JPRS ID: 8723 USSR REPORT MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 32
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE: 2U07/02/08: CIA-R~P82-00850RU00'1 00'1 U0032-4
AE ~ n~L , .

i9 OCT46ER i9T9 CFOUO il79) i OF i
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
_ I
- rc~u oFric�~n~. usE oN~.v
JPRS L/8723 -
19 October 1979 -
:
- USSR Re ort =
~
- MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGY
CFOUO 1 /79) ~
~g~~ FOREIG~I BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
NOTE -
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
- newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency , _
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language .
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
- other characteristics retained. ~
Headlines, editorial reports, and material Pnclosed in brackets _
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text) ~
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate,h.'w the original informa.tion was
� processed. Where no processing ind~cator is given, the infor- ~
- mation was summarized or extracted. ~
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- -
_ tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. =
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
_ given by source.
The conCents of ~his publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or at.titudes of the U.S. Government.
For farther information on report content ~
call (703) 351-2938 (economic); 3468 .
- (political, sociological, military); 2726
(life sciences); 2725 (physical sciences).
COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
~ MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE OiVLY.
I
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
r~~x UFFiC1AL USE ONLY
JPRS L/8723 _
~ 19 October 1979
USSR REPORT
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGY
_ (FOUO 1/79 )
Thi, serial publication contains articles, abstracts of articles and news ~
_ iterns from USSR.scientific and technical journ3ls on the specific subjects
reflected in the table of contents. ' .
Photoreproductions of foreign-language sources may be obtained from the
l'hoL-oduplication Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. 20540.
- Requests should provide acequate identification both as to the source and
- the individuul article(s) desired.
CONTENTS FAGE
Composite Materials 1 . _
Physical Chemistry of Composite Materials 1 =
t List of Soviet Articles Dealing With Composi.te Materials 10
~ List of Soviet Articles Dealing With Composite Materials 12
List of. Soviet Articles Dealing With Compos?te Materials 14 -
s List of Soviet Articles Dealing With Composite Materials 17 .
List of Soviet Articles Dealing With Composite Materials 21
Welding 23 -
The Experimental Plant of the Institute of Electric Weldiiig -
- imeni. Ye. 0. Paton 23
Experimental Design--Technological Bureau of the Institute of
Electric W~lding imeni Ye. 0. Paton, UkrSSR Academy of Sciences . 29
~ `
- a- [II~; - USSR 21 G S& T FOUO]
~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ Composite Materials _
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS ~
J Moscow FIZIKOKHIMIYA KOMPOZITSIONNYKH MAiERIALOV in Russian 1978 signed to ~
press 12 Jul 78 pp 3-9, 255
y .
[Foreword and table of contents from book by Ye. M. 5okolovskaya and
- L. S. Guzey, Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Ur.iversiteta, 1940 copies, 255 pages)
[T~xt~ ) Foreword
- The materials currently used in industry operate at the limit of their
potential. Austenitic heat resistant steels cannot be used at temperatures `
of more than 700�C, and the masimum temperature for the use of nickel-
based alloys does not exceed 1000�C. Such parameters no lon~ir satisfy
_ the needs of present-day technology. Refractory metals (tur~bs'ten,
molybdenum, niobium, etc.) and alloys based on them, while displaying high
mE:':~ing points, have a low scaling resistance and require protective
coatings capable of withstanding the effect of aggressive media at h~.~h
temperatures. Refractory nonmetallic matexials such as carbides, nitrides, _
_ etc., as well as ceramic materials, while displaying a high oxidation
resistance, have low heat resistance, impact strength, and tensile strength.
