USSR CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATICS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700250050-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 8, 2011
• Sequence Number: 50
• Publication Date: March 16, 1956
• Content Type: REPORT

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STAT
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USSR CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATICS
Avtomatika i Telemekhanike, No 6
Moscow, Nov-Dec 55
K. P. Kurdyukov
A conference on the technlcal meane (aredstvo) of automatics, sponsored
by the Institute of Automatics and Telemechanics, Academy of Sciences USSR,
was held in Moscow from 31 May to 4 June 1955?
Questions relating to the development, production, and introduction of
modern, technical meane of automatics for the entire national economy were
submitted for discussion and evinced great interest.
tdore than 1,100 persons participated in the conference, representing
over 230 Moscow and other city organizations, including 136 scientific in-
stitutions, 10 plants, lEi ministerial technical administrations, 15 higher
educational institutions, and 57 experimental-design bureaus. Representa-
tives from industrial, scientific, and educational institutions came from
over 30 USSR cities, including Leningrad, Kiev, Kharkov, Sverdlovsk, Lvov,
Baku, Vil'nyus, Dnepropetrovsk, Tbilisi, etc.
The conference was conducted in four sections: elements of automatic
devices, methods sad instruments of automatic control, methods and instru-
ments of pH determination, and systems of automatic control and regulation.
A tctal of 65 reports and papers were presented.
The exhibits of automation equipment and of technical automation lit-
erature were highly popular. Among the exhibitors were: the Institute of
Automatics and Telemechanics of the Academy of Sciences USSR, the ScientilYc-
Research Institute of Laboratory Instrument Building and Automatics (NII
Leborpribor), and State Union (Experimental] Design Bureau of the Ministry
of Machine and Instrument Building, the Design Bureau of Petroleum Instru-
ment Building, the Central Scientific-Research Institute of Ferrous Metal-
lur~, the Special Automatics Design Bureau of the Ministry of Chemical In-
dustry, the Energopribor Plant, etc.
Opening the conference, the director of the Institute of Automatics
and Telemechanics, V. A, Trapeznikov, cited the importance of automatizing
production processes as n means of increasing productivity of labor through-
out the national economy; the speaker emphasized that one of the principal
reyuirements i'or extensive automation is the development of the production
of high-quality technical means of automation. Although Soviet instrument
building has attained some success, there exist many deficiencies. More-
over, Trapeznikov stated that the problem of the subject conference is to
develop basic directions for the development of means of automation and to
exchange information on newly developed elements, instruments, methods, and
systems of automatic control and regulation.
In his report, "The Status and Perspectives for the Development of Ap-
paratus for Autumn tic Control and Regulation," Trapeznikov gave an extended
review and analysis of contemporary technical means of automation end their
status in industrial production.
Trapeznikov noted the apparent tendency to convert from partial to com-
plex sutomation of production processes and, even further, to automatic shops
and automatic plants. In the automation of production processes three basic
problems emerge, corresponding to the three stages in the development of auto-
mation: the setting up of individual regulators and the regulation of indi-
vidual, mutually independent parameters of the technological process, the
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urement of s series of parameters end thejautomatlctalterationwofhassignteents
to individual regulators, and finally, the complex automation of the entire
technological process.
The speaker also noted the tendency to change from conducting processes
by individual parameters to conducting them by product quality, as well as
the change toward automatically conducting a complex process by combined pa-
rameters, which are the function of a series of measurable and regulatable
parameters. For the subsequent development of production-process automati.;,n,
moreover, computers and simulation devices, which permit the computation o1'
these combined parameters, are of considerable importance.
Touching upon the production of technical means of automation, Trapezni-
kov stated that production is insufficient and indicated that up to now Soviet
industry produced apparatus anti instruments for the control and regulation of
independent parameters only; moreover, this equipment waa produced in insuf-
ficient yuantity and, Sn many cases, was outdated.
In studying the trends in the development of automatic regulation devices,
Trapeznikov suggested some basic principles which should be considered. The
problem of the regulation of individual parameters, for instance, can be most
easily solved by a universal apparatus with a broad assortment of electrical,
pneumatic, and hydraulic regulators and a complete set of transducers, transi-
tional devices, and executing organs. Complex systems are best designed along
the block (aggregate) principle. Problems of complex automation, based on
centralized control, require the use of telecontrol and telemeasuring devices.
subsequent ndevelopmentaofzinstrumentebuildingnandnthetintroductionbofiautomahe
tion into industry. These proposals were reflected in the resolutions of the
conference.
G. G. Iordan, NII I.aborpribor, read a report on "The Status, Development,
and Use of Radioactive Methods of Control of Measuring" at a plenary session.
The report stated that tae creation of new technical means of automatics using
nuclear radiations are based on the tremendous penetrating ability of these
radiations and on the presence oi' a wide energy spectrum permitting the use
of the phenomena of absorption of radiation by matter.
