THE REMOVAL OF SOVIET CHIEF OF STAFF MARSHAL NIKOLAY ORARKOV

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 7, 2011
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: July 17, 1985
• Content Type: MEMO

50X1-HUM
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
Shake-Ups Show, Gorbachev's. Strength
Appointments Emphasize Established Talent, Modern Approaches
By Celestine Bohlen
Waho{tm Post Foreign Service
MOSCOW, July =18-Last September, for rea-
Soviet nditary, was booted from his job as chief
of the generate. s
Although 'never totally, banished, Ogarkov
seemed to be hovering on the edge of profession-
al oblivion. But last month, there were indica-
tions that he might be coming back into favor
when a booklet of his was published and re-
viewed in the official press.
Now Ogarkov is reported to be. back at the
center of the Soviet defense establishment.
Sources here have said he has been appointed
first deputy defense minister and commander of
the Warsaw Pact forces, the key move in a
shake-4; of the Defense Ministry launched by
new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. No date
has been set for a formal announcement, sources
said.
The Defense Ministry shuffle, apparently done
last week before Gorbachev left Moscow for va-
caticn, offers a good example of the new' leader's
method in changing the top levels of the Soviet
government and selecting members of his new
team.
The changes at the Defense Ministry will be
watched closely for any hint of a change in pol-
icy.
In another move, Marshal Vladimir Tolubko,
70, commander of Soviet strategic forces, has
been retired from his key position, which in-
volves overseeing the Soviet nuclear missile ar-
senal. His replacement is Yuri Maksimov, a
younger man who has been commander of the
Turkestan military district.
Tolubko had held the job since 1972 and be-
fore that was deputy to the first Soviet strategic
commander. According to western diplomats,
Tolubko was absent from, the May 9 military pa-
rade this year. suggesting that he may be in poor
health
In choosing Ogarkov, Gorbachev
L again has reached for someone with
a solid professional background, a
reputation for independent thinking and creden-
tials as a tough manager. These same qualities
have been used to describe Eduard Shevard-
nadze, the new foreign minister, and Igor Li-
gachev, now the second party secretary in
charge of personnel.
In many cases, Gorbachev has shown a will-
ingness to promote from without, skirting a well-
established Soviet tendency to replace retiring
executives with deputies who faithfully follow in
their boss' footsteps.
Ogarkov, for one, is coming back from a form
of political exile, and Gorbachev's reaching out
to someone who appeared to have been in dis-
favor can also be seen as a reflection of the new
Soviet leader's political strength. After his sum-
mary exit as chief of staff last Sept. 6, Ogarkov
apparently took up duties as commander of west-
ern theater farces, a command that existed
largely on paper.
As Warsaw Pact chief, Ogarkov will rank third
in the Soviet military, after Defense Minister
Sergei Sokolov and Chief of Staff Sergei Akhro-
meyev. In that sense, his rehabilitation cannot be
considered complete: he will not have gotten his
old job back, and in the chain of command he will
serve under his former deputy.
But Ogarkov is a strong personality with de-
cided views, and in picking him for such a key
job, Gorbachev has made a statement that un-
doubtedly will reverberate through the military
bureaucracy and beyond. It is also expected to be
a popular move among the Warsaw Pact allies,
who. recognize..Ogarkov as a highly competent
professional solder.
By apptadtmg.Ogarkov, Gorbachevas MIS
that his dismisad was not warranted, an
challenge to those in the Defense Ministry who
,
favored it. In a system that values co"binuity
such a break is coated imemal and a sign of
considerable setefas~uuance.
The appointment also seems to indicate that
Gorbachev has an affinity for Ogarkov's views.
Ogarkov has argued that the;Soviet Uniop must
modernize all aspects of its defenses, and in ~par-
ticular that it :suet meet and respond to the wil-
Weed by the
into UGorbs own
emphasis on the urgent need to put the Soviet
economy on an equal footing with its high-tech
rivals in the West. Diplomats here describe the
two as being like-minded in the emphasis they
give to`tech nology and modernization.
But finally, by putting him back in Moscow,
Gorbachev has assured himself of Ogark e s loy-
alty, establishing a relationship not unlike the
one between the new leader and Shswardnadze.
at the Foreign Ministry.
Various patterns already have emerged in Gor-
bachev's appointments: the knack for surprise, the
emphasis on established talent and on "modern"
approaches, and a shift away from the old men
who have clung so tenaciously to their jobs.
The reported changes at the Defense Ministry
are a good example: the man tapped to succeed
Alexei Yepishev, 77, as head of the political direc-
torate of the armed forces is Alexei Lizichev, said
to be in his fifties, who now heads the political sec-
pon with Soviet forces in East Germany.