- These shortcomings can be eliminated by developing systems that include ~
muterials with mutually complementing propertie~`/1/. _
In the last 10-15 years interest in exploring new ways of developing high-
strength str~ctural materials with a specified range of inechanical and
physical properties has markedly increas~ad. Currently, as is known, a
~ steel with a maximum ultimate strength of 420 kg/mm2 has been developed. -
However, the practical development of the technology of high-strength
homogeneous monolithic materials does not seem feasible in view of their
_ low plasticity and low ductile fracture strength. Attempts to develop
high-strength homogeneous materials with satisfactory plasticity by such _
traditional hardening methods as alloying, heat treatment, various combina-
tions and metalworking and heat treatm~nt, etc., have not produced the
= desired results.
This is because, as V. S. Ivanova /2/ points aut, the hardening produced
by alloying or by thermoplastic treatment is associated with crystal
- 1 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE OIJLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
lattice distortions of the alloy base, i.e., with an increase in the energy -
= margin of the material. The ultimate limit of the energy margin of the
_ crystal latti.ce due to metalworking or heat treatment is, in accordance
- w1.th V. S. Ivanova's structural-energy theory, determined by the amount
H of the metal's enthalpy at the melting point: Ta
N = ~ CPdT,
Tu -
_ where Tu is the specified temperature, TS is the melting point, and Cp =
is the specific heat. The ultimate dislocation density Pm correspondingly -
_ computed as a function of H, at which the crystal lattice can still be
conserved is limited for metals by a maximum of ^'1014 cm 2. Thus, in the _
- presence of the dislocation density of ^~1014 cm 2 the theoretical rupture _
~ strength is practically attained, but then the degree of distortion of ~
the crystal lattice becomes such that the lattice comes close to an
_ amorphous state. And indeed, thermoplastic treatment can induce in meta'.s -
- only a dislocation.density of the order of 1012 cm 2, which results in
materials wit'~ a specific dislocation structure and an ultimate strength
- of 300-350 kg/mm2. However, a steel hardened to such a level displays -
ma~or shortcomings when used as a structural material, since exposure
- tc rigorous J_oading conditions (low temperatures, dynamic or cyclic loads)
causes a substantial luss of strength in the presence of a defect or crack,
_ so that high-strength materials may then rupture under lower stresses ~
= than m~dium-strength materials /2/.
~ Thus, 1.t is now increasingly obvious that any further advances in the _
technology of high-strength state of alloys, as reached b}~ traditional
methods, collide against the insurmountable barrier of brittleness. _
_ Another major shortcoming of homogeneous metallic materials is their high =
- sensitivity to the scale factor under demanding ~onditions of service.
In receat years the development of a number of branches of the new technology
has required materials dispiaying a combination of low density (up to
3 g/cm3), high modulus of elasticity (15,060-20,i00 kg/mm2), and a low _
- coefficient of linear expansion ((2-5)�10 deg In conventional alloys -
such~a combination of properties is unattainable, since li~ht metals -
(aluminum, magnesium) with a density of 1.7-2.7 g/cm3 have an elasticity
modulus of 5,000-7,000 kg/mm2 and an extremely high coefficient of linear =
- expansion ((20-25)�10-5 deg'1). Refractory alloys (molybdenum and tungsten)
display a comparatively low coefficient of linear expansion ((4.5-6.9)� _
10-6 deg-1) and high elasticity modulus (30,000-40,000 kg/mm2), but their -
density is high, amounting to 10..2-19.2 g/cm3 /3/. ~
According to A. A. Bochvar the principal ways of enhancing the strength of
m~ta.ls are: cold deformation (cold working); fusion with components
entering into the solid solution based on the lattice of the base metal; .
obtaining a high-disperse mixture of phases by quenching to supersaturated
solid solution with subsequent tempering or aging; treatment of alloy with _
2 =
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
o _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
_ ~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ '
components which, already during the process of crystallization, form a new,
harder phase in the form of a network along the boundaries of grains of the =
- principal phase ar in tlze form or a(skeleton) framework in a dendritic
- structure. -
Further hardening in each of the above cases (except casting alloys, which
are not amenable to deformation) can be achieved by applying thermomechanicaY
' treatment, which induces a stable substructure. -
= The simultaneous effect of all the hardening factors mentioned above is
- accomplished at temperatures not exceeding (0.3-0.4) of the melting point T~. -
In particular, this exactly is how steels with a strength reaching 400
a kg/mm2 have been obtained at present.
