SECRET SOCIETIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2011
• Sequence Number: 172
• Publication Date: July 16, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
I
C SIFfCATION 0014FITk1'NTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
'NI OR N &ORT
COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Secret Societies
PLACE
ACQUIRED China
DATE
1CAMATION 1926, 1941
penis 0[ MIA. 0ZPIOWOl1o9 e? 11111 PUS II lw9NI111. 000?
99[9,
0*B S1 1f.09stow" DCoofi4;o P wW Of III; OOl0 PAP K oT111110
or US AIC;IPIPO AU$c1.
T0(09OK00KOP COOTMPO INOg0ATN10 A/1/C7100 Tot OAPIOOAL WWI
0f 1111 011100 STAYS ?111110 110 "WIIIIO of API 101100109 ACI to
P. 0. 1.. 1? 000 fL 01 A000At0. ITS 100100199100 09 K0t OIvrnAno0
DATE DISTR. 16 Jv.1y X948.
NO. OF PAGES' 10
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION FOR THE RESEARCH
USE OF TRAINED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
SOURCE Chinese Communiat document, A General Surve of the KO-l-.o-hui and the
eh?i , Northwest Research. ocie y, Japanese ocumenT, Astor
h+Secret Societies, South Manchuria Railway, 1926 tapprrentiy a
translation of a new-language document of the eiuie title by Hira.yama
Rataehi, Commercial Press of Sher!ghai, 1912, re,`inted 1935) (Translation
specifically requested.,)
`/PSoept vhere otherwise indicated, the accourte of the history and
former organization and terminology are translated from A General.
Surve of till So-iao-hui and the Ch-pen Details of modern
organisation and terminology are rom History of Chinese Secret
oldest a n d m o a t widespread o f secret societies in China. (In the with it ia
also called the Kung-men-hui or Sung-pang,,) It had its origin sometime be
tveen 1662 and 1796, although according to tradition it was during the de
clire of the Ming Dynasty (prior to 1644) VEIL Ku T'iing-tin and others organ-.
A. :early -le.-..?urs and Aoti51'oias
The history and organization of the Ko-lao-hui show that it was princi-
pally composed of bankrupt farmers, poor, people, manual laborers, vaesbonde,
and the proletariat, its leaders vere made up of the learned elements and
the landholding class opposed to the Manchus.. Its birth and history during
the 200 and more years of the Manchu reign are closely associated with move-
ments against the Manchus. When the Manchus came into power, they began to
practice all forms of barbarous racial oppression and cruel fleecing,
!zed the society.
CONFIDENTIAL
STAT'
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
CONE
4
Increasing themise a
thereby arousing the anger hofftheepeopleoof alllclasses mwhoaohe:?i sheds and
humanitarian ideals.
Following the decline of the Ming Dynasty, opposition to tie Manchu
reign began when Chong Ch?eng-kung, Sun goo-yang and othere aesembled in a
small Section of southeast China to activate militarized resiet,,nce, This
military opposition met complete defeat between the years 1662-1723.
When they could-no longer rely on military might, these forces pursued
their plans in regions where intense feeling against the Manchus existed
among, the lower classes, Therefore, Stu Toing-lin, Huang Teung_,, and others
travelled far and wide, bent on spreading propaganda and inatitating secret
activities. Temples, monasteries, and nunneries became their organs, With
their activities thus masked in Buddhism, they collected follovers and
develop,:' power, (Disciples assembled at Shao-lin Monastery in Ronan Prov-
lies to conduct activities against the Manchus, Ku Ting-lin m?-le three
visits to this monastery).
Another instrument used to further their purpose was the colonization
of barren lands', yu Toing-lin, under this pretext, went to the Hu-lu.yu
monster, in the northwestern part of Shansi. Followers congregated here
to plan and oonduet mere activities. Tradition credits the number of fol-
lowers as amounting to more than 100,000 in about 140 yearo up 1,o the period
of the P'mperor Chin-ch'ing (1796-1821), 161ien the Manchu court Became aware
of this, it set fire to the Stu-lu-yu monastery, Only a little over ten per-
eons escaped. This small band sought refuge In Hingsia, A meeting place
was established in the mountains. It is said to have been. located on the
present site of the northwestern meeting place,.