Candidate of Technical Sciences I:. Ya. Kogan of the Institute of Automat-
ics and Telemechanics, Acade"ly of Sciences USSR, presented a report on simula-
tion. He described the design principles of the simulator developed in the
Institute of Automatics and Telemechanics r,nd demonstrated it in operation.
The remainder of the conference wac conducted in the sections.
The "Elements of Automatic llevices" section heard and d;scussed 20 re-
ports and 3 notices which dealt with the current status of the theory and
production of the elements of automatics, relay devices, elements with non-
linear characteristics,(and the contact, magnetic and dielectric materials
required in their production), and control apparatus.
The following presented reports on relay apparatus: Doctor of Technical
Sciences B. S. Sotskov (Institute of Automatics and Telemechanics), ">=asic
Tendencies in the Development of Relay Control"; Candidate of Technical Sci-
ences M. I. Vitenberg (Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of Radio En-
gineering Industry), "Electromechanisms (Relay) es Elements of Automatics
and Telemechanics"; Engr V. Z. Royzen (Krasnaye Zary^ Plant), "btodern Types
of Polarized Relays"; Candidate of Technical Sciences A. V. Gordon (a plant
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of the Ministry oi' Aviation Industry), "Relay Apparatus in Aircraft Equipment";
Candldete of Technical Sciences B, F. Malinskiy (Central Scientific-Research
Institute, Ministry of Railways), "Relay Apparatus Used in Railroad Automatics
and Telemechanics"; Doctor of Technical Sciences G. I. Atabekov (Moscow Avia-
tion Institute),"Mngnetoelectric and Polarization Type Re ley Shields"; and
Candldete of Technical Sciences F. A. Stupel' (Khar'kuv Polytechnic Institute),
"Questions in the Development of High Speed, Direct Current Electromagnetic
Dfechanisms."
Reports on new types of elements with nonlinear characteristics and on new
materials elicited great interest. These reports were made by Doctor of Tech-
nical Sciences B. T, Kolomiyets (Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of
Radio Engineering Industry), "Contemporary Industrial Types of Thermistors and
Photo Conductors ^nd Their Utilization in Industrial Automatics"; Candidate of
Technical Sciences I. T, Sheftel' (Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of
Radio Engineering Industry), "New Industrial Types of Thermistors"; Candidate
of Technical Sciences T, N. Verbitskaya (Scientific-Research Institute, Minis-
try of Radio Engineering Industry), "Segneto-Ceramic Nonlinear Elements -
Variconds"; Engr Yu. S. Volkov (Scientific-Research Institute of High Frequency
Currents), "Use of Nonlinear Dielectrics in High-Frequency Current Technology";
Engr Yu. A, Kamenetskiy (Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of Radio En-
gineering Industry), "Soviet Crystal Triodes", lloctor of Technical Sciences
V. V. Usov (Scientific-Research Institute, hllnistry ut' Electrical Engineering
Industry), "N;aterisls for Electric Apparatus Contacts"; Candidate of Technical
Sciences L, S. Kirillova (Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry of Aviation
Inuustry), "Contemporary Contact Materials"; Doctor of Technical Sciences N. V.
Aleksandrov (All-Union Electrical Engineering Institute), "Insulating Materials
Used in Instrument Building"; Candidate of Technical Sciences D. I. Gabrielyan
(Central Scientific-Research Institute of F'errcus Metallurgy), "Contemporary
Afagnetic Materials"; Doctor of Technical Sciences M. A, Rozenblat (Institute of
Sound Recording), "p>ognetic Amplifiers"; and Cenaldate of Technical Sciences
I. N, Stepanenko (Moscow Power Engineering Institute), "Use of Crystal Triodes."
Reports dealing with control apparatus war= presented by; Candidate of
Technical Sciences P, F, Klubnikir. (Scientific-Research Institute, Ministry
of rtviution Industry), "Electromagnetic Counlings"; Engr E. I. Minsker (Ex-
perimental Scientific-Research Institute of Metal Cutting Machines), "Means
of Automation in Machine Tool Euilding"; Engr 0. N, Tatar (Experimental Sci-
entific-Research Institute of Metal Cutting Machined . "Electromagnetic
Couplings in Machine Tool Buildint;"; Engr A. S. Reznikov (State Scientific-
Research Motor Vehicle and Automotive Institute), "Magneto-Emulsion Cou-
pe"; arr] ':ngr G. M. Fridlider (State Planning InstiLuLe ui ,Ke~i,a?izatwu~,
"'transient Processes in Electromagnetic Couplings,"
The "Methods and Instruments of Automatic Control" section heard 1, re-
ports. Papers on the measurement and control of consumption, temperature,
and gas ^nalysis were presented by; Candidaae of Technical Sciences B. K.
