coopy}KeHHH, ROKOB, CTaneaecf
H CKJIaACKHX nOMeujeHHH Tpe60BaJiO KanHTaJIbHOrO peMOHTa HJIH
nOJIHOH peKOHCTpyKUHH.
B TaKOM COCTOHHHH 6bIJIO nOpTOBoe X035TRCTBo KHTaSI K MOMeH-
Ty o6pa3oBaHHR KHTaf cxorl Hapouxocl Pecny6JiHKH.
L1JIft petueHnn 60JIbIUHX 3aJ(a'i, CTOSIBHIHX neper. HapO1[HbIM XO-
35ir1CTBOM CBo60)THOFO KHTaST, 6bIJIO Heo6XO)JHMO npOBeCTH PIIA
opraHH3auiOHHbIX MepOnpHSITHII. BO,I(Hble HYTH COO6IUCHHH 6bIJIH
17
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246A034000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
nepeaaabi B Be11eHHe BHOBb opraHH30BaHHoro ueHTpaJlbHOrO MHHH-
CTepCTBa KOMMyHHKauHI1 KHTa1CKOH Hapouaoii Pecny6.nHKH.
MIIHHCTepCTBO KOMMyHHKaUHH 6bIJIO COBepIIIeHHO HOBOH opra-
HH3auHe11 B HaPOAHOM KHTae, a n03TOMy Ha nePBbIX nopax CBOerO
CyI1IeCTBOBaHH5i caMO Hy)KA.aJIOCb B FIOMOH.IH.
9Ty IOMOMb B opraHH3aUHH MHHHCTepCTBa OKa3aJIH COBeTCKHe
cneuxaJnHCTbI. B 1950-1951 roaax npH Hx coaefiCTBHH 6bIJ1 co3JZain
UeHTPaJIbHbIN annapaT MHHHCTepCTBa KOMMYHHKaUHH H ero JIHHefI-
Hwe 3KCnJIyaTau.HOHHble H CTPOHTeJlbHbie OpraHH3auHH B nOPTax,
Ha [1PHCTaH5iX H CTpOHTeJIbHbix nJloaLaAKax.
1-1HTb FJIaBIiblX IIOPTOB KHTafl - UaJlbHHH, TSIHbu3HHb, 11HH,1ao,
IUaHXaH H KaHTOH - 6bIJIH nOJ14HHeHb1 [UeHTpaJlbHOMy MHHHCTep-
CTBa KOMMyHHKaUHH. CyAOXOaCTBO no 5IHU3bl H CyarapH TaK}Ke
6buulo nepexaHO B BeaeHHe 3TOr0 MHHHCTepCTBa.
CyaOXOACTBO Ha apyFHX peKax KHTafl H OCTaJIbHble fOPTbI 6bIJIH
noa4HHeHbI npOBHHuHaJIbHbIM MHHHCTepCTBaM KOMMyHHKaLHH,
peopraHH30BaHIIbIM Bn0'CJIeACTBHH B aenapTaMeHTbI.
OAHOBpeMeHHO C OpraHH3aILHOHHbIMH MepOnpHATHHMH npHCTy-
nHJIH K BOCCTaHOBJIeHHK) pa3pyHleHHbIX coopyxceHHH H BOBO'OMy
CTpOHTeJIbCTBy Ha BO'1HOM TpaHCnopTe.
Haga.IHCb pa60Tbl no O4HCTKe KaHaJIOB H cpapBaTepOB peK,
nOa"beMy 3aTOnJIeHHbIX H CTpOHTeJIbCTBy HOBbIX CyaOB, BO00TaHOB-
J1eHFuo H CTpOHTeJlbCTBy MOPCKHX H pe4HbIX nOpTOB.
B CTap0M KHTae CTPOHTeJlbCTBO nOpTOB npOBOaHJIOCb HHOCTpaH-
HbIMH gmpMaMH H Co6CTBeHHbIX KaAPOB CTpOHTeJIeH 6bIJIO MaJIO.
F109TOMy MHHHCTepcTBO KOMMyHHKaUHH C nepBOrO aH 1 CBoel pa6o-
Tbl npHCTyrIHJ10 K nOarOTOBKe KaapoB.
Pa3BHTHe npoMblIIIJIeHHOCTH H Ce.TIbCKOrO X0351HCTBa B KHTaH-
CKOH Hapoxllofl Pecny611HKe BbI3BaJI0 yBeJIH4eHHe nepeB030K ?1O
pexaM FI MOpCKHM nyTHM, CBfl3bIBaIoujHM KHTafl c apyrHMH CTpa-
HaMH. 9TOMy cnoco6CTBOBaJIH TaK)Ke TeCHble apy)KeCTBeHHbie OT-
HOHIeHHH HapOAHoro KHTafl C COBeTCKHM C01030M, CTpaHaMH
HapOzHOH .eMOKpaTHH H HeKOTOPbIMH KanHTaJIHCTH4eCKHMH
CTpaHaMH.
B npOUIJ!OM BHyTpeHHHe BOaHble nYTH Coo6njeHHSI, nPH c.la6ofi
pa3BHTOCTH CeTH )KeJ1e3HbIX j opOr, HMeJIH orpOMHoe 3Ha4eHHe, T1K
KaK OHH HBJIAJIHCb OCHOBHbIMH CpeaCTBaMH CBH3H OTaaJIeHHb1X
pacOHOB C aaMHHHCTpaTHBHbIMH, npOMbIUIJIeHHbIMH H KyJlbTypHbl-
MH ueHTpaMH CTpaHbl. B HaCTOAluee BpeMA, BCJIeAOTBHe o6wero
noabeMa HapOAHOrO X039NCTBa, KOMnjIeKCHOrO HCfOJIb30BaHHA
BOLIHbIX pecypCOB H rpaHAHO3HOr0 npOMbIHIJIeHHoro CTpOHTeJlbCTBa,
3Ha4eHHe BOxIHbIX nyTefl aim KHTafl ewe 60JIbuIe B03pOCJIO.
BocCTaHOBHTeJIbHbIfl nepHOA Ha BOaIIOM TpaHCnOpTe 3aKOH4HJI-
C51 B 1953 roay, T. e. K Ha4aJIy nepBOH HATHJIeTKH pa3BHTHA
[iapOAHOro X03HHCTBa KHTaicKON Hapoaaoi Pecny6JIHKH.
CeNiac 0006eHHO CHJIbHO pa3BHBaeTC51 pe4Hoe Cya0XOACTBO.,
B 1957 roay 06beM TOBapHbIX nepeB030K n0 B11TpeHHHM BOaHbIM
nyTHM cTpaabl yBeJIH'HTCH HpOTHB 1952 roaa B 4,2 pa3a Ii ao-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
CTHrHeT 15 MHJIJIHap1(OB 300 MHJIJIHOHOB TOHHO-KHJIOMeTpOB,
a o6'beM nacCa}KHPCKHX nepeB030K AOCTnrHeT 3400 MHJIJIHOHOB
4eJIOBeKO-KHJIOMeTPOB, HJIH 6yaeT nOqTH Ha 79 npoueHTOB 6oJIbme,
4eM B 1952 roAy. 06bbeM MOpCKHX TOBap;HbIX nepeB030K HaMe4eH
B 5 MHAJIHapAoB 750 MHJIJIHOHOB TOHHO-MHJIb, T. e. B 2,9 pa3a
6OJlble, 4eM B 1952 roay? rlaccaiKHOe 3Ha9euiie
9TOMy pacOHy, 51fOH11bl B 1938 may 3a1[yMaJIH I1OCTpOI1'Tb B6JIH3H
Taffy HOBblli nOpT, 4epe3 KOTOpbla npeiwo.naraJlii BbIBO3HTb H3
PHC. 5. CxeMa pacnonoxceHH orpa,aHTenbHbrx H npH9aJlbrlbIx
coopymeHHH nopTa CHHbF3H:
1 - npHCTaHb; 2 - ceBepHbIBI Mon; 3 - IO}HHbIFI MOJI; 4 - Iunopa;
5 - MOJlbI, npoeHTHpyeMble H CTPOHTeJIbCTBY BO BTOPYIO oyepeAb;
6 - nOAXOAHb11I HaHaJl.
KMTac yrOJlb, xiie6 H(7Apyrne rpy3bl, a BBO3HTb B KHTaf npoMbIIII-
J7eHHyio npouyxuH1O /1n0HHH. OJwaKO HM He y iaJIOCb OCy111eCTBHTb
CBOH 3aMb1CJlb1, H HagaToe CTPOHTeJ1bCTBO nopTa 6bIJIO npeKpali(eHO.
51nOHUbI nOCTpOHJIH JIHll1b 4aCTb OrpaaHTeJIbHbIX COOpy KeHHIi
(ceBepHoro H IO)KHOrO M'OJIOB) Jjo r.Iy6HHbI 3-3,5 McTpa, McJIKO-
BOIjHy1O npHCTaiHb H He60JIbIUoe KOJ1HqeCTBOe BCnoMO'raTeJIbHbIX
IIOPTOBbtX coopy}KeHHFi.
Ao nOCTp01KH nopTa CHHbraH MOPCKHe napoxoab!, npHxoAHB-
HIHe H3-3a rpaiHHllb1, pa3rpy>KaJIHCb B OTKpbITOM Mope (B6JIH3H
.Lary-Bapa) Ha McJIKOCHi HH1He peEIHbie cyaa, KOTOpble nepeBO31i-
JIH 3TH rpy3bl no Xalix3 B THHbU3HHb. O4eHb liaCTO H3-3a WTOp-
MOBOIi noro bl 6biJIO HeBO3MO)KHO pa3rpy3HTb MOPCKHe cyaa, H
OHM, nPOCTOHB 10-15 AHeii y Aary-Bapa, yxouHJIH B apyroii nopT.
B CBH3H C pa3BHTHeM HHAYCTpHaJIH3aUHH CTPBHbI H pacHlHpe-
HHeM BHeHIHec TOproBJ-H, HaJIH4He nopTa B BoxacCKOM 3ar lBe,
Heaa.neKO OT CTOJIH1jb1 KHTaH - 1-leKMHa, HMeeT AJIH KHTalicKolH
Hap01IH011 Pecny6JIHKH 6oJlbwloe 3HateHMe.
3aaaga CTpOHTeJIbCTBa nopTa CHHbraH 6blJla Tpy2IHOIi. KHTaIi-
?CKHe HH}KeHepbl BnepBble BeJIH nOpTOBoe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO, TaK KaK
pallbiile COOpy}KeHHeM TOPTOB 3aH11MaJ-MCb B OCHOBHOM HHOCTpaH-
Hble CneuHaJIMCTbI.
flopT CHHbraH HBJIHeTCH npHJIMBHbIM, KoJle6aHHe YPOBHe1 jo-
XOAHT AO 4,5 McTpa.