Another means used to foster their activities was to avail themselves
of irrigation Improvements. Ku T'Ing..lin effectively put ,Into operation
irrigation scheme, at Hu-too-ho In northweetern'Shensi where it is believed
the Ma.Val-ehan lodge is now located. Rere he gathered his followers,
Military arts were practiced to increase their strength. Wang Stung-shan
lodged In Wu-kung-ehan, a part of T?ai-hang-shhan, Nhere he lrac"iced, boxing
and fencing. The followers here numbered more than a thousand,,
Banks were established for a dual purpose, to raise capital and funds
and to serve as an organ for their activities, Po Ch'Ing-ohu, with more
than 400,000 taels received from the very wealthy, set up banks in Shanxi,
Ronan, and Anhuel.
From the efforts of such individuals who, in their attempts to defy
the Manchus, went into agricultural areas to carry on concealed activities,
there emerged numerous types of secret societies opposed to the government.
Among these was the No-lao-hui.
Besides opposition to the Manchu administration, class economy was
another basis for the creation of the ito-lao-hui, The greatest portion of
the society was composed of bankrupt farmers, poor people, manual laborers
loafers, and the proletariat In'general. The attitude of these glasses ofI
people toward the prevailing situation and the demands of their livelihood
could not help but foreshadow the eventual existence of the 90-lea-hut.
This Society bad chivalrous ideals. It advocated a redistribution of wealth
to aid the needy. To promote these ideas the society as "Attack Wealth, Help the Poor," "Support and Rescue atp Mgple heoDlntreeC Wealss slogans
"Don't Dam Good Citizens," "Fxpel the Oppressive and Weal
nd Unprincipled
CONFIDENTIAL
Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
STAT
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
l
1E
In 1891, there occurred the "Mason (:ace." Mason was a foreign customs
agent whom a member of the No-1an,-hui, Li fang had commissioned to Darcr s
During the Tung-ohih era (18621875), the T'at-p'ing Rebellion was
defeated. Li Rung-rhang'a brother returned to the ctpitnl fraan Kwangtung
with a hundred merchandise-laden voseole., Selling down the Hsiang River
(in Henan), he was interrupted by meuubere of the Sa-lao-hui who plundered
80 of the v.asels.
Lhe following section is from A History of Chinese Secret Societies,
8
o
.
7
uring the Tao-kuang era (1821_1 51) it took part in the
Bvelchow Uprising of 1827, the SzechwanUprising of 1835, the T'ai-ping
(Taiping) Rebellion of 1850-1864, and othera.
mente such as the Chin-oh'uan Rebellion of 1778
and the Mohammedan Rebel-
lion
f 1
84
D
Were the two primary characteristics of the Ko-lao-hui.
Historically, the Kb-lao-hui is the beet known of all theta. ae??e+
a
taro areas led into the revolutionary movement of the proletariat, However,
on the basis of this condition of their livelihood, they were comparatively
easy to win over to the secret activities of the opposition." These then
never maintain clearly defined alma along distinct class lines. Also, it
was often used by those in control for their activities as a reactionary
group opposed to revolution. This phenomenon has been expressed by a
Communist spokesman as follows: "The loafers and propertyless class, one
of the lowest and most extremely negative in be old society were in c
r
y
e
in the hands of the -propertied classes and their agents, the society could
weave auc as A Hack Health, Help the or," "Support and Rescue the
Distressed," and "Mutual Aid" had some significance in`increasing the be7e-
fita of the bankrupt and unemployed. They also played an important role in
the ability of the So-lao-hui t- lead the masses into joining forces vlth
it and to develop and preserve it until the present.
However, since the higher leadership of the Ho-law-hui was fre u
ntl
farmers, manual lat'orers and the -dv .uw_
S1 h poor to overcme oppression and fleecing,`:
.a o
30,000 tad _s worth of munitions. When the Ch'ing court heard of this, it
arc,strd Was= euc T4 A r
f?
t
-egg.
or man
trn impriaonicnt, baron was'deported
to his native 4ountry. Li committed auiolde in jail. 'i'nie affair attracted
?n 169`., four ambers of the $o-lao-hui were O&EO1lt At
--ma. imperial troops were sent to recover them, but they had already
scattered in all directions.
uAprieonea to await queSticning. About a thousand members of the $o-lao-h;:i
stormed the ja:1, rescued thr two men. and fled into the ?i ly....P u..-+o_.
