AN IMPERIALIST SPY CONSORTIUM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP73-00475R000402150005-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 6, 2014
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: September 1, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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? Y. AVDEYEV,
? Y. VLADIMIROV
IT
An imperialist Spy Consortium
N his book, The Craft of Intelligence,
Allen Dulles writes that "One of the
most gratifying features of recent work
in intelligence ... has been the growing
co-operaticn established between the American
intelligence services and their counterparts
throughout the Free World which make common
cause with us".i '-
Indeed, as the relation of world forces
'changes in favour of Socialism, the influ-
ence of the Communist and Workers' parties in-
creases and the national-liberation movement
rises, it becomes increasingly clear that the re-
actionary forces are striving to rally closer
together. An imperialist consortium of "cloak-
and-dagger knights" to carry out intelligence
.and subversive activities throughout the world
:is regarded by reaction in the West .as one of
?the 'conditions for the implementation cf its
,aggressive plans.
And .the more Western militarist circles ap-
preciate the growing military might of the So-
cialist countries, especially the Soviet Union's
increasing nuclear-rocket potential, the more
they are inclined to give preference to secret
forms of struggle, primarily spying and subver-
sion.
Major-General J.F.C. Fuller, British military
expert, expressed himself on this trend in im-
perialist policy quite frankly when he wrote
that it is necessary to "realise that in this nu-
clear age subversive warfare is progressively
replacing traditional warfare as the positive
instrument of policy.... This mode of conflict
is waged on the enemy's inner front?that is, by
attacking him internally instead of externally."2
By creating an international' spy consortium,
the United States and the other imperialist
Powers are mainly trying to draw into the se-
cret war against the Socialist and young neu-
tralist states those capitalist countries which
could otherwise take some steps to ease world
tension.
At the same time, they are trying to make
use of the favourable geographical position of
some capitalist countries and their political and
economic ties with other states so as to turn
them into a jumping-off ground for subversion
against the Socialist Countries and the young
national states,. ,
In order tO conceal their direct participation
in international plots, revolts and coups, they
also compel small capitalist countries to partic-
ipate in intelligence and subversive .activities.
Acting through their allies and puppets, the
U.S. imperialists want to disguise their implica-
tion in conflicts provoked. by them in various
parts of the world.
In other words, to achieve their aims the
.U.S. and world reactionaries spare no effort to
organise, to use Allen Dulles's words, "a close-
knit, co-ordinated. intelligence service", capable
of acting "in almost any part of the globe".3
The total intelligence system set up in the
United States in the early post-war years with
the Central Intelligence Agency at its head
served as an important organisational pre-
requisite for the gradual establishment of an im-
perialist spy consortium under the aegis of the
? United States. From the very outset, the CIA
? has undertaken to co-ordinate the activities of
the intelligence services of the countries con-
nected with the United States by treaty obliga-
tions, and to direct subversion on a wrrld scale.
? Back in April 1947; in his brief on the funda-
mental problems of intelligence in peacetime,
Allen Dulles, according to British researchers
Edwards and Dunne, proposed to entrust the
American central intelligence service with the
tisk of being "the recognised agency for deal-
ing with the central intelligence agencies- of
'other countries".4
This tendency . told on the activity
of the other U.S. inzelligence agencies. The De-
Allen Dulles, The Craft of Intelligence, New York,
1963, pp. 53-54. 3 Allen Dulles, op. cit., pp. 50-51.
2 The Royal United Service Institution Journal, May 4 13. Edwards, K. Dunne, A Study of a Master Spy
1962. n. 150.
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C"
fence Intelligence Agency, formed in 1961, was
(riven the task of co-ordinating and maintaining
given the
contacts cn problems of military in-
telligence; somewhat earlier, the post of Special
Assistant for Counter-Insurgency and Special
Activities was instituted at the Defence Depart-
ment. Major-General Victor H. Krulak, ap-
pointed to this post, has to guide the spy, subver-
sive and punitive activities of special task guer-
rilla trocps.5
Thus, the very reorganisation of the U.S. in-
telligence agencies attests to their adjustment
for both total 'espionage and the direction of
intelligence and subversive activities on a glo-
bal scale.