BBHJjy KOPOTKHX CpoKOB, HBMetieHHbIX HaPOJjHbIM npaBHTeJlb-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
CTBOM KHTag jJ ii i CTpOHTeJIbCTBa riop a CHHbraH, He06Xo11HMO
6bIJIO npHHHMaTb TaKHe KOHCTpyKTHBHble pelueHHH, KOTOpble n03BO-
JIHJIH 6b1 OCyUueCTBHTb IIYCK nopTa B 3KcnJiyaTaL1H[O B 3aJ1aHHb[e
-CpOKH.
MOpCKHe rIpHJIHBHble nOpTbl, pacnOJ10}KeHHb[e B yCTbBX peK, KaK
fpaBHJIO, rioaiBep}KeHbI 6OJIbLL['o11 3aHOCHMOCTH, a yCTbeBble IIOpTbI
KHTaB - B oco6eHHOCTH. PeKa Xa13X3, B yCTbe KOTOpoi pacIIo-
JIO}KeH nOPT CHHbraH, KaK y}Ke ynoMHHaJIOCb, HeCeT MHOI'O B3Be-
cueHHb[X HJIHCTbIX 4acTHu, OTJlaraioLwHxc5I npH BbIXOJ1e 9 Mope.
I1oc ie BbIHOCa B3BeLHeHHbIX HJIHCTbIX HaHOCOB B mope 4aCTb HX
?oTKJIaAbIBaeTCH Ha 11HO, a 4aCTb nepeMeiuaeTCS[ IIPH IIPHJIHBC B
nOPT. OCo6eHHo MHOrO HJIa HeCeT Xagx3 B nepmoa nOJIOBOAbH.
Ho nepBOHa4aJIbHbIM HccJIeAOBaHHSIM, OpHeHTHpOBOgHaH 3aHO-
CHMOCTb a'KBaTopHH IIOpTa CH'HbraH Ha r1JIoII.1a11H OKOJIO 20 KBaA-
PaTHbIX KHJIOMeTpOB H MOpCKOI1 4aCTH KaHaJia aJIHHOR OKO.1O
14 KHJIOMeTpOB 6biJ[a rIOpHAKa 4-5 MHJIJIHOHOB Ky6oMeTpOB B rOA,
4T0 COCTaBJIHeT 20-25 npoueHTOB OT o6'beMa nepBOHagaJlbHOi1
Bb[eMKH.
,aJIiH 3aiuwrbI a'KBaTOPHH nOpTa H MOpCKO11 1aCTH KaHaiia OT
3aHJIeHHH B npoeKTe 6bIJIa np'e11yCMOTpeHa AOCTpOi1Ka ABYX
orpa}KJ(aiouuHx MOJIOB (ceBep-Haro H IO)KHoro). rHoABO11Hag 4acTb
9THX MOJIOB, KaK y}Ke yfOMHHaJIOCb, HaXOAHJIaCb Ha rJIy6HHe 3-
3,5 McTpa, 4TO He npenHTCTBOBaJIO 3aIiJIeHHJo.
Heo6xojiHMo 6bIJIo yBeJIH4HTb nOABOAHy10 4aCTb MOJIOB AO
8-8,5 McTpa, 4TO H 6biJio npeayCMOTpeHO nepBOHa'aJIbHbIMH
npoeKTa'MH CTpoHTeJrbCTBa nOpTa CHHbraH. ~JJISI 9T0rO Q1Y}K'HO
6bIJIO YJIO}KHTb 60J[ee 800 Tb1CSi4 Ky60MeTpOB 6eTOHHbIX MaccHBOB
H OTCbInaTb HeCKOJIbKO COT TbICH4 Ky6OMeTpoB KaMeHHOII Ha-
6pocKH.
BbinOJIHHTb TaKO11 60JIbLn0I3 o6beM pa6oT 3a no.nropa roAa
6bIJIO HeBO3MO)KIHO. rIO3TOMy KHTai3CKHe HH}KeHe'pbI peI1IHJIH He 3a-
llep}KHBaTb IIyCK 11OpTa B 9KCnJiyaTauHIO H3-3a CTPOHTeJIbCTBa MO-
JIOB, a 6opb6y C 3a,HOCHMOCTblo KaHajia H aKBaTOpHH nOpTa BECTH
nyTeM e}KeroAHbIX 3eMJIelepnaTeJlbHbIX pa60T. K TaKHM McTOAaM
60pb6bl C 3aHOCH'MOCTbIO 4aCTO npl6eraloT B npaKTHKe fOpTOBOrO
CTpOHTeJIbC'IPBa, oco6eHHo, eciiH no'pT pa'cnoJ[araeT AOCTaPO4HbI'M
3eMJIe4epnaTeJIbHbIM ipJIOTOM. TaKHM C4JIOTOM nOpT CHIHbraH pac-
nonaraJi.
I'ICXO,aSI H3 TeXHH4ecKI1X BO3MO}KHOCTe11 H Aei1CTBHTe.11bHSIX
YCJIOBHf, CTpOHTeJIbCTBo nopTa CHHbraH 6bIJI0 HaMeLeHO iIPOH3BO-
AHTb B JLBe o4epeAH.
K pa6oTaM nepBOi1 o4epeAH 6bIJIH oTHeceHbI: nOCTpOI1Ka IIIeCTH
rJIy6OKOBOJ1HbIX npugaJ[o'B J1J151 CyAOB BOJIOH3'MeL11eHHeM 10 TbI-
C514 TOHH, JIHOYI'JIy6JIeHHe aKBaTOpHH, YCTpo11CTBO KaHaJIa, P.O-
CTpO11Ka CKJIa4OB, fOA-be3JLHbIX ?KeJIe3HOA0pO}KHbIX nyTei H aBTO-
AoporH, BOCCTBHOBJIeHHe pa3pyuu[eHHbIX y4aCTKOB orpa}Kaaionuix
MOJIOB H aOCTPOIIKa HX JLO rJIy6HHbI 4 McTpOB, BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe H
peKOHCT'pyxuHSI IHJI103a, COeAHHSnoLuero aKBaTOPHIO nOpTa c peKOH
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Xaix3 H npeuxa3HaYeHHoro AJis npOBOAKH CYAOB IIepe3 nopT
CHHbraH B XaKx3.
K pa6oTaM BTOpOH ollepeAH OTHOCHJIHCb yBeJiHIIeHHe noLLBOA-
HOH IIacTH orpaAHTeJIbxbIX MOJIOB C aOBeaeHHeNl HX uo rJIy6H1Ib!
8-8,5 McTpa, CTpOHTeJIbCTBO HOBbIX Ha6epe}KHbIX AJIA pa3BIITHA
npHIIaJIbnOrO cppOHTa H apyrme pa60TbI no pacuinpeHHIo nopTa.
fIpH npOeKTHpOBaHHH cTpoHTeJIbcTBa npHqajio nepBOH o'1epe-
AH 6blJIo peuIIeHO HCnOJIb30BaTb MEJIKOBOAHY10 nptIClailb Il,,IHHOIt
700 McTpOB, nepeCTponB ee Ha TJI'y6OKOBOAHyIO (pHe. 6). McJIKo-
PHC. 6. CXeMa KOHCTPYKUH14 nPH'IaJIbHOIf Ha6epe}KHOH
B HOPTY CHHbrali:
1 - McTaJIJIHYeCKHO HiIlyHT; 2 - ?KCJIe306eTOHHbIIi HIHyHT;
3 - JjepeBHHHbie CBaIi; 4 - 6eTOHHasi HaJ{BOgHaa CTeHKa;
5 - aHKepHbie THPH, yCTaHOBJIeHHbie go peEOHCTpyHL1,HH;
6 - BTOpoO pig aHKepHbIX TiIP, yCTBHOBJIBHHbIX B HepHoa
pe1OHCTpylL,HH; 7 - 2ReJIe3o6eTOHHbie HO3KOCHble CBaH.
Bo1(HaH npHCTaxb 6blJla HOCTpoexa paHee AJig Xo3AI'ICTBe6TIIhIX one-
pauHH Ha nepHOA CTpOHTeJIbCTBa AJIA CYROB BoJ.toH3NIeweHHeM
3 TbICAIIH TOHH. npoeKTHBA rJIy6HHa y npHCTaHH 5,5-6 McTpoB.
(DaKTHIIeCKaH r.iy6HHa OKOJIO 2 McTpOB. PeKOHCTpYKUHA 3TOH npH-
CTaHH 6bIJIa npOH3BCJIeHa nyTeM YCTaHOBKH n0A BOAOH BTOpOrO
pAAa aHKepHbIX TAr, IITO yBeJIHIIHBaJio ee yCTOHIIHBOCTb H npo'I-
HOCTb H n03BOJIHJIO yrJIy6HTb aKBaTOPH1O y npHCTaHH 1[O OTMeTKH
8,5 McTpa. fOCTaHOBKa aHKepOB aHaMCTpOM 60 MHJIJIHMeTpOB fibula
ocyiueCTBJieHa c 6epera nyTeM HaKJIOHHOI'o npOAaBJIHBaHHA CKBO3b
rpyHT. UJI5I 3TOH ueJIH Me}KJ[y aHKepHOH on0'pHOFI CTeHKOH H Ha6e-
pe}KHOii YCTpaHBaJIaCb TpaHlueA, H3 KOTOpOH npOH3BOJIHJIOCb npo-
aaBJIHBaiHHe HJIH 3a6HBKa aHKepHbIX TAI-. OTBCpCTHA AJIA HX npo-
nyCKa Iiepe3 McTaJIJIHIIecKHH IIInyHT npope3ajIHCb BOAOJIa3aMH fOA
BOAOH.
BTOpOH, He McHee TpyfHOH, 3aJ(alie1 ABHJIOCb yrjiy6JIeHHe aKBa-
TOpHH nOpTa H yCTpOHCTBO MOpCKOrO KaxaJia. Pa60TbI no aHO-
yrJIy6JIeHHto npOH3BOAHJIHCb 7 HeCaMOXOAHbIMH 3eMJIecocaMH C pa3-
pbIXJIHTeJIHMH, Ka}KAbIH npOH3BOJ[HTeJIbHOCTbIO 300-350 'Ky6o-
24
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO340000600
McTPOB rpyHTa B 4ac. Ha yCTpOKCTBe MOPCKOrO KanaJia pa-
60TaJIO TpH CaMOXOAHbIX 3eMJlecoca, npOH3BOJZHTeJIbHOCTbIo no
600-800 Ky6oMeTpOB rpyHTa B 4aC H 3eMJIecoc
(KeH B r.uy60KOI3OaHoAI 6yxTe, HMeK)uiell BbICTynaIOIUHII
MbIC, a TaK)Ke HCKyCCTBeHHbII1 MOJI H BOJIHOJIOM, KOTOpble 3aUIH-
wa1OT aKBaTOPHIO nOpTa OT BOJIH, 6JlaroaapH qeMy B nopry MOryT
OTCTaH,BaTbCA cyJja B JI106yio IIITOpMOBy10 norojjy (pHc. 7).
