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Developments at
Soviet Solid-Propellant Production Facilities
ACIC. USATC, Series 200, Sheets 0156-11, 0161-2 and -21, 0234-22 and -24, scale 1:200,000
Installation Geographic
Coordinates
Biysk Solid Motor Production 52-29-05N
Plant I 085-07-10E
Biysk Solid Motor Production 52-28-48N
Plant II 085-02-32E
Biysk Solid Motor Test Area I 52-30-47N
085-04-55E
Biysk Solid Motor Test Area II 52-31-19N
085-01-54E
Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy Solid 48-17-54N
Motor Production Plant 040-10-46E
Kemerovo Solid Motor 55-24-58N
Production Plant 085-58-32E
Pavlograd Solid Motor 48-34-01N
Production Plant 035-49-12E
Pavlograd Solid Motor 48-27-10N
Assembly and Test Support 035-57-17E
Facility
Pavlograd Solid Motor Test 48-26-10N
Facility 035-58-20E
Pavlograd Ordnance Research 48-29-26N
and Development Facility 035-56-56E
Perm Solid Motor Production 57-59-18E
Plant 055-53-30E
Category
ABSTRACT
1. (S/WN) Recent developments at 11 Soviet facilities involved in the production, assembly, and
testing of solid-propellant rocket motors are presented in this report updating NPIC report 25X1
All relevant satellite imagery acquired through the information cutoff date, has been used in 25X1
this report. A location map, 19 annotated photographs, and six tables are included.
2. (S/WN) Developments at the facilities since the previous report included accidents in the prod-
uction lines at Biysk Solid Motor Production Plant I and Kemerovo Solid Motor Production Plant and
modifications to a vertical test position at Pavlograd Solid Motor Test Facility. Also during this reporting
period, a segmented probable diffuser was identified. Test activity was observed at all of the test facilities
except the type A test cell at Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy. This cell has been inactive since 1969.
3. (S/WN) Major construction programs continued at Biysk, Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy, Pavlograd, and
Perm. The expansion of facilities in the Pavlograd Solid Motor Complex is probably related to the
production and assembly of a new medium-solid ICBM.
INTRODUCTION
4. (S/WN) Each of the facilities discussed in this report is involved in the production, assembly, or
testing of solid-propellant rocket motors and related components for strategic or tactical delivery systems.
Destroyed buildings in the production lines at the facilities have indicated that the Soviets are continuing
to experience problems in developing safe and reliable production processes. These problems, however,
have not had any apparent impact on their use of solid propellants in many of their new missile systems.
5. (S/WN) This report discusses developments that have occurred at these facilities since the previ-
ous NPIC report.' The locations of these facilities are shown in Figure 1. Included in this report are a
location map, 19 annotated photographs, and six tables.
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t GERMANY`
F I N I. A
MOSCOW
,PAVLOGRAD
?
'KAMENSK-SHAKHTINSKIY
-wRK"Y
0 KEMEROVO
?BIYSK
MONGOLIA CHINA
CHINA
BASIC DESCRIPTION
Biysk Solid Motor Production Complex
Solid Motor Production Plant I
6. (S/WN) Between an explosion in the western part of the
composite-modified, double-base (CMDB) plant destroyed one motor production building and a railshed
and damaged a second motor production building (Figure 2). B external repairs to the
damaged building appeared to be complete; by a new motor production
building-replacing the destroyed one-was externally complete. The railshed was rebuilt in May 1982.
7. (S/WN) In June 1974, an explosion with very similar results as those described above occurred in
these same buildings, and by August 1974, reconstruction had been completed.
8. (S/WN) The two explosions indicated that an extremely hazardous process such as the mixing of
high-energy propellants had occurred in the building that was destroyed. The rapid reconstruction of the
buildings following both explosions indicated that these buildings were involved in a high-priority
program.
9. (S/WN) The large fabrication building, under construction in the probable explosives storage and
handling facility, was nearly complete. Minor construction programs were underway in several areas of
plant I (Figure 3).