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i
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07 : CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
TIMES, FRIDAY, JULY 19, 1985
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Shuffle in Soviet Military Under Way
By HEDRICK.SMITh
SpeJal to The New York T1ms
WASHINGTON, July 18'- In a si--
nificant m Jltary shake-up, the Soviet
Union has rehabilitated Marshal Niko-
lai V. Ogarko~t, who was dismissed as
Chief of the General Staff nine months
ago, according to reliable information
reaching here.
His new appointment has not beenof-
ficially announced. But the information
indicates that he has been made com-
mander of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact
forces, a post that carries the title of
First Deputy Minister of Defense.
His fortunes have been closely fol.
lowed by analysts of Soviet policy be-
cause he has opposed anuclear build
uupp
and called for more spending on high
teehnp)ogy and conventional forces.
The 67-}rear-old Soviet marshal has
been urging larger military budgets
and has been attacking United States
policies. But some specialists, both in-
side the Government and in academic
circles, believe that his opposition to an
expansion of nuclear forces may help
promote Soviet willingness to reduce
offensive arsenals.
Chief Political Commissar Out
The military shake-up, which also re-
moved the commander of Soviet forces
in East Germany and replaced the
Other analysts; like 4rnold Horelick
of the Rand . Corporation and Thane
Gustafson, head of Soviet studies at the
Georgetown University Center for
Strategic and International Studies,
said Marshal Ogarkov and Mr. Gorba-
chev seemed to have common views on
the need for high technology.
When Marshal Ogarkov was ousted
in September, Soviet diplomats said
that he had offended party leaders, ap-
parently Konstantin U. Chernenko and
the then Defense Minister, Dmitri F.
Ustinov, by his aggressive personal
style and his.advocacy for reallocating
military spending.
The Soviet diplomats confided that
the marshal, who had received world-
wide publicity for his defense of the
Soviet downing of the South Korean
airliner in September 1983, had dis-
played "un-party-like behavior."
Warning by Ustlnov Reported
Soviet officials and, journalists in
Moscow told Americans that Marshal
Ustinov bad regarded Marshal Ogar-
kov as "too big for his britches' and
that virtually on his deathbed In
December, Marshal Ustinov had urged
other Politburo members to prevent
the marshal from succeeding him as
Defense Minister.
When Marshal Ogarkov was suc-
ceeded as Chief of the General Staff by
his deputy, Marshal Sergei F. Akhro-
meyev, both Soviet officials and Asper-
scan specialists said their views were
so close that they expected no si~ifl-
cant change in Sovitt policy.
When Marshal_Usthuw ddeiepd, ,the rui-
ing Politburo piCked his d, Mar-
shal SS`rgei L. Sokolov, as the Defe e
Minister.
Since Marshal Ogarloov's &m41,
his duties have been vague.' At one
point he was said to be heeding a mW-
tary academy, and later to be to cue
of an unspecified western cemmand.
But he was not totally eoli ed, leading
some specialists to predict that he still
had protectors in the Politburo.
In addition to Marshal Ogartbv,
there are two other First Deputy De-
fense Ministers under Marsh#i Saiio-
lov. One is the effective sscond-ankhig
member of the military hierarchy,
Marshal
the former
commander of Soviet grog foross,
and-the other Is Marshal
Whose post as the Chief of~l'
Staff also carries with It the title of
First Deputy Defense Minister.
-
araging chief political commiss of the
Soviet armed forces, is being watched Liberia, Breaks Tres With ,Soviet
as a signal of Soviet policy in advance
of a meeting between President Rea
gas and Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the
Soviet leader, due in November.
The first high-level contact with the
new Soviet leadership will come in Sep-
tember when the new Soviet Foreign
Minister, Eduard A. Shevardnadze,
will come to the United States.
Members of Congress who met Mr.
Shevardnadze several years ago in
Soviet Georgia, where he was the Corn-
munist Party leader, have described
him as a polished, articulate politician
with an Interest in East-West relations.
His appointment as Foreign Minis-
ter, succeeding Andrei A. Gromyko,
came as a surprise to specialists, as did
some of the new military changes.
According to the reports reaching
here, Marshal Ogarkov is replacing an
old rival, Marshal Viktor G. Kullkov,
64, as the commander of the joint
forces of the Warsaw Pact, which is the
Soviet bloc's counterpart of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization. Marshal
Kullkov is said to be slated for a lower
post, heading a military academy in
Moscow.
In addition to the Soviet Union, the
joint command includes Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and
Rumania, although Rumania has been
playing a less active role in recent
years'.