When the temperature is raised to (0.5-0.6) Tm the hardtning effect of
- the formation of solid solutions markedly diminishes. Hardening due to Fr
� disperse segregations persists until (0.6-0.7) T~, and only an additional
' complication of the composition and structure of the segregating phases
and the cilluying of the matrix solid solution make it sometimes possible
to raise the operat~ng temperature of the alloys to (0.7-0.8) Tm.
The advances in complex alloying combined with optimal heat treatment ~
make it;possible, e.g., to raise the level of operating temperatures of
- nickel al~loys to 1000-1050�C. An additional increase in temperatures (up
= to 1100�C for nickel alloys) is achieved by refinements in technology _
- (e.g., by oriented crystallization).
~ At the same time, it is perfectly obvious that the potential for further
- increase in heat resistance through additional alloying is at present
nearing its limit. What is more, the addition of a large number of alloying ~
- element:s produces adverse consequences: the solidus point of the alloys
- decreases, accumulations of brittle phas~s resulting in a decrease in
fracture strength take form, and, as a result of the deterioration in their
_ plasticity characteristics, many heat-resistant alloys become unamenable to
- technological treatment. This results in a marked gap between the levels
= of heat resistance of casting alloys and deformable alloys.
_ The eiimination of tti~: gap between the requirements of modern technology
~ of structural materials and the potential of classical alloys is achieved -
by developing and using composite materials /4/. ~
For example, accordin>; to an'American forecast of the prospects for using
- composite materials as_heat rasistant materials /5/, the proportion of
composite materials among mat~rials used in at~iation, rocket engineering,
and engine building wlll increase considerably in the immediate future.
A 1970 jet engine consisted~-15 percent of alloyed steels, ^-25 percent of
titanium alloys, and only 3-5 percent of aluminum alloys and composite
_ materials. Superheat-resistant allays (chiefly nickel-based) accounted _
for more than 50 percent of engine weight, and are used in nearly all the
- parts operating at temperatures exceeding 430�C. In 1985 superheat-resistant
- 3 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE UNLY -
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
r~ux ur~r~lc:l[~L USE ONLY
1
_ alloys will continue to account for about 50 percent of engine weight, but
_ the materials used in parts operating at less than 350�C wil~ change
~ markedly. Co:nposite materials will entirely supplant aluminum alloys and =
partially suppl:snt titanium alloys. In parts operatin~ at up to 260�C
composite materials will account for 70-75 percent of the materials used.
- It is extremely difficult to define the concept of "composite material,"
since this term refers to a broad group of combined materials differing
- in structure and in the principles for their development, and moreover
e differing as regards the problems tl-rat have to be resolved for the industrial
utilization of these materials. Apparently, K. I. Portnoy�s definition /3/
applies best here: "Composite materials represent an artificial bulk
combination of two or more materials differing ia form and properties and ~
having distinct mutual interfaces, such that the advantages of each material
are exploited." -
- Thus, composite materials (or at any rate certain of their categories such
as fibrous or ].aminar materials) display to a first approximation the
sum of properties of their components, i.e., assure a combination of
properties in a sin;le material that is not possible in a single substance.
As regards the mechanism of their hardening CM can be divided into tw~
_ groups. Underlying the hardening of the first group is the principle of
the reinforcement of the metal matrix by high-strength loadbearing elements. -
This principle has been implemented earlier in nonmetal structural materials
- such as ferrocon~rete, glass-reinforced plastics, etc. The level of the
_ strength (and heat resistance) of the materials in this group depends
mainly on the properties of the reinforcing elements themselves (continuous
or discrete fibers in fibrous com~osite materials or flat elements in
laminar rnaterials), and the role of the matrix reduces chiefly to a
reclistribuL-ion of stresses between the reinforcing element. ~
In ~M of the second group, which inc~.udes dispersion-hardened alloys, the
leading role in hardening belongs to structural factors. The matrix in
these alloys is the principal loadbearing element, while the role of the
- hardening phase reduces ch:iefly to facilitating the formation of the
- dislocation substructure during the production of the alloys, especially
during their deiormation and heat treatment, as well as to stabilizing
that substructure under operating conditions /6/.