LIpH,iaJIbI Tpex nHpCOB
npeaCTaBJIAfOT C060Ii BbICOKHIT
pocTBepK Ha aepeB51HHbIX CBa-
Ax, c nepeaHeli ace.Iie3o6e-
TOHHOI3 IIInyHTOBOIII CTeHKOII.
LLInyHT He H-BJIAeTC,9 Hecy-
iaei KOHCTpyKUHec1, a npeJlHa-
3HaueH JIJIA yJlep)KaHHA neC9a-
HOII 3aCbInKH, npeaoxpaHAlo-
a ujell e e
JI
Hc. xeMaTHqecKHH nJIaH
npxvanoB nopra LjHazao.
F --b It: CBaH OT pa3-
pymenH5i HX MOPCKHMH apeBO-
T04uaMH, o6HTaIOuiHMH B
60JIbLUOM KO.RH9eCTBe B }KeJI-
TOM Mope (pHc. 8).
Ha aepeB2HHbIX CBaRX
yCTpoeH 6eTOHHb1I1 pOCTBepK
,
TOJ1IUHHON OKOJIO 02HOrO McTpa. FoJIOBbi CBaII CB513aHbI I.IIBeJIJIe-
paMH, ABJIAK)IIjHMHCA KapKacoM pocTBepKa. Ha pocTBepKe ycTpoe-
Ha HaJIBOJIHas nojlnopHas CTeHKa C KoHTp(j)OpCaMH. RepeaHHIf
3Ke.Ie3O6eTOH,HbII uinyHT HMeeT }KeCTKyI0 apMaTypy H3 I1PBeJIJIepoB.
LIpH4aJIbI nHPCOB TaKOI1 KOHCTpyKIjHH CyuieCTByloT 6o,nee
50 JIeT. IIJIOXON npHCMOTp H OTCyTCTBHe Ha6JIIoaeHHN 3a yfOBHeM
Bepxa necgaxoli 3aCbIBKH 3a UInyHTOBOII CTeHKOII npHBeJIH K TOMy,
'ITO rieco CTaJi yHOCHTbCA B Mope Yepe3 nOBpe}KILeHHbie na3bi
UInyHTOBOII CTeHKH, 06Ha71CHJIHCb r0JIOBbI aepeBHHHbIX CBaI', BCJieJI-
CTBHe uero Co3AaJIHCb 6JlaronpH54THble yCJIOBHA JIJIA JIOCTyna K
o6Ha}KeHHbIM YaCTAM CBaH MOPCKHX apeBOTotlueB. 3TO o6cTOATeJIb-
CTBO LI HBeJIO K pa3pylieHHlo noCJIeJIHHMH roJIOB JlepeBAHHb1X CBaI3.
KpoMe Toro, BO BMA rpa)KJIaHCK0c BOaHbI B6JIH3H npHga.ioB
npOH3OIIIJIH B3pbIBbI CHapnjiOB, n0BpeaHBiuHe HaJIBOJIHyK) CTeHKy.
BCJIe.gCTBHe 3Toro JIBa npugaiia BbIIHJIH H3 CTPOA, a s pyrue
npHUIJIH B TaKOe COCTOHHHe, LITO HX HCHOJIb3OBaHHe 6bIJIO orpa-
HHqeHO.
B BoJIbuIOII ra3aHH nopTa
HMeeTCH nATb HHPCOB H JIBe
Ha6epe}KHble, K KOTOpbIM MO-
ryT npagajIHBaTb rJIy6oKOCH-
,i[HIIiHe MOPCKHe Cyjja.
Ko.,7e6aHHe yp0BHH BOAbi BO
BpeMA npHJIHBa H 0TJIHBa OKO-
- .no 5 McTpOB.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Ilepe1 peuieHHeM Bonpoca o cnoco6e BOCCTaHOBJleHHH pa3py-
IueHHbtX H HOBpeN l HHbIX npH4aiioB npOH3BeJIH AeTaJIbHOe HccJie-
AOBaHHe HX cJaKTH4eCKOrO COCTOHHH51. -
B pe3yJlbTaTe HccJie1LoBaHHN yCTaHOBHJIH CTerleHb rlOBpeMK1IeHHR
AepeBAHHbIX CBaFI MOPCKHMH ApeBOTO4uaMH. Ha pHc. 9 nOKa3a'Ha
rOJloea fOBpe>KaeHHOFI CBaH.
BbIJlo pa3pa6oTaHO 4eTblpe BapHaHTa BOCCTaHOBJIeHHA npH4a-
JIOB: 1) yCTPONCTBO OTOp04KH H3 McTaJIJIH4eCKoro LHnyHTa,
2) YCTPONCTBO OTOpO4KH H3 MKeJ1e3o6eTOHHbIX CBaii, 3) coopyxceHHe
Ha6epeNKHOFI H3 6eTOHHbIX 'MaCCHBOB Bnepeu i cyLuecTByiouLert
H 4) BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe McTOAOM nOUBO.4Horo 6eTOHIIpOBaHHA.
143 Bcex nepe4HCJIeHHb1X BapHaHTOB HaH60JIee 3KOHOMH4HbIM
6bIJI f0CJieJIHH13 - BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe npH4aJIOB McT01IOM f0 BO,LHOI'O
PHc. 8. KoHCTpyxuH npn'anoB
B nOPTy UHuiao:
1 - Nfene3o6eToHHb1i1 WnyHT; 2 -
AepeBaHHaB cBan; 3 - HaABoAHasi
GeTOHHaJ CTeHHa.
mom
PHc. 9. ronoBa
noBpekcneHHoi
CBaH.
6eTOHHPOBaHH5T. 9TOT McT01I LIIHPOKO HCnOJTb30BaJIC5T B COBeTCKO&f
C0103e npH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH MHOrHX Ha6epeMKHblX, pa3py11leHHbIX
BO BpeM 1 BTOPON MHPOBON BONHbI.
Pa60Tbi n0 BOCCTaHOBJIeHH1O Ha6epe)KHOY( 3aK.11IO4aJJHCb B yua
JTeHHH nec aHOFI 3aCbI'nK'H, nOaBOAHOM 6PTOHHpOBaHHH. BO00TaHOB-
JIeHHH 6eTOHHON HaABOAHON CTeHKH H 6JiarOyCTpONCTBe TeppHTO-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
prig npaTiajiOB. CHaLIajia BOCCTaHOBHJIH n. a npmia.na, a 3aTeM n'pH-
CTyHHJIH K BOCCTaH BJIeHHIO eiue TleTblpex npHLIaJIOB. Hcno.lb3ySl
OnbIT COBeTCKOrO Col03a no nO1[BOJ[HOMy 6eTOHHpOBaHH10, KHTaI3-
CKHe HH>KeHepbI H pa6oLIHe 6LICTPO OCBOHJIH 3TOT McTOJj HpoH3BOJJ-
CTBa pa6oT.
Ha pHc. 10 HpHBeuena CxeMa BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH Ha6epe}KnoN
'MeTO,aOM fOJI;BOJ HO'ro 6eT0HHpoBaHH5i.
PHc. 10. CxeMa BoccTaHOBJieHH T npneaJIbnor4 Ha-
6epe}cHOLi B HOf Ty UHHJJao McTOAOM HOaBOJIHoro
6eTOHHpOBanH5i:
1 - mene3o6eTOHHbIB HInyHT; 2 - HaABOAHaH cTeHKa;
BpeMeHHbIB AepeBRHHbIB HTnyHT; 4 - yCTaHOBHa
A.'IR nOABOAHOro 6eTOHHpoBaHHR gepe3 BepTHFcaJIbHyIO
Tpy6y; 5- nOABOAHbIH 6eToH.
CJie,lye-r OTMeTHTb, LITO paHbile fOJZBOAHOe 6eTOHHpOBaHHe B
KHTae He npHMeHSIJIOcb. r103TOMy Ha McCTe 6bIJIH npOBeaeHbI HC-
cnegoBaTeJIbcKHe pa60Tbi no noji.6opy COMM 6eTOHa, y) oBJIeTBO-
psllo uerO Tpe60BaHH51M nPOTIHOCTH H O,aHOBpeMeHHO npOHHKaeMO-
CTH B Hero KOHua Tpy6bl.
H3ytJeHHe H nOJl60p COCTaBa 6eTOHa fPOBO11;HJIHCb B Jla6opaTO-
pHH, a 3aTeM Ha OnbITHbIX yLIaCTKaX. B nepBOe BpeMSI, H3-3a TOI'O,
qTO HPHMeHHJIH KPynH03epHHCTbIfI neCOK, He yaaBaJIOCb CO3J(aTb
6eTOHHylO npo6Ky H BOaa npOPbIBaJiacb B Tpy6y, Tiepe3 KOTOPYIO
nO,gBBaJICA 6eTOH. 1-1OCJie Toro KaK AJIA HpHroToBJIeHHSI 6eTOHa
HaTiaJIH HCn0JIb3oBaTb TOT )Ke necOK, HO C ao6aBKOR K HeMy
15% McJIK03epHHCTOrO, HHSKHHI{ KOHeIJ. Tpy6bl, Tlepe3 KOTOPYIO n0-
J aBa.ncx 6eTOH B coopyxcellHe, Jierxo norpyx~a.ncci Ha 70-100 caH-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 tized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO34000060001-7
THMeTPOB B nOABOAHbII%I 6eTOH H npOpbIBbI BOAbI B Tpy6y 6bIJIH
JIHKBHAHpOBaHbI.
flpH H3rOTOBJIeHHH 6eTOHa aLJIH nOJLBOJLHbIX coo-py)KeHHH npH-
McHHJICH HIJIaKOBbIII nOpTJIaHA-geMeHT C HaLiaJioM CxBaTbIBaHH I
4-5 LIacOH, a B KaqeCTBe KpylHOrO 3anOJIHHTeJIH - rpa'BH'K.