Basis of an Intelligence Consortium
THE member countries of the U.S.-sponsored
-I- military-political blocs have, among other
things, undertaken to co-ordinate their intelli-
gence and subversive activities against the So-
cialist countries and *?the national-liberation
movement. In this connection we might mention
the special decision adopted at the NATO Coun-
cil's session in December 1956 to extend and
strengthen contacts between the Atlantic intelli-
gence agencies.6
Moreover, under pretence of collective
struggle against the "Communist danger", the
U.S. imperialists, in an attempt to attain their
military-political aims, try to impose on some
member countries of these blocs their own con-
cepts of subversion, to establish control over
their intelligence services so as to reinforce
their ranks with those of their partners and
often to act through them.
NATO has the European Intelligence Com-
munications Co-ordinating Committee, subordi-
nated to the NATO Military Committee's Stand-
ing Group, which is in fact the supreme body
for strategic planning and operational guid-
ance of this organisation. The Co-ordinat-
ing Committee is in close co-operation with
the CIA and the Pentagon and in addi-
tion to organising the exchange of informa-
tion it also directs subversion against the War-
saw Treaty countries in accordance with the
NATO strategic objectives.
NATO's European, Atlantic and Channel
commands, subordinated to its Standing Group,
also have intelligence agencies. The Supreme
5 United States Government Organisation Manual,
1963-1964, Washington, pp. 197, 128.
6 See 17012.4tatibl C t10.411101blAt. C600HUK CfraKTO8 0 iunuo-
qaYce u doeux noupbamou deaoreuiu CHIA nporus CCCP,
AlocKsa, Conin14popm6topo, 1960, crp. 105.
Allied Commander of the NATO Forces in
Europe has a special intelligence agency. Such
agencies have also been set up within the H.Q.
of separate commands established in possible
war theatres: North European (Norway and
Denmark, with headquarters in Oslo); Central
European (West Germany, France, Belgium,
Holland, Luxembourg and Brain, with head-
quarters in Fontainebleau); South European
(Italy, Greece and Turkey, with headquarters in
Naples); Mediterranean (the Mediterranean
basin and straits, with headquarters in Malta).
Apart from the strategic and political intel-
ligence network, NATO has a special mechanism
for conducting "psychological warfare". The
NATO leading bodies in this field are: the Com-
mittee of Political Advisers of the NATO Coun-
cil (draws up plans for political actions to be
taken by the bloc and prepares surveys on vari-
ous problems of the foreign and domestic policy
of the member countries); the Committee on
Information and Cultural 'Relations of the
NATO Council (engages in anti-Communist
propaganda); the Political Affairs Board of the
NATO Secretariat, which consists of political,
information and press divisions.
An important role in the development and
improvement of the NATO "psychological war-
fare" machinery was played by the 1956 session
of the NATO Council, which discussed the step-
ping up of NATO subversion against the
Socialist countries, and plso by the so-Called
Atlantic Congress held in London in June 1959.
The latter was specially devoted to subversive
propaganda against the Soviet ?Union and the
other Socialist countries. It decided to set up a
NATO "counter-propaganda" division to fight
Communism in Western Europe, and a Free
World Association to carry out ideological sab-
otage in the Socialist countries. In order to
co-ordinate the activities of the propaganda
bodies of member countries, the NATO Informa:
tion Service organised within the European
Command, in conjunction with the bloc's other
propaganda agencies, annually convenes Atlan-
tic conferences to discuss the organisation and
methods of subversive propaganda against the
Socialist countries.
The structure of the intelligence agencies of
the West's other military-political blocs is in
many respects similar to that of the NATO in-
telligence service. The intelligence agencies of
the member countries of these blocs co-ordinate
their work through special committees and sub-
committees. In CENTO, the main bodies direct.-
ing intelligence and subversion are the Intelli-
gence Division of the Joint Military Planning
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?-?
Staff and the Counter-Subversion Committee. In
SEATO, similar functions are performed by
military planning, military intelligence and
counter-intelligence committees, and also by the
Counter-Subversion Committee. In the Or-
ganisation of American States (0.A.S.), intelli-
gence and the struggle against the national-
liberation movement are directed by the recently
established Inter-American Counter-Subversion
Commission, the Inter-American Defence Board
and some bodies of the Organisation of Central
American States (ODECA). Questions of in-
telligence and subversion are frequently dis-
cussed at various meetings of the working
bodies and regular sessions of the higher organs
of these blocs.