Reliable sources said that Marshal
Aleksei A. Yepishev, political commis-
sar of the armed forces since 1962, was
retiring at the age of 77. His replace-
ment is Gen. Aleksei D. Lizidrev, 57,
who has 'been political commissar of
Soviet forces in East Germany.
The institution of political commis-
sars, which is found at all levels of the
Soviet armed forces, is "designed to
maintain a link between the party and
the military and to watch over the
political indoctrination and loyalty of
officers and soldiers.
. Shifts Reported by East Germans
MONROVIA, Liberia, July 18 (AP)
Liberia anno mced today that it was
severing diplomatic relations with the
Soviet Union after having arrested stn-
dents who it said had given military se-
crets to Soviet diplomats here.
The Government recalled its officials
from Moscow and gave Soviet diplo-
mats 72.hours to leave.Q4s.c . WR.
"F"oreign Ministry announced. .
It accused the Russians of "a serious
breach of the principles governing in-
ternational relations" and "gross in-'
terterence'in the internal affairs of Li-
beria which cannot be condoned."
On Wednesday, the Foreign Ministry
said In a statement,. Liberian officials
arrested 14 students who had visited
the Soviet Embassy and "were in-
volved in passing on to the Soviets das-
sified information on various military
installations in Liberia and the defense
capabilities of .he military."
Some documents were retrieved
from the students; the statement said:
Liberia, which was founded in the
The East German press agency had
announced Saturday that Gen. Mikhail
M. Zaitsev, 61, commander of the
Soviet forces in East Germany, was
leaving his post. Sources -here said he
was being replaced by the commander
of the Moscow Military District, Gen.
Pyotr G. Lushev.
Administration policy-makers re-
- Marshal Ogarkov as a hard-line
advocate of vigilance against the West.
In 1962 he compared President Reagan
to Hitler, charging Mr. Reagan with
seeking nuclear superiority.
"He is a very hard-line guy," an Ad-
ministration official said. "He supports
a heavy program of defense spending.
He is a formidable figure. But he is an
intelligent guy and he may be able to
give that system more dynamism and
Imagination on arms control."
1?M?M?.E?R'
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 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
A4 THE NEW YORK TIMES, FRIDA
The
Every village is said to have a para-
medic. Dili has a medical center that
Jarkarta residents say is pleasanter
and better equipped than most in the
country.
The battle for East Timor, Indo-
ne^"'n civil servants overseeing the
province's development say, wu, ..:.;-
mately have to be won in the schools,
hospitals and ricefields, not in the hills.
Gov. Mario Viegas Carrascalao, the
province's civil administrator since
1982, said Fretilin guerrillas remained
under arms "because they don't be-
lieve what we are doing for the peo-
ple."
Indonesian troops who took East
Timor 10 years ago were often brutal
and repressive, Indonesian officials
now acknowledge. Soldiers bore much
of the responsibility for the deaths of
thousands of people in military action
or from the effects of forced marches
and resettlement away from farm vil-
lages in guerrilla areas.
Indonesia - which had sovereignty
since 1945 over the western half of
Timor Island, part . of the province of
East Nusatenggara - invaded East
Timor in December 1975, after a decla-
ration of independence by Fretilin the
previous month. The action followed
several months of civil war during
which political parties of the right and
left made bids for power in the political
vaccum left by a sudden Portuguese
withdrawal after the 1974 revolution in
Lisbon.
The territory was formally annexed
in July 1976. Fretilin took to the hills to
continue the war.
By 1979 an already fragile economy
had been completely disrupted, diplo-
mats and local officials say. Fields and
livestock had been destroyed or left un-
attended.
Livestock Is Depleted
imor Still at War but Life Improves
ghttime attacks on lightly defended
Continued From Page Al
ed over the last year. Pitched
ttles are reported to be less frequent.
uerrilla ambushes of troops and
als, appear to account for many of I
e casualties.
The guerrilla war is being waged by
f th Id
Revolutionary Frontorene-
ence of East Timor, known by its
j ronym in Portuguese as Fretilin. J
But at the same time the church has
gacy of the Portuguese, grows. -
or's Roman Catholic churches, a
T apheimbngly Moslem country. As
osques begin to dot the local land-
- built to serve the troops and
vi1 administrators sent here from
titutionally secular but over-
?sliwnomic factors are at work in East
4mmor, creating a more complicated
?~-tuation than just a confrontation be-
een Jakarta and political separa-
ts.