B 3TOM xce nopry 6bIJIa noCrpoella npHLIaJIbxaH Ha6epe}KHaH
H3 6eTOHHbIX MaCCHBOB, npOH3BeAeH KanHTaJIbHbIII peMOHT H yCH-
JieHHe MOJIa, npOBeijeHbl AHoyrJIy6HTeJIbHbre pa60TbI H npHCTyn-
JIeHO K CTpOHTeJIbCTBY HOBOTO MOJIa AJIH 3aMI4TbI OAHOI3 H3 6yxT
OT,BOJIHeHHA.
nOpT TSIHbg3HHb, SIBJIHIOHjHHCH OJ HHM H3 KPynHbIX MOPCKHX
nOPTOB CeBepHoro KHTaH, paCnOJIO}KeH Ha pee Xaf x3, Ha pac-
CTOSIHHH OKOJio 80 KHJIOMeTPOB OT BHaJI HHH ee B BoxaicKHH
3aJIHB.
BCJIe4CTBHe McJIKOBOJWOCTH Xai-1x3 MOPCKHe cyaa He MOrJIH
3aXOAHTb HefOCpeACTBeHHO B 'nopT THIIIbg3H'Hb. MX, KaK 'y?Ke rOiBO-
pHJIOCb, pa3rpy)KaJl'H y aary-Bapa, H rPy3bi 'Ha McJIKHX cyAax H
6ap}Kax AOCTaBJIHJH4 B nopT.
ZjJIH noaaep}KaHHH Ha Xafx3 rniy6HH, Heo6XOJ[HMbIX AJiH nJia-
BaHIISI CyAOB BOJI'OII3Meu eHHeM 3 TbICHLIH TOHH, B nOpTy HMeeTCH
3eMJIeLIepnaTeJlbHbIII (JJIOT, 06iuen npoH3BOAHTeJIbHOCTbIO OKOJIO
2 TbICHtI Ky6oMeTpOB rPYHTa B LIaC. flpH nOMOHjH 3TOrO 4)JIOTa
npOH3BOAHJIHCb TaK)Ke jHoyrJiy6HTeJIbHble pa60TbI AJIH npopbITHH
KaHaJia Llepe3 Aary-Bap.
Ho Xa1 x3 OT THHbU3HHH AO MOPSI MOryT IJIaBaTb TOJIbKO cyAa
B0AOH3MeHUeHHeM He 60Jiee 3 TbICSILI TOHH. BbIHIe T5IIIbIj3HHH H no
KaHaJIaM nJIaBaIO'T McJIKHe pe'lHble cyaa, rJIaBHbIM O6pa3oM
A}KOH,KH.
fIpHLIaJIbI nopTa TSIHbu3HHb pacHOJIO}KeHbI Ha npaBOM H Ha
JieBOM 6eperax XaHx3.
flpHLlaJlbHble Ha6epe?KHble TIOCTpoexbI ,iH60 Ha )KeJIe3o6eTOH-
HbIX CBa5IX, JI160 npeACTaBJISIIOT co6oc 6oJIbBepK14 H3 McTaJIJIHLIe-
CKOrO IIInyH'Ta. [MeJOTCH fJIOByLIHe npHLIa bbl, y KOTOPbIX ae6apxa-
Aepbl 3aKpeHJIeHbI K nOAnOpHbIM CTeHKaM.
florpy'30-pa3rpy30LIHble pa60TbI BbIHOJIH5MHCb B OCHOBHOM
BpygHyi0. B nOCJIeAH'He rOAbI JjJIR BbIrpy3KH Tf)KeJIbIX rpy30B CTa-
JIH HPHMeHHTb nJloBygHe KpaHbl H 6eperOBble KpaHbI Ha ryCeHHLI-
HOM XOJjy. aJI'H yBeJIHLIeHHH HpOnyCKHOI%I CHOC06HOCTH nopTa B HeM
6yAeT npOBOAHTbCA IjaJIbHenuiaH MexaHH3auH5I norpy3o-pa3rpy-
30LIHbIX pa60T.
BAOJIb npHLIaJIbHOrO cppoHTa paCnoJl0}KeHbI CKJIa)jbI gJISI XpaHe-
HHSI rpy30B. fIopT coeAHHeH }KeJIe3HoI3 Aoporo1 C MarH'cTpaJIbHOH
SKeJIe3HOAOp0)KHOH JIHHHeI.
B THHbU3HHbCKOM HOPTy BOCCTaHOBJleHO H nOCTpoeHO He'CKOJIb-
KO HOBbIX np'HLIaJIOiB Ha }KeJIe306eTOHHbIX C3acx.
C IIOCTpOHKoi3 HOPTa CHHbraH, Llepe3 KOTOpbIH COBepuIalOTCH
BCe OCHOBHble nepeB03KII, yMeHbIHHJIOCb 3HaLIeHHe nopTa T5IHb-
U3HHb. tlepe3 3TOT HOPT Tenepb npOH3BOA5ITC5i rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80TOO246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Ka60TaH{HbI OA0H3MeLueHHeM AO 3 Tbl-
CSIgI TOHH.
f1OpT WaHxafi SIBJISIeTCH OAHHM H3 KpyHHbIX MHpOBbIX MOpCKHX
HOpTOB.B 3TOT IOpT 3aXOAHT Kopa6JIH, HanpaBJISnoLuHecH H3 Be-
1IHKoro oxeaHa B HHJ(HI3CKHI3.
IIlaHxali HMeeT 6oJlbiuoe 3HaqeHHe AJISI KHTaI3CKOI3 Hapo,HoH
Pecny6JIHKH. 1Iepe3 3TOT HOpT BeAeTcH TOprOBJISI C 3apy6eH{HbIMH
cTpaxaM'H. B Lllaxxae rpy3bi neperpy}KaloT C MopcKHx CYAOB Ha
peYHble. 14x nepenpaBJlfnoT no MHoroBo, HofI gHu3bI, a TaK}Ke no
ee npHTOKaM H KaxaJlaM B caMble OTAaJIeHHble paliOHbI CTpaHbl.
11OpT Waxxali (npOBHHgHH U3HHCy) pacnoJIOxceH Ha peKe
XyaHriy, BnaAalouzei3 B yCTbe 5THU3bI, HaxOJUllueeCSI ripHMepHO Ha
paCCTOHHHH 25 KHJIOMeTp'oB OT LIIaxxaH. Xyaxny KOpOTKaH, rJly-
60KOBOAHaSI peKa, BbITeKaloujaci H3 03ep, Haxo, 1n]Hxc l io}KHee
LIIaHxaH, B paiioxe ropoua XaHYH{oy. L'Jiy6HHa q)apBaTepa Xyaxny
AOCTHraeT 20 McTpOB. 143-3a npHJIHBOB H OTJIHBOB KOJIe6aHH?e ypOB-
Hei3 XyaHny AOCTHraeT 3,5 McTpa.
YCTbe SlH113bI, npH BnaAeHHH B Hee XyaH?rly, LIIHpOKoe. 9'Hu3bl
HeCeT 60JIbiuoe KOJIHTIeCTBO B3'BeUIeHHbIX iaCTMU, a nO3TOMy B ee
JIe.nbTe HMeeTCH MHOrO OCTpoBOB, o6pa3oBaBIIIHXCSI B pe3yJlbTaTe
OTJIO}KeHHH HaHOCOB.
Z[JiSI yMeHblUeHHH 3aHOCHMOCTH XyaHny coopyxcexa CTpyeHa-
npaBJIHIo uaSI AaM'6a, rJIy6O'Ko BAaloluaRCH B S1'HLL3bI. ga'M'6a cAe-
JiaHa H3 KaMeHHOIi Ha6pOCKH C yJIO}KeHHbIMH Ha Heil nipHrpy301q-
HbIMH MaCcHBaMH.
JlJIH 6Opb6bl C 3aHOC14MOCTbIO XyaHny H cpapBaTepa SIH113bl
e)KerOAHO npOH3BOAHTCSI 4HoyrJIy6HTeJIbHbie pa60TbI.
DTH pa60Tbl BeayTCSI 3eMJIetiepnaTeJlbHbIM 4)JIOTOM, B COCTaB
KOTOpOTO BXOAHT ynOM5IHyTbII1 paHee caMOXOAHbIii 3eMJIecoc , HeCKOJIbKO 3eMJIegepnaJIOK H peq)yJlepOB npOH3BOAHTeJIb-
HOCTbK) no 600 Ky60MeTpoB H 6oJiee McJIKHe MHOrowp'naKOBble H
OAHogepnaKOBbie 3e ciiapSiAbl.
O61ua l HpOH3BOAHTeJlbHOCTb 3eMJIetIepnaTeJlbHoro q)JIOTa, npH-
nHCaHHorO K iuaHXaliCKOMy nOpTy, COCTaBJISieT 6orIee 16 MHJIJIHO-
HOB Ky60MeTpOB rpyHTa B rOJ(.
rlpigajmbI Lual-IxalicKoro 'nopTa pacnoJIO}Kexbi no 06OHM 6epe-
raM ipe'KH Xyaxny. PaxbLUe B paclnoJIoH eHHH npHYaJIOB He 6bIJIo
HHKaKOIi noCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTH. 3TO 06'bHCHSIJIOCb TeM, WO npH4BJIbl
HaXOAHJIHCb B pacnop5lxceHHH HHOCTpaHHbIX KOHIZecCHIi, CyLueCTBO-
BaBLUHX HOWH AO 1950 roAa, H LIacTHbIX JIHu.
C opraHH3auxeii B 1950 roAy ynpaBJIeHHSH IuanxaliCKHM nop-
TOM H nOAgHHeHHeM ero ueHTpaJIbHOMy MHHHCTepCTBy KOMMyHH-
KauHYI KHP 6bIJIH npOBeAeHbl MeponpHHTHH no paiiOHHpOBaHHK)
npH4aJIOB 'no poAy rpy3oB.
BOJIbUIHHCTBO npH,4aJIbHbIX coopy KeHHf1 H CKJIaAOB nopTa Ha-
XOAHJIOCb B nJIOXOM COCTOSIHHH. r1OCTpOeHHble OKOJIO 30-50, a
HeKOTOpble Aame 70 JIeT Ha3aa, MHOrHe coopyx{eHHH noABeprJlHCb
3a 3T0 BpeMH pa3pyLueHHIO.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO340000600
HaH60AbuleMy pa3pyu1eHHIO nO1IBeprnHCb nJIOBygHe McTaJI1IH-
t1ecKHe npHTiaJlbl-,I(e6apxaJ1epbl H Ha6epe}KHble Ha JjepeBHHHbIX
CBaRX. B nytluleM COCTOHHHH HaXOAHJIHCb }Kene3o6eTOHHble npH-
tlanbHble Ha6epeNKHble Ha }Kene306eTOHHbIX CBaHX.