U.S. ruling circles want to closely co-
ordinate the intelligence and subversive activi-
ties of these blocs with a view to intensifying
this work and connecting it more closely with
their main strategic objectives. With this aim
in view, negotiations were held in 1957 and
1958 on "contacts" and "co-operation" between
the blocs. Being unable to achieve the complete
merger of these blocs, the U.S. imperialists
have made their partners adopt a decision in
principle on co-operation between NATO,
SEATO, CENTO and the O.A.S. in the field of
information exchange.7 Provision was also made
for the setting up of a special inter-bloc co-
ordinating body and the establishment of a more
simple and effective information exchange
system. ?
Multilateral co-operation between the impe-
rialist intelligence agencies within the frame-
work of military-political blocs is supplemented
by co-operation on the basis of bilateral agree-
ments.
Such agreements often serve as a screen to
conceal the actual partiCipation of some coun-
tries in Western military-political blocs. As an
example we can cite the Japan-U.S. Joint
Consultative Committee on Security set up
in 1957 under U.S. pressure; it was con-
ceived by Allen Dulles as an instrument of
imperialist subversion in the Far East. Re-
lations between the United States and other
imperialist Powers with Franco Spain, on
whose territory there is a whole network of U.S.
military and spy bases, can be cited as yet an-
other example of this type. The Israeli intelli-
gence service is used by the imperialist states to
secure their interests in the Arab countries. In
1961, the Al Shaab newspaper wrote that in
Israel an espionage centre had been set up by
7 New York Times, March 14, 1958.
NATO for collecting information on "Commu-
nist activity" in the Middle East.
In concluding not only military, but also mili-
tary-political, economic and scientific and tee:
nical agreements, provision is usually made
one or another degree of co-operation between in-
telligence agencies. This is evidenced by the
agreements on military assistance, concluded be-
? tween the United 'States and the European ,NATO
member countries (1950); the "security treaties"
? between the United States and the Philippines,
New Zealand and Japan (1951); the military
agreements between the United States and
Turkey, Iran and Pakistan (1959); the agree-
ments between the United States and NATO
member countries on the transfer of technical
information in the field of atomic energy, etc.
For instance, under Article II of the Anglo-
American agreement of July 3, 1958, for co-op-
eration on the uses of atomic energy for mutual
defence purposes, "Each party will commu-
nicate to or exchange with the .other such classi-
fied information as is jointly determined to be
necessary. ..."8 In 1957, during the Eisenhower-
Macmillan meeting in the Bermudas, it was
decided to set up a joint commission consisting
of representatives of the two countries' intelli-
gence agencies.
? In many cases, bilateral co-operation in the
. field of intelligence and subversion is based on
special agreements. U.S. intelligence succeeded
in concluding such agreements with NATO
member countries as far back as 1949. These
agreements have enabled it to appoint its repre-
sentatives to U.S. allies' intelligence agencies
carrying out spying and subversive activities
against the Soviet Union and the other Socialist
countries. It has concluded similar agreements
with many U.S. partners in the other blocs:
Thus, bilateral agreements are used by the
American intelligence service to exercise con-
trol over the intelligence agencies of U.S. allies
on a wider scale and to direct their activity.
Various reactionary organisations, which
are on the payroll and in the service of impe-
rialist intelligence, are an integral part of the
international spy consortium. In 1949, for in-
stance, U.S. intelligence set up in New York the
Free Europe Committee; Allen Dulles directly
participated in its guidance. The task of this
committee is to train spies and saboteurs to be
sent to Socialist countries in Europe and also
8 Agreement Between the Government of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the
Government of the United States of America for Coopera-
tion on the Uses of Atomic Energy for Mutual Defence
Purposes, ,London, 1958, Cmnd. 537. p. 2.
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to carry on subversive propaganda over the
powerful Free Europe radio tation.