} A Christian Outpost
t1t East Timor, now Indonesia's 27th
t a variety of ethnic, religious and
e front is loosely organized, accord-
to most reports, and is thought to
ve between 500 and 1,000 guerrillas
pported by about 2,000 family mem-
rs in the hills in the central and east-
`tTt part of the province.
+y' Accounts of recent events also reveal
" Some priests who are outspoken crit
.1es of Jakarta often portray themselves
as defenders of both the faith and Timerose culture. Relatives of guerrillas
say the insurgency also gets a certain
amount of support beyond family loy-
alty just because it symbolizes Tfmor.
Jakarta, recognizing concerns,
has been sending ad lnistrators from
other Christian minority groups
around the country to East Timor.
But Timorese and foreign priests say
that among the Indonesian establish-
ment in the province, there are also
fundamentalist Moslems who actively
seek converts to Islam.
"These are poor?peoPle," a priest in
a rural area said of his t:ock. "Some go
over to Islam for a bag of rice."
A visit to East Timor - which has
about half a million people and is nor-
mally closed to all outsiders except aid
officials, diplomats and occasional for-
eign political delegations - indicates
that steady progress is being made in
improving the lives of the civilian
population in health, education and
agriculture.
Indonesian figures show that the cen-
tral Government is spending more in
East Timor - at least $100 a year per
capita - than in any other province
outside Jakarta. According to the
provincial government, . literacy has
risen from 8 to 60 percent. Where in
1976 there were 47 primary schools,
there are now 427.
t the influence it had when Portugal
much of the administration of its
itory in ecclesiastical hands. Pub-
services are now run from Indo-
esian Government offices.
Spec.
BANGKC
Thai offick
ese boat per
asylum in
ment in thi
too slowly.
The offic "
secretary
curity Con
conferenc.
agencies n
nese refug.
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ing their i1
Mr. Pr&
cal of Wes
he said, to
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He callee
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Vietnam's f ?.
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speech, he
bassy in Vii
Laotian Go.
that discuss
Scree[
On July !
ing with
United Na..
Refugees,
refugees c
border. Ti
send back
view, do n
tians hay'
refugee g3
Mr. Prt
that Thai!
screening
said discu
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where the
be sent. I
and pirat
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the rate o
Thailand
from the
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men who {
in their h
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The p
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Mr. Pr
months o;
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abroad,
21,038 lass
sign of f;
Plre
The h
pears ta;
because
on that ground, to respond to a recent
Amnesty International report on
human rights violations in East Timor.
Diplomats who have monitored East
Timor for several years - some of
whom criticized Indonesia after the an-
nexation - say the situation began to
improve substantially by 1982.
Then meetings began between Gov-
ernor Carrascalao and the leader of the
rebel group, Jose Alexandre Gusmao.
But efforts at reconciliation were set
back in August 1983, when guerrillas
killed 16 unarmed army engineers, and
the army took the opportunity to begin
a major military operation against the
insurgents. Another wave of arrests
followed, as fighting went on until Feb-
ruary of 1984.
Relative peace was then re-estab-
lished, and the number of political pris-
oners has since been reduced, accord-
ing to Government figures and diplo-
mats' reports.
A priest who regularly visits Co-'
marca Prison in Dili said there were
only 50 political prisoners still awaiting
trial there at the end of June. He said 70
others had recently been freed.
On Atauro Island, about 20 miles off
the coast opposite Dili, where more
than 4,000 people were sent in the early
1980's to separate them from guerrillas
they were said to be supporting, there
are now 1,176 detainees. Governor Car-
rascalao said he hoped to send them all
home by the end of the year if condi-
tions permitted.
Rebels Called Factionalized
He said he believed that the rebel or-
ganization was now factionalized, with
a Marxist group loosely presiding over
bandit gangs with little or no political
philosopy.
In interviews in the eastern town of
Lospalos, near the center of Fretilin
activity, two former guerrillas who had
turned themselves in at the end of May
under an amnesty were unable to name
any guerrilla leaders except for a man
they identified as Miguel dos Santos.
He was the head of the band of about 10
According to figures supplied in
early July by the East Timor provin-
cial agriculture department, the num-
be-' ~f water buffalo, an animal of
many uses to poor Asian fart :ers, had
dropped from 141,006 in 1973 to 24,597 in
1980. In 1973 there were 46,160 sheep; in
1980, 5,828. Similar drastic reductions
occurred in pig, cattle and horse popu-
lations.
There was starvation, which the
Indonesian Foreign Minister, Mochtar
Kusumaatmad ja, described as "worse
than Cambodia." The International
Committee of the Red Cross is now
more or less permanently represented
here, monitoring food and medical
conditions, caring for the displaced and
visiting political prisoners. Other hu-
manitarian groups also work in the
province.