10. (S/WN) On at plant li (Figure 4), a specially configured heavy-load rail trans-
porter long and wide, with two shallow cradles mounted near the center of the
car (Figure 5)-was near the south entrance to a new-style casting/curing building in line 2. This
transporter probably carried large rocket motors or motor segments horizontally and may have been
equipped to lift the motors/motor segments out of the casting pit. Additional rail traffic at line 2 was
observed infrequently between the three casting/curing buildings and the bay charger rails.
11. (S/WN) On five propellant mixers were on a loading dock at the east end of line 2.
Between one of the mixers was moved to the entrance of a mix building probably for
installation. The installation of new mixers may indicate new motor production.
12. (S/WN) Between three railcars appeared to be parked in a line
near the entrance to the possible casting building in line 3, which is probably associated with the
production of SS-NX-20 motors.' The removal of the railcars and the subsequent rail-and-road traffic at
line 3 indicated that production or preparation for production was underway.
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13. (S/WN) Construction at plant II was minimal during this reporting period. A probable transship-
ment building in the rocket motor finishing, assembly, and transshipment area was in mid-to-late stages
of construction; an addition to a small possible curing building in line 3 was constructed; dummy POL
tanks between lines 1 and 2 were constructed; and trenches were observed near the west end of line 2
during 1981.
Solid Motor Test Area I
14. (S/WN) Test activity was observed in motor test area 1 (Figure 6) at two horizontal test cells
during this reporting period. Between a test occurred at the type A horizontal test
cell. A small, dark-toned blast mark indicated that a small rocket motor had been tested. Earlier, on~
discoloration of the snow on the blast apron at the type A test cell suggested that a test
may have occurred, On snow clearing on the blast apron at the type B test cell indicated
that test activity may also have been underway at this cell.
15. (S/WN) A probable motor shipping crate, observed in test areas I and U in the
past, was seen near the checkout building several times during this reporting period. When the crate has
been observed in test area II, tests or test preparations have usually been underway.
16. (S/WN) A probable expended motor, was on a railcar at the entrance to test
area I on a suspect conical motorH long with a
nozzle and tapered from was on a railcar near the temperature conditioning buildings.
17. (S/WN) The movement and number of railcars at test area I were high during this reporting
period. Cradle cars, missile-associated railcars, boxcars, and flatbed railcars with
meter crates-all seen previously-were also observed during this reporting period. The amount of railcar
activity at test area I indicated high levels of test activity for both test areas at the Biysk complex. Test area
I activity is presented in Table 1,
18. (S/WN) A new firing-in butt and firing area were constructed in the small-arms test area, and
modifications to the old firing-in butt were made there. A new small-arms test range, possibly associated
with test area I, was approximately 2.5 kilometers west of the test area.
Solid Motor Test Area II
19. (S/WN) Activity at test area II was high. A large motor was tested on
dark-toned blast mark, approximately extended from the thrust block on
Indications of possible tests were also observed on
igure 7). Probable blast marks had also been observed in this area on and
20. (S/WN) A motor-observed in the open storage area and inside the test
position on several occasions-was probably tested Burin this period, although no blast marks were
associated with the motor. An additional motor segment was in the open storage area
on indicating that work has been continuing on segmented motors. These motor segments
were first observed at test area II in 1978.2
21, (S/WN) Crates, handling rings, and other test-related equipment inside the test position and in
the test area are listed in Table 2, The crate on a transporter, observed during seven reporting
periods, _n test area II. A probable test
tkddh
apparaus on a transporter was pare insie te test area east of the test position from
through at least The apparatus-previously identified as a________ diameter motor2-did
not appear to have been used in tests during this period but was seen in 1979 inside the test position and,
on one occasion, against the thrust block. The apparatus has also been observed at Biysk Test Area I. An
open probable test article/apparatus container-approximately 0 long by 0 in
diameter-was seen inside the test position three times in late 1981. Its dimensions and configuration are
similar to those of the probable test apparatus on a transporter, but the relationship between the two
objects, if any, is not known,
22. (S/WN) The multistory probable control buildin , a roxlmatelyDeast of the test
position, had been externally completed by the end of Stacks of materials just outside the
building suggest that this structure was being internally equipped. Four small buildings have been
constructed on the eastern side of the building. Earth backfilling against the northeast side of this
structure was not complete as of
Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy Solid Motor Production Plant
23. (S/WN) Construction in the newly expanded area of the plant continued slowly (Figure 8). In
January 1982, a nine-bay curing building was externally complete in this area. Rail lines extending from
the plant served the new building, and a fenceline separately secured this structure from the remainder
of the expanded area. A security fence around the entire area was nearly complete, but no additional
construction was started.
