MAN'S UTILITY IN SPACE STRESSED AT AIAA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP73-00475R000100790001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 6, 2014
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 5, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
0113X
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iPECiAir:EPORT,
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liti)a-rVe LREliity in Space ,Stressed AtIAA
tary men into 'space.
? inevitably require the sending of mill-
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50-Yr 2014/01/06 : CIA-RDP73-00475R000100790001-0
?
?.? ? ? ?? . 1 "
Noting that there is a large school ?
. of thought which believes that man is.
a "fifth wheel" in space, Schriever said .
this "goes against the experience of
,! mankind ovd. Ihc ages." Man has
proved his worth on land, sea and air,' .
he said,. then asked "why is it so dif- ?
ficult to imagine man filling this role in t
space?"
? It is "wishful thinking" to believe '
, ?
?
that man ultimately will not be put in .
space for military purposes.
Advances in technology, he said,
will not stop despite the belief of some
.people that they will. The space
pro-
gram, he said, must get away from the
-"throw-away" concept and mature into'
hardware that calls for manueverable.i
,re-entry vehicles and recoverable boost: IN
crs. This requires a space vehicle that .
;can re-enter and land on runways, he 1'
said.
This was echoed by NASA's Mud-,. ?
who alsoforecast the development
of an .aerospace plane. He said there':;,.
will be manned space stations that can ,
stay in orbit for a year or longer
agreed with the other panelists that...,
there was no need for crews to stay ?k
aloft that long. A ferry vehicle would ?!-.'?
be used for re-supply of both equip-'''
men( and crew, he said.
Reconnaissance satellites admitted
(-7177r acknow=n7rit-f?
that tile U.S. is usme unmanned satel-
lites tor reconnaissance 7t the Soviet ?
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Proposed alb:aimed space laantli vehicle was described .by a Douglas illissile and
Snare .c3:siems Dir. engineer at Third Annual A IAA Alerting held ,Nov. 29-Dec. 2
.in Bostbn.?llasic single-stage booster is ..50 fr. in diameter and 200 ft.' long.
?
Bos-roN?The manned spaceflight pro- George P. Miller I D-Calif.l. chairman
gram is the most successful technologi- . el the House Committee .on Science.
cal feat ever undertaken by this nation, . and Astronautics, and..1.'F-MacDonaW
accOrding to Dr. F.dward Welsn. ext... of the Institute for Defense Analyses.
ecutive secretary of the National Aero- ' Gen.., Schriever said the emphasis
nautics?and Space Council. ? on space activities should not only hi.
With that statement, he t:et the key in, peaceful purposes hut 'also - on pre
for a panel discussion by U.S. Space ex- servation of space. He Said this woul.
perts of the future of the U.S. space
program at the Third Annual sleeting
of the ?Anterican Jiistitiut of Aem-
monies ?. and Astronautics (AIAA).
Those on the panel included Gen. Iler-
tiara S. SeliriiI?vgr, t1SAl: (rel.), Dr.
iCi1l'I 1. l?toeiler, director of NASA's
maimed sp;4eellight programs, Rep.
18
I /
TtC'IINOI.OHY K'S special re-
po,: on Mr .4 LI A meetine was
pre pared by Senior 1...11lors
Charles Lorond. l'illiamn Relies'
and John holge, 'and ..i.sweiale
Editor Roti IlarnharrY
Union was made during the xinci
dis-
cuission by ICep. Miller. . ?
He declined to name the well-known';
projects engaged in this endeavor but"
pointed out that the USSR is engaged' I
in similar activity.
Miller later said one of the prob-
lents facing ffie House Space Commit-
tee was that-of educating the people of f!
the nation to 'the benefits of the space ?
program. It is a difficult task, he said, to' .
justify space expenditures against the!:.:' t
costs of Vietnam. foreign aid ?and ? ;
Great Society projects. ?
But. he insisted, it is the translation
of space technologies into useful bone-
fits that is the overall value of the space -;
program.
U.S. and Soviet efforts----"We know
a fair amo(int about what the Russians i?
are doing tin space work) but we don't
I
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)eclassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/01/06 CIA-RDP73-00475R000100790001-0
?
JUX)1. ? .
kniw ticir schedule," Dr. Welsh told
. a press conference following the Nov.? ?
'1 29 panel'
Expressing surprise that the Soviet
' 1 Union has not done more in manned
.}
spaceflight since 1964 than they have, .??