In 1954, the American secret service or-
ganised the Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist
League with headquarters ? in Saigon. This
league, now operating in 16 Asian countries, is
intended to drum up forcesto fight the national-
liberation movement in Asia. The leading posts
in the league are filled by U.S. agents from the
Chiang Kai-shek clique, South Korean puppets,
members of the insurgent bands in Indonesia
and other imperialist henchmen. The Inter-
American Confederation for Defence of the Con-
tinent is engaged in similar activities in Latin
America, while the Moral Re-armament does
the same in Asia and Africa.
The Spy Consortium in Operation
HOW do the imperialist intelligence agencies
co-operate? In the first place, they elaborate
and implement a general plan for intelligence
and subversion in accordance with imperialism's
political and military strategy.
For instance, in NATO, "national" intelli-
gence plans are agreed and a single plan for
"psychological warfare" in peacetime and es-
pecially during war are worked out. The im-
perialists attach particular importance to the
latter. As they conceive it, the war of ideas in
contradistinction to ordinary war should destroy
their enemy within. "Regular war is a sword
which cuts and wounds the organism, while
psychological war is a disease that acts upon
the cells," NATO strategist Thillautl wrote in
1958.?
In the event of a war or critical situation,
the NATO strategists plan for joint espionage
and subversion both in the zone of military op-
erations and throughout the entire territory of
the Socialist countries. According to available
data, a particularly important role in this
respect is assigned to the Tenth Task Group of
U.S. Army, stationed in Bad Tolz (West Ger-
many). This group is being strenuously trained
in "guerrilla" warfare and takes an active ,part
in NATO military exercises.
What is characteristic in this respect is that
while attaching great importance to the ex-
change of information with its allies, the U.S. in-
telligence service tries to adhere to the tradi-
tional principle of non-equivalent exchange.
Japan Socialist Review, for instance, wrote on
April 1, 1963, that "there is no setup for the ex-
Revue Militaire Ginerak, December 1958, p. 664.
change of information between the Japanese in-
telligence organ and the CIA on an equal foot-
ing". The magazine added that the terms for the
exchange of information between the United
States and Japan were set "after the pattern of
the agreements the U.S. had concluded with the
various NATO countries".
At the same time, the U.S. intelligence serv-
ice uses the agreements for co-operation with
the intelligence services of other capitalist coun-
tries to obtain the right to employ their
territory and intelligence agencies for its own
purposes so that the states which have al-
lowed American military bases on their ter-
ritory provide a wide field of action for U.S.
intelligence. It would be no exaggeration to say
that military bases in themselves are strong
points for espionage and subversion.
We can mention as an example U.S.-occupied
Okinawa, in which the First Task Group of the
U.S. Army is stationed and trained for conduct-
ing "guerrilla" operations in Far Eastern coun-
tries.
According to foreign press reports, U.S. in-
telligence also makes wide use of Turkish
territory for monitoring and electronic espi-
onage. Some time ago, UP correspondent Rus-
sell Jones reported that U.S. radar stations spy-
ing on the U.S.S.R. are located in Samsun,
Amasra, Eregli, Sile and Trabzon.
The territory of the capitalist countries ad-
jacent to the Soviet Union and other Socialist
states is used by imperialist intelligence for
smuggling secret agents across national fron-
tiers. In August 1951, two U.S. secret agents,
Osmanov and Sarantsev, were flown to So-
viet Moldavia; after fulfilling their assignment
they were to have met representatives of U.S.
intelligence in the Turkish town of Kars. In
1952, the Anglo-American spy Todor Stoyan
Hristov was smuggled from Turkish territory
into Bulgaria. I:n 1955, American spies Izmailov,
Zeinalov and Aslanov, trained in Turkey, were
detained on Soviet territory.
While trying to expand such forms of co-
operation with other imperialist Powers, the
U.S. intelligence service also aims to reserve the
right to independently carry out espionage from
-the territory of the U.S. allies. Such a practice
constitutes a serious threat to the national se-
curity of these countries, for it presupposes set-
ting up on their territory a network of secret
agents, which can any minute be. used against
a country's political system which may for some
reason or other become undesirable .,,r U.S.
ruling circles. U.S. intelligence establishes con-
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tacts with the most reactionary groups which
serve as a prop for American imperialism.