Indonesia's conduct during the an-
nexation attracted attention from
human rights groups worldwide. Their
campaigns eventually embarrassed
the Government of President Suharto,
diplomats say, and changes were made
in both the military and civilian admin-
istration of the province.
The New York Times/Barbara CmeaeUe
Children in village of Waimari in East Timor, which was
burned by guerrillas a year ago. Gov. Mario Viegas
Carrascalao, left, civil administrator of the Indonesian
province, said rebel activity continued "because they
don't believe what we are doing for the people."
Indonesian authorities and dipbo-
ma now question whether human
righ groups, which often rely on infor-
mati from exiles who have been out
of Eas Timor for up to 10 years, accu-
rately r ect the current situation in
their re . Indonesia has declined,
View on a Soviet ICBMIs Revised
Continued From Page Al
"window of vulnerability."
It also influenced President Carter's
approach to the arms control talks, of-
ficials said. The American negotiators
had initially focused attention on the
55-18, and sought to negotiate a treaty
limiting the size and destructive power
of missiles. But after the C.I.A. esti-
mate of 1977, the Carter Administra-
tion accepted an overall limit on num-
bers of multiple-warhead missiles and,
because of Soviet resistance, set aside
efforts to limit destructive power.
The 1977 estimate has continued to be
influential. The Joint Chiefs of Staff
told Congress in February in a report
on the American military posture:
"Today, the most accurate versions
of the SS-18 and 55-19 missiles are
capable of destroying most time-ur-
gent and hardened targets in an initial
attack on the United States."
Defense Secretary Caspar W. Wein-
berger has frequently cited the ac-
curacy of the two missiles in the same
breath when arguing for the MX. A
major justification for the MX has been
? the need to match the silo-killing abil-
ity of the two Soviet missiles.
Administration officials said the new
estimate of the SS-19 was open to inter-
pretation, but one official said the best
estimate of the missile's abilities was
significantly lower than earlier esti-
mates.
The National Journal article quotes a
Pentagon official as saying that the
new estimate had reduced the pro-
jected accuracy of the SS-19 by "better
than a third."
The technical measure of missile ac-
curacy is called circular error prob-
ability, which is the radius of a circle
within which a warhead has a 50 per-
cent probability of falling. The Na-
tional Journal said the revised esti-
mate had extended the radius from
1,000 feet to 1,300 feet. Administration
officials said they would not dispute the
National Journal figures.
A Pentagon official familiar with the
report said that even if the estimate
was accurate, it would still leave the
Soviet Union with 3,000 more accurate
warheads on SS-18 missiles, or three
for every Minuteman silo.
One Administration arms control
specialist said the new estimate might
give the United States more time or
missile modernization and might be
used to defend the Administration's
plan to put the MX missiles in fixed
silos. Critics have said that the MX
would be a sitting duck in fixed silos be-
cause of the accuracy of the Soviet mis-
siles.
fighters to which the two young men -
Victor Carzaya, 21 years old, and
Angelo da Assuristas, 27 - said they
had belonged. Both said they had re-
turned from the hills because life was
too difficult there.
"We had no food, we had no clothes,"
Mr. Assuristas said. He said they had
been forced into the hills more than a
year ago and were "taught to be ban-
dits."
Banditry, and what the Indonesians
regard as a sense of vendetta, are often
given as reasons for the continuing
C
Ad H
Disarm:
A.M.an
Ticket
Tours a
bloodshed in East Timor, where the au-
thorities now refer to Fretilin as Bar
of Security Disruptors.
Ambushes Are Reported
Reports circulate of successfel arA-
bushes of Government troops and of
villages where guerrillas have free rein
at night, when soldiers are reluctant to
show themselves.
In one of two reported attacks in the
last week in June, for example, four
people were killed and homes and rice
crops burned in an area near Vermasse
on the north coast, according to a
priest. The district military com-
mander put the deaths at two and said
the attack was the result of intertribal
feuding and had nothing to do with re-
bellion.
Church and military officials seem to
agree on the circumstances of the larg-
est recorded guerrilla attack this year.
On Jan. 8, they say, 21 civilians and 4
members of the local civil guard were
killed in a six-hour rebel attack on four
hamlets around Iliomar on the south-
em coast.
At the Cemetery of the Heroes in Dili,
one of two military burial grounds in
the country, 84 graves had been added
since the beginning of the year. Though
officials declined to account for the
deaths, more than 70 grave markers
bore the Indonesian word "gugur,"
which normally means to die for a
cause or fall in action. The majority'
were also marked with a Moslem star,
indicating that many victims may have
been Indonesian soldiers or civil ser-
vants from outside East Timor.
