SOVIET CONTROL AND THE SOVIETIZATION OF POLISH INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00415R002300100009-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 29, 2012
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 21, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/02/29: CIA-RDP83-00415R002300100009-5
4. CENTRAL I NTELUG I
INFOIRMATIO
COUNTRY Poland
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE trs rwr~O
Soviet Control and the Sovietization
of Polish Industry
TMIE COMMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF VHS UNITED STATES WITNIN tug MEANING OF THE EEPIOMAGN ACT to
V. O. C.. 3$ AND $2. AN ANIMDID. ITS TRANSDIP$ION ON INS OEVELATtON
OF ITS CONTEST& It ANY MANNER TO AN U1IN.I NORIZEO PIR/ON IS MO.
NIOITEO IT LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS PCAM IS POONIEITED. N01T.
(YIN.INPORMAfON CONt*IUEO IN BODY OF THE FORM NAY OR VTILiZED
Al 0EE0EO OICIEEANY /V THE RECEIVING AGENCY.
is
2.
The Centrals Urzad 1lanowania - CUP (Central planning office)
was formed in the autumn of 1945 for the purpose of elaborating
the State Economic Plan. Czeslavz Bobroweki was appointed
chairman and held the office till the end of February 1948,
when ISinc succeeded in getting him dismissed. (Ti:is occurred
at a session of the EconorAc Committee of the Council of
Ministers which lasted more than ten hours. The activities of
the CUP were strong]y criticized, and when ?sine, the chairman
of the Economic Committee, demanded Bobronski's dismissal, the
motion was carried. None of the people present dared to defend
Bobrowski although Cyrankiewiez had promised him that PPS, of
which he (Bobrowski) is a member, would protect him, since his
activities were in accordance with PPS policy.)
R_m nt: Bobrowski was sent ~ as ?.linister
DATE DISTR.21 June. 1%q 50X1-HUM
NO. OF PAGES 7
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION FOR THE RESEARCH
USE OF TRAINED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS 50X1-HU
Soviet control and the General Sovietization of Polish Industry is
being brought about as outlined below (aside from the influence
directly exercised to this end by Hilary I.U.nc, Minister of Industry
and Tirade, a devotee of Mloscow, and virtually economic dictator of
Poland).
Central Planning
was announced that he had been relieved of the chairman..
STATE
ARMY
X1
CLASSIFICATION StCI T C0.n20x .U.S. OTTT_^.mxs OIILY
ship of CUP at his own request. The now Chairman of (UP is
Dr. Tadeusz Barnaba Dietrich, Deputy Minister of Finance.)
b. The Chairman is assisted by two Vice-Chairmen. One of these,
Drutto, a proven Comunist, was quite recently appointed Polish
Ambassador The other is Enr*ineer ?.iieczyslaw Popiel,
a well known ardent Communist. Popiel was in 'Yoscow during the
war and became a member of the Head Administration of the Union
of Polish Patriots in 1943. He is now a member of Parliament,
a member of the PPR, and Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary
Commission for Industry.
c. The tasks of the Vice-Chairmen of CUP are:
Cl
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SECRET CONTROL
U.S. 01"1%("ICLIY
CENTRAL INTcLLTGENCE AGFNCT
To supervise the Chairman.
To introduce into the State Economic Plan all the PPR targets,
which are always in accord with Soviet interests.
d. CUP controls the planning of all Polish economic life by the
following means:
CUP is divided into professional departments, which plan the
econon of all industries and large industrial organizations.
The greatest care is taken in the selection of personnel for
these departments. For example, the head of the Communications
Department, which plans and controls the reconstruction and
development of railways, production of rolling stock, construc-
tion of railways, roads, and in'part, of motor cars, telegraphs,
to hones, radio networks, etc., is Stefan Askanas, a Polish
Communist,, devoted to the USSR. ' ead of the-Agri-
c ural Department is Rzechowski, a
Communist, also devoted o n e USSR,, an eager to establish the
collective earning (kolkhoz) system in Poland.
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
3a The Three-Year Economic Plan.
a. In itself the Three-Year State Economic Plan contains nothing
which could definitely be described as "Sovietization of Polish
Industry" in the sense of "obedience to Soviet demands", but it
likewise contains nothing which goes against Soviet interests.