?, Welsh noted the benefits the Russians ,
? ?l? arc accruing from the U.S. manned .
??? spaceflight effort. Among these is the
certain knowledge that "rendezvous
and docking can be done in an orderly "
. ? manner," he said. ? :
?? On the other hand, the Soviet ,
?,* Union is putting high emphasis on in- ;
.....1;terplanctary and lunar activities. "To ?.
the best of our knowledge. (the 'nation)
-" has a manned lunar program." said
.1t1 iw u?
it." ?
? . ? Turning to the question of the U.S.,'
. .
sociates, Inc., president disclosed.
A completely., new program is .
ready Under-way that will attempt to
use the best approaches employed dur-
ing the last two meetings. A combina-
tion . technical ? program will include
both thethe and conventional technical
paper presentations. To satisfy both at-
tendees and exhibitors, Kavanau
the committee is looking for better ways
to couple .the technical sessions with
the exhibit hall, providing at least some
periods of minimum conflict in time. ,
The major themes that will be em-'?
phasized next...year. ? the conference?
chairman told TECIIN-01.0G1' WEEK, arc.
safety in manned .operations (Space,. 4ie
? Itht.itr, III-artiptiii:.111ZIF,
.???(problems ,.the?? megalopolis); .?and
space ,for' ? c.Ommerce ?.( more from . re-.
' space technological spectrum to atten-. ?'
dees and an?obvious view of the impact .
of the supersonic transport race, on .
. today's industrial scene. ? .
\Vhile much of the show may not.,'
have been new. to some aerospace ex- ? ;1
. penis, nearly. every booth ? provided .at.:
? least one major innovation in either "
product or technique. ?Typical of these.
are the few, described -below by TECH
'WEEK editors. Most were considerably ?:?
amplified by the lecture-demonstrations....
used so effectively by 'exhibitors in. the -'1?:1
'? booth area: ? . ? . ?? .
Tactical missile decoys?The Avcol .
; Corp. revealed a micro-decoy for tacti-
cal missiles, but company.
.'were ti2ntLlippeil regarding its .applica-!.?
'. lion to specific missiles. The micro-deCov...,'1
?displayed was 111.2 in. long and 0.8 iti1.1.1;.''
. . . ? .
?? and the USSR cooperating in space-,'
search, to practical. application) .
., ? ;1 in diameter and weighed 2.52 lbs.. It was
? craft tracking, Welsh said, "we would ???.
be happy to' work out a mutual ar-
rangement with the Russians . ?. . but
we don't want it to be one-sided." ? ?
Welsh is "not particularly encour-1.:
aged by the Joint (Russian-U.S. Mete-.-:
orological Program." He revealed that'..:
the Russians stopped sending metcoro-:?
logical data from their satellites "some'
weeks ago." Welsh suggested that per-
haps their equipment is -no longer 11.
working.
? ?
, ?? designed to give the Same radar cross?-...,...; .
...... section and flight dynamics as a?live ....! ?
-4`...777,7---' ", .:.?-.:-.... .. missile,. The decoy's principal scatterer.: ,
? t
.? ?? t
. is a dielectric rod reflector. . ' ... " : ? ?'11,??? r
. The decoys . can be deployed ' in
..coveys of 'live, the .entire package... i
..
? weighing 17.3 lbs. . The decoys are ?I?1
, mounted with their roll .axes parallel to
?
the missile skin, to minimize air drag,1 ???1
-and ejected by squibs. ? .
.. Avco -says' there are no "high-risk-.-:
items" in the package. The. company ?. !
names the following advantages for its ..,;?.1 ?
micro-decoys:
"Their pictures may not have been'.
as clear as ours," said Welsh, but they
showed that the Soviet Union can build
? ?sophisticated meteorological satellites.
Asked if a ?"space gap" exists be.';
4 tween the Soviet Union and the U.S.,.
Welsh answered that the U,S. assuredly.
1: ? leads in total number of manned space-,
flight hours "but . not necessarily: in;;
spacecraft weight (flown)." ; ?
-;??
Program diversified?Five . themes:, ?
were interwoven' thoughout the-
day (Nov. 29-Dec. 2) technical
gram; science experiments, ,air trans--?':..
portation, aerospace technology utili-
zation, manned orbital flight, and
pulsion systems. These were covered in'
46 lecture and panel sessions. In addi-
tion, four "forums" were held to cover:.?
. ? marine systems, management, reliability \,??':
? and maintainability, and the process of
innovation in developing aerospace tech.:::
? nology.
