CIA AND PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP89G00720R000500080021-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 10, 2014
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: June 27, 1988
• Content Type: REPORT

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JOINT CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE
IN SENIOR PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
27 JUNE 1988
CIA AND PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION
BY ROBERT M. GATES
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO OPEN THIS JOINT
CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENCE IN SENIOR PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION. THIS EVENING I WOULD LIKE TO OFFER A FEW
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP -- OR, MORE APPROPRIATELY, THE
PARTNERSHIP -- BETWEEN CIA AND THE MILITARY SERVICES, AND TO
CONSIDER HOW THIS PARTNERSHIP IS REFLECTED IN THE AGENCY'S
SUPPORT FOR THE SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES. THE SPECIFIC QUESTION
I'VE BEEN ASKED TO ADDRESS, "WHY CIA SUPPORTS PROFESSIONAL
MILITARY EDUCATION," IS NOT DIFFICULT FOR ME TO ANSWER.
THE ANSWER DERIVES FROM A COMBINATION OF BOTH PERSONAL AND
INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES. DIRECTOR WEBSTER AND I, UNDER THE
NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 1947, EACH WEAR TWO HATS. AS DIRECTOR
AND DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, WE COORDINATE THE
ACTIVITIES AND MAKE BUDGETARY DECISIONS FOR ALL OF THE ELEMENTS
OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY INCLUDING THOSE THAT ARE IN THE
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, SUCH AS THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY,
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THE GENERAL DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM, AND THE NATIONAL
RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM. WE ALSO SERVE AS DIRECTOR AND DEPUTY
DIRECTOR OF CIA. EACH OF THESE ROLES HAS ITS OWN PERSPECTIVE
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIA AND THE MILITARY -- THE ONE
WITH MAXIMUM EMPHASIS ON COOPERATION, AND THE OTHER SOMETIMES
INVOLVING MORE PAROCHIAL CONCERNS. IN SOME AREAS, THESE TWO
ROLES CONFLICT AND AT VARIOUS POINTS OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS
EITHER CIA OR THE SERVICES HAVE FELT ABUSED BY THE DCI AND
DDCI. HAPPILY, WITH RESPECT TO THE QUESTION YOU HAVE ASKED ME
TO ADDRESS TONIGHT, THERE IS AN UNUSUAL COINCIDENCE OF
PERSPECTIVE AND VIEW. WE SUPPORT PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION BECAUSE THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY BENEFITS, AND CIA
SUPPORTS PME BECAUSE IT SIMPLY CAN'T AFFORD NOT TO.
THE DEFENSE?INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP
THE NEED FOR THE MILITARY SERVICES AND INTELLIGENCE
AGENCIES TO COOPERATE IN COLLECTING AND PRODUCING USEFUL
INTELLIGENCE HAS NEVER BEEN GREATER. THE FOCUS OF OUR
INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS HAS BROADENED FROM A
SINGULAR CONCENTRATION ON THE MILITARY PROWESS OF THE SOVIET
UNION TO INCLUDE SUCH CONCERNS AS TERRORISM, TECHNOLOGY
TRANSFER, AND WORLD ENERGY SUPPLIES AND MARKETS. INDEED, BOTH
CIA AND THE SERVICES ARE BEING DRAWN INTO NEW ARENAS, SUCH AS
THE COUNTER?NARCOTICS EFFORT, IN WAYS THAT SEEM FAR FROM OUR
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CHARTERS AND EXPERIENCE. IN THESE, WE ARE LEARNING TOGETHER.
IN THE AREA OF MILITARY REPORTING, WE CONFRONT SUCH NEW OR
NEWLY IMPORTANT ISSUES AS LOW?INTENSITY CONFLICT, SURROGATE
WARFARE, PROCLAMATIONS OF MOMENTOUS CHANGES IN SOVIET MILITARY
DOCTRINE, NEW APPLICATIONS FOR OLD WEAPONS, DEMANDS FROM
CONGRESS FOR MORE JOINT NET ASSESSMENTS, AND NEW APPROACHES AND
INITIATIVES IN ARMS CONTROL THAT CHALLENGE YOUR FORCE STRUCTURE
AND OUR CAPACITY TO MONITOR COMPLIANCE -- WITH OUR
UNCERTAINTIES TRANSLATING DIRECTLY INTO MEASURING MILITARY
RISK.