A detailed analysis of the plan, however, shows that Soviet
interests receive special consideration.- This is clearly evi-
dent in the execution of the plan, which, while it may actually
fall far short of the planned targets, shows that the recon-
struction and development of Polish industry are particularly,
if not exclusively, promoted in those sectors of Polish
econoaV which are of positive value to the USSR.
b. The fundamental premises of the State Economic Plan, accepted
by the highest economic and PPR Party authorities, are:
Indivisibility of the Regained Territories.
Dependence of Polish industry on supplies of materials and
tools from abroad.
Low salaries for the workers.
4.
The first is always used as a propaganda trump-card,'certain of
gaining the support of all classes of the population. The last
two are never mentioned openly, for quite obvious reasons.
Planning Department of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.
a. Apart from the central CUP organization, the Ministry of Industry
and Trade has its own independent Planning Department. This is
headed by Shrineer Novrotny, (real, name said to 50X1-HUM
be Finkelstein) and a Communist. the one hand, Novrotr- is in
direct liaison with the Industrial Section of the Central Com-
mittee of PPR, and, on the other, with the Commercial Attache of
the Soviet Embassy in 7arsaw.
SECRET CONTROL
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
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U.S. O F F I ~ F ' E Y
CLNTRAL INTi LLIGTNC': AGENCY
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b. The Planning Department of the Ministry of Industry and Trade
draws up the plans for the execution in the various industries
of the ?eneral State Plan. In the actual execution, there can
and do occur deviations from the CUP plan without previous
reference to CUP. In this manner, Soviet desiderata can be-
introduced easily and without publicity.
c. Me Soviet requests and demands brought forward through the
Mine and Novrotny offices are quite imperceptible at, the
directorate levels of the different branches of industry.
However, enthusiasm is aroused among the people engaged in
those branches of industry which are being developed in con-
formity with Soviet requirements, as they receive special
supplies under various foreign trade agreements, including
those with the USSR. The most striking examples are to be
found in the coal and textile industr es, and in the pro-
duction of coal cars. In the case of the last mentioned,
output is to be exported to the USSR after home requirements
for 1948 have been met.
5, The occupation of key positions by persons loyal to the USSR is
practically complete. The Minister of Industry and Trade, the
Vice Ministers and departmental chiefs, with the exception of less
important departments,, such as the General and the Technical, are
all members of the PPR, Communists loyal to the regime and, either
directly or indirectly, to Moscow. This applies also to all
directors of central administrations of the different industries..
The employment of nonparty professional man in technical admin-
istrative posts as trade directors and, in a few cases, general
managers in less important industrial concarns, has no influence
on the execution of the -,eneral plan. It is not necessary, from
the point of view of the regime, to divest the apparatus of all
the professional non-party men ar>d to replace them with non-
professional Party members. On the contrary, the giving of high
racking positions to some non-party experts provides them also
with an incentive to greater efforts in science and labor. Such
treatment is likewise designed to induce more Polish tech eians
to return from abroad. All persons traveling abroad on technical
missions from Poland are commissioned by the Department of Cadres
to recruit their colleagues from abroad for Polish industry at
home.
h. Persona] and Political Control of-, 2yess,
Personal and political control of individual employees is organized
in complete accordance with the USSR system,
a. The Department of Cadres in the Ministry of Industry and Trade,
although itself of no economic importance, controls all
personnel policy. From the highest to the lowest posts in
industry, no one can be appointed, transferred or moved without
the approval of this department.
b. Chief of the Department of Cadres is Engineer Jan Pomorskci,
Vice Minister of Industry and Trade, Communist, member of I'PR
He has the full confidence of Mine, and, naturally, of the
Central Committee of PPR.
c. Deputy Chief of the Department of Cadres is Ludwik Pol,
Communist, member of PPR, who is in liaison with the Industrial
SECRET CONJTP(IL
U.S. OFFICIALS OVLY
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U.S. OFF'i , , ' 1LY
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Section of the Central Committee of PPR and in direct contact with
the Ministry of Security. Ludwik Pol is about to be transferred
from the Ministry of Industry and Trade to the post of Chief of
Industrial Section of the Central Committee of PPR. Nearly all
the departmental chiefs in the Ministry of Industry and Trade
are active members of PPR and of much lower rank in the hierarchy
of the Party than Pol.
d. Although the Department of Cadres forms a part of the Ministry
of Industry and Trade, the actual authority over it lies with
the Industrial Section of the Central Committee of PFR and not
with the Banister of Industry and Trade, Who does not exercise
the right to appoint or release anyone without the approval of
the Department.