CKJIaAbI, KaK npaBHJIO, KaMeHHble 2-3-3Ta}KHble, c AepeBHHHbl-
MH nepeKpbITH IMH. Bo MHOrHX CKna1LaX JLepeBRIIHble KOHCTpyKLHH
pa3pyulaJIHCb JLPeBOTOtluaMH, JLJIH 60pb6bI C KOTOpbIMH npHMeHSIJIH
allTHcenTHKH B nOpoulKe.
YnpaBJIeHHJO uIaHXafiCKHM nOPTOM c nepBblX AHec1 ero opraHH-
3auHH. 'fPHIUJIOCb npHJIO?KHTb HeManO yCHJIHf H 3aTpaTHTb MHOrO
Cpe)(CTB JLnsl BOCCTaHOBneHHH npHtlanoIB nopTa H HPHBeueHHH nop-
TOBOrO X03HfCTBa B CoCTOIHHe, npHrOAHoe JZJI1 3KCnnyaTauHH.
noJLaBJx oujee 60nbIUHHCTBO npHtiaJIOB npeACTasnHeT Co6OfI
JerKHe pOCTBepKH Ha JLepCBMHHBIX HJIH Kene3o6eTOHHbIX cBaHx.
Bepxnee CTPOeHHe CBacJHbIX Ha6epe}KHbIX B 60nbIIIHHCTBe cnygIae3
H3 )Kene3o6eTOHa. UMeJOTCH npHtlaJlbI H3 McTaJIJIHtIeCKOIO ulnyHTa.
PaCnpOCTpaHeHHbIM BHAOM HBJIHIOTCH nnosy1He npHtianbI, 3a-
KpefJIHeMble K nOJLnOpHOfI CTeHKe. BOJIbuIOe KOJIHt4eCTBO npHtlaJIOB
He HMeeT nOrpy30tlHO-pa3rpy30tIHbIX npHCnoco6neHHfl H McXaHH3-
MOB. TonbKO Ha HeKOTOpbIX npHtlanax YCTaHOBJ1eHbI KpaHbI-JleppH-
KH. HHOCTpaHHble H OTe4IeCTBeHHble KHTBI-ICKHe KanHTaJIHCTbI, OpH-
eHTHpySICb Ha AeuleBbI13 TPy.IL KHTa13CKHX rpy3tIHKOB, He 3a6oTHJIHCb
o McXaHH3aLLHH pa,6OT B 'nopTy.
BAonb 6epera, no3aAH npHtlanoB, pacnono}KeHbI cKnaJLbl, K
KOTOPbIM 'nPHMbIKaIOT rOPOA'CKHe 3AaHH}1.
IIIaHxafl - OJLHH H'3 KpynneflhUHx ropOAOB KHTaHi - HMeeT 6o-
nee 6 MHJIJIHOHOB HacexeHHH. B HeM CHJbHO pa3BHTa nerKaH npo-
MbIUIJIeHHOCTb (rnaBHbIM o6pa3OM TeKCTHJIbHaH), H nO3TOMy TyAa
nOCTynaeT MHOrO pa3JIHt1HbIX Ppy30B. B nOPTy HaXOJ(SITCH JLeCSITKH
TbICHtI JL)KOHOK. Ha pee Xyaxny H ee He60JIbIUHx npHTOKax pac-
noJ1O}KHJIHCb uenble IpnOTHJIHH JLCOHOK, BnaJLenbubl KOTOPbIX }KH-
ByT B HHX nOCTOHHHO BMeCTe c CeMbHMH.
B iuaHXafiCKOM rlO Ty HMeeTCH HeCKOJIbKO CYXHX AOKOB H CJIH-
nOB AJIH peMOHTa H nOCTp0I3KH CyAOB. T OKH COOpy}KeHbI OKOJIO
50 ACT TOMy Ha3aJj. Hx CTeHbI BbIHOJDHCHbI H3 OJLHOPHAHOH Me-
TannHgeC'KOH UIInyHTOBOfI CTeHKH, a nHJIOHbT H IOJIOBHa5I t1aCTb -
H3 J'vByXpsIJLHOfl ulinYHTOBOf CTeHiKH, 3alnOJIHeHHO13 6eTOHOM. aHHuue
JLoKa ipaCIIOJaraeTCH Ha KOPOTKHX JLepeBSHHIHbIX CBa 1X, 3a6HTbIX B
HJIHCTb1fI irpylHT.
Fpy30o6opOT ulaHXafICKOro nopTa C Ka}KJLbIM rOAOM yBenHtIH-
BaeTCH. B nOPT 3aXOAHT MHOrO HHOCTpaHHbIX CyAOB, AocTaBn1-
IoujHX B KHTafI o6opyAOBaHHe JLn% cpa6pH~K H 3aBOA0B H JLpyrHe
HHbI, HeO6XOJLH'Mble AJI'5I 'HaPOJLHOrO XO3HICTBa CTpaHbJ.
nOPT KaHTOH, paCnoJIO}KeHHb113 Ha pexe CHu3HH, HBJIHeTCSH ca-
MbIM 5OJ bIIIHM MOPCKHM nOPTOM Ha lore KHTa51. nO rpy30o6opoTy
KaHTOH CTOHT Ha TpeTbeM McCTe no-cne IUaHxaH. B KBHTOHCKOM
nopTy MO}KHO BHAeTb KOpa6JH 60JIbuIHHCTBa CTpaH MHpa. DKC-
nopTHO-HMnopTHble onepauHH coBepLuaioTcH tlepe3 nOPT Xyaxny,
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
nocTpoellHbIii B 1950-1951 roAax H Haxou iMlIfl5I B 20 KHJIOMeT-
pax HH}Ke ropoAa KaHTOna.
B 1937 roAy roMHHAaHOBCKoe npaBHTeJIbcTBO HaMepeBaalocb
HOCTpOHrb COBpeMeHHbIIi MOpCKOIf nopT XyaHny, HO HHgero He 6bI-
JIO ci eJiaHO.
B HOpTy XyaHny npH'IajlbHble Ha6epe}KHble BbInOJIHeHbI H3
McTaJIJIH'IeCKOrO IIIHyHTa. 1'Jiy6HHa y Ha6epe3KHOIi BHOJIHe AoCTa-
TO'IHa AJIH Toro, '3TO6bl MOrJIH npH'IaJIHBaTb 60JIbIIIHe KOpa6JIH.
flOrpy30-pa3rpy3ogHble pa6oTbI npOH3BQAHTC2 KaK PYLIHbIM CH000-
60M, TaK H npH nOMOIII,H nJIOBy'IHX KpaHOB, a TaK}Ke KpaHOB Ha
ryCeHH'IHOM HJIH aBTOMo6HJIbHOM XOAy.
B KaHTOHCKOM nOPTY HMeIOTCH npH'-IaJIIbI caMoli pa3HOO6pa3HON
KOHCTPYKUHH - OT McTaJIJIIIHeCKOrO HIHYHTa AO noAnOpHbIX McJI-
KOBOAHbIX CTeHOK, Y KOTOpbIX 3aKpenJI9IOTC9 rMOBy'IHe npll'IaJIbl.
MHOrO Ha6epe}KHbIX YCTpOeHO B BHAe ''BbICOKOrO ipOCTBCIpKa IHa mKe-
JIe3o6eTOHHbIX CBaax. PacnpOCTpaHeHHbIM BHAOM CBafHbIX Ha6e-
pe}KHbIX HBJIHeTCH 6e3pacnop'Haa fla6e'pe,-KIIaa, COCTOHUJaH 113
OeTbIpex-rIHTH pHAOB CBaI3, CB513aH'Hbix CIBepXy }KeJIe3o6e'TOIHHbIMH
lOAKOCBMH B npOAOJrbHO!M in nonepeiIHOM HaupaBJIeHHH.
Ha 6epery pacrOJI03KelIbI cKJIaAbI, o6opyAOBaHHble noA'beMHH-
KaMH AJIH n0Aaim FPY30B Ha BepXHHe 3Ta}KH.
B nOpTy XyaHIIy 6bIJIO pa3BepHyTO CTpOHTeJIbCTBO HOpTOBbIX
coo'py}KeHHII. TaK, B 1954 rOAy 6bIJIa 3aKOII'IeHa }KeJie3o6eTOHHaH
CBaHHaa Ha6epe}KIIaa. CTpOHTeJIbHaa nJIon aAKa 6blJla cJIo>KeHa
H3 HJIHCTbIX OTJIO}KeHHII, o6JlaAalon Hx HejoCTaTOIIHOI3 Hecyn(ei
CH000OHOCTBIO, a nO3TOMy 6bIJJO peHICHO y4aJIHTb HJI H 3aMeHHTb
ero ne''laIIbIM rpYHTOM.
Ha6epe3KHax npe4CTaBJIaeT co60i! BbICOKHit }KeJIe3o6eTOHIIbI i
CBaIIHbIII pOCTBepK C JIBYMH K03JIOBbI,MH CBaBMH H nepeAHeA }KeJIe-
3O6eTOHHOII HInyHTOBOII CTeHKOH. HecyII.[eii KOHCTpyKuHei HBJIH-
IOTCH xKeJIe30'6e'TOHHb1e CBaa, a nlnyllT npeAHa3Ha'IeH AJIH yAep}Ka-
HHH nec aHOII 3acbInKH 3a CTeHKOVI.
IIpH reOJIOrHwcxmX Ii3bICKanH51x HapHAy c 6ypeHHeM CKBa-
}KHH n'pOH3BOAHJIOCb 30HAHp0'BaHIIe rpyHTa nyTeM 3a6HBKH KOHy-
Ca. 1-1o MaTepHazaM 30HAHpOBaHHn 6bIJIa onpeAeJiena rJIy6HHa 3a-
611BKH >KCJIe306eTOHHbIX CBaII.
30HAHpOBaHHe rpyHTO!B~ HBJIHeTCH B KHTae pacnpOCTpaHelHbIM
McTOAOM HCCJIeAOBaHIIH. JTOT MCTOA B COBeTCKOM C0103e 143peA-
Ka npHMeHHIOT AJIH HccJIeAOBaHHH CTpOHTeflbHblx CBOIICTB rpyHTOB
H nO'-ITH lie npHMeHHIOT npH onpeJedJeHHH rJIy6HHbl H COnpOTHB-
JIeHIIH CBaIi 'npH 3a6HBKe. McKay TeM npaMeHeHne 3OHAHpOBaHII5I
HBMHOIO iM0}KeT COKpaTHTb 'BpeMH H paCXOAbI Ha noJleBble HCCJIe-
1IOBaHHH rpyHTOB.
