STATUS OF USSR PEAT INDUSTRY AT END OF 1953 AND TASKS FOR 1954

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700180225-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 225
• Publication Date: May 7, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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STATUS OF USSR PEAT INDUSTRY AT END OF 195 AND TASKS FOR 1951,
Torfyanaya Promyshlennost', No 1
Moscow, Jan 1954
The peat industry of the Ministry of Electric Power Stations and Electrical
Industry USSR has, in recent years, achieved a further increase in peat extrac-
tion and in mechanization of a considerable part of labor-consuming operations.
However, in 1953, unfavorable weather conditions made it impossible for the major-
ity of peat enterprises ui Glavtorf (Main Administration of Peat Industry) to ful-
fill the year plan for basic indexes. This is forcing workers of the peat indus-
try to carry out measures for increasing the extraction of peat under any weather
conditions.
Glavtorf completed the 1953 plan for gross peat production 91.5 percent, in-
cluding lump peat 104.6 percent and milled peat 78.1 percent.
Rainy weather persisted in a number of areas during the decisive months for
the extraction, drying, and gathering of peat. Consequently, 26.3 percent of all
lump peat extracted by the enterprises was inadequately dried.
Enterprises of the Leningrad Peat Trust did particularly unsatisfactory work
in the fulfillment of the plan for gross output, achieving a figure of only 62.8
percent. Other lagging trusts were the Yaroslavl' Peat Trust, with an achievement
of 78.6 percent; the Kalinin Peat Trust, with 80.5 percent; and the Ivanovo Peat
Trust, with 89.7 percent.
Although Glavtorf as a whole failed to fulfill the 1953 plan for peat out-
put, some peat trusts did fulfill the plan: the Kirov Peat Trust, with an achieve-
ment of 138.4 percent; the Sverdlovsk Peat Trust, with 113.0 percent; the Belo-
russian Peat Trust, with 103.4 percent; the Lithuanian Peat Trust, with 105.2
percent; and the Gor'kiy Peat Trust, with 106.2 percent.
The directors of some peat enterprises have not properly organized the tech-
nological process for extracting and drying peat and have not put the drying system
in order.. The drains in the Naziya and Tesovo I enterprises of the Leningrad
trust were poorly made and exploited, which was also the case in the Dunilovskiy
enterprise of the Yaroslavl' trust and the Gusev enterprise of the Ivanovo trust.
The failure to supply peat enterprises with fields was a contributing factor
to the failure to fulfill the plan for extracting milled peat. As of 1 June 1953,
peat enterprises had only 94.5 percent of the required amount of fields. The
following peat trusts experienced the greatest shortage, receiving only the fol-
lowing percentages of their requirements: the Lithuanian Peat Trust, 61.7; the
Belorussian Peat Trust, 83.5; the Yaroslavl' Peat Trust, 93; and the Shatura Peat
Trust, 96.3.
Peat enterprises coped more successfully with the delivery of peat to con-
sumers, fulfilling the 1953 plan 101.3 percent,
Despite the indicated failures in the fulfillment of the plan for peat out-
put, the past year marked a further ncrease in mechanization of production pro-
cesses. Operations for extracting, drying, and gathering milled peat were com-
pletely mechanized. All peat extracted by,the excavator method was spread out
by machines on the drying fields. Mechanization of pipe transfer by MPT machines
for hydropeat has increased to 40.2 percent, and 25.3 percent of all extracted
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lump peat was gathered by UKB-T and UKB-SKS machines as against 13.8 percent
in 1952. The extraction of milled peat by the UPF-2 and PUM-3e electrical ma-
chines has also increased considerably.