e. At every level of industrial organization, in each factory or
commercial undertaking without exception, all personnel matters
are decided, not by the manager of the concern, but by its
Personnel Bureau, which is directly subordinate to the Depart-
ment of Cadres.
f. The authority of the_Personnel. Bureau includes the control and
approval of payroll; selection for service journeys, control of
accounts for such journeys, control of leave, organization of
factory kitchens, supplementary food, clothing, etc.
g. There is one representative of the Bureau for every 15-20
people. These representatives function under various covers,
such as timekeepers, attendance supervisors, salary checkers,
educational instructors, canteen stewards, etc. Their task
is to collect information, by means of which they keep a check
on every worker and employee. These representatives of the
Personnel Bureau are all hand-picked members of PPR or cones
nected with the party by ties of strict and severe 4iscipline.
Every section of the Personnel Bureau has its own "investiaiort?.
h. The collected information, supplemented by additional informa-
tion obtained each week, is entered in the card indexes, with
the result that a clear picture is available of the political
conduct of each person, from the lowest to highest ranks.
i. The personnel card index of a factory or industrial enterprise
is inaccessible to the Manager of the concern, except in the
event of his being a higher ranking member of PPR than the
Manager of the Personnel Bureau.
j, The following table illustrates the method of registration of
personal particulars by the Personnel Bureau.
SECRET CONTROL
Ja..
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
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Files kept in
Central
Directorate
Administration
s cr :ption
Factory or
of the
to Which the
Industrial
particular
Industry
Enterprise
Industry
belongs
Para el
o leek1y up-
workers
Card Index
to-date
lists
Inte" ec-
tual
workers
Card Index
Copy
Direc tore
of Factory
or Indus-
trial
Enterprise
mplayees
in D3rec-
torate of
the
Industry
~3.Y't C ors
j of Direc--
torate of
the
Industry
'employees
in Cen-
tral AAd-
ministra-
tion of
the
Industry
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U.S. OF-F--ICI i~'L3 G?LY
SECRET
C W[ 1 IWELT, IG:~'~1 CE A. JCy
Card Index
Card Index
Depart-rent
of Cadres
Gard 1rdex
The personal records compiled in this manner and cori+inually
supplemented, provide complete control from the security,
layalty and political points of view. The influence of this
control is visible in the decrees and orders, concerning ap.-
po1ntm?nts, releases and transfers which are issued at the
instigat:iori of the Personnel Bureaus Common instances are
the appointment to professional positions, in furtherance of
Personnel fur:-.au policy, of persons without professional
qualifications,,who must be tolerated by the management,
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U. S. OFE&I Y
CENTRAL INTPELLIGF4NCE AGENCY
1. The imitation of Soviet police methods outlined above was
introduced under the pretext of centralizing information
concerning the small available number of technical personnel,
for the purpose of better utilizing their services. The
system was established by the Industrial Section of the
Central Committee of the PPR and is a faithful copy of the
USSR model.
m. The Department of Cadres of the Mini.strv of Industry and
Trade is very much in the hands of the all-important Indus-
trial Section of the Central Committee of the PPR. In its
turn, the Industrial Section is in direct liaison with and
obedient to the wishes of the Commercial Attache of the
Soviet Embassy in Warsaw, at 2, Al. Szucha.
n, The attached chart shows the channels through which control
of industry is effected.
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SECR7T COW1ROL
U.S. OFFICI.ZS ONLY
CENTRAL IfTELLI TATCE AGENCY
_7- A
SEC
POLITICAL BURF IU CAF PPR
CENTh L C0! fIT'1EE
OF PPR
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
I Incl. H. EIITIT
r,~INIS TRY OF INDUS TRY & "_i.AT)E
i
Minister : H. MINC
., i Vice Minister: J. P011ORSKI
Chief: J. P0'.ORSKI
Deputy Chief: L. POL
N
PT 'tS0NNEL BURVAUX OF:
CENTRAL At1INISTRATION OF
an individual INDUS TRY
DIRECTORATNS OF
an individual INDUSTRY
FACTORIES or COP"_'."_FRCLAL
ENTf-'RPRISES
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u.s.OiS? ??TONLY
_7_ B
ECONOMIC CO!' .Q TrEE OF
COUNCIL OF I:?.I'1IST.
/Incl. H. ITNC .
CEN2tAL OFFICE OF PLANNING
C.U.P./
Chairman : C. BOBRO'"SKI
OTHER 1EPiRTT.'I'TJTS
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