WE FACE THESE CHALLENGES IN ONE OF THOSE PERIODS OF OUR
NATIONAL HISTORY WHEN MANY BELIEVE THE THREAT TO US FROM
LONGSTANDING ADVERSARIES IS RECEDING. PERHAPS A NEW AGE IS
UPON US. BUT THE PROFESSIONAL MILITARY OFFICER AND THE
PROFESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICER MUST SEE REALITY CLEARLY. WE
KNOW, AS WILL DURANT ONCE POINTED OUT, THAT OF THE LAST 3400
YEARS, ONLY 268 HAVE SEEN NO WAR. OR AS AMBROSE BIERCE SAID,
"PEACE ISA PERIOD OF CHEATING BETWEEN TWO PERIODS OF
FIGHTING." THE LONG STRUGGLE WITH THE SOVIET UNION IS A BURDEN
TO OUR PEOPLE AND THEY ALTERNATE BETWEEN WEARYING OF IT AND THE
PRICE WE PAY FOR DEFENSE AND, FACING UP TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF
PUTTING ASIDE THAT BURDEN OR FACING A CRISIS AND THEN PROVIDING
NEW RESOURCES FOR BOTH INTELLIGENCE AND DEFENSE. THEY HAVE YET
TO BECOME RECONCILED TO THE REALITY DESCRIBED BY DEAN ACHESON
MORE THAN 40 YEARS AGO WHEN HE SAID, "WE HAVE GOT TO UNDERSTAND
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THAT ALL OUR LIVES THE DANGER, THE UNCERTAINTY, THE NEED FOR
ALERTNESS, FOR EFFORT, FOR DISCIPLINE WILL BE UPON US. THIS IS
NEW TO US. IT WILL BE HARD FOR US."
CONFRONTING THE REALITY OF BOTH AN ENDURING SOVIET
CHALLENGE AND THE EMERGENCE OF NEW TASKS, FROM CONFRONTING
TERRORISTS TO DRUG LORDS TO SURROGATE ARMIES, AND A HOST OF
OTHER CHALLENGES REQUIRES MORE AND BETTER INTERACTION BETWEEN
THE MILITARY SERVICES AND THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES. AMONG THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY'S MOST IMPORTANT TASKS ARE PROVISION OF
TIMELY AND COMPLETE INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO US MILITARY
OPERATIONS; ACQUIRING SOVIET WEAPONRY FOR TECHNICAL
EXPLOITATION AND TRAINING; BASIC DATA ON SITES THAT ARE
POTENTIAL DEPLOYMENT AREAS; INDICATIONS AND WARNING
INTELLIGENCE; ACQUIRING MANUALS AND RECRUITING AGENTS WHO CAN
DESCRIBE SOVIET PLANS AND TACTICS, AND SOVIET KNOWLEDGE OF US
WEAPONS AND TACTICS; SOVIET DOCTRINE AND ITS PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONS; AND THE LESSONS OF SOVIET EXERCISES. THE
MILITARY, A PRIMARY CONSUMER OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE, ALSO
PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION, PROCESSING AND
ANALYSIS, NOT TO MENTION COVER AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT FOR MANY
INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS.
ABOUT TWO?THIRDS OF THE BUDGET THAT THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE CONTROLS AS HEAD OF THE NATIONAL FOREIGN
INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM IS EXECUTED WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF
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DEFENSE. QUITE CLEARLY, THE BETTER WE IN THE INTELLIGENCE
AGENCIES UNDERSTAND THE MILITARY SERVICES AND THE BETTER THEY
UNDERSTAND OUR POINT OF VIEW, THE MORE PRODUCTIVE OUR
RELATIONSHIP CAN BE. TO THIS END, IN 1985 DIRECTOR CASEY
VISITED A NUMBER OF MAJOR COMMANDS TO SEE HOW SUPPORT TO
COMMANDERS COULD BE IMPROVED. AND JUDGE WEBSTER IS IN EUROPE
TODAY VISITING OUR MILITARY INSTALLATIONS IN GERMANY TO CARRY
THIS PROCESS A STEP FURTHER.
THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS ARE, IN OUR VIEW, A EFFECTIVE
WAY TO HELP IMPROVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE DEFENSE AND
INTELLIGENCE ESTABLISHMENTS AND INCREASE MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING.
THUS, CIA HAS ACTIVELY SUPPORTED SENIOR PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATION FOR SO MANY YEARS.
YOU WILL BE SPENDING THE NEXT FEW DAYS DISCUSSING THE ROLE
OF INTELLIGENCE AT THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING
INTELLIGENCE AS PART OF THE CORE CURRICULA, OFFERING
INTELLIGENCE?RELATED ELECTIVES, AND A NUMBER OF OTHER WAYS IN
WHICH INTELLIGENCE CAN BE A PART OF SENIOR PROFESSIONAL
MILITARY EDUCATION. YOU MAY BE SURPRISED AT THE EXTENT TO
WHICH CIA SUPPORTS THE SENIOR SCHOOLS. AND YOU MAY BE
INTERESTED TO LEARN HOW OUR PRESENCE ON THOSE CAMPUSES BENEFITS
THE CIA'S MISSION.
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CIA SUPPORT TO THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS
OUR SUPPORT TO THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS IS INTENDED TO
SERVE TWO ENDS: FIRST, TO HELP EDUCATE THE STUDENTS ABOUT THE
STRUCTURE OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY AND TO SHOW
HOW INTELLIGENCE CAN SUPPORT THEIR ACTIVITIES AND MISSION; AND,
SECOND, TO PROVIDE EXPERTISE IN A VARIETY OF ACADEMIC
DISCIPLINES AND REGIONAL SPECIALTIES. CIA SUPPORTS THE
MILITARY SCHOOLS BY CONTRIBUTING FACULTY REPRESENTATIVES AND
PROVIDING OTHER SUBSTANTIVE SUPPORT SUCH AS BRIEFINGS AND
PUBLICATIONS.
FOR MANY YEARS, WE HAVE HAD REPRESENTATIVES ON THE
FACULTIES AT THE AIR UNIVERSITY, THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE, THE
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, THE INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE OF THE ARMED FORCES,
AND THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE. OUR REPRESENTATIVES TEACH BOTH
CORE COURSES AND ELECTIVES AT THE SCHOOLS, THEY PARTICIPATE IN
SEMINARS, AND THEY SUPPORT RESEARCH. IN THESE ROLES, THEY
PROVIDE INFORMATION AND INSIGHT ON THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY TO STUDENTS WHO GENERALLY ARE UNFAMILIAR WITH THE
STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES OF THE CIA AND ITS ROLE IN NATIONAL
SECURITY POLICYMAKING AND IMPLEMENTATION. THE OFFICERS WE
PROVIDE TO THE SENIOR SCHOOLS ALSO HAVE CONSIDERABLE EXPERTISE
IN SUCH AREAS AS DEFENSE ECONOMICS, IMAGERY ANALYSIS, AND
SOVIET POLITICS.
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IN ADDITION TO TEACHING AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH, CIA
REPRESENTATIVES PARTICIPATE IN DECISIONS THAT AFFECT SCHOOL
CURRICULUM AND ADMINISTRATION. FOR EXAMPLE, OUR REPRESENTATIVE
AT THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE IN THE EARLY 1980S HELPED DEVISE
THE SCHOOL'S POLICY ON ADMITTING FOREIGN STUDENTS.