Kremlevsl;iy (All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Hydrolysis and Sul-
fite-Alcohol Industry), "Instruments for Measuring Consumption in Systems
of Automatic Control and Regulation"; Engr D, L. Orshanskiy (State Union
(Experimental; Design Bureau), "Contemporary Methods of Measuring Tempera-
ture"; Candidate of Technical Sciences !d. A. Lvov (Moscow Institue of Com-
munications),"Measuring Thermal Parameters in a Gas Jet"; Doctor of Technic 1
Sciencas D, Ya. Svet (Institute of Mechanics, Academy of Sciences USSR), '
"Probleca of Radiation Pyrometry and the Radioelectron System of pleasuring
High Temperatures"; Engr V. A. Pavlenko (State Union Experimental Design
Bureau of Cas Analysis), "Contemporary Dlethods of Gas Analysis"; Candidate
of Technical Sciences B, S, Sinitsin (Leningrad Polytechnic Institute),
"Analysis of Static Error in Systems of Automatic Control."
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A report was also presented by Candidate of Technical Sciences I. K. Vino-
gradov (Leningrad Branch - Heavy Industry Electric Planning (LO - Tyazhprornelek-
troproyekt]) on transducers (detchik) of strip stress in a cold-rolling mill and
the breaking and slippage of a conveyor belt.
The following presented reports on the practical utilization of control and
measuring methods by using rsdioactive isotopes: Engr G. G. Iordan, "Radioactive
6fethods of N,eaeuring the Level of Liquids or the Boundaries Between Media of
Various Densities"; Engr L, K. Tatochenko (Central Scientific-Research Institute
of Ferrous Metallurgy), "Use of Gas Meters in Devices for the Measurement and
Control of the Level of Liquid Metal"; Engr B. I. Verkhovskiy (Physics Institute,
academy of Sciences USSR ), 'Use of Radioactive Isctopes for Afeasuring Thickness";
Engr V. A. YanuahY.ovakiy (Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences Latvian SSR),
Radioactive Method of Marking Rolled Steel With Automatic Steel Mark Control";
Candidate of Physicomathematical Sciences V. B. Brodskiy (NII Laborpribor),
"Radioactive Methods of Measuring Pressure"; Engr A. I. Slatinskiy (Central Sci-
entific-Research Cotton Institute), "Use of Radioactive Isotopes in the Textile
Industry."
The section on "Instruments and Methods of pH Determination" heard the fol-
lowing reports: Candidate of Technical Sciences L, I. Belen'kiy (Central Sci-
entific-Research Cotton Institute), "Current Status of the Application of Control
and Regulation of pH in Technological Processes"; Corresponding Dlember of the
Academy of Sciences USSR B. P, Nikol'skiy (Leningrad State University), "Activi-
ties of the Chair of Physical Chemistry of the Leningrad Branch of the Leningrad
State University (LOLGU) in the Theory of the Glass Electrode and Its Practical
Application"; Candidate of Chemical Sciences M. M. Shul'ts (Leningrad State
University), "The Sodium Function of a Glass Electrode"; Doctor of Chemical
Sciences P. A. Izmaylov (Khar'kov State University), "Behavior of a Glass Elec-
trode in Acid Media"; Engr A, M. Aleksandrova (Khar'kov State University), "Be-
haviour of a Glass Electrode in Nonaqueous Media"; Candidate of Chemical Sciaices
V. V. Aleksandrov (Khar'kov State University), "Standardization of the pH Scale
in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media"; Candidate of Chemical Sciences A. A, Shcher-
bakov (Ural Scientific-Research Chemical Institute), "The Work of the Ural Sci-
entific-Research Chemical Institute in the Automatization of the Industrial
Control of pH"; Engr A. S, Benevol'skiy (Central Laboratory of Automatic De-
vices, Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy), "Use of the Glass Electrode in the
Control of pH.
The "Systems of Automatic Control and Regulation" section heard the fol-
lowing reports: Corresponding bfember of the Academy of Sciences USSR V. A.
Trapeznikov, "Unified Apparatus for the Control and Regulation of Complex Auto-
mation Systems"; Candidate of Technical Sciences V. D. Mironov, "Apparatus of
Electronic Automatics"; Candidate of Technical Sciences Ye. K, Krug (Institute
of Automatics and Telemechanics), "Electrical Executing Device With Regulatable
Speed"; Doctor of Technical Sciences V, A. Timofeyev, "Objective Means of Eval-
uating the Properties of Automatic Regulation Systems Under Realistic Operating
Conditions,"
The following reports were presented on pneumatic-hydraulic automatics
and regulators: Doctor of Technical Sciences M. A. Ayzerman (Institute of
Automatics and Telernechsnics), "Basic Tendencies in the Development of Indus-
trial Pnewcatic-Hydraulic Automatics"; Engr P. !4. Shanturin (Central Labora-
tory of Automatic Devices, Ministry of Ferrous bletallurgy), "Pneumatic Control
and Regulation Apparatus"; Candidate of Technical Sciences P. Ye. Boloban (A11-
Union Thermal Engineering Institute), "Hydraulic Automatics Apparatus."