Rules Out Talks With Rebels
Governor Carrascalao said he had
ruled out formal talks with the guerril-
las because he discovered that in July'
1983 they had planned to abduct him
during one of the negotiating sessions
in rebel territory.
He now says he will never again meet
the rebels' leader as head of a revolu-
tionary army, but "only as one Time-
rose with another Timorese."
He bad told the rebels?the Governor
said, "that there is no need to have win-
ners and losers."
"You just come down and mix with
the people," he said. "We are all Timo-
rose."
R
24.
281
351
5Orr
60m;
90mm
135mn
180mm
500mm
35-7Omn
2x Ext. E
2x Ext. S
sus,
FOR
2i -l
c *mm
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07 : CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
.Ny
Minister of
Defense
S. L. Sokolov
First Deputy
Minister of Defense
Deputy Minister
of Defense
Y.F Ivanovskiy
(C-in-C Ground
Forces)
Stavka of the Soviet I f
Supreme High Command
Chief of
Main Political
Directorate
First Deputy
Minister of Defense
V. G. Kulikov
(C-in-C Warsaw
Pact Forces)
Deputy Minister
of Defense
V. F. Tolubko
(C-in-C Strategic
Rocket Forces)
Deputy Minister
of Defense
A. I.Koldunov
(C-in-C Air Defense
Forces)
Supreme High
Command (VGK)
First Deputy
Ministers of Defense
Chief,
Main Political
Directorate
C-in-Cs of
Soviet Forces
General Secretary
CPSU
Minister
of Defense
Chief of the
General Staff
Chairman, USSR
Council of Ministers
General Staff
(Executive Agent of VGK)
First Deputy
Minister of Defense
18
Deputy Minister
of Defense
A. N. Yefimov
(C-in-C Air Forces)
Other Party
and State
Figures as Required
Deputy Minister
of Defense
S. G. Gorshkov
(C-in-C Naval Forces)
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
III ORGANIZATION OF SOVIET ARMED
FORCES
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2 -0 i -Ebd take care such min- - T, g' to lame-duck 36&;_
'
. D_
,
inally inciudpd A
m.41
"
the nation --SOU st.ruggung to advance the
-
got its first
presid
~
Y
e
nts policy goals in Congress
vlets restore Ogarkov
To Military Leadership
Ogarkov has regained _z ..-
in M
oscow.
MOSCOW_ oreover, as first .ton,,...
chief of staff and. Q et """ ' The shake-un ate?
----- =uuuster last September, was -? V11,Cnt or me commander of So-
reported by well-informed sources viet strategic forces, Marshal Vladi-
e
~M
o[ me military academies
sco
o
urces, vgar- - ...
kov, 67, ? -- S
has reoaino.t t,:_ OQarkov wtfn
of orig.
__
---a....
atestyle organizat u
ion chart.
See BEGAN
AId; Cot
.u C1Lect that Soviet foreign minute; 71ew . NIKOLAI OGARKOV
Page A25
ousted last
Accused Spy,
Wife May Face
Tax Charges
By Ruth Marcus
and Sharon LaFraniere
Washington Post Staff Writers
Accused spy Jerry Alfred Whit-
worth, charged with receiving hun-
dreds of thousands of dollars for his
role in the alleged Walker spy ring,
and his wife, Brenda Reis, are the
subjects of a federal grand. jury
probe into whether they reported
all of their income on their tax re-
turns, according to sources close to
the investigation.
The sources also provided new
details about the methods allegedly
used by Whitworth, a retired Navy
communications specialist, and his
Navy buddy, accused spy John An-
thony Walker Jr.
The sources said the investiga-
tion includes records indicating that
John Walker made trips to his Vir-
ginia safe deposit box shortly before
he allegedly met. with Whitworth in
California, or in overseas locations
such as Hong Kong and the Philip-
pines when Whitworth was serving
aboard ships.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved
year by Chernenko
fr
li:
ne
pr
of
to
sp,
vis
roti
pro
He
post
tiati
not
D.C. F;re Dept. Finds Leak
By John Ward Anderson
and Nancy Lewis
Washington Post Staff Writers
The D.C. Fire Department's Haz-
ardous Materials Unit has uncov-
ered evidence that numerous high-
voltage transformers located in
Smithsonian Institution buildings on
the Mall are leaking PCBs.
Other sources familiar with the
institution's electrical system said
circuit breakers that should afford
protection are themselves a fire
hazard.