The principal problems to be solved in order to develop materials in each
group are distinguished in accoxdance with th~ above classification.
The CM in the second group--dispersion-hardened alloys--do not fundamentally
differ in their hardening mechanism from the classical aging alloys, the ~
- main difference being that, while in aging alloys the phase ratios are
cietermiiied by the physicechemical processes of decomposition of supersaturated
solid solutions, in dispersion-hardened alloys the phase ratios are
ar.tif.icially specified in the production process /4/. The nrl.ncipal
difficulty is of a technological nature and consists in the need to assure
a uniform distribution of the fine (optimal size 0.01-0.05 }~m) hardening
4~
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- particles (thermodynamically highly stable refractory oxides, carbides,
nitrides, etc.) in the metal matrix, with a mean interparticle distance
of 0.1-0.5 }un.
Ttie CM in the first group are extremely varied and may be divided into
lnminar. (LCM) and fibrous (FCM) compusite material~, with t}ie latter, in =
t}ieir turn, being divided into those hardened by metal fibers and those
hardened by nonmetal fibers. The general an3 principal problem for all
these CM is the pattern of physicochemical interactiou in the solid solution -
between the component parts of the composite (along with a large number of
= other problems speci�ic to each kind of CM). This interaction should,
on the one hand, take place to assure the bonding, so that the composite _
would perform as a single whole. On the other hand, this interaction
should not develop too far, since this might result in the disappearance of
the CM as such and the ultimate formation of an ordinary alloy or, in the
early stages of the interaction, the softening of the hardening component.
The principal obstacle to the development of heat-xesistant CM is the
_ strong interaction between the matrix and fiber at high temperatures. �
_ The ideal high-temperature CM should consist of components existing in -
- a total equilibrium with each other within a maximally broad range of ~
temperatures. However, the ideal case is hardly achievable, since both
fibers and the matrices selected must also meet other requirements, such
as a high unit strength, oxidation resistance, amenability to technological
processing, etc. Hence, for a proper selection of the components of a CM _
designed to obtain some particular properties, a careful study of the
chemical compatibility of the materials of the fiber and matrix is needed.
For a better understanding of "chemical compatibility," two terms have
- been introduced: "thermodynamic compatibility" and "kinetic compatibility"
/7/� -
Thermodynamic compatibility is the state of thermodynamic equilibrium
between matrix and fiber. It is possible only in the case of the so-called
"natural" FCM, e.g., in eutectics with oriented crystallization when one -
of the components acts as the plastic matrix and the other as the
hardening phase. Such CM are exemplified by the systems Co (matrix)-TaC
(hardening phase) or Ni3Nb (matrix)-Ni3A1 (hardening phase). In all other _
cases interaction is inevitable. Even if the change in free energy, as -
computed far standard state, is positi~ve at interaction, at the initial -
_ time instant, when the concentration and hence also the activity of the
_ i-component of matrix in the fiber or conversely is zero, the motive power
of the reaction is infinite so that
~Gi = RT ln ai; ai and 4 Gi =-00 -
Hence in most cases of artificial combining of various components this can
be a question on`Ly oi kinetic compatibility--the state of inetastable ,
equilibrium, which is affected by such factors as diffusion rate, rate of
solid-phase chemical reactions, etc.