OUR REPRESENTATIVES ALSO PROVIDE INTELLIGENCE BRIEFINGS TO
THE STAFF AND STUDENTS AT THE SENIOR MILITARY COLLEGES, BOTH AT
THE SCHOOLS AND AT CIA FACILITIES IN WASHINGTON, D.C. OUR
REPRESENTATIVES BRIEF THE COMMANDING OFFICERS AT SOME OF THE
SCHOOLS. THEY LECTURE TO THE CLASSES OF OTHER FACULTY MEMBERS,
THEY BRIEF INSTITUTES AND MILITARY COMPONENTS COLOCATED WITH
THE SCHOOLS, AND THEY BRING IN FELLOW AGENCY OFFICERS TO BRIEF
ALL THESE AUDIENCES.
THOSE WHO BRIEF AT THE SENIOR SCHOOLS SPEAK ON A WIDE
VARIETY OF TOPICS. THE CIA IS OFTEN ASKED TO DISCUSS THE ROLE
OF INTELLIGENCE IN FOREIGN POLICY AND THE WORKINGS OF THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. LAST DECEMBER, JUDGE WEBSTER ADDRESSED
A GROUP AT THE NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY ON THE USE OF
INTELLIGENCE IN DEVELOPING AND CARRYING OUT US FOREIGN POLICY.
I SPOKE AT THE NAVAL WAR COLLEGE EARLIER THIS MONTH, AT THE
NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE LAST YEAR, AT THE AIR WAR COLLEGE SEVERAL
TIMES AND AT THE SENIOR NCO SCHOOL AT FORT BLISS IN YEARS PAST.
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THE CIA ALSO BRIEFS AT THE SENIOR SCHOOLS TO PROVIDE
INTELLIGENCE ON SIGNIFICANT WORLD EVENTS. FOLLOWING THE UNITED
STATES AIR ATTACK ON LIBYA, A MANAGER FROM CIA'S OFFICE OF
IMAGERY ANALYSIS PROVIDED A DAMAGE ASSESSMENT COMPLETE WITH
PHOTOGRAPHS TO THE COMMAND GROUP AT THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE, CIA
OFFICERS HAVE CONTRIBUTED SUBSTANTIVE AND REGIONAL EXPERTISE TO
SEMINARS, SPEAKER SERIES, AND WARGAMING. THE CIA
REPRESENTATIVES AT THE SENIOR SERVICE COLLEGES ALSO SERVE A
VALUABLE FUNCTION AS LIAISON -- PUTTING STUDENTS AND FACULTY
MEMBERS IN TOUCH WITH THE RIGHT PEOPLE, PROVIDING AGENCY
PUBLICATIONS TO INDIVIDUALS CONDUCTING CLASSIFIED RESEARCH, AND
ARRANGING PROGRAMS AT CIA HEADQUARTERS FOR STUDENT GROUPS AND
OTHER SCHOOL PERSONNEL.
BENEFITS GAINED BY CIA
THE CIA BENEFITS IN MANY WAYS FROM ITS PRESENCE AT THE
SENIOR MILITARY COLLEGES. FIRST AND MOST DIRECTLY, ABOUT A
DOZEN AGENCY OFFICERS ARE SENT TO STUDY AT THE VARIOUS SCHOOLS
EACH YEAR. BECAUSE WE SEND SOME OF OUR BEST AND MOST PROMISING
OFFICERS TO THESE SCHOOLS, THEY, LIKE THE CIA'S FACULTY
REPRESENTATIVES, PROMOTE AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT INTELLIGENCE
CAN CONTRIBUTE TO MILITARY OPERATIONS AND EDUCATION.
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IN TURN, OUR STUDENTS BENEFIT. AN ANALYST OF SOVIET
MISSILE FORCES LEARNS A LITTLE ABOUT LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT,
WHILE A CASE OFFICER IS INTRODUCED TO WARGAMING. ALL OUR
STUDENTS GAIN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNITED STATES
MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT -- THE LARGEST CONSUMER OF INTELLIGENCE,
BY FAR, HOW IT WORKS, AND WHAT ITS PERSPECTIVE IS ON MANY OF
THE ISSUES WE DEAL WITH. THIS KNOWLEDGE ALLOWS OUR OFFICERS TO
DEAL MORE EFFECTIVELY WITH MILITARY POLICYMAKERS AND STAFF.
