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SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON TECHNICAL INFORMATION
of the
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD
THT SYMPOSIUM ON TRANSLATIONS
Thursday, 10 Feb. 1949
Room 3E 869, National Defense Building
9 March 1949
MINUTES
The meeting began with statements concerning the Russian translation
activities and needs of the agencies represented. The statements are
summarized below:
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Intelligence Division. GSUSA
Mr. Calvert: The Intelligence Division at the present time has a
translating unit composed of five translators. They prepare trans?
lations, some of which are technical, for various Army agencies.
We feel that a translating section is entirely necessary in the
Intelligence Division and would. not be in agreement with a centraliza?
tion of translation services.
Quartermaster Corps
Mr. Hodges: We do not have a translation unit. Such Russian trans?
lations as are required are prepared by an economist in our Foreign
Intelligence Unit. We have little demand at the present time for
Russian translations,
Surgeon General's Office: Medical Intelligence Branch
Dr. Gordon: We are not engaged in translation at all. I use original
material.
Army Medical Library
Mrs. Coffyn: We have five people on the staff who handle the indexing
of Russian material and who prepare translations and transliterations
of titles of Russian publications for inclusion in the Index Catalogue
of the Library of the Surgeon General's Office and also in the
Current List of Medical Literature. We are able to assist readers with bi
oral translations but we do not offer any extensive translation service.
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Chemical Corps
Major Spencer: Our translation work is handled through the
Intelligence Division. There is a backlog of 40-50 articlesawait-
ing translation.
Office of Chief Signal Officer
. ;
Major Roy: We urgently need to know the physical location of Russian
publications. The abstracts we are now receiving are of little value
to technical intelligence research. We feel that there is a definite
need for a centralized group to coordinate ahd disseminate transla-
tions of theoretical and basic scientific material, such as the
publications of the Academy of Science.
Corps of Engineers, Intelligence Division
Mr. Ryan: The Army Map Service of the Corns of Engineers has approxi-
mately 17 persons engaged in the preparation of extracts, rather than
translations, of Russian material which pertains to current studies.
IPre feel that there is a definite need for some central coordinated
effort -- perhaps a central agency where titles, brief abstracts, if
possible, and the locations of available ,translations could be found.
It should not be in any sense a directing agency. Our feeling that
there is a very definite and desperate need to know the source of
material coincides with that expressed by Major Roy. We would be
\ happy to support the establishment of a central agency by sending to
it a list of our available translations and by submitting additional
lists on a monthly or weekly basis.
Corns of Engineers. Army Mat Service,
Mr. Greenacre: We have 17 persons engaged in Slavic language work.
However, about 95% of that work is concerned with geographic nomen-
clature. The tXanslations that we do prepare are restricted to
publications on cartography, geography and certain phases of engineer-
ing. Some translations are prepared for us on a contract basis. The
regular Army Map Service publication which appears every two or three
months lists all translations that we have had prepared, and copies
of them are available in the Army Map,Service Library.
Army Library
Dr. Altmann: The Army TAbrary has a Bibliogranhical Services Unit
in which five subject specialists are engaged in selecting, abstract-
ing and indexing activities. These five persons are also competent
in different foreign languages and exchange their knowledge of
scientific specialties and languages.
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We feel that there is need for a clearing center in which will
be listed all the material that is available in the form of transla?
tions of complete articles, books or papers. Such a center could
maintain a catalog of translations (including those in ureparation)
by author, subject and title. A center of this type should be
effective in preventing duplication of translations. It should
have reproduction facilities _so that translations might be reproduced
upon request. Preferably