B. Activities during the Revolutionary Period, 1899-1927
,
was called the Bus-het
ng-hui. Funds were accumulated to purchnsa military
e
ea
h
r. ie was the beginning of the No-law-hui'. alliance with
other revolutionary groups of the recent era.
In 1904, Me Pu-i, ch_ef of $n-lao-hui, with Huang Being and others
planned an alliance of the San-ho-hui, Ch'ing-pang
Pal-peng etc wnion
arrived at Hongkong to discuss the organization of the Being-ban_hui vitb
leaders of the Being-chung-hui and the San-ho-hui. Sun Tat-sen was chosen
as th
l
d T
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0 :_ .
a
ter e p
Af
orlainal objective of overthrowing the Manchu givernment no longer existed.
But the political oppression and economic hardships of the masses who made
up the majority of the Ko-lao-hui continued. In many regions, the Eo-Lso-
for mercenary put see by the militarists, the tyran-
d lar sl
d
recent revolutionary party members, its ideology gradually underwent an
evolution, and at the time of the revolution of 1911, the l+o-lac-hui every-!
where actively participated in the struggle to overthrow the Manchus,
cs ltebmont of the revolution of 1911, the Kc-lao-hui's
th
After the fn-lao-hui began to collaborate with Sun Chung--ban and other
troops were,rainforctd a.id -):,paged in more than 20 battles, tha peace wa
achieved.&of excerpt from A Iliatory of Chinese Secret Societiee~]
g
8
conformity with the will of Heaven to punish offener-, u
insults suffered by our ancestors," etc. They were challenged br imperial
troops, but there vero many among the latter who were sympathetic toward
the rebels. Consequently, they fired into the air or discarded their rifles
and fled. It tae not eaay to restore peace. It was only after the imperial
weapons for an uprising, Shortly thereafter, Lu Ya-fa otarted an uprising
in Kwangci. Liuchou was attacked and 5,000 weapons were seizes:, Is and Me
entered into a secret alliance. Me assembled 36 principal chiefs and 72
assistant chiefs at Liu-yang in August. They sere assigned to lead troops
in five different directions - north, south, east, west, and central. Their
plane for a simultaneous uprising on 10 October leaked out. Me was captured
and beheaded outside the west gate of Liu-yang. Ins troops In Kwangei
were also defeated,
In 1906, the miners of Ping-hetang in Kiangel want on a nnrike As
most of these miners were members of Ko-lao-hul, the leaders formerly under
Me took advantage of the situation to stir things up. From Ping-heiang,
they led successft' attacks on Li-ling and Liu-yang in Hunan and advanced
against Cb`ang-sha. Their proclamation read: "It is proper that we act in
the
th eve On
e o
Suiyuan, Ningela, one Tsingnal Lnere ea.o- .+. -- activities.
C. Activi':les Aueing the Sino-Japanese Xcr Period. -,-1945
vest there were none without an element of ao-iao-nui meWurrn. +uoi- -"?