THE PEOPLE WE SEND TO SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS, BOTH AS
STUDENTS AND AS FACULTY REPRESENTATIVES, PROBABLY BENEFIT AS
MUCH FROM THE PEOPLE THEY MEET AS FROM THE FACTS THEY LEARN.
THE BETTER WE KNOW EACH OTHER, THE MORE EFFECTIVELY WE CAN WORK
TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE OUR COMMON GOALS.
WE TRY TO ENSURE THAT THOSE WHO RETURN FROM A TOUR AT A
MILITARY COLLEGE ARE PLACED IN POSITIONS WHERE THEY CAN MAKE
THE MOST OF THEIR NEW KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE. FOR EXAMPLE:
A SENIOR ANALYST IN OUR OFFICE OF SOVIET ANALYSIS
RETURNED FROM A YEAR STUDYING AT THE NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
TO HEAD HIS OFFICE'S NAVAL BRANCH. HE CONTINUALLY
CALLS ON THE KNOWLEDGE AND CONTACTS HE MADE IN NEWPORT.
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INDIVIDUALS WHO SERVED AS INSTRUCTORS TO THE ARMY WAR
COLLEGE AND THE NAVAL WAR COLLEGE ARE NOW IN CIA'S
OFFICE OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION USING THEIR REFINED
SKILLS TO TRAIN OUR PERSONNEL IN MILITARY ANALYSIS AND
SOVIET STUDIES. CIA FREQUENTLY CALLS ON THE FACULTY
AND RESEARCHERS AT THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS TO HELP
US PREPARE BRIEFINGS, RESEARCH PAPERS, AND OTHER
PRODUCTS FOR MILITARY CONSUMERS.
THE HEAD OF THE MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE LOCATED AT
THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE IS ONE OF THE NATION'S TOP EXPERTS
ON PARAMILITARY OPERATIONS. HE NOW LECTURES TO CIA
PERSONNEL ATTENDING OUR IN?HOUSE COURSE ON MILITARY
ANALYSIS.
WE RECENTLY SENT TWO OF OUR ANALYSTS TO THE NAVAL WAR
COLLEGE TO SOUND OUT FACULTY MEMBERS ON A BRIEFING WE
WERE PREPARING FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF NAVAL
INTELLIGENCE CONCERNING SOVIET PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR
SSBN SURVIVABILITY. WE RECEIVED VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS,
NOT ONLY ON THE SUBSTANCE OF THE BRIEFING, BUT ON HOW
TO IMPROVE ITS PRESENTATION FOR THE INTENDED AUDIENCE.
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IMPROVING THE RELATIONSHIP
CLEARLY, THE CIA GAINS A GREAT DEAL FROM SENDING ITS
PERSONNEL TO TEACH, RESEARCH, AND STUDY AT THE SENIOR MILITARY
SCHOOLS. EACH CIA FACULTY REPRESENTATIVE COMES INTO CONTACT
WITH SEVERAL HUNDRED STUDENTS DURING HIS TOUR. AT THE END OF
THE ACADEMIC YEAR, EACH OF THESE STUDENTS HAS A BETTER
UNDERSTANDING OF THE CIA AND THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. THE
STUDENTS WE SEND TO THE MILITARY SCHOOLS GAIN KNOWLEDGE OF THE
WAYS IN WHICH THE MILITARY SCHOOLS CAN HELP US IN OUR MISSION,
AS WELL AS HOW WE CAN BETTER SATISFY THE INTELLIGENCE NEEDS OF
OUR MILITARY CONSUMERS.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CIA AND THE SENIOR MILITARY
SCHOOLS HAS BEEN MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL. BUT I WOULD LIKE TO
OFFER SEVERAL WAYS TO ENSURE THAT THE RELATIONSHIP CONTINUES TO
GROW AND BENEFIT BOTH PARTIES.