B KaHTOHe 3a noc.ZeAHHe roihi peKOHCTpyHpOBalIbI ABa cyxax
AOKa AJiH peMOHTa Cy4OB. PaHbuie B BTOM nOpTy HaF160JIee pac-
npOCTpaHeHbI 6bIJIH HMHble AOKH, BbIpbITbie Hen0cpeACTBeHHO Ha
6epery B CYFJIHHHCTOM H rJIHHHCTOM rpyHTe H BbIJIO}KellHble Aepe-
BOM HJIH 3aMOHjeHHble KaMHeM. Cyaa 3aBOAHJIHCb B TaKOI1 10'K BO
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 tized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
BpeMH npHJIH'Ba, a 3aTeM ycTpa!HBaJIaCb 3eMJIIIHa5i nepeMblT-IKa, noa
3aLuHTOH KOTOpOH npOH3BOAHJICH pe'M,OHT CyIOB. B apyrHx AOKax
nOAo6HOH KOHCTPYKUHH rono'BHa5 TIaCTb ycTpoena B BHAe 6eTOH-
HbIX JThJIOHOB C npHMbIKaIOluHMI K HIIM 6eTOHHbIMH OnopaMH H
CTeHKaMH. OCTaJIbHaH )Ke LIaCTb AOKa He HMeeT KanHTanbHbIX
CTeH.
PacuIHpeHHe pa60TbI nopTa Tpe60Bajio yCTpoiICTBa 6oJiee Ka-
nHTaJIbHbIX II 601Iee rny6OKHX ROKOB. fIpoH3BeaeHHaH peKOHCTpyK-
UHH JWKOB c yroy'6JIeHHeM H yBeJIHTIeHI eM HX RJIHHbI 4JaKTHT-IeCKH
0311agana 'HOBoe CTpOHTeJIbCTBO AOKOB Ha McCTe paHee cyIueCTBO-
BaBIIIHX.
10 KHee KaHTOHa Ha nonyoCTpaBe JIeITlxcoy npaBOAHTCH pa-
60TbI no CTpOIITeJIbCTBy COBpeMeHHOrO TOprOBOrO HOpTa 1-I}KaHb-
U351H, KOTOpbIH 6yReT coeAHHHTbCH }Kene3HOH AoporOH JIHTaH-
LbKaHbu3HH C MarMCTpaJIbHbIMH }Kene3HbIM14 AopOraMH CT'paHbl.
HapHAy c nOPTOM XyaHny TopronbIH nopT LI}Kanbu351x 6yReT Hr-
paTb 60JIbIHyI0 pOJIb B TOprOBJIe KHTa5 C aPYFHMH CT'paHaMH.
jlopTbl Ha OCTpOBe XaNHaHb. BOCCTaHOBJIeHbI nOpTOBble CO-
Opy)KeHHH, pa3pyLIeHHble HnOHUaMH B nOpTaX Ha OCTpOBe XaH-
HaHb.
OCTpOB XaiHaHb HBJJ I TCH BTO'PbIM nO BeJH'IHHe noc ie TaH-
BaHH. Ero nnOnjaAb CoCTaBJIHeT 6onee 34 TbICH4 K'BaApaT'HbIX KH-
JIOMe'TpOB. OCTpOB OTJZeneH OT KHTaiCKOro MaTepHKa XaIHaHbCKHM
npOJIHBOM, IIIHpHHOH 18 MOpCKHX MHnb. TponHqeCKHH KJI'HMaT 6na-
ronpH51TCTByeT pa3BHTHIO pacTHTenbHOCTH. Ha oCTpOBe pacTyT KO-
KOCOBble IIaJIbMbI, alla'Hacbl, 6aHaHbI H Apyrme pa3JIHT4Hble TpO-
nH'-IeCKHe paCTeHHH. f OpbI nOKpbITbI AeBCTBeHHbIMM necaMH. He'A-
pa OCTPOBa 6oraTbl noJIe3HbIMH H'CKOnaeMblM'H.
Ha ceBepnoM 6epery OCTpOB B yCTbe peKH Haxuyx3 pacno-
no}KeH nopT XaiKOH, a B 10 KHnoMeTpax OT ropoua XaHKOH -
aJrMHHHCTpaTHBHOrO uelTpa oCTpoBa - HaxoJIHTCH nopT CIOHH.
fOpT XaiKOH He HMeeT KanHTaJIbHbIX nopTOBbIx Coopy}KeHHH,
HecMOTPH Ha TO, TITO HaH6onb'IHee KOJHHeCTBO rPy30'B nOCTynaeT
Ha OCTPOB IIMeHHO Tlepe3 3TOT HOpT.
FIOpT CIOHH HMeeT npuLIanbl aim CyJOB BOAOn3MenjeHl4eM Ao
1000 TOHH. fIpHTlanbI yCTpoeHbI Ha }K eJIe3o6eTOHHbIX LHJIHHApHT4e-
CKHX onopax amaMeTpOM OKOJIO 2 McTpOB. TojiMHHa CTeHOK UH-
nHHApOB 15-18 CaHTHMeTpOB. I_.LHJIHHApbI 3aIIOJIHeHbI KaMHeM, H
nHIIIb ~CBepXy KaMeHHoro 3anonHeHHH HaXOAHTCH CJIOH 6eTOHa. Ha
uHJIHIHApaX yJlo}KeHbI rna'BHble ]Kene3o6eTOHHbie 6aJIKH, a Ha HHX
}Kene306eTOHHOe BepXHee cTpoeHHe pe6pHCTOH KOHCTpYKUHH.
fIp'HT3an 6bin o6opyAOBaH CTauHOHapHbIM aeppHK-KpaHoM rpy-
3onoA'be'MHOCTbIo 20 TOHH H 6aLHeH-HbIM CTauHOHapHbIM KpaHOM
rpy30'noJj'beMHOCTbI0 10 TOHH.
AKBBTOpHH nOpTa orpa}KAeHa BOJIHOJOMOM AJIIIHOH OKOno
800 McTpOB. HaxoAH'cb Ha OTHOCHTeJIbHO McJIKHX rny6HHaX (OKO-
no 4,5 McTpa), aKBaTopHH nopTa nOABep)KeHa 3aHOCHMOCTH.
B 1952 rOAy nopT 6bIJI HaCTOnbKO 3aHeCeH, 'ITO Aa}Ke MenKHe cy-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Aa BOJOH3Me1ueHHeM 200-300 TOHH MOrJIH HOAXOAHTb K npHUajiaM
TOJIbKO BO BpeMSI np1JIH'Ba. 3aHOCHMOCTb nopTa 06'b5CHHJIaCb B
OCHOBHOM TeM, TITO npH BeTpaX BOCTOtIHOrO H IOrO-BOCTOLIHOrO Ha-
npaBJIeHHS{ B3'BeuJeHHble 'IaCTHIJbI H3 peKH HaHgyX3, HaxoAHHjeIic
Ha pacCTOHHHH 6-8 KHJIOMeTpOB OT aKBaTOpHH nopTa, OTHOCHJIHCb
TeteHHeM B CTOpOHy CIOHHa.
B KOHILe 1952 roAa H B nepBOI nOJIOBHHe 1953 roAa pa3pyuleH-
Hb1e npHtIaJIbI 6bIJIH BOCCTaHOBJIeHbI, npOH3BegeHO yrJIy6JIeHHe aK-
BaTOpHH nopTa H noCTpoeH IBOCTOgHbIH MOJI, 3aH 11u alowHI3 aKBa-
TOPHIO OT BOJIH npH BOCTOqHbIX BeTpax H npenHTCTByJOwHIi 3aHo-
CIIMO'CTH nopTa. MOJI BbInOJIHeH H3 KaMeHHOI3 Ha6pOCKH, y.noweH-
HOIi Ha nec'IaHyIO nogylnKy.
BOCCTaHO'BJIe'HHe H HOBOe CTPOHTeJIbCTBO Ha pe'IHOM TpaHCno'p-
Te HaTIaJIOCb C MOMeHTa o6pa3OBaHHH KHTaIiCKOI3 Hapo,HOH Pe'c-
ny6JIHKH. aO 3TOrO peKH H peYHble nOpTbl HaxoAHJIHCb nOTITH B
nepBo6bITHOM COCTO1HHH, a n03TOMy KHTaI%ICKHM CTPOHTeJIHM nPH-
IHJIOCb npHJIWKHTb HeMaJIO yCHJIHI1 K TOMy, 'ITO6bI caeJlaTb peKH
CyAOXOJHbIMH.
JZJIH XapaKTepHCTHKH CTPOHTeJIbCTBa Ha peKax KHTaH OCTa-
HOBHMCH Ha pa60Tax, npOH3BeAeHHbIX B oAH
IIjeMCH 'Ha peKe IHU3bI.
Fo'poj LIYHIjHH HBJIHeTCH aAMHHHCTpaTHBHbIM IjeHTpOM npOBHH-
IJHH CbI'IyaH, HaimHTbI'BaIoljeil 60JIee 30 MHJIJIHOHOB gIe.IOBeK. LIe-
TbIpe 6OJIbH.IHX peKH BnagaIOT B SIHU3bI Ha TeppHTOpHH 3TOIi npo-
BHHIjHH. SIHU3bI 9BJIHeTCH AJI51 9TOI1 HPOBHHUHH OCHOBHOMi 11
AO HeAaBHero BpeMeHH 6bIJIa eAHH'CTBeHH'Ofl TpaHcno'pTHocl MarH-
cTpaJlblo. B HaCTOHIIjee BpeMH tiepe3 LIYHUHH npOXOAHT ,KeJIe3Ha.
Aopora, noCJie npOBe,eHHH KOTOpofI ero 3HageHHe ewe 60JIbIne
B03POCJIO. Lle.pe3 LIYHUH'H BbIB0339T XJIe6'Hble rpy3bl, KO]KH, (ap(po-
pOBble H3AeJIHH, CKOT, (JpyKTbI H Ap. B LIYHUHH no peKe 9HU3bI
fOCTynaIOT pa3JIHYHble npOMbIIlJIeHHble TOBapbl, He(fTenpoAyKTbI,
xHMHgecKHe yao6peHHH H ApyrHe rpy3bl.
HecMOTpH Ha 6OJIblloI3 rpy3006OPOT, fOPT LIYHUH1H B OCHOBHOM
6bIJI o6opyjOBaH nPHMHTHBHbIIMIH IIJIOB'y'IHMH IIpHtjajIaMH. Flocae
npOBegeHHH }KeJle3HOIi AOporH BbIHBHJIBCb Heo6XOAHMOCTb B n0-
CTpOIIKe npH'IaJIOB gaff nepeBaJl'KH rpy30B C BOgbI Ha )K Jle3HyIO
gopory H rpy30B C 3KeJIe3HO1i AoporH Ha Bogy.