5 _
FOR OFFICIti; USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
r~n urrt~ttit, u~~ uivLr
Any question concerning thermodynamic compatibility is answered by the
correspondir.g diagram of phase equilibria. Knowledge of the diagram of
state is particularly needed when developing CM for operation at high
_ te~r?peratures, since the increase in temperature is accompanied by an accelera~
_ tion of the process of attainment of equilibrium and thermodynamic compati- -
bility then becomes increasingly more important. For thermodynamically
unstable, systems diagrams of state also are extremely important, if only
- because they show the sequence of the reactions that will occur in the �
system and thus make it possible to take the necessary measures to eliminate ~
- their effect.
Unfortunately, so far the diagrams of state of such complex multicomponent
- systems as the industrial alloys most promising in the capacity of matrices
have not yet been investigated. Calculations of the free energy of
reactions between matrix and fiUer components are po~sible only in rare
cases, and even then they are only of an approxin~ate nature. There exists
only a small number of studies dealing with research into diffusion in
three-c:omponent systems, and studies of more complex systems are virtually
absent. Thus, all the problems of interactfon in CM at present can be
solved only experimentally, through the investigat~~n of the zones of
interaction--their composition, structure, growth kinetics as a. whole, and ~
individual structural components--as a function of matrix ~nd fiber composi-
tian, temperature, time, and other factors.
The present monograph is devoted to an examination of the physical-chemical
interaction of the components of composite material;s.
Tli~~ ~inr_erest in cor~.posite mater.ial_s is very considerabl.e., This accounts for
the large number of recent publications, including several monographs
- /1,3,4,8-15/, dealing with all the ma,jor problems that must be resolved ,
= in the development of particular composite materials. That literature
devotes principal attention to the hardening mechanisms and the methods of
producing the materials. On the other hand, the problem of the compatibility
= of various components has been relatively uninvestigated, although the
solution of the question of controlled interaction is ~f fundamental
- impor.tance. Without that solution research into new improved and more
technol~gical methods of obtaining these material would be pointless.
Iri this book attention is drawn to the physical chemistry of composite
materials /16/.
- The authors are indebted to Candidates of Sciences A. A. Dityat'yev,
F. llunayev, and Ye. M. Slyusarenko for assistance in preparing the
manuscript. ~
6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
- FOR OFFICIAL USE OIvTLY -
Contents Page L
_
Inrroduction 3
Bibliography 9
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROBLEMS OF THE PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY OF COMPOSITE
MA.TERIALS 10 ~
- Investigat~on of Thermodynamic Properties ~ 11
Determination of Solubility Minimum 27 _
Growth Rate of Intermediate Zone ~2
Bibliography 38 =
CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY OF FIBROUS COMPOSITE MATERIALS 41 -
; Physical-Chemical Interaction of Components in FCM with =
Aluminum-Based Matrix 41
Physical-Chemical Interaction of Components in FCM with
Titanium-Based Matrix 58
- Physical-Chemical Interaction of Components in FCM with
- Nickel-Based Matrix 87
Bibliography " 128
CHAPTER 3. PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH ORIENTED
CkYSTALLIZATION 136
- Phase Transformations of Eutectic Type 136
Phase Transformation$ of Non-Eutectic Type 149
Intermetallic Compounds as a Basis for Heat-Resistant
Composite Materials With Oriented Crystallization 150 '
Bibliography 163
CHAPTER 4. PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY OF LAMINAR COMPOSITE MATERIALS 168
- Physical-Chemical Principles for Obtaining Laminar
Compositions 169 :
- Interaction of Different Metals in the Process of
- Welding a~d Heat Treatment~ 180
Compositions Based on Metals Forming Intermetallic
Compounds 180
Properties o.f Compositions Formed by Mutually Immiscible -
Metals Which Result j.n Eutectic Mixtures 211
Compositions Based on Metals With Unbounded Solubility
in Solid State 21$ _
Bibliography 224 -
CHAPTER 5. PHYSICAL-CHE;i1ISTRY OF DISPERSION-HARDENED MATERIALS 229
Physical-Chemical Principles for the Selection '
-1 of Hardening yhases .231
Mechanisms of Diffusive Coalescence of Hardening Phases 231 �
Thermodynamic Principles for i:he Selection of Hardening
_ Phases 235
Eff~ct of Conditions of Production and Application of
~ Materials on the Stability of Hardening Phases 237
- Methods for Obtaining Dispersion-Hardened Materials 246
- Bibliography FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 253 _
7
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000100104432-4
Bibliography
: 1. "Kompozitsionnyye Materialy Voloknistogo Stroyeniya" [Composite Materials
of Fibrous Structure]. Ed. I. I. Frantsevich and D. M. Karpinos,
Kiev, 1970.