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The reports evoked lively discussions. Participants commented on the
timeliness and value of the conference on technical means of automatics and
noted deficiencies in the operation of scientific-research and experimental-
design organizations in their development and mastery of new technical means
oP automatic control and regulation.
The supervisory activities of the Ministry of Machine and Instrument
Building were severely criticized in relation to the production of automatics
apparatus and instruments. It wss noted that the industrial output and vari-
ety of technical means of automatics produced by enterprises under this min-
istry lagged considerably behind the needs of the national econortty.
In an adopted resolution it was emphasized that the automation of pro-
ductive processes is currently one of the basics of technical progress. The
development of automation is, to a considerable extent, determined by the
status of the production of technical means of automatics. During recent
years certain successes in the production of the technical means of auto-
matics and telemechanics were achieved, in experimental work based on new
methods of automatic control, including photoelectric, ionization and infra-
red rays, and in the mastery and output of many types of relay apparatus and
new elements with nonlinear characteristics (crystal triodes, variconds, photo
conductors, thermistors, etc,)
Nonetheless, the development and production of a sufficient variety and
e sufficient number of instruments and means of automatics still considerably
lags behind actual requirements.
The development of production automation requires the simultaneous solu-
tion of four problems: (1) development and organization of production of an
extensive variety of instruments and means of automation, i.e., the creation
of a materiel base for ^utometion; (2) the development of typical automation
schematics to meet the more common industrial needs; (3) the creation of tech-
nological equipment and processes providing for complex automation and the pos-
sibility of using present method;; of automatic control; (4) automatizing some
important production processes, and studying the experience and the technical-
economic effect of automation.
Just as the production of the means of production had a decisive impor-
tance, so does the development and production of the means of automation, in
sufficient quantity and variety, have a similar importance. The means of auto-
mation must be so correlated and coordinated that the creation of the most di-
verse automation systems would be possible with the use of a relatively small
number of standardized instruments and assemblies.
bforeover, the instruments being produced are limited and are not designed
for complex automation. Many instruments lae behind contemporary technical
levels.
Insufficient attention is devoted to the production of certain highly nec-
essary component instruments (electronic regulators of an over-sll industrial
nature, electropneumatic and electrohydraulic converters, etc.), while other
important instruments are produced in very '_imited varieties (many transducers
[datchik), execut'_ng organs, etc.). Moreover, some types of instruments ere
designed and made by several organizations simultaneously, with not the beat
design nlweys approved for production since there is no organization to make
a comparative study of the designed specimens.
The production of instruments, including those of an over-all industrial
nature, is distributed among instrument-building plants of various ministries.
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The conference adopted s resolution recommending that the instrument-
building organizations develop such means of automatics as would assure com-
plex automatio^ of production processes, for which uniform instrument stsnd-
arde must be established so that instruments would fit into any automation
scheme. The more comprehensive methods for the creation of means of automa-
tion are: development of systems along the aggregate (block) principle
(which should rot exclude the production of base design instruments or di-
rect-action regulating apparatus), control of processes by quality of out-
put, conversion to contactless elements, wide use of compensating methods,
and the application of modern physics and electronics and of computer de-
vices.
The conference resolution especlaily emphasized the point that in the
rapid development of production automation, the principal fnetors are com-
plete range of components, diversity of production, and the need of being
able to get all necessary component parts, in a set, from one source.
It is recommended that the production of all technical means of auto-
matics of a general industrial nature be concentrated in one ministry (for
instance, the Ministry of Machine and Instrument Building). Moreover, it
ie necessary that the instrument-building facilities of other ministries be
expanded for the procution of special instruments meeting the specifications
of the given ministry. Zt is also necessary that the bronch automatics lab-
oratories and experimental design bureaus to strengthened and supplied with
necessary equipment.
The lack of coordination between the scientific-research organizations
and design bureaus was noted and it was recommended that coordinating re-
sponsibility be vested in the State Engi.neerinF Commission and the Academy
of Sciences USSR.
The conference noted the unsatisfactory status of dissemination of in-
formation on USSR and foreign activities in the technical means of automatics,
and the insufficient periodicals and special *.echnical literature. It recom-
mended regular publicatio^ of reference ~::s*_erials and catalogs on apparatus
produced in USSR plants and used f'or automatizing production, publication of
data on foreign developments; and publication of periodicals intended for an
extensive audience of instrument builders, planners, and users.
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