JZJIH 3TOIi ueJIH B 1951 ropy nPHCTyHHJIH K pa3pa6OTKe npoeK-
TOB YCTPOfiCTBa npHtlaJIbHbIX Ha6epe3KHbIX. IIPOeKTHPOBaHHe npH-
'IaJIbHbIX Ha6epeHKHbIX B HOPTy LIyHIjHH OCJIO KHHeTCH TeM O6CTOH-
TeJIbCTBOM, ZITO KOJIe6aHHe yPO'B'Heli B 5IHIj3bI B HeKOTOpble roAbl
AOXOgHT go 36 McTpOB. 9TO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBO 6bIJIO Heo6XOgHMO
y'-IHTbIBaTb npH BbI'6ope BapHaHTa n,pHiaJIOB.
B McCTax, Bb16paHHbIX gJIH CTpOHTeJIbCTBa npH'IaJIOB, ycTpaH-
BaeTCH BbleMKa TaK xce, KaK 3T0 geJlaeTCH n1)H CTPOHTeJIbCTBe CTa-
neJleIi, TOJIbKO C 6ojiee KpyTbIM yKJIOHOM. BbleMKa 3anoJIHSIeTCH
KaMeHHoI3 nocTeJlblO 'H 3aMaIUHBaeTCH KaMHeM. CBepxy yxJiagbI-
BaIOTCH nyTH AJIH noA"beMa H cnyoKa TeJIe3KKH. IIpH'IaJIaMH AJIH
34
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
cyaOB cJlyxcaT o6bI'-IHbie Ae6apxaaepbI, Ha na.ny6e KOTOpbIX ycTa-
HaBJIHBa1OTCH Kpaxbl-AeppHxH AJIH noIrbeMa rpy3oB. Ha 6epery
no euiaeTCSi JIe6eAKa AJIH nozr eMa H cnycxa Te.ne)KeK.
B nepBoe BpeMH OuiyuiaJic HeAOCTaTOK B OnbITHbIX xaApax
nOPTOCTpOHTeJIel3. OA'HaKO KHTaHCKHe HH>KeHepbl, cogeTasI npaK-
THgeCKyIO pa6oTy C Tedp?eTHUeCKOI3 noarOTOBKoI3, 6bICTpO oBJIaAe-
BaJIH TeXHHKOH npOeKTHPOBaIIHH H CTPOHTeJIbCTBa nOPTOBbIX COopy-
KeHHI3. 9TOMy cnoco6CTBOBaJIa TaK?K npaKTHKa COBMeCTHAF1 pa
6OTbI MOJIOAbIX HHBKe1HepOB C OnbITHbIMH HHMKeHepaM'H-CTpOHTe-
JIHMH.
fIPH CTPOHTeJIbCTBe nOpTOB B KHTae 3aHMCTBOBajiH MINT
COBeTCKOrO C0103a, CTpaH HapOAHoI3 AeMOKpaTHH H nepeaOBOH
OnbIT KanHTaJIHCTHgeCKHX CTpaH. r pfltleM 9TO AeJIaJIH He McXaHH-
tiecKH, a npHMeHHTe.IbHO K AeiCTBHTeJIbHOI1 o6CTaHOBKe H McCT-
HbIM YCJIOBHHM H B03M0}KHOCTHM. flpH CTPOHTeJIbCTBe THApoTeX-
HHLIeCKHX coOpy}KeHHI3 InHpOKO npHMeHSIJIHCb McCTHble MaTepHa-
JIbI, HCIIOJIb3OBaJIHCb CnOC06bI npOH3BOACTBa pa6or, np,HMeHxB-
uIHeCH paHbuie B AaHHOIi McCTHOCTH.
B KalieCTBe npHMepa M03KHO npHBeCTH CTpOHTeJIbCTBO COeAHHH-
TeJIbH0I3 AaM6bI B OAHOM H3 MOPCKHX nOPTOB CTpaHbI.
flepeA ?CTpOHTeJIHMH 6bIJIa nocTaBJIeHa 3aAatia COOpy}KeHH3i
AaM16bI AJIHIHOi3 OKOJIO 3 IKHJIOMeTpOB npH rJIy6HHe BOAbI, RO'XOA51-
uiei3 McCTaMH AO 25 McTp,OB. HaJIHtIHe CKaJIHCTOro AHa, npHKpbITO-
ro JIHUIb B oTAeJIbHbIX McCTaX CJIoeM neCKa, a B apyrHx cJIoeM rJIH-
HbI, aaJIO B03MO KHOCTb AejiaTb AaM6y HH)Ke ypOBHH BOAbI H3
KaMeHHOI3 HabpoocKH (pHe. 11).
PHc. 11. CXeMa KOHCTPYKI;HH COCAHHHTeJIbHOTO Mona:
I - IIOJ{IIOPHBJI CTeHKB J{aM6bI; 2 - rpaBHIlHoe IIOJIOTHO; 3 - K8MeHHo-rpa-
BHIiHOe :ianOJIHeHHe: 4- IIOKPbITHe H3 KpyrIHOI'O OT60pHoro KaMHH; 5 -
KpynHblFI K8MeHb; 6 - KaMeHb cpeJ{Hef{ KpynHOCTH; 7 - McJIKHH KaMeHb;
8 - CKana.
fIpH yCTPOHICTBe KBMeHHOrI Ha6pOCKH Ha 6OJIbUIHX rJIy6HHax
(cBbiuie 6 McTpOB) npHMeHHJIOCb ynJIOTHeHHe ee nyTeM McJIKH'X
B3pbIBOB.
BepXHee CTPOeHHe aaM6bI 6bIJIO BbIHOJIHeHO B BHAe AByX nOA-
nOPHbIX cTeHOK, npOCTpaHCTBO M?e}KAy KOTOpbIMH 3anOJIHSIJIOCb
KaMHeM H rpaBHeM. fIOAnOpHble CTeHKH ACJIaJIHCb H3 IUTyYHOrO
S ized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: =01-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
rpaHIITHOrO KaMHSI, KOTOpbIII yKJla4bIBaJIH rOpH30IITaJIbHbIMH pSI-
JjaMH 6e3 HpHMeHeHHH pa,CTBOpa (6e3paCTBOpIIa5I KJIa4Ka). OT-
KOCbI 40 caMOro HH3KOrO rOpH30HTa BOJjbI HpHKpbIBaJIH TOpIjOBOH
MOCTOBOI' H3 HITy-IHOFO KaMH 14JIHHOII He McHee 0J4140rO Me'Tpa.
OHHcaHHaB KOIICTpyKU142 JjaM6bl 6bIJIa CIpHHSITa HOTOMy, tITO B
paffOHe CTpOHTeJIbCTBa 6bIJt0 MHOFO KaMHSI, a TaK}Ke HMeJIHCb KaJj-
pbI pa60'-IHX, XOpOIIIO 3HaKO'MbIX C B03Be4:~eHHeM COOpy}KeHHK H'3
KaMHSI, O6HjHFI BHA MOJIa HOKa3aH Ha pn c. 12.
OHOpbI MOCTa qepe3 Ija,M6y 6bIJIH H0CTpOeHbI Ha }KeJIe306eTOH-
HbIX HtljHKaX (MaCCMIBaX-THra'HTaX), 3aHOJIHeHHbIX 6eTOHOM
(pHc. 13).
PHc. 13. Onopbt MOCTa vepe3 aaM6y.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
MaccHBbl-rHraHTbl ycTaHaBJIHBaJIH Ha KaMeHHyIO Ha6pocxy,
TOJII.UHHON 6o.lee 8 McTpoB. Ha OAHOM H3 y,IaCTKOB, aJIIIHOA
OKOJIO 50 McTpOB, AaM6a Aajia OCaAKy, npH9HHOH KO-
TOpOI1 ABnJIOCb Bbiri patine rJIHHncToro rpyHTa, 3a.neraioLue-
ro Ha AHe. Ho npoLUeCTBBB HeCKOJIbKHX Mec weB ocaAKa CTa6HJ1H-
3HpOBaJlaCb. BJ1aroAap51 OCO6eHHOCT51M KOHCTpyKuHH AaM6bl ocaA-
Ka Ha OAHOM H3 ee y4aCTKOB He OTpa3HJIaCb Ha BBOAe ee B 3KC-
^JlyaTagHIO. llpHLUJIOCb JIHLIIb B 9TOM McCTe HapaCTHTb Bepxnee
CTpoeHHe AO npoeKTHbIX oTMeTOK. Hoc ie COOpyN{eHHH AaM6bI 9e-
pe3 Hee 6bIJI nOCTpoeH MOOT.
Ha pHC. 14 nOKa3aH BHA 9TOrO MOCTa.
YJiy9uIeHHe yCJIOBHH CyAOXOACTBa
HapAAy C pOCTOM npOMbIwJIeHHOCTH H ceJIbCKOXO3AFICTBeHHCro
npOB3BOACTBa B TetieHne nepBOH n1THJIeTKH COOTBeTCTByIOUI.ee
pa3BBTHe nOJlyqaT TpaHCnOpT H CB93b. B 1957 rosy o6beM TOBap-
HbIX nepeBO3oK no BHyTpeHHHM pe9HbIM FYT51M CTpaHbl, KaK y'7KC
roBopHJIOCb, AoCTBrHeT 15 300 MH.IIJIHOHOB TOHHO-KHJIOMeTPOB.
IlepeB03KH nacca}KnpOB no BHyTpeHHHM BOAHbIM nyTAM COCTaBAT
3400 MHJIJIHOHOB 9eJIoBeKO-KBJIOMeTPOB. YBe.IH9eHHe nepeB030K
no peKaM CTpaHbl Tpe6yeT npHBeAeHn11 B Xopotuee CoCToIHBe
CyAoxOAHbIX yCJIOBFI. B nepByiO ogepeAb yAeJIAeTC51 BHUMaRHe
ycTp011CTBy CyAOXOAHOH 06CTaHOBKH, yrJly6JIeHBI0 peK n KaxaJ10B,
yAaJIeHHIO nOpO}KHCTbIX yqaCTKOB Ha peKax, yCTpOHCTBY CKJIaJLOB
Ha npuCTau x u MexaHH3aunH norpy30-pa3rpy3OgHbIX pa60T.
Rim yJIy'TIIIeHnSI CyzOXOAHbIX-yCJIOBHH B Teuexne nOCJieA-
HHX nHTH JIeT B KHTae nPOBOAHTCA pa60Ta no yCTaHOBKe CyA0X0A-
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
HbIX 3HaKOB, paCgHCTKe nepeKaTOB H yAaJieHHIO BOpO KHCTbIX
CKaJIbHbIX y4aCTKOB.