, :An attendance comparable- to last'?
? year's San Francisco meeting (about
,1 4,500) was expeeted. ',The 2,200, early )
1 arrivals were fairly. 'thinly ?. spread
. throughout the spacious Sheraton-Dos-
Ion/War Memorial Auditorium -corn-:
? plex here:
. .
For the Fourth, Annual Meeting,
? be held in the neW Anaheim COI1VC11-..
:. lion Center and Disneyland Hotel, Oct,
23-27, 1967, in southern California, a
i'ecord attendance of 7.000-8.006 is an-'
tieipated. by chairman Dr. 1 awrence I .,
. Kavanau. The facility will he completed
by March of next year, the Systems As-
?
?
ABOVE. / -/ 5 submersible being built b3
Grumman was 'part :of firm's exhibit. Ves:
set be. used ? in Gull Stream study
neLows ',A I:to corp.., displayed -miniature
tacticurs'inissile;-!leeoys weighing just .2.52
? lbs. Unit\hown is.11.2.in. long and 0.8 in.
'in.'illaineter, flint gives same :radar cross-
? section 'and flighisIdynamics. as a, missik,'
'and -cap?be' deployed in flights of five. '
?-? ? ? ? '
t? ?-.777771
' ' ??? ? ? ? ? ?'
? , ?
20 ?
.1
? . i.? t
?No . missile maneuvers- .are 1fe-
quired to eject them. . ??:.?.. ;!1?
? ?Separation velocities are" varied':
between decoys to achieve propercircu.....
lar pattern and distance between decoys.' l?
? ?The 'missile is allowed to 'occupy,-'
any position on the . circumference of ?
. the pattern, and therefore cannot bedis-
? ?
- eliminated by its pattern position..
?:
system does 'not effect Offense
targeting doctrine of degrade ? missile f
accuracy. r
Avco concludes that thc nct effect
?.1,?
t, ?one missile launch provides six credible-
threats to the defense.". ?
Apollo extrapolations?The Saturn ;1-?
,,--S-IVB stage is being groomed for:space ?? ?
;1 missions extending into the ?mid-1970's.'..,:.;
?-? One made! exhibited by General?Elec.....?:;-1,
?? .tric s Missile & Space. Div. showed a ?? '?
spent S-IVB outfitted, in orbit by aecom-'.-.% ?
.? panying? astronauts to, support them for
90-120 days. Design details for this con-
cept stemmed- from a study initiated by ??'.
Marshall Space Flight Center on S-IVB
spent-stage utilization, for which RFP's...15?1:
were to be answered this past Nov. 7. ?1..r1
Winning company will get a contract of
? about ?? $400,000 running for nearly a ;
???
year.
' This Marshall study will in effect
. 'extend the Apollo alternate "209" pro-
? A quick look through the displays ? gram. aimed at an April, 196S, . .
of the SS exhibitors at this year's meet- . date, in which Apollo astronauts in
ing provided a full range of -the aero-? Earth -orbit will descend from -Their
?.! .
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'.normally tends to scatter light, contrast ?
? ratios on the. surface between shadow ,
and light may ,well be 1 to 10,000 and
possibly largei:,:- ? I
The non-modeling nature ? of the...J'
lunar terrain also was demonstrated by -? ?
the EG&G photo scientist. By illuminat-
ing a lunar landscape model with a ,???
? spotlight, he demonstrated that when
the Sun is directly overhead,, in front..
of, or behind an astronaut standing on 2:
the surface, depressions, elevations or'.
other ground or surface features would
not be visible. Not only would the
astronaut be unable to take meaningful ,
'photographs at such times, but he
would be in danger of falling or
stumbling. Only when the Sun is to the
? side of the observer, Wyckoff stated,
can he see and photograph surface'.'
features.
Jct composites-More than 300
parts in one of General Electric's
newest jet engines are fabricated from
composite materials. The specific en- :
gine was not identified by GE propulsion ?
experts. ?
A test blade exhibited by the firm ?
contained 57% boron filament to- ??
gether with unidirectional glass filaments
and shell epoxy resin. The blade is ?'
part of an investigative program at GE
funded by the Air Force Materials
Laboratory. It is not part of the
composite engine.
The blade was processed from pre-
forms and subassemblies and then
press-molded into final shape. The blade -;
can operate continuously at 250?F, and '
GE spokesmen claini the unit, has ex-
ceeded design goals at less than 50%
the weight of titanium.