The increased risk of fire is es-
pecially critical in a Smithsonian
building because a PCB blaze, and
the cancer-causing chemicals it
would produce, could contaminate
forever many national heirlooms
and close the structure for years,
officials said. The danger to fire-
fighters would be so great, fire of-
fcials said, that they might not go
inside to battle an electrical blaze.
INSIDE
Budget Conference
^ House-Senate budget talks
were near collapse after acri-
monious session in which Sen-
ate conferees rejected proposed
House compromise. Page A3
Reynolds Nomination
^ Administration is said to have
abandoned efforts to salvage the
nomination of William Bradford
Reynolds to be associate attor-
ney Kener-tl n
Midair Blast Indicated
^ Flight recorder is said to in-
dicate Air-India jet crashed after
a midair explosion. Page A24
Reaction to Jail Ruling
^ Impasse over jails may leave
D.C. prisoners' fate in attorney
general's hands. Page Cl
`
for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90TO0155R000500030004-2
Aft
27 vi.
log o
Unit:
at An
fire im
is repo
made a
In an
for the
would- I
smoke
Smiths&
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
Shake-Up Puts
Ogarkov Back
In Leadership
SOVIET, From Al -
summarily ousted last September
by the late Soviet leader Konstantin
Chernenko. It is believed that Ogar-
kov had opposed Chernenko's con-
ciliatory stand toward the United
States that eventually led to the re-
sumption of the Geneva arms talks.
But it was unclear whether the re.
turn of Ogarkov reflected a revival
of the hard line in the Kremlin.
Ogarkov also is reported to have
favored a strengthening of the tech-
nological capacities of the. Soviet
Union's conventional forces while
.the official Soviet military position
emphasized buttressing the Soviet
Union's nuclear stockpiles. Ogarkov
argued in an interview in May 1984
in the Soviet press that the deploy-
ment of U.S. intermediate-range
missiles in Western Europe did not
increase the possibility of a first
strike against the Soviet Union.
Both sides fully recognize the inev-
itability of a retaliatory strike, he
said.
Because of the implied nuclear
deadlock, he said, a modern conven.
tional superpower war was more
likely than a nuclear war. And he
argued that the Soviet military
must keep abreast of the latest con-
ventional warfare technology.
Western analysts have specu-
lated that differences between
Ogarkov and others on the issue of
stressing conventional rather than
nuclear capacities may have
prompted Ogarkov's ouster.
Although there was no official
confirmation of the changes at the
Defense Ministry, the sources said
the shake-up was extensive and in-
volved the retirement of a number
of senior officers, including Col.
Gen. Alexei Yepishev, 76, who was
replaced as head of the political di-
rectorate of the armed forces by a
younger general currently serving
in East Germany.
Because of his age and poor
health in recent months, the retire-
ment of Yepishev was described by
the sources as routine.
Ogarkov reappeared in public life
last month when the Defense Min-
istry published his book, "History
Teaches Vigilance." The book
seemed to echo main propositions
France Launches I
Similar to Star
Mitterrand Gives $115 Million St
By Michael Dobbs
Washington Post Foreign Service
PARIS, July 17-French Pres-
ident Francois Mitterrand, con-
cerned about a technological chal-
lenge from the United States and
Japan, today formally launched a
European high-technology project
that covers areas similar to the
Reagan administration's Strategic
Defense Initiative, popularly known
as "Star Wars."
Addressing a conference of min-
isters and industrial leaders from
17 European countries, Mitterrand
10 European C,
plus Spain, Port
tria, Sweden an(
In his speec
that the princip
to assure "the
pendence 'of
French officials
ever, that Eurf
direct competiti,
Unlike SDI, v
result in the
space-based deic-
nuclear missiles
ily a civilian pre
grams will, how
announced that France would make common areas c
an initial contribution next year of in laser beams,
about $115 million to the project, ers and artificial
which is known as Eureka. This Acknowledgin
marks the first pledge of govern- research could b
ment money to the French-spon- ian and militar
sored research program, which is French official sa
still in the planning stages. on the transfer
The Eureka project is regarded would limit partii
by French officials as a way of gal- Sect to West &
Several commur
vanizing governments and indus- cluding Bulgaria
tries across Western Europe to co- interest in partici
ordinate efforts on scientific re- After a meetin
search. It has succeeded in gener- earlier this montf
ating considerable interest since it and "Star Wars
was proposed three months ago by Bush said that tl
Mitterrand. ' patibility" betwe
Today's conference in Paris was jects. He added
attended by representatives of all difference betw=
Soviets Supplying Adv
By Don Oberdorfer,
Washington Post Staff Writer
HONOLULU, July 17-The Soviet Union sup-
plied North Korea with high-performance MiG23
fighters for the first time this spring, suggesting
a change in military relations between the two
communist allies, according to U.S. military of-
ficials.