24. (S/WN) The recently completed solid motor production line described in a previous NPIC
report2 probably became operational during this period. A possible laboratory building-probably
associated with the new production line-was in the original plant area near the new line where several
small support buildings had been. This building was in late stages of construction on
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Table 1,
Probable Motors/Motor Containers and Test
Apparatus at Biysk Solid Motor Test Area
This table in it entirety is classified SECREIt NI,ATEL
Date
Dimensions
(m)
L Diam
Description
Prob test apparatus on transporter near motor checkout bldg
Poss conical motor near temperature conditioning bldgs; appeared
to have nozzle, sides of poss motor appeared slightly bowed
Prob expended motor on rail line at entrance to test area
25. (S/WN) Five curing bays at two of the existing curing buildings at the original plant were
completed during this period. These new bays as well as the new nine-bay curing building significantly
increased curing capacity at the plant. Additional construction included a shed-roofed cover over the
entrance to one of the curing buildings, an addition to a subassembly building, and footings near the
southernmost non-destructive test building, The L-shaped barricade around the non-destructive test
building was leveled by March 1982, and the rail line to the building was disrupted as a result of the
construction,
26, (S/WN) Motors and/or motor containers observed during the period are listed in Table 3. Two
propellant mixers were on a rail line between the mixing and casting areas on A
significant number of POL tank cars were frequently observed in several areas of the plant, particularly in
the curing area. These tank cars have been observed in the curing area during the past several years. It is
not known why they are in this area of a production plant, but they may not be transporting POL.
Kemerovo Solid Motor Production Plant
27, (S/WN) In June 1981, an explosion destroyed a casting building at the composite propellant
production plant (Figure 9). Reconstruction of the destroyed building did not begin until late October
1981 and was still underway in May 1982. The slow reconstruction of this building suggests that the facility
was involved in a low-priority program. Destroyed buildings at other Soviet propellant production
facilities involved in high-priority programs have been rebuilt almost immediately (see Biysk Solid Motor
Production Complex).
28. (S/WN) Evidence of rocket motor testing was observed at the horizontal test position (HTP) on
three occasions during this reporting period. Bilateral blast marks observed on the apron at the HTP in
July 1981 and May 1982 indicated that probable thrust reversal tests had taken place. Evidence of thrust
reversal testing at this position was initially detected in September 1980. A solid motor test firing took
place in the type C horizontal test cell in March 1982 (Figure 10). The test, leaving a light-toned stain on
the apron, only partially melted the snow on the blast deflector, suggesting that either a small test article
had been tested or that the test had been short. Little construction was observed at the composite plant.
A mix building was renovated in spring 1981, and a probable personnel bunker had been completed near
the main entrance by October 1981. Construction that began in 1975 on the eastern portion of the new
TNT plant was completed during this reporting period; this portion was probably operating by July 1981,
Construction on the rest of the plant, including five barricaded production buildings, has been at a
standstill since July 1981, suggesting that a portion of the program has been postponed or abandoned,
Test-related activity at Kemerovo is provided in Table 4.
Pavlograd Solid Motor Production Complex
29. (S/WN) Expansion programs in the four areas of the Pavlograd complex were nearly complete
during the reporting period, and portions of the new facilities appeared to be operational. These new
facilities will probably support production related to a new medium-solid ICBM2 expected to begin flight
testing at Plesetsk Missile Space Test Center in the near future.
Solid Motor Production Plant
30. (S/VsN) The new rocket-motor production line (Figure 11) at the Solid Motor Production Plant
(SMPP) vvas approximately 70 percent complete as ofA portion of the new line containing a
propellant mix building and two casting curing buildings was separately secured and appeared to be
operational. This portion of the facility may be functioning as a pilot production line producing initial test
articles.