GE's contender in the SST engine,
race used the so-called wonder metal
fairly extensively. The GE 4 SST engine ?
used titanium in the front half of the ???
compressor?including the front shaft ?
and the front casing. .
A glass-fiber reinforced, ?plastic.
variable-vane shroud is being studied by
GE for potential use in the first four
stages of the .179 engine.
GE's advanced jet engines will use
the full annular combustor concept. The ? -
annular design has been flight-proven
for several years.
The design has a limber of liners ?
Which tend to .produce an uneven tem-? ;.
peraturc profile at the turbine inlet. In ?,
addition, the crossfire tubes between the
liners are subject to high thermal
gradients.
CF. engineers say the annular design
'eliminates operational and maintenance
problems associated with high-tempera- '.
titre gradients because the gas flow is
much smoother and the temperature, ?
??
? .4 4
,
; 1???";'.n11/2"...7?.411.1;11r:r ? i ? z? ? ?
t.l t?ti ? ? ???!.;
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or lunar orbit, a 2,000-watt power sy.siem using four SNAP-29's for main power. Drawing
shan's Apollo Command and Service Module separated from turned around and docked
ii' jilt it. Generators are mounted on Swam. Instrument Oat (IU), AnovE: Douglas G. Harvey,
;SNAP-29 program director at Martin-Bolas:J(4e, in.s.pcl)4s 'half-scale model of ?-th;, isotOpic
.lisystcnt 'displayed at AIAA Meeting In Boston. Marlin is. developing SNAP-29 for .c/ori-term
'(up.to .90-day) missions' under $10-million-plas contract front AEC.
?
' cussed at the EG&G, Inc., booth by' its
: inventor and first user, Charles W.
Wyckoff, manager of the firm's photo
sciences department. "..
Wyckoff, who gained wide reputa-2,
lion a few years ago for developing a, -
? black-and-white film with extended ?.
sensitivity range of 1 to 100 million,
emphasized that the new XR color film 4,
is . still in .the experimental stage but "
probably will he available in time for.'
use in the first U.S. lunar landing. The ?
color film has a sensitivity range from
; ASA I to ASA lt.000. It was originally
? developed for photographing nuclear
explosions but is ideally suited to lunar
surface photography. Wyckoff suited.
The first practical application of the
new color bIns occurre).1 earlier this
month in the jungles or Brazil during ?
the solar eclipse. Wyckoff was among
the' scientists who traveled to South .
' America to participate in observations. ?
I and experiments during the total eclipse.
The photographs taken on the XR
color film at totality showed the corona,.
technology week, December 5, 1966
solar. qares, and prominences with great ?
detail And clarity. Information recorded
on one' t single frame of the new color
material was: contained in bits and
pieces in three or four separate frames
of conventional color film, each of
which was :shot at different shutter; ?
;speeds and lens openings.
? 'The XR color film combines on one
base a number of different emulsions of
'varying sensitivities so it is virtnallY2?:
impossible to over- or underexpose it,
explained Wyckoff. Thus it is possible
to [bad a simple box' camera ttlith this
material, take a picture in bright sun-
light, and then, on the next frame, shoot
an indoor scene using only lightbulbs
for illumination. Both pictures would
come out perfectly, with true color
fidelity, Wyckoff asserted.
. Ile pointed out in his demonstration-
lecture that the extremely tt itle range of
lightlevels on the Moon %%ill require a
film of extreme sensitivity latitudes. He
explained that ?due to the Moon's lack
of. atmosphere or cloud cover, Nyhich
? ';
The materials in this part have high :?",
structural integrity while operating con-, ?
tinuously at 500?F, ?
profile is more uniform. .1.
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4; Command and ? Service Module into .* ??
w.to their spent S-1VB stage and attempt
to set up "housekeeping" there for 30 ,
? 'days.
In describing the Marshall study.
? Marvin F. Clarke, MSD manager of de-
sign engineering,- advanced manned sys-
tems engineering, said the program "is
?? going to give AIM' a real run for its
. money."
Looking at a concept using the.
? S-IVB in the early and mid-1970's, ,
Clarke showed Teo' WErit: the stage as..
? it would be outfitted on the ground prior ?
to its launch as the payload stage atop
the first two Saturn V stages. This
version in orbit would prepare man,
? ? Ciarke.'h would be able to support nine
.? men in a 260-n.mi. orbit "for a year
? ??:. without resupply," Clarke said. Payload
? ?? weight would be about 240,000 lbs., .
