ELECTRIC METALLURGY IN THE YUGOSLAV FIVE-YEAR PLAN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700030683-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 683
• Publication Date: January 8, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700030683-9
CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED RESTRICTED
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORJ
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY
DATE OF
INFORMATION
1950
SUBJECT
HOW
DATE DIST.
/Jan 1952
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
Month
Ljubl
ly
jan
periodic
a
al
NO. OF PAGES
2
DATE
Jan 19
50
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
Sloven
ia
n
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
ELFn;TRIC METALLURGY IN THE YUGOSLAV FIVE-YEAR PLAN
Prior to the war, the electric power stations in Yugoslavia produced
1,100 million kilowatt-hours Aost of this power came from the large hydro-
electric power stations on the Cetina. K~ks, and Drava rivers, some medium-
sized power stations on the Pliva and the Sava rivers, and some power stations
of industrial and mcn cipal significance
Most of the enormous water-power petentia' was not utilized; hundreds of
thousands of tons of coal burned in storage, and billions of tons of lignite
remained unused in the mines
A unified plan to electrify all Yugoslavia has never existed, so Yugo-
slavian electrification covered only a few areas in the West
By 1951, Yugoslavia will have built new electric power stations with a
total capacity of 1,550,000 kilowatts and have boosted the production of
electric power to 4,350,000,000 kilowatt-hours, or almost four times the
prewar production.
The Five-Year Plan calls for thetmining and electric-metallurgy indus-
tries to use approximately 1,520,000 kilowatt-hours, or 35 percent of the
total amount of power produced.
For a better understanding of the function and importance of the electric-
metallurgy industry, the furnace in which iron ore is smelted must be con-
sidered first. To obtain one ton of pig iron approximately one ton of metallur-
gical coke must be used. Only one third of the coke is consumed in reducing
the ore, while two thirds of it is used to produce the heat needed to dry the
ore, burn the limestone, melt the slag and pig iron, and bring them all to a
temperature of about 1,300 degrees centigrade.
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/17: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700030683-9
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Consequently, the desire to replace expensive metallurgical coke with
some other fuel, or at least that part which has no other function than to
produce adequate heat for heat and melting the contents of the smelting furnace,
is understandable, er since it
own that a spark trodesvreleases heataintense enough to melt even those smeta gap als most between eto
melting, and that anything inserted in the gap reaches an extremely high tem-
perature, efforts have been made to make industrial use of the heat so produced.
This, of course, became possible with the construction of big generators, trans-
formers and electric furnaces. The amount of electric power needed for an elec-
tric furnace is very great; approximately 2,500 kilowatt-hours are required for
each ton of pig iron.
Under certain conditions, the electric smelting furnace can replace the
ordinary smelting furnace. Ferromanganese, which is needed in steel manufac-
ture, can be produced from manganite in the electric smelting furnace just as
well as in the ordinary furnace. By using electric power, Yugoslavia has saved
approximately 1,700 kilograms of coke per ton of ferromanganese; this process
requires approximately 3,500 kilowatt-hours. The net gain has been so satis-
factory that Yugoslavia will produce ferromanganese chiefly in electric furnaces.
Other useful metals and alloy3 which can be produced economically only in
the electric furnace are ferrosilicon, which is obtained from pure quartz, ferro-
chrome obtained from chromium, ferrowolfram, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, and a
long list of metals and alloys required for special tools and stainless steel.
Calcium carbide is produced in electric furnaces from lime and coke. The
production of synthetic rubber depends on the carbide furnace. One modern elec-
tric furnace for carbide requires as much as 40,000 kilowatt-hours (this exceeds
the maximum power that the Fala Power Station can generate).
Other 4xtremely important materials which can be produced only with the
help of electric power and intensely high temperatures axe electrographite from
coke, corundum from bauxite, and silicon carbide or carborundum from quartz.
The production of metallic magnesium and other light metals is also con-
nected with the electric-furnace method; so is the electrolytic production of
zinc and copper.
The production of high-grade steel in the electric furnace consumes about
1,000 kilowatt-hours per ton of steel.
Electric power consumed in the production of one ton of pig iron is 2,500
kilowatt-hours; steel, 1,000; ferromanganese, 3,500; ferrochrome, 8,000; ferro-
silicon, 18,000; ferromolybdenum, 15,000; ferrowolfram, 7,000; ferrotitanium,
6,000; aluminum, 22,000; magnesium, 25,000; electrographite, 10,000; corundum,
5,000; carborundum, 10,000; calcium carbide, 2000; zinc (electrolyzed), 3,600,f
and copper (electrolyzed), 400.
The electric metallurgical production of the metals, alloys, and materials
required for the fulfillment of the Five-Year Plan will utilize 2,200,000,000
kilowatt-hours, or half the power which Yugoslavia will be able to produce in
1951. The remaining power will be reserved for railroads, mines, transporta-
tion, agriculture, household ust, and possible losses
Electric metallurgical plants are eery flexible in operation and can adapt
their production to available power.
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