FIRST, CIA CAN PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION TO THE SENIOR
SCHOOLS BY INCREASING THE DISSEMINATION OF INTELLIGENCE
ASSESSMENTS AND OTHER PRODUCTS TO THE COMMANDING GROUP,
FACULTY, AND OTHER SCHOOL PERSONNEL. WE ARE NOT ALWAYS AWARE
OF THE SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES UNDERWAY AT EACH SCHOOL. OUR
FACULTY REPRESENTATIVES AND STUDENTS FREQUENTLY DISCOVER
RESEARCH EFFORTS, WARGAMING, AND OTHER PROGRAMS WHERE OUR
INTELLIGENCE COULD BE USEFUL,
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CHANGES IN WORLD EVENTS AS WELL AS CHANGES IN ACADEMIC
POLICY AT THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS MEAN THAT THERE ARE
ALWAYS WAYS IN WHICH THE CIA CAN EXPAND OR REVISE ITS BRIEFING
SUPPORT. I ALSO BELIEVE THE CIA COULD TAKE BETTER ADVANTAGE OF
THE EXPERTISE AVAILABLE AT THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS.
WHENEVER WE HAVE ASKED FACULTY AT THE SENIOR MILITARY SCHOOLS
TO REVIEW CIA PRODUCTS, WE HAVE RECEIVED ENTHUSIASTIC,
KNOWLEDGEABLE SUPPORT.
WE ALSO CAN BENEFIT MORE FULLY FROM THE RESEARCH BEING
CONDUCTED AT THE SENIOR SCHOOLS -- AREAS OF RESEARCH THAT WOULD
COMPLEMENT THE WORK OF OUR ANALYSTS AND EXPAND OUR COLLECTIVE
BASE OF KNOWLEDGE. THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE SOLICITS RESEARCH
TOPICS FROM THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, AND WE WELCOME THE
CHANCE TO PROVIDE SUGGESTIONS AND INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT.
AS YOU MEET OVER THE NEXT COUPLE OF DAYS, I HOPE YOU WILL
ADDRESS OTHER ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE:
-- HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE ROLE WE ARE PLAYING IN
PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION?
-- ARE WE USING THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SERVICES AND THE
PME SCHOOLS FULLY?
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-- ARE THERE OTHER AREAS OF MUTUAL BENEFIT TO BE EXAMINED?
-- HOW DOES THE CONCEPT OF JOINTNESS IMPACT ON OUR SUPPORT?
-- CAN WE DEVELOP A JOINT UNIFORM APPROACH AND AT THE SAME
TIME PRESERVE THE INTEGRITY OF OUR SERVICE'S SPECIFIC
SUPPORT?
YOU ARE HERE TO WRESTLE WITH THESE AND OTHER QUESTIONS, TO
EVALUATE WHAT WE ARE DOING NOW AND WHAT WE SHOULD BE DOING IN
THE FUTURE.
BEFORE I CLOSE, I WOULD LIKE TO JUST SAY A WORD ABOUT THE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIA AND THE SERVICES. FOR TWO CULTURES
AND PROFESSIONS THAT GENERALLY SHARE A DARKER, OR SHOULD I SAY
REALISTIC, VIEW OF THE WORLD AND A PRAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING OF
THE LIMITS OF POWER, ESPECIALLY WHEN CONSTRAINED BY POLITICAL
FORCES, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MILITARY AND CIA HAS BEEN
A BUMPY ONE, IRONICALLY, THE APPOINTMENT OF SENIOR MILITARY
OFFICERS AS DEPUTY DIRECTORS OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AND CIA
HAD LITTLE MITIGATING EFFECT AND INDEED IT MAY BE SAID THAT
SOME OF THE WORST MOMENTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP CAME DURING A
PERIOD WHEN A SENIOR MILITARY OFFICER WAS DCI.
AFTER 35 YEARS DOMINATED BY FRACTIOUSNESS AND RIVALRY, THE
ARRIVAL IN 1981 OF BILL CASEY AND BOB INMAN AS DCI AND DDCI LED
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TO A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIA AND THE
MILITARY. WITH INMAN'S ADVICE AND WELL-INFORMED ASSISTANCE,
CASEY PUT A PREMIUM ON HEARING OUT MILITARY VIEWS, RESPECTING
THOSE VIEWS, ENSURING THAT THEY WERE REFLECTED IN NATIONAL
ESTIMATES, IN MAKING DECISIONS THAT FACILITATED DAY TO DAY
SUPPORT FROM THE SERVICE INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATIONS TO THE
COMMANDS, AND IMPROVING CIA'S OWN SUPPORT TO THE MILITARY.