TaK, HanpHMep, x m yJIy4LHeHH9 cyuoxoACTBa Ha pee SIHU3b]
npoBOAATc 1 60JIbIHHe pa60Tbl no pac4HCTKe ee pyc.na Ha y4aCTKe
Me}KAy ropoAaMn IJ4aiHOM H 146HHOM, B npO,BHHIIHH CbI4yaHb. ^ /TOT
y4aCTOK cpeaHero Te4eHH51 SIHU3bI AJIHHON OKOJIO 1032 KHJIOMeTpa
IIOCHT Ha3BaHHe peKH LI y a H b U 3 A H. OH HMeJI 6oJiee 60 nopo-
N{HCTbIX McCT, npenuTCTBOBaBLHHX HOpMaJIbHOMy CYAOXOACTBy Aa-
}Ke npH BbICOKOM ypOBHe BOAbI B peKe. I1JlaBallHe CyAOB Mex{Ay
HgaHOM H I'16HHOM npOHCXOAHJIO TOJIbKO B UHeBHoe BpeMH. Mexc-
Ay TeM peKa LlyaHbLI3AH 51BJ1AeTCA OCHOBHO1 TpaHCnOpTHo13 apTe-
pHeii, He noTepHBLHef CBoerO 3Ha4eHHA Aa7Ke nOCJIe fOCTPOI%IKH
BaOA3H-LI3HAyCKON }KeJIe3HOH AoporH. L JIA 6e3onacHOro CyAOxOA-
CTBa 6bIJIO Heo6XOAHMo yaaJiHTb MHor04HCJIeHHble nOABOAHble
CKaJIbI H OTMeJIH.
Hapo,aHbIM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM B 1953 roay Co3AaH Cneuua.]bHbih
KOMHTeT HO ynopwA04eHH10 pyc is peKH'4yaHb113HH, KOTOpbI13 HaMe-
THJI nJIaH pa60T no yaaJie'HHiO CKaJIbHbIX nepeKaTOB H OTMeJIeil.
Pa60TbI BeJIyTCH B CJIO}KHblX rHApoJIorH4eCKHX yCJIOBHAX.
17pH 6bICTpOM TegeHHH peKH npHxoAHTcA COOpy>KaTb AaM6bI, 6y-
pHTb Hlnypbl H B3pbIBaTb CKaJIbHble BOpOAbi Aim yr.ny6J]enHA ii
yLHHpeHHA peKH, He Hapyw]a i HOpMaJlbHoro ABH>KeHHA Cya08.
HeAaJ1eKO OT H4aHa, B 85 KHJIOMeTpaX BBepx 110 TegeHH10, npe]L-
CTOAJIO yAaJIHTb noJ BOAHble CKaJIbi H MHorOgHCJIeHHble KaMHH.
BbICTpOe Te4eHHe peKH H CKaJIHCTOe AHO He H03BOJIHJIH 3aKpefH'Th
AKOpIMH CYAHO C yCTaHOBJIeHHOfl Ha cIeM 6ypOBON BbILHK01i. BJ1a-
roAap5i CMeJIOCTH H HaXOAquBOCTH KOMaHAbl CyAHO 6blJio yCTaHCB-
JIeHO Ha McCTO nyTeM 3aKpenJIeHH5i erO K 6eperOBbIM CKa.iai
PHc. 15. I JIOBytraA fiypoaac etIHtxa.
(pHc. 15), 4TO AaJI0 BO3MO?KHOCTb npHCTynHTb K 6ypenuio HlnypO6
JIJ151 3aKJIaJKH B HHX B3pbIB4aTOrO BeWPCTBa.
B HaCTOHLuee BpeMA MHOPO UOABOJIHbIX CKaJI H OTMeJIeI3 pKe
38
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
.IHKB'HAHpOBaHO H B 3THX MecTax o6ecne4eHa 6e3onacxocTb cyAo-
xoJlcTBa.
Ilocne nposeAennH Bcex pa6oT no pac4HCTKe CKaJlbxblx nepe-
KaTOB OTKpOeTCH KPYFJIOCYTO4HOe ABH KeHHe CyJOB OT XaBbKOy
jto 4yHbUHHa. Eiue 6oJIbLLle B03paCTeT 3Ha ieHHe 51HU3bl KaK BOA-
HOA TpaHCnOpTHOH MarHCTpaJIH CTpaHbI.
Ha 9Hu3b1, a TaK}Ke Ha CyHrapH H apyriix peKaX yCTaHOBJIeHbl
aBTOMaTH4eCKHe 6aKeHbI H 6eperoBble 3HaKH, n03BO.39iomHe
OCyII1,eCTBJIHTb peicb1 Cy1OB B Ho4HOe BpeMn. Ha pexaX CTpaHbl
OpraHH3oBaHo 6oJlee TbICSI4H rHJporpa(JH4eCKHX CTaHLLHFI H OKOJIO
2 TbICSI4 BOAOMepHbIX nOCTOB no Ha6JI[OAeHHio 3a ypOBHeM BOIIbI.
Ha 60JIbUJHHCTBe npncTaHeN MexaHH3HpoBaHbl nOrpy3o-pa3rpy304-
Hble pa6OTbl, nOCTpOeHbl CKJIaJjbl, npOBeaeHbl aHoyrJIy6HTeJ]bHble
pa60Tbi no pacgHCTKe nepeKaTOB H BbinpaBJIeHHIO 3aHOCHMbIx
y4aCTKOB.
.aJI% 3aKpenJIeHHa pa3MblBaeMbIX 3e.MeJlb H BJlaroyaepxcaHHSI
y HCTOKOB, no 6eperaM peK, a Tax iKaeHHSI, cTpaaalolune OT 3aCyXH. ITJIOHjaab, 3aH%Ta5I
.neCaMH, B HaCTOHLuee BpeMH COCTaBJlneT 5 IIpoueHTOB BceA TeppH-
TOpHH KHTas. floc.le JleconocaaOK OHa yBeJIH4HTCA ao 20 npo-
LLeHTOB.
FlOMHMO KpynHoro rHApOTeXHH4eCKorO CTpOHTeJIbCTBa B Ha-
pOJHOM KHTae npOBOaHTCH MHoro KaHaJIOB, CTPO51TC53 He60JIbwHe
BOAOXpaHHJlmuia. TaKHe COOpy)K HHH pa36pOCaHbl B pa3HbIX Me-
CTaX H BbInoJIHSIIOTC5 CaMHM HaceJleHHeM c noMOLUbJO rocyaap-
CTBa.
KOMnJIeKCHoe HCHOJ1b3OBaHHe BOAHbIX pecypcoB H coopy>KeHHe
rHApOCTaHlLHH 6yaeT Cnoco6CTBOBaTb 6b1CTpeF1weH HHAYCTPHa.TH-
3aHHH CTpaHbl, yBeJiu4eHH1o npoMblln.neHHoro npOH3BOACTBa H
POCTy 6JIaI000CTOHHHSI rpyLLnIILHXCn.
I'HApOTeXHH4eCKoe CTpOHTe.nbCTBO Ha BOaHOM TpaHCfOPTe CO-
3,r1;aCT 6o.nee 61IaronpuRTTHbie yCJlOBHH AAA CBn3en Me Kay OTJLaJIeH-
HbIMH PacOHaMH CTpaHbl H 6yaeT cnoco6cTBOBaTb yseJIH4eHHIO
BHYTPeHHeH H BHe1BHeH TOprOBJIH KHTaSI.
. BbinOJIHeHHe ujlaHa nepBoi ITHTHJIeTKH KHTaf1CKOFI HapoAHof
Pecny6.nHKH nOTpe6yeT 6OJIbWHX yCHJIHH. B nocJleayiomHe nflTH-
JIeTKH npeACTOHT peL1IHTb npo6JleMy KOMnJIeKCHOFO HCnOJib3OBa-
HH51 BOAHbIX pecypcoB 71HLL3bl, a TaK>Ke McXaHH3HPOBaTb norpy-
3o-pa3rpy304llble pa6OTbI B nOpTaX, A.151 4ero noTpe6yeTCn 60JIb-
wan peKOHCTpyKUHA MHOrHX cyujeCTByIOIUHX nOPTOB H Hx pacuiH-
peHHe. HMeiOTC51 Bce npeAnOCbIJ1KH H nOJIHan yBepeHHOCTb B TOM.
4TO TpyJnujaecn KHTaH, pyKOBOJjHMble KOMMyHHCTH4eCKOI3 napTHeil
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
H HapoAHbIM npaBHTeJibCTBOM, C 4CCTbiO BbinOJIHHT nOCTaBJIeHHble
3aJ1a9H.
B pa60Tax, UPOBO,II,HMbIX B HaPOAHOM KHTae nO KoMnJ1eKCHOMy
HCnoJIb3oBaHHIO peK H IIOPTOBOMY CTpouTeJlbCTBy, npHHHMaJIH y'Ia-
CTHe COBeTCKHe CneuHaJIHCTbI, B TOM 4uc ie H aBTOP HaCTORnIe4
6powlopbl, KOTOPbie nepeAaBaJIH OnblT CTpOHTedIbCTBa COBeTCKOro
Co1o3a. COBMeCTHa 1 pa6oTa coBeTCKHx H KHTaFtCKHx CneuNa.;IH-
CTOH cnoco6cTBOBaJIa yKpenJFeHHIO AppOb1 Me>KAy aByMH Be.IH-
KFIMH HapOAaMn.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2010/03/18: CIA-RDP80T00246AO34000060001-7
Yea,,caeMblu mooapuuq!
HAnOMHHAEM, 4TO B KOHLJE AEKA5Pa
HCTEKAET CPOK BAWER nOA11HCKH HA
&POWIOPa-CTEHOFPAMMM OENgNei
'Bo H36e$CaHHe nepepwsa B AOCTaBKe BaM
6powlop-ne,u nPOCHM 3A611ArOBPEMEH-
HO nOAnHCATbC9 Ha 1957. ron.
nOAnNCKa npHHHMaeTCA B rOpOACKNX H paNOH-
HWX OTAenax aCoIo3ne4aTb>, KOHTOpax, OTAene-
HHAX N areHTCTBax CBA3N, a TaK)Ke O6IgeCTBeH-
HbIMN ynonHOMogeHHWMN Ha nyHKTaX nOAnNCKH
npeAnpHATNN, B KOAXO3ax, COBXO3aX, MTC,
y'e6HbIX 3aBeAeHNAX, H y4peHCAeHNAX.
H3)7ATEJIbCTBO