- 2. Ivanova, V. S. "Strength and Plasticity (Heat Res~.stance and Brittleness)
_ of Composite Materials." METALLOVEDENIYE 'i TERMICHESKAYA OBRABOTKA,
_ 1975, Vol 9, p 73.
= 3. "Kompozitsionnyye Metallicheskiye Materialy" [Composite Metal MaterialsJ.
~ Ed. A. A. Tumanov and K. I. Portnoy, Moscow, ONTI, 1972.
1
Portnoy, K. I. and Babich, B. N. "Dispersno-Uprochennyye Materialy
- [Dispersiori-Hardened Materials]. Moscow, Metallurgiya, 1974.
- 5. J~inke, L. P. "The Importance of Processing Technology in the Future
= Development of. Superalloys and the Gas Turbine." J. METALS, 1973, 25, 15.
6. Tumanov, A. T. and Portnoy, K. I. "New Ways of Increasing the Heat
Resistance of Nickel A11oys," DAN, 1971, Vol 197, No 1, p 75.
~ 7. Bates, H. E., Wald, F. and Weinstein, M. A. "A Contribution to the
_ Question on Compatibility Between Metals and Certain High-Modulus
- ?~i~ers." In: lUth National Symposium SAMPE, San Diego, 1966.
8. "Per~pektivnyye Kompozitsionnyye Materialy" [Promising Composite
Materials]. An Anthology. Moscow, OPITr, 1968.
_ 9.. Jvanova, V. S., Kop'yev, I. M., Botvina, L. R., and Shermergor, T. D.
"Uprochneniye Meta"llov Voloknami" ~Hardening of Metals by Fibers].
Moscow, Nauka, 1974.
- 10. f.vanova, V. S., Kop'yev, I. M., Yelkin, F. M., Busalov, Yu. Ye.,
TSelyayev, V. I. and Kasperovich, V. B. "Aluminiyevyye i Magniyevyye
splavy, Armirovann,yye Volokname" [Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys
Reintorced by Fibers]. Moscow, Nauka, 1974.
11. "Sovremennyye Kompositsionnyye Materialy" [Modern Composite Materials].
Ed. L. Broutman and R. Krock, [Russian translation]. Moscow, Mir, 1970.
17.. Hollister, G. S. and Thomas, K. "Materialy Uprochnennyye Voloknami"
_ [Fiber-l~ardened Materials] [Russian translationl. Moscow, Metallurgiya,
1969.
- 7.3. Broutman, L. J. and Krock, R. H. Composite Materials. N. Y.-L., 1974.
14. Somov, A. I. and Tikhonovskiy, M. A. "Evteticheskiye Kompozitsii"
[Eutectic Compositions]. Moscow, Metallurgiya, 1975.
~
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE OP1LY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4
FOR OFFICTAL USE ONLY
- 15. Sokolovskaya, Ye. M. "Certain Problems of the Physical-Chemistry and
Technology of Composite Materials." In book: "Problemy Khimii i
Khimicheskoy Tekhnologii" [Problems of Cnemistry and Chemical Technology].