(Continued p.14)
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Table 2, (cont'd)
Date
Environmental shelter at test block; large crane inside test position
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
Table 2,
Activity at Biysk Solid Motor Test Area II
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET WNINTEL
Date
Description
Remarks
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
Environmental shelter and large crane away from thrust block
small environmental shelter at thrust block
10-m crate on transporter east of test position;
large crane at thrust block; crate inside test position
Environmental shelter away from thrust block
large crane and small environmental shelter at thrust block
environmental shelter east of test position; large crane and
small environmental shelter away from thrust block; object at thrust
block; test apparatus on transporter east of test position
environmental shelter east of test position; large crane
inside test position
environmental shelter and large crane away from thrust
block
10-rn crate on transporter east of test position
light-toned streaks on blast apron
environmental shelter at thrust block
small environmental shelter at thrust block
possible blast mark
Description
No test activity
Prob test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
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Remarks
Environmental shelter and large crane away from thrust block
all environmental shelter at thrust block
prob test apparatus cradles emplaced near thrust block
nvironmental shelter at thrust block
test article/apparatus at thrust block; probable light-
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poss light-toned blast mark
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prob test article/apparatus in front of environmental
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shelter at thrust block; motor case inside test
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position
environmental shelter at thrust block; open prob test
article/apparatus container inside test position
Large crane and environmental shelter away from thrust block
environmental shelter at thrust block open; prob test
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article/apparatus container inside test position
same as except 10-m crate on transporter east of
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poss test indicated by discoloration of barricade above
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thrust block (complete coverage not available)
darken ed area on blast apron
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nviron mental shelter at thrust block
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small environmental shelter and vehicle
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Environmental shelter and large crane away from thrust block
small environmental shelter at west side of thrust block;
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crate inside test position
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environmental shelter at thrust block; small environmental
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shelter at west side of thrust block
dark-toned blast mark environmental
shelter at thrust block; 10-m crate on transporter east of test position
large crane near prob test apparatus at thrust block
Large crane and environmental shelter away from thrust block
Small environmental shelter at thrust block; vehicle/object near
small environmental shelter
Large crane and environmental shelter away from thrust block
Environmental shelter at thrust block; poss object near environ-
mental shelter
Large crane and environmental shelter away from thrust block
Environmental shelter at thrust block; small environmental shelter
at west side of thrust block
lanted-roofed crate inside test position aligned
with thrust block
10-m crate on transporter east of test position
Environmental shelter and large crane away from thrust block
environmental shelter at thrust block; vehicle/object
near environmental shelter; 10-m crate on transporter east of
test position
prob light-toned blast mark
Large crane and environmental shelter away from thrust block
environmental shelter at thrust block
10-m crate on transporter east of test position
prob test apparatus aligned with thrust block
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Table 2A.
Test-Related Equipment at Biysk Solid Motor Test Area II
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET/WNINTEL
Description
crate
Diams of handling rings:
outer inner
Prob test
article
Prob test
apparatus on
transporter
motor
prob test article/
apparatus
container
motor
motor
segment
Diams of handling ring:
outer inner
Diams of handling ring:
outer inner
10-m crate on
transporter
10-m crate on
transporter
Prob test
equipment
Poss motor
(dimensions could not
be determined);
Diams of handling rings:
outer
10-m crate on
transporter
East of test position
Inside test position
Open storage area near
thrust block
Open storage area
(moved since
Open storage area
Near and aligned with
thrust block
At thrust block
Near thrust block
Inside test position
Inside test position
East of test position
Inside test position
East of test position
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Prob test support near thrust block
vehicle
slanted-roofed
crate
10-m crate on
transporter
10-m crate on
transporter
Prob test
support vehicle
10-m crate on
Prob test
cradles
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near thrust block
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Table 3.
Motors/Motor Containers at Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
Solid Motor Production Plant
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET/WNINTEL
Description
container
container
container
motors
motor/motor Case prep area
motor/motor Case prep area
prob Curing area
canvas- Non-destructive
covered motor/motor test area
container
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Table 4.