? included in the 13,000-cu.-ft, volume of
? the S-IV13 and in the 600-cu.-ft. volume'
of the Command and Service Module
? and adapter stage where Lunar Module
would ordinarily be housed. ?
Manned interplanetary vehicle?The '?
? manned Mars mission including landing
.".. can be . done by the early 1980's, if
backed as a national goal, according to ,
Gordon Coates, MSD program manager ?
, for studies of manned interplanetary
. vehicles. Pointing out several modeled
' versions of spacecraft that could per-
form the mission, Coates noted that ?
?:MSD studies show that "an optimum
combination of nuclear-electric, nuclear- ?
rocket and chemical-rocket propulsion
? offers a much greater performance
potential than does the optimized com; .?
bination of just nuclear-rocket ?and ?
chemical-rocket for .manned imerplan6:-
tary missions." ? ? -
The GE study centers on a manned ?
Mars mission and envisions carrying a
? ".! crew of eight, four of whom will lahd
? on the planet. Specifically, the space-
craft is assembled in orbit, requiring six
' Saturn V launches to carry up the ,
?? needed hardware. A NERVA II nuclear'
? rocket then launches the spacecraft out
, of Earth orbit toward Mars.. Then the ?
-? ,.nuclear electric propulsion system takes ?
. over, giving thrust to the spacecraft, '
?...then letting it coast, and giving it thrust ?
!
-
again as the vehicle nears Mars.. ? ?
;.
? A chemical rocket stage brakes the
',spacecraft into Mars orbit. The ?Mars
excursion module departs for the sur-
face,: subsequently .returns, and the
spacecraft departs far' Earth, powered ?
e. first by chemical propulsion and then
by electric. The crew...enters Earth orbit
in a special module, having discarded
?, the interplanetary spkecraft while still -
? ?: in solar orbit. ?
Advances in inierominiaturizatiun?:
In an. effective demonstration of past,
present, and future microminiaturiza-.?
tion techniques, Radio Corp. of America,
,????
r ?
?
? ,1.!
N's.s '? ?
it
?
? ti?
? .?
Alartin Co. artist's concept shoh?s possible placement of SNAP-29' nuclear generators, each;
supplyving.500 walls of electricity, on manned space station provided by spent S-II/13 stage 601
Saturm launch vehicle. Two of dour generators involved are shown flanked by their heat;
rejection radintors.? NASA is studying a post-Apollo mission for ? such a . vehicle, called thet
S-It'h workshop, which would last up to. 30 days and use fuel ,cells as the primary powell ;
souree!.Space agency has asked Martin to Study, for missions of longer than 30 days in Earth
;
compared 'a typical satellite clock sub-
system 'as' fabricated from discrete tran-
sistor cempodents, planar-integrated cir-
cuits, IC flexible-film techniques. and
metal-oxide-silicon field-effect-transistor
. (MOSFET) arrays.
Thus:, in showing the satellite-
tem for ESSA III, some .500 integrated
circuits are now used, RCA said.
Now in development by. the' firm is
an advanced version of these subsys-
tems using integrated-circuit flexible- -.???
film. The film, measuring two mils in :
thickness, is expected to offer a 20 to 1 ?
'attitude clock fabricated from discrete saving in size and weight over the
transistors And other. components used . -planar integrated-circuit structure. '
? in the early Tiros series in 1962, RCA . ? For .the future 'RCA is 'looking ,
...demonstrated a 7.to 1 reduction in size toward use of the MOSFET arrays,,.?
and weight with a similar unit falwicated which will offer up to a 400 to 1 im- ?
front bipolar planar-integrated provemcnt in size and weight over the
The later, which came into use in 1963, .? planar IC fabrication technique. Using
employed some 60 integrated circuits ?:complementary MOS packages, RCA
and easily passed all Tiros environmen-.,, predicts a power saving of up to 1,000
tal tests, the firm said. to I over a comparable integrated-circuit
This, said RCA. led to a more package. The firm predicts that subsys--
complex version used in ESSA II but (ems employing such advanced tech-?'
.employing 420 integrated circuits. The miques will appear in operational ?flight ?
latter device is still functioning perfectly ? hardware by the 1967-68 time period. ?
after nine months in orbit. Average XR color film report?The results
power requirement is 0.1 watt. ? -? of the first -practical application of an. '
? Expanding the technique into many ?extended-range (XR) positive ;color
? parts of the command and control sys- film material was demonstrated and dis- '
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