UKB-TUM machines operated successfully at the Orekhovo, Kirov, and Gor'kiy
peat enterprises, where the plan for mechanized gathering was exceeded. Mech-
anized gathering of lump peat by UKB-TUM machines proceeded badly in peat enter-
priseQ of the Leningrad, Kalinin, Yaroslavl', and Ivanovo trusts. The chief
reason for this wan the unsatisfactory preparation of the fields and the long
periods the machines were idle because the peat was in an unsuitable condition
for gathering. The UKB-TUM machines were particularly ineffectual in the Gusev
and the Markovo-Sbornyy enterprises of the Ivanovo trust, the Vasil'yevskiy Mokh
enterprise of the Kalinin trust, and the Tesovo I and Naziya enterprises of the
Leningrad trust.
The level of mechanized transfer of pipes reached 40.2 percent in the 1953
season instead of the 70 percent fixed by the plan. The main reasons for this
failure were as follows: the unsatisfactory preparation of the flood fields for
the normal transfer of machines; many idle periods for the machines, amounting
to 66.7 percent of the entire time; inadequate qualifications of personnel who
serviced the MPT machines; and tardiness in delivery of machines from the Kuz-
netsk Machinery Plant.
To cope auccessfully with the plan fo: extracting hydrcpeat in 1954, direc-
tors of peat enterprises must, in the first place, put drying networks into de-
pendable order in sections where peat is to be dried.
As was indicated above, a large amount of lump peat remained undried and
ungathered in the 1953 season. In 1954, where lump peat is gathered by machin-
ery, it will be necessary to gather incompletely dried peat also by mechanized
methods
The chief task of workers of the peat industry in 1954 is not only the eomple-
tion of the fixed plan for peat output, but also the further mechanization of
production processes, the assurance of increased performance per machine and per
worker, improvement in work organization for all links of the technological pro-
cess, and assurance of continued delivery of peat to electric power stations and
other consumers.
In 1954, the level of mechanization of gathering lump peat by UKB-TUM and
UKB-SKS machines should reach 52 percent as against an actual 1953 achievement
of 25.3 percent.
To assure fulfillment of the plan by peat enterprises, it is necessary to
prepare operators for the machines, to arrange for high-grade and properly timed
repair of the UKB-TLUM and UKB-SKS,machines, to uproot stumps and level the sur-
face of the fields, to check the condition of the drains, and in some cases to
carry out secondary drainage.
In 1954, the stock of electric machines for extracting milled peat is to
be doubled, which means that peat enterprises must prepare peut fields promptly
and construct electric lines, reducer substations, and working lines with out-
lets.
In 1954, the mechanized transfer of pipes for hydropeat should increase to
2.25 times the 1953 level.
An increase in the level of mechanization of production processes in 1954
should incre....e the performance per worker 20.6 percent and decrease production
costs of peat 11.6 percent below the actual indexes for 1953.
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Up to now, problems dealing with the complete mechanization of cleaning
trenches, uprooting stumps, and leveling the surface of fields have not been
solved. These tasks take up the time of about 40 percent of the auxiliary
personnel in the extraction of milled peat.
As of 1 January 1954, peat enterprises of Glavtorf had fulfilled the annual
plan for the repair of machines for the haulage of pipes 94.6 percent, and for
the repair of the TEMP-2 excavator 96.6 percent. The Orekhovo and Kirov peat
trusts are lagging particularly in the repair of machines for pipe haulage, ful-
filling the plan only 66.7 percent and 50 percent, respectively.
The plan for preparing new piling for hydropeat enterprises was fulfilled
81 percent, and the plan for driving in piling, 92 percent. Peat trusts which
failed to fulfill the plan for driving in piling were the Chernoramenskiy with
a fulfillment of 84 percent; the Gor'kiy, 69.5 percent; the Ivanovo, 93.5 per-
cent; the Yaroslavl', 511.4 percent; and the Leningrad, 79.5 percent.
The peat industry had a number of examples of highly productive work in the
1953 peat season; an operator of a UMPF-4 machine of the Beiaya Vaka peat enter-
prise fulfilled his season norm 293.8 percent; an operator of the same type of
machine of the Zenginskiy peat enterprise fulfilled his norm 234.0 percent; two
UMPF-4 operators of the Karinskiy peat enterprise fulfilled their season quotas
223.5 percent and 211.3 percent, respectively. An operator of an UPF machine
in the Karinskiy peat enterprise with his assistant fulfilled the season quota
228.4 percent; two operators of a UKB-SKS unit of the Monetnyy peat enterprise
fulfilled the plan for their unit 148.3 percent.