also many Ko-loo-hui msmbemo in the numeroue local armies. The No-lac-hni
in the northwest remains a hidden latent force in society. In ban-eu, for
example. it to said that the No-lao-hui there had more than six lodges and
~.-- ~---~.-_, 4U--A T. Rh-a1 _
y
was use g
ha
nical gentry, and man mad with ambition. Among the militarists in the north,,
titre were not a few who utilised the No-lao-hui as leaders of local bandits,
thus raising their statue is society. Hence, since 1912, c.ith the milita -
Mete using the society and the increasing numbers of insolvent farmers and
unemployed, the Ko-lao-hut experienced great anti-ltyinevery province of
eheit+at+ em nE tilu reaetioaary element
activities in the war of resistance. Secondly,
also had plans to advance go-lao-hui activities. Their primary aim was to
carry out the special activity of "Guarding against Coomuniam" and "Turning
back Communism." Becaune all those resisting the Japanese cannot remain
indifferent to the problem, they should follow closely ttis Kr.-lao-hut's
positive participation in the war of resistance activities. In order to do
this, it is first of all necessary to have a clear apprehension of what the
attention. First of all, the Japanese invaders and Chinese traitors were
h i to use the Ko-o-hui as a means of destroying China's
CONFIDENTIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0 1
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
0
II. ORGANIZATION OF THE SC-LAO-HUI
(ONFJ
Title
Chief (Chen,-ling-9:'ou),
also called Chairmen
t'ou), also called
Vice-Chairmen
Reglutrar (Meng-chench
Eighth Chief (Heiang-
cbnng), Marshal
Second Chief (Too-yang),
or Scholar of the
Fast Pavilion, or
Assistant Minister
(Teo-helang)
nng),
Sun, or Hein Third Chief (P'oi-t'
or Scholar of the west
Pavilion, or Assistant
Minister (Yu-hoiang)
CONFIDENTIAL
Lion, certification,
and registration of
members and of the
society's statistics
Attends to all matters
pertaining to incense
worship
Assists the Eighth Chief;
an adjutant
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
The Ko-lao.hui, being a product of feudalistic society, patterned its
organisation after the feudal clan system, It Is divided, therefore, accord-
ing to a complex system of ranks and p tides. The two basic divisions are
the "pet" and the "pu." he Eo-lac-l .u/ is divided Into ten pet, each
having meeting-pleoes (yang) of its own. The officers of each of these ten
psi are divided into sixteen grades, pu,.the "upper eight pu," also called
"inner eight t'ang," and "lower eight pu," also called "outer eight t'ang'"
The upper eight pu have higher rank and authority than the lower eight pu.
Each pet and each pm is represented by a code word. The various pet and pu
rank, with respect to seniority and honor, in the order of their respective
code words.
Poliowtng are the psi divisions with code word, and name of the t'ang'
Htaaber Code Word an of T?. Alternate Hume
1 Wei Hei-pei tang Hsi-hao (Western lodge)
2 Te P'ing-p'ei tang Tung-hao, or Te-tau haD
t?
4 hih assn hi tang
Helen Wu-fu-yang
6 Sung Liu-vei-t'azrg
7 Tat (Nall -tau-t 10mg
3 I (Yoh) Pa-i-yang
9 Chih Chiu-ohlh-t'ang
10 Mel shah-mei-yang
Pollowing are the numbers, code vords,.titles, and functions
STAT
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
I
CONFIDENTIAL
6 Li Fourth Chief (Li-tang) Bandies funds, finances, rations, and
or Comptroller military supplies
7 F'un Seventh Chief (Chi- Presides over and inspects the internal
tang) or l'rreeutive administration of the various lodges
8 Tut Fifth Chief (using-t'aag) Investigates and Judges insubordinate
or Proctor members. Rxecutes regulations
Following are number, code word, title and functions of the lover eight
pu or outer eight tang.
1 Heiao Confidant (Rein-i-ta- As is greatest in authority in the lower
yeh), or Hein-fu eight grades (pu); and is an officer
having great power and influence in
the So-lao-hui. Receives orders from
the officers of the upper eight
grades. Supervises the execution of
these orders by the various lodges
(wharves). When differences over
orders occur, he has the right to
discuss them with his superiors.
Re any solicit new members; and has
general authority to promote, transfer,
and expel members,
2 Ti Second Chief (Lao-erh) He impersonates the God 3f War, a func-
tion which no one also dares to u-
surp. At times of members' secret
ceremonies, a virtuous and respected
member is temporarily chosen to
offer the incense.
Chung Third Steward (loo-can)
of which there are
three:
1. Red Cape Steward Yanages the internal affairs of military
(P'ei-hung-tang uutpots, including rations, finances,
Chia) etc.
2. Flower-Decked C;.ioflacto -.Slciu1 inquirisc into ques-
zteward (Ch's- tions relating to rations, finances,
PLUG-tend chic) and Internal a?Ya'~ e..
3. F rees Steward Be is the highest in rank of the three
(Hwang-hou-tang- stewards. Re may substitute fsr the
Chia) Confident. He may also intependently
organise new lodges (ban, and t'ang),
this is called "doing the work of
his elder brothers,"
Rein Fifth Chief (Imo-vu) of
which there are five-
1. Apprentice Banner Since this officer is just learning
)tanager (Rai-ch'i the duties of a manager or other
kusn-ehih) officer, he carries no responsibilities.