Activity at Kemerovo Solid Motor Production
Plant-Rocket Motor Test Area
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET/WNINTEL
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Prob components Railcars at separately fenced components test bldg
Poss test
activity
Prob thrust reversal test indicated by small light-toned
bilateral blast mark on blast apron of type C test cell
Railcars on spur to type C test cell moved to different
position
No test activity
Test activity boxcar on railspur near assem/checkout bldg
test at type C test cell indicated by dark-toned blast
and melted snow
Maintenance/ debris cleared from blast apron at type C test cell
construction
Poss test
activity
stacks of construction materials in receiving area
evidence of prob controlled burning of vegetation near
type C test cell; earth grading for construction in components
test area
Prob thrust reversal test indicated by small light-toned
bilateral blast mark on blast apron at type C test cell; 2
motors/motor containers on railspur near type C test cell
Prob thrust reversal evidence since=suggests test series
3 motors/motor containers removed from
railspur near type C test cell
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Solid Motor Assembly and Test Support Facility
31. (S/WN) The expansion program, underway at this facility since 1977, appeared essentially
complete during the reporting period, with only one building remaining under construction. All other
buildings were externally complete and appeared operational. Missile railcars including canister-/capsule
(CAN-/CAP)-type flat cars have been observed on the railspur serving one of the missile storage buildings
(Figure 12). Activity at Plesetsk indicated that CAN-/CAP-type ground support equipment will be used
with a new small-solid ICBM.3 Possibly, the CAN-/CAP-type railcars at Pavlograd will be used to transport
the new medium-solid ICBM.3 A missile assembly building in the northwest corner of the facility was in
the midstage of construction.
Ordnance Research-and-Development Facility
32. (S/WN) Construction was continuing during the period on the expansion program which began
in 1977 (Figure 13). This program has consisted of work on two large fabrication buildings, one nearly
complete and the other in the midstage of construction. The movement of missile railcars indicated that
the construction program has not affected the operational capacity of the original facility. No CAN-/CAP
trains or SS-18-associated equipment was observed during this period.
Solid Motor Test Facility
33. (S/WN) Renovations and modifications-in preparation for new test programs-continued at
both the horizontal and vertical test areas (Figure 14). A probable test article checkout building was
complete near the HTP, and the interior of the position revetment had been resurfaced with precast
concrete slabs. Test monitoring equipment was being installed in the berm around the thrust block, and a
larger earthen blast deflector had been built. Tracks were installed from the thrust block along the center
line of the blast apron to a perpendicular spur which exits the HTP and splits into a double spur. Five
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Table 5.
Activity at Pavlograd Solid Motor Test
Facility-Horizontal Test Position
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET/WNINTEL
Description
-1 environmental shelter outside test position; large
crane at southeast end of blast apron; 2 large cranes near
thrust block
environmental shelter outside test position; repair
of blast walls and apron; conduit from entrance to test
position and to test support bldg ucon
=environmental shelter at thrust block; sections of track
and large crane inside test position
environmental shelter and large crane inside test position;
motors/motor container at entrance to test position; conduit
from solid motor test facility (SMTF) to Pavlograd Solid Motor
Assembly and Test Support Facility
Modification/test
equipment receipt
Modification/test
equipment receipt
Modification
facility upgrade
2 large cranes near environmental shelter
prob diffuser segment on new railspur to test position
additional prob diffuser segment; large crane nearby
prob diffuser segments attached and one separate
Environmental shelter at thrust block
Modification/
test activity
Environmental shelter inside test position; materials/equipment
near thrust block
II prob diffuser segments appeared connected
one prob diffuser segment disjoined; large crane nearby
aving of roads to test position; activity at north upper
4 prob diffuser segments aligned with thrust block and
cable connected to junction boxes in southwest wall of test
position; 3 large cranes in test position; environmental shelter
outside test position
poss Omotor at thrust block; prob diffuser
segments on railspur outside of test position; environmental
shelter and small environmental shelter inside test position
4 prob diffuser segments joined together and
aligned with thrust block; cable connected to junction boxes;
snow melt in northwest half of test position apron; environ-
mental shelter near thrust block
4 prob diffuser segments disassembled on railspur just
inside test position entrance; environmental shelter at southeast
end of test position
nvironmental shelter at thrust block
poss motor at thrust block; large crane near poss motor;
environmental shelter and vehicle at southeast end of test
position; environmental shelter inside test position
Modification/ large crane inside test position
test activity environmental shelter at thrust block, large crane near
environmental shelter
prob motor at thrust block (dimensions not available);
environmental shelter, large crane, and prob motor crate/dolly
inside test position
environmental shelter at thrust block; large crane and
prob motor crate/dolly near environmental shelter
same as except canvas-covered object under
cylindrical segments, each approximately) long and) in diameter, had been mounted
on the tracks, which facilitate the arrangement and transportation of the segments to and from the thrust
block (Figure 15). The function of these segments has not been determined; however, they may
constitute a segmented diffuser system which would provide altitude simulation capability for testing
upper-stage motors. The presence of possible hoses inside the test position when the segments are
aligned at the thrust block supports the above analysis. The possible hoses could be components of a
water-cooled diffuser similar to a US diffuser designed by the Thiokol Chemical Corporation (Figure 15,
inset). Activity involving the segments (referred to as probable diffuser segments) and indications of
possible static testing observed throughout are presented in Table 5.