CASEY'S APPROACH IS SHARED ENTIRELY BY HIS SUCCESSOR BILL
WEBSTER -- WHO, AS I MENTIONED, IS EVEN NOW VISITING MILITARY
FACILITIES IN GERMANY TO SEE HOW WE CAN FURTHER IMPROVE OUR
SUPPORT.
MY VIEWS WERE VERY MUCH SHAPED BY MY EXPERIENCE IN THE AIR
FORCE AND SUBSEQUENTLY BY MY YEARS OF SERVICE ON THE NSC
STAFF. I LEARNED MANY THINGS AT THE NSC BUT THE MOST VALUABLE
LESSON I CARRIED AWAY WAS THE DEGREE TO WHICH TURF FIGHTS AND
PAROCHIALISM IN THE BUREAUCRACY DAMAGE THE ABILITY OF THE
UNITED STATES AND ITS PRESIDENT TO CARRY OUT POLICIES
EFFECTIVELY. THERE ARE TOO MANY INTERESTS THAT INTELLIGENCE
AND THE MILITARY HAVE IN COMMON FOR THEM TO QUARREL OVER
BUREAUCRATIC NONSENSE OR FAIL TO COOPERATE IN EVERY POSSIBLE
WAY. ONE THING WE HAVE IN COMMON IS MANY CRITICS. IT WAS OUR
TURN TO BE IN THE BARREL LAST YEAR; IT LOOKS LIKE YOUR TURN
THIS YEAR. (I ALWAYS LIKED BRENDAN BEHAN'S OBSERVATION THAT
CRITICS ARE LIKE EUNUCHS IN A HAREM; THEY KNOW HOW IT'S DONE,
THEY'VE SEEN IT DONE EVERY DAY, BUT THEY'RE UNABLE TO DO IT
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THEMSELVES. I CAN ASSURE YOU THAT THIS NEED FOR CLOSE
COOPERATION, EVEN SYNERGY, BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE AND THE
MILITARY DOMINATES BILL WEBSTER'S AND MY APPROACH TO
DECISIONMAKING IN THE NATIONAL FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM AND
IN OUR SUPPORT TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL.
IN SHORT, OVER THE PAST SIX OR SEVEN YEARS THERE HAS BEEN A
REMARKABLE CHANGE IN THE NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIA
AND THE MILITARY. WHILE CIA'S PARTICIPATION IN THE
PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION PROGRAM IS NOW 20 YEARS OLD,
AND HAS CONTRIBUTED TO SMOOTHING SOME OF THE ROUGH SPOTS AND
HELPING US TO UNDERSTAND ONE ANOTHER, WE ARE NOW IN A POSITION,
I THINK, TO MOVE AHEAD, CONSIDER MORE AMBITIOUS WAYS IN WHICH
WE CAN COOPERATE IN THE SERVICE SCHOOLS, IN EXERCISES AND IN
ONE ANOTHER'S EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. WE ARE GOING TO BE ASKED
TO DO A GREAT DEAL MORE IN THE COMING YEARS -- YOU AND WE --
WITH ESSENTIALLY THE SAME RESOURCES. BUT, ALSO AS WALTER
LIPPMAN SAID, "WE MUST PLANT TREES WE MAY NEVER GET TO SIT
UNDER" -- WE MUST PLAN FOR THE FUTURE, WE HAVE NO CHOICE BUT
TO COOPERATE, COLLABORATE AND FURTHER DEVELOP A SENSIBLE
DIVISION OF LABOR. THE PLACE TO START, BY EXAMINING FUTURE
POSSIBILITIES FROM A CONCEPTUAL STANDPOINT FLAVORED WITH
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE, IS IN THE PROFESSIONAL MILITARY
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM AND AN ACTIVE CIA ROLE IN IT.
I LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING THE RESULTS OF YOUR WORK, AND IN
PARTICULAR TO READING THE CONFERENCE REPORT.
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