2. Blue Banner Man- Assists the Red Banner Officer in leading
ager (inn-oh'i mounted troops. Looks after men en-
keen-ahib), also gaged in mall matters of official
called "Consul" buninees.
(ling-ehih).
3. Black Banner Man- Bandies disciplinary matters; assists
ager (Rai-oh'i- the Red Banner Officer -In reception
kuen-shah) of visiting members,
CONFIDENTIAL
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
r
CONFIDENTIAL.
4, Red Banner Man-
ager ( -ch`i-
kuan-ehih
5. True Seal Manag-
er (Ch -yin-
kuan-ehih also
called "True Seal
Red Banner Big
Manager" (Cheng-
yin-hung-ch?i-ta-
Sixth Chief (Iao-liu),
with the additional
designation of "Pu-
kuan-ehih) or "Gen-
aral Manager"
(teung li)
ChIlh
Leads the mounted troops; and attends
to the reception of visiting brotha's0
He may sometimes be promoted to the
title "Manager of the Five Poisons"
(Wu-tu-kuan-ehih). Ee attends to
penalties and punishments, and is
the most powerful of the five mar.-
agora. These fifth-grade chiefs are
also called the "Red Banner Big
Superintendents" (Hung-chi-ta-to-tuf,
or the "Rod Banner Officers" (Hung-
chi-kuan). They have great influence
and authority in the No-lao-huio
They oversee thirty-six.worebipful
elder brothers on the upper level,
and seventy-two worshipful younger
brothers on the lower level? There
is a saying, "If there are any ques-
tions about internal affairs ask
the stewards (tang-ohia), and if
about external affairs ask the nan-
agors (kuen-shah)." ?or ordinary
sessions, the managers lay aside
Their ---A garments and ohango
.ng oew members, settling disputes,
c,xamining merits, Issuing commands,
one of tie at:..usrde (Wu-yeh-tang
phial m.!rt Dee present, For formal
Assists the fourth grade managers in
managing affairs. In peace time,
designation "Henn- one in which one frequently loses
shun iguardian of one's life. For In reason it is
the lodge) not hole for a long period, Nov
Ninth Chief (lao-chin).
with the additional
desigmation of
"Chiang k?oif (river
mouth)
Yao-man" (one Hhole).
Alternate names for
this grade are "Shih-
p?ai" (Ten Ranks),
made at ceremonial meetings.
Also assigned the responsibility of
Shah-ko" (Ten Broth-
ers), "Ta-i-ko" (Big
Nu*ber one Brother),
"Reiao-lao-yao" ;Lit-
tle Beginner), "'Its.
loo-yap" (Great Be-
ginner)
- 7 -
CCINFIDP1 ]AL
CONFIDENTIAL
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0 T!
I
CONFIDENTIAL
There are no Fourth Chiefs (Lao-eau) :ir Seventh Chiefs (Tao-ch'i) in
the lover eight pu. According to tradition, at one time in the past occu-
pante of these positions surrendered to the Manchus. Hence the titles have
been considered in disgrace, and none are willing to assume them.
Bo-lao-hui members call themselves a "gang of rowdies" There are three
kinds, the "pure, or clean rowdies" (thing-ehul kuang-kun), also sometimes
referred to as "worthy rowdies" (chia-chih kuang-kun), Of these and their
doings there are records in the history of the So-lao-hui; Then there is
the second kind called "dirty or vile rowdies," the disorderly element am-
posed of thieves and bandits. The third kind are the "ch(an-pan kuang-kun,"
or "ohu"an-ts~ai-t'ung..:zu" which alternate names denote those who have
bought their way into the society, These members are scorned by the worthy
members and of their doings no Ro-lao-hui records are kept. The foregoing
explanations indicate the complexity of the internal distinctions of type,
function, rank, and authority within the Ko-lac-hui organization,
The positions of Chief (Chang-lung-t'ou) and Assistant Chief (Fu-lung-
Von) are held by men selected from among the upper eight pu on acoornt of
their virtues and abilities. Officers of lower pu are promoted from time
to time according to their rank and abilities.
the rank or Confidant, one ltisprese Steward (Rvang-hou-tang-chia),
one or two other Stewards, two to four Red Banner Managers, three
to four other Managers, and two or more from among the Guardians
(Fualu) o
authority of the lodge.