North Korea is believed to have sought ad-
vanced warplanes for years but the Soviet Union
and China have been cautious about aiding or
encouraging the militant North Koreans in
launching an attack on South Korea.
Cr7 -I.
At
of Mi
in ear
have
Sung
trip t!
Sol
pectir
MiG2
tion b
South
is sch
Tht
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
Ogarkov advanced in a 1982 book in I D
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/12/07: CIA-RDP90T00155R000500030004-2
istry published his book, "History
Teaches Vigilance. The book
last month when the Defense Mm-
seemed to echo main propositions
Ogarkov advanced in a 1982 book in
which he called for greater pre-
paredness for war-not only of the
armed forces and military industry
but of all sectors of the Soviet econ-
omy.
Ogarkov argued on both occa-
sions that the United States and its
military doctrine pose the main
threat to peace. Since the Reagan
administration was trying to gain
strategic superiority, Ogarkov ar-
gued, the Soviet Union would in-
crease its "economic and defense"
potential to counter such moves.
At the time of his ouster last Sep-
tember, an official statement said
Ogarkov was relieved "in connec-
tion with a move to other duties"-
which were never disclosed. There
have been reports that he was given
charge of a largely theoretical west-
ern military theater without troops
to command.
Ogarkov has been one of the most
forceful advocates of military inter-
ests, frequently thought of as a fu-
ture _ defense minister. Three
months after his ouster, however,
the defense minister at the time,
marshal Dmitri Ustinov, died and
was replaced by Marshal Sergei
Sokolov, a career officer who com-
manded tank troops in World War II.
Ogarkov was replaced last Sep-
tember by Marshal Sergei Akhro-
meyev as chief of staff.
Kulikov, who is four years young-
er than Ogarkov, has served as War-
saw Pact commander since 1977.
a e-
d tt
Sergei Gorshkov, issued a state-
one of the largest in recent years. It
one
reported that the officials said more
than 40 warships, submarines and
support vessels from the Soviets'
Northern, Baltic and Black Sea
fleets had moved into the Atlantic
and the North Sea.
The BBC said the commander-
in-chief of the Soviet Navy, Adm.
encouraging the militant North Koreans in -* --u a u
C
Th
t
e
ar
er adminis
launching an attack on South Korea.
Reagan, Shultz
To Meet With
Shevardnaclze
MEETINGS, From A25
the Soviets sought a neutral site. A
decision for Shevardnadze to meet
Reagan at the White House could
be a gesture by the Soviets in re-
sponse to Reagan's original invita-
tion.
Shultz and Shevardnadze are
scheduled to hold their first meet-
ing July 31 in Helsinki. Shevard-
nadze, previously the communist
leader of the southern Soviet repub-
lic of Georgia, was elevated to for-
eign minister July 2, succeeding
Gromyko, who held the post 28
years. Gromyko became Soviet
president the same day.
A White House official, offering a
modest goal for the Reagan-Gor-
bachev meeting, said yesterday
Reagan hopes it will "set the agen-
da" for the next few years of U.S.-
Soviet relations.
Edward P. Djerejian, the White
House deputy press secretary for
foreign policy, said that this agenda-
setting, rather than any arms con-
trol agreement, is the "benchmark"
that should be used to judge the
meeting, which he declined to call a
"summit."
Djerejian said the Reagan admin-
istration's view is that the first
meeting of the two leaders should
not have "an exclusive preoccupa-
tion with arms control, but it is ob-
viously an important agenda item.
We would hope that the Soviet
Union would come prepared to in-
ject momentum into the arms con-
trol process."
His comments came a day after
U.S. and Soviet negotiators ad-
journed a second round of nuclear
arms talks in Geneva without signs
of progress.
Some U.S. officials are hoping
that the Reagan-Gorbachev meet-
ing, scheduled to begin shortly after
the third round of talks conclude,
will give impetus to the arms con-
ing the Soviet naval exercise was
Soviets Begin Exercise
In East Atlantic, North Sea
Associated Press
LONDON, July 17-The Soviet
Navy has begun a large exercise in
the eastern Atlantic and North Sea,
and its top admiral declared that his
submarines and aircraft are now a
match for the U.S. Navy, the British
Broadcasting Corp. reported today.
The BBC quoted North Atlantic
Treaty Organization officials as say-
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But U.S. officials have been try-
fficials
ment saving Moscow had been fnr tha t
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