Moscow, Nauka, 1977, p 18.
a
16. Proceedings of the 1978 International Conference on Composite Materials,
ed. B. Notton, R. Cignoralli, K. Streets, and L. Phillips. April 16-20,
- 1978, Toronto, Canada. The Metal. Soc. AIME, N. Y., 197i3 _
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1978
' 138G
CSO: 1870 _
_ ~ -
- 9
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4
LIST Or SOVIET ARTICLES DEALING WITH COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Moscow COSUDARSTVENNYY KOMITET SOVETA MINISTROV SSSR PO NAUKE I TEKFINIKE.
_ AKAD~MIYA NAUK SSSR. SIGNAL'NAYA INFORMATSIYA. KOMPOZITSIONNYYE MATERIALY
in Russian Vol 4 No 7, 1979 pp 3-5
[I'ollowing is a listing of the Soviet en~tries from SIGATAL'NAYA INFORMATSIYA.
- KOMPOZITSIONNYYE MATERIALY (SIGrIAL INFORMATION. COMPOSITE MATERIALS), a ~
= b ibliographic publication of VINITI. This listing is from Vo~. 4, No 7, 1979]
- [Excerpts]
- 1.. "'Chermal Processes During the Casting of Bimetal of the Steel-Bronze Sys- .
tem," Skvortso~, A. A., Ver;hinin, P. I., Golubev, A. M., Krasil'shikov, V.
Ya. and Bakrin, ~u. N. IZV, VUZOV. CHERN. METALLURGIYA, No 12, 1978, 109-113.
2. "Indexes of Technological Effectiveness of the Fusion Weldin; of Bimetal
Compc~unds," F'il'dzhyan, R. P. PROTSESSY, TEKHNOL. I KONTROL'V KRIOGEN. MASHI-
- NOSTR, Balashikha, 1978, 117-124. _
3. "A Method for Investigating Temperature-Induced Stresses it~ Composite
Models," Ushakov, E. N., Frolov, I. P, and Pen'kova, T. N. ZAVUDSK. LABOR.,
_ [,c~ ~ 7_ ~ i {,~n~~~!i~ ~
;~~~f~.
~ ~ ~ ~ _
S, ri~ i -
. , . - . . ?rr.G,;~.:~. .
ri~ure S. U-599 furnace for Figure 6. Programmed control ,
_ p.lasma-arc remelting. systems for c~ntrol of parameters _
of electron-beam welding. -
Specialized thyristor drives, arc voltage regulators, programming devices,
- time regulators for seam and spot welding, various tracking systems, in-
cluding systems with automatic joint search, have been created and put
_ in use. This has significantly increased the level of automation of
welding equipment and the reliability of control systems. In pipe pro-
- diiction, industrial television installations have been introduced, allowing
the conditions of labor to be made easier, while increasing the quality
of welding. Systems for automatic directi~on of an electron beam to a -
joint and systems for programmed control of the welding parameters (Figure .
6) have been developed, allowing automation of the welding of important -
parts with variable thickness of the material being joined. The Gor'kiy -
34 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850ROOQ1 Q010Q032-4
. _
FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY ~
Motor Vehicle Plant has manufactured the first industrial robot in the USSR -
- for contact spot and arc welding, designed in cooperation with the Institute -
of. Flectric Welding and the OKTB.
C?ver 5~ types of welding equipment designed by the Institute are being series
produced at 12 plants in the country. The experimental plant of the Institute
~ itself manufaetures small batches of about 20 types of equipment for various
_ methods of welding.
In the two decades of its existence, the OKTB of the Institute of Electric -
Welding imeni Ye. 0. Paton has accumulated valuable experience in the crea-
. tion of equipment for mechanized welding and its introduction into the na- _
tional economy. Using this experience, the OKTB is significantly expanding =
J work on standardization and aggregation of equipment in order to produce
welded hardware and equipment made of standard modules. This will allow a ~
further increase in the level of inechanization and automation of welding -
across the nation. ' -
COi'YRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Naukova dumka", "Avtomaticheskaya svark~," 1979
6508
CSO: 1842
~ il
_ ~ - END -
35
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000100100032-4