34. (S/WN) The former SS-18 launch-assist-device (LAD) test position may be undergoing modifica-
tions for the developing and the testing of a LAD for the new medium-solid ICBM.
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25X1
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2.5X1
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2.5X1
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Perm Solid Motor Production Complex
35. (S/WN) No major new construction was begun at the complex since the previous basic report.'
The new solid motor production line, under construction since 1978, was completed during this reporting
period. Construction of the large fabrication building in the CMDB area of the Perm Solid Motor
Production Plant remained in early stages. Although footings for this building had been emplaced by
February 1981, work did not begin on the aboveground structure until the spring of 1982.
36. (S/WN) All other areas of the Perm complex remained relatively unchanged. Evidence of rocket
motor testing (Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19) was frequently observed at both the revetted isolated test
position and at the type A horizontal test cell (Table 6).
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SECRET
Table 6.
Activity at Perm Solid Motor Production
Plant-Rocket Motor Test Area
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET/WNINTEL
poss small test at isolated test position indi-
cated by dark-toned area on blast apron near thrust
block
poss small test at type A test cell indicated
b snow discoloration
poss small test at isolated test position indicated by
dark-toned streaks near thrust block
Large motor test at isolated test position indicated
by dark-toned blast mark extending beyond blast de-
flector
25X1
25X1
snow melt at isolated test position from thrust
block to blast deflector
large crane inside isolated test position
25X1
25X1
Test activity
Test activity
No test activity
Test activity
Test activity
Prob test at isolated test position indicated by prob
light-toned blast mark extending to top of blast deflector
Poss small test at isolated test position indicated by light-toned
streaks near thrust block
Poss test at isolated test position indicated by poss
dark-toned blast mark extending to top of blast deflector
test at isolated test position indicated by dark-
toned blast mark extending to top of blast deflector
Small test at type A test cell indicated by dark-toned
blast mark
large motor test at isolated test position indicated by
Test activity Prob thrust reversal test at isolated test position indicated
by small light-toned bilateral blast mark on blast apron
No test activity
Test activity
prob thrust reversal test at isolated test position
indicated by small light-toned bilateral blast mark on blast apron
large crane and environmental shelter inside isolated
test position
25X1
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25X1
large crane and prob vehicle inside isolated test position
prob small test at isolated test position indicated by
Test activity Prob small test at type A test cell indicated by snow
discoloration
IMAGERY
(S/WN) All applicable satellite imagery acquired through was used in the preparation of this report.
DOCUMENTS
1. NPIC. t Solid Propellant Production Facilities (S), Jul 81 7FX1
(TOP SECRET 25X1
2. NPIC. I RCA-09/0011/80, Activity and Developments at Soviet Solid Propellant Production 25X1
Facilities (S), Aug 80 (TOP SECRET 25X1
3. NPIC.I RCA-01/0011/82, SAL-Related Activities Summary Report 1 March-31May 1982 (5), Jun 25X1
82 (TOP SECRET 25X1
COMIREX J02
Project 542040J
(S) Comments and queries regarding this report are welcome. They may be directed to the Missile Production
Section, Soviet Strategic Forces Division, Imagery Exploitation Group, NPIC, 25X1
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Secret
Secret
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