In every area, the go-lao-hui has offices for the transaction of
business, vhith are the lodges (sban-t'anC). There axe also communioation
liaison etatioco; known as "kun-k?ou," According to regulations, a minor
business office (hsiao-ma-t'cu) Is established every 30 It, an intermediate
bueinoes office (chung-ma-t'ou) every 70 11, and a major business office
(te-a-t'ou) every 100 It. In oath prov"nce there is a general management
office (tsung-ma-t'ou).
The internal composition and functions of those offices are as follows-
1. General management office (shan-yang) is composed of members of
evcry degree of the upper end lower eight pu.. It is t4e.central
Minor business a;. 'Ices, also called forwarding offices (.t'ung-ahih-
za-t'ou), are enntoeed ,vf one Red Banner Manager, one or two Blue
Banner Managers, tyro or more Apprentice Banner Managers or assistant
Guardians (Fu-liu),'In addition, there are from three to five
ordinary members who act as messengers,
1, The Civil and Military !iovernment (Chu"n-aheng-eheng)
a. Office of Civil Affairs (Shu-mi-fu)
(1) Supreme Leader (Ta-chih-hui)
(2) First Assistant Leader (Teo-chih-hui)
(3) Second Assistant Leader (Yu-ahih?hui)
_g
COAFIDEWIIAL
In charge of obtaining provisions and purchasing arms and ammunition-
CONFIDENTIAL
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
1.
b. Office of Military Affairs,(Tu-to-fu)
(1) Central Army Military Government (Chung-chu"n-tu-to-fu)
(2) Front Army Military Government (Chien-chnn-tu-to-fu)
(3) Rear Army Military Government (Rou-ohiw-tu-to-fu)
(4) Left Army Military Government (Teo-ohdn-tu-to-fu)
(5) Right Army Military Government (Yu.chun-tu-to-fu)
diction. A military governor must consult with and obtain the approval of
the Office of Civil Affairs before he can raise an army, otherwise, the
Office of Civil Affairs will not support or extend any aid to the military
Chief Inspector (Chung-he+na-ch'a-ehih)
Assistant Inspector
Old Terminology New Terminology
CONFIDENTIAL
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/0/6/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0 ?- 1
(OWF
As a general rule, officials of the Office of Civil Affairs may be
appointed to such positions as Control Commissioner, Military Commissioner,
inspector, etc., of the Office of Military Affairs. Officials of the Office
of Military Affairs may also be appointed to such positions in the Office of
Civil Affairs as Chief or Assistant Chief of the Liaison Section (Lien-to-pu),
Chief or Assistant Chief of the Investigation Section (T'an-ohen-pu), Trans-
portation Commissioner (Chian-t'ung-szu-ta-shih), Assistant Transportation
Commissioner, Communioatione Commissioner (Pao-hsin-shih-ta-ahih), and
Assistant Communications Commissioner.
Ill. KNOWN LODCPS OF THE g0-LAO-HOI
In the 18 provinces c'f China, there exist several hundred mountain
lodges. Recently, since mcmbere of the revolutionary party joined their
ranks, it was planned to put all these separate lodges under central control.
rip to now, however, although their organization is the same, all these
lodges have remained under local control. below are same,os' the known
lodges, with the names of their chiefs as of 1926..
Looation Name of Lodge
Hen Chin-lung Shan
Eansu Ha-haing Shan
Hunan T'ai-hua Shar,
Sbanbaikuan Pan-hum Shan
Hunan Chin-hua Shan
Rural Ch'u-chin Shan
Hunan Chin-fang Shan
Human T' ien-t'ai Shan
3ansu Hei-liang Shan
Szechwan 0-mei Shan
Hvangtung T'isn-pao Shan
Klanged lTung-liang Shan
Chsang Chung- Shan
Chekiang Fei-hu Shan
Chekiang Wan-yun Shan
Name of Chief
Yang Bung-chun
same
Helao Sung-Shan
same
Liu Ch-unn-fu
Chen Yao
Hu Tao-oh'en
Hu Yun
NO Huai-tin
Yen Ting-ohang
Haiao Ch'ao-ahu
Li Yun-lung
Ho Yu-hung
Liu Chia-fu
Wang Chin-pao
STAT
i Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/29: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200172-0