During the Second World War, the United
States succeeded in extending the activity of
the Federal Bureau of Investigation to the
Latin American countries under the guise of
the need to fight the Axis Powers' intrigues
there. The FBI was thus able to place its
secret agents in the state machinery, politi-
cal parties and public organisations of these
countries.'? In the post-war period, these agents,
whose activities were now motivated by the
need to resist subversion on the part of "in-
ternational Communism's agents"," were ac-
tively employed by U:S. imperialism to fight
the national-liberation movement in Latin
America.
As the positions of world imperialism
weaken, its police functions are enhanced. This
is in particular evidenced by the joint punitive
operations of imperialist intelligence against
the progressive forces in Asia, Africa and Latin
America, with the United States playing an
active part in these operations. In his book,
referred to above, Allen Dulles points out the
growing part of U.S. intelligence in ensuring
the "internal security" of the member countries
of aggressive blocs.42
Suffice it to note that in 49 countries there
are at present 344 groups of American instruc-
tors training local armed forces in the latest'
methods of 'internal defence". While speaking
at a Coast Guard Academy on July 3, President
Johnson declared that the United States was
making great efforts in training special armed
forces for carrying out anti-guerrilla and other
punitive actions. Since January 1961 onward,
over 100,000 officers have been trained in the
United States for.,espionage, subversion and
anti-guerrilla warfare. All U.S. Army units are
being trained in punitive counter-insurgency
operations.
CIA and Pentagon leaders also consider the
training of spies and saboteurs for their allies
to be one of their most important tasks. What
leaps to the eye in this connection is the close
contact between the appropriate bodies of the
U.S. and West German armed forces. They, for
instance, train saboteurs according to almost
unified programmes. In Fort Gulick (the Panama
Canal Zone) there is a CIA intelligence school
training security and intelligence officers for
Latin America. In the locality of Nha Trang
See J. Lloyd Mecham, The United States and
Inter-American Security, 1889-1960, Austin, 1961. p. 226.
1, Ibid., p. 424.
12 Allen Dulles, op. cit., p. 54.
(South Viet-Nam), an intelligence school has
been set up to train spies and saboteurs for
smuggling them into the Democratic Republic
of Viet-Nam, and also members of punitive op-
erations to fight the national-liberation move-
ment in South Viet-Nam.
The Spy Consortium
and Inter-Imperialist Contradictions
THE attempts of the imperialist Powers,
especially the U.S.A., to form an intel-
ligence coalition by no means exclude the em-
ployment of intelligence agencies in their own
internal struggle. No agreements between them
can eliminate their contradictions. Reciprocal
mistrust and the desire to defend one's in-
terests at the expense of others result in
a peculiar combination of co-operation and
struggle between the same intelligence ag-
encies.
The West European press often carries state-
ments to the effect that "America is spying
against its allies", thus causing them anxiety
and raising suspicions about their senior
partner's actions.
In 1960, Mitchell and Martin, former
employees of the U.S. National Security Agency,
told the world about the system of radio espio-
nage carried out by the United States against
its allies, including France, Italy and Turkey.
U.S. intelligence uses electronic equipment and
its .agents in the ciphering services of U.S.
allies to decipher telegrams from over 40 for-
eign states.
In the summer of 1961, the editorial offices
of the British Daily Herald, French Combat,
Italian La Giustizia and Turkish Cumliurlyet
received photocopies of 12 documents of the
U.S. secret service. Their sender?an American
intelligence agent who for quite obvious reasons
preferred to remain unknown?wrote that he was
exasperated by the United States' espionage
against its friends, which undermines their
respect for and trust of America and jeopardises
the "solidarity of the, free world"."
One of ..the documents was an excerpt from
the Daily Intelligence Report of July 13, 1959.
It contained data on the strength and station-
ing of British troops in the Middle East and
noted their tendency to increase. Another docu-
ment was classified as secret and restricted to
the United Kingdom and Canada and referred.
to the invention in Sweden of a so-called aero-
dynamic bomb for spreading bacteria.
? la See Frankfurter Rundschau, June 6, 1961..
ont-Inued
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. ?