As a result of socialist competition, workers were awarded titles of Best
Operators by Glavtorf and the Fresidium of the Central Committee of the Trade
Union of Workers of Electric Power Stations and the Electrical Industry as fol-
lows: 134 operators of UMPF machines, 22 groups for the mechanized gathering
of lump peat by the UKB-TUM and the UKB-SKS machines, and 12 groups for the
mechanized transfer of temporary tracks by PPR-2 machines.
In 1953, the plan for organized recruitment of manpower was fulfilled only
86 percent. As a result, a number of enterprises, such as the Naziya, Tesovo I.
Irinovskiy, Chernoramenskiy, Demidovskiy, Chistyy, Gusev, and Vasil'yevskiy Mokh,
were not assured of enough manpower for the season.
The plan for capital construction. In the peat industry was fulfilled 90.1
percent in 1953, including bog development work, 99.6 percent; housing construc-
tion, 94.5 percent; cultural-public buildings, 113 percent; and industrial and
other construction, 80.9 percent.
The following peat trusts performed poorer than the others: the Yaroslavl'
trust, which completed the clan for the period 91.8 percent; the Kalinin trust,
91.3 percent; the Gor'kiy trust 84.6 percent; and the .ortorfostroy trust, 76.1
percent.
The unsatisfactory fulfillment of construction plans in peat enterprises is
caused not only by inadequate preparation for winter, but also by poor organiza-
tion of work and of the working area in a number of construction projects, and
by the absenr.e of set schedules for production operations.
Despite a decrease in the number of seasonal workers, the peat industry
carried out in 1953 an extensive program for housing and cultural-public build-
ing construction. During 1953, peat enterprises constructed 411,400 square meters
of new housing and 92 cultural-public building projects, which will assure further
improvement in the housing and cultural-public building conditions of all work-
ers in.pea`. enterprises. The plan for putting cultural-public buildings into
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use wan fulfilled only 98 percent but the plan for housing was fulfilled 100.4
percent. The Gor kiy, Shatura, and Gortorfostroy trusts did not fulfill the
established plan for putting housing into use.
The Qzeretsko-Neplyuyevskiy, Radovitskiy, Mokeikha-Zybinskiy, Gusev, and
BelayaVaka construction administrations delayed completing construction of
machinery shops, thereby complicating greatly the repair of technological equip-
ment for the 1954 season. Directors of these construction administrations have
promised to force the completion of machinery shops in every way, so that peat
enterprises may be able to complete the repair of equipment.promptly and effi-
ciently.
A number of construction and peat enterprises failed to meet their quotas
for the second half of 1953 for the development and putting into use of new
milled-peat extraction fields; this will cause difficulties in the 1954 peat sea-
son. The greatest lag was shown by the Radovitskiy, Pei'gorskiy, Sormovskly,
Chisto-Borskiy, and Pal'tso construction administrations and the Ryazanovskiy,
imeni Masson, Naziya. Tesovo I, and Varegovo peat enterprises.
The chief tasks of constructors of Glavtorf in 1954 are: completion of
the established plan for capital construction for all indexes, further mech-
anization of construction operations, improvement of work organization and the
working areas, assurance of an increase in the performance of workers and con-
structors, improvement in the quality of performance, and decrease in the costs
of construction.
The work of the contract-construction trusts, Mostorfostroy and Gortorfo-
stroy, should be greatly improved. The Yaroslavl', Kalinin, an; Gor'kiy peat
trusts should also improve their work in the construction cf peat enterprises
with the use of their own labor.
For a number of skills in the peat industry, awards of orders and medals
of the USSR have been established to create a permanent and highly qualified
corps of workers, engineers, and technicians, to increase their material well-
being, and to assure the high-speed development of the peat industry..
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