(Th
A third document, No. 2763 of January 22,
1960, contained an analysis of the growth of
the strategic effectiveness of the West German
Army. Commenting on this document, Conibat
wrote that although the State. Department and
the Pentagon trust West Germany's Army and
Government, this, however, does not prevent
the United States from carrying out intelligence
work against its partner. 14 turns out, the news-
paper emphasised, that in elaborating strategic
plans, the U.S. Command Cannot rely on the
Bundeswehr Command's estimate of West Ger-
many's war potential and official information.
The Pentagon strategists are perhaps worried
? by the "insufficient strategic effectiveness of the
Bundeswehr" as compared with the armies of
the Socialist countries, on the one hand, and
?the growing preponderance of West Germany's
armed forces in Western Europe, on the other.
In his book mentioned above, Allen Dulles
is also compelled to admit that the United
States engages in spying against its allies. Re-
ferring to history, he expresses doubts as to the
reliability of friendship based on treaties of
alliance. That is why, he says, "it is always use-
ful to have 'in the bank' a store of basic intel-
ligence ... about all countries.""
By placing its agents in the allied countries,
U.S. intelligence is not only striving to be au
courant in all of their domestic affairs but also
to influence the latter in the direction it desires,
including the removal of Governments which do ?
not suit it. Characteristically enough, the Lon-
don Times wrote about the exposure in West
Germany of an illegal neo-fascist combat group
consisting of CIA proteges. In its survey of CIA
activity, the American Nation admitted the in-
volvement of U.S. intelligence in the O.A.S. re-
Volts against the de Gaulle Goyernment.
America's allies protest against this aspect
of U.S. intelligence activity, as can be seen
from an article by British Government Minister
Julian Amery recommending the Americans to
be more careful about the competitive struggle
with the European States." It would of course
be wrong to think that the secret services of
the U.S. allies do not engage in similiar activ-
ity. This above all applies to the intelligence
agencies of Britain, France and \Vest Germany.
E. J. Kingston-McCloughry, British military
strategist, writes in his Defence Policy and
Strategy that intelligence has assumed a global
14 Allen Dulles, op. cit., p. 54.
'5 See What Europe Thinks of America, Ed. by Burn-
ham, New York, 1953, pp. 137-158.
nature and is being conducted by the imperial-
ist secret services against all nations: both a
probable enemy and the allied and neutral coun-
tries. He believes that the range of intelligence
activity and the scale of spy and other subver-
sive actions depend on the nature of inter-state
relations. "In the case of friendly and neutral
countries," the author writes, "the competitive
field is mainly economic and commercial,
although also to a greater or lesser degree
political. The competitive field is influenced by
ethics, culture, trade, standards of living and
increasingly by scientific invention and tech-
nological development. In the case of neutral
countries all measures to retain and strengthen
their neutrality are most important.""
Such is the reverse side of relations between
the Western allies and their intelligence
agencies' co-operation; it may well illustrate
the thesis of the C.P.S.U. Programme that "the
basic contradiction of the contemporary world,
that between Socialism and imperialism, does
not eliminate the deep contradictions rending
the capitalist world".
0
LEARLY enough, the endeavour made by
\--4 Western ruling circles to set up an interna-
tional imperialist spy consortium is a manifes-
1ation of the deepening crisis of the imperialist
system as a whole.
By drawing the intelligence, agencies of
capitalist states into the "undeclared war"
against the Soviet Union and the other Socialist
countries, the U.S. ? secret service takes the'
dangerous path of stirring up international
reactionary forces, and jeopardises the national
interests of these states and the cause of peace.
It is no secret that the imperialist intelligence
services are highly interested in keeping up
world tension, for in such conditions it is easier
for them to act and strive to implement their
aggressive plans.
Although U.S. intelligence is far from the
realisation of its dangerous undertaking, which
is to no small degree explained by growing in-
ter-imperialist contradictions, this undertaking,
however, cannot but alarm world opinion de-
manding the abandonment of covert and overt
interference in other states' affairs as an im-
perialist means of settling international prob-
lems.
16 E. J. Kingston-McCloughry, Defence Policy and
Strategy, London, 1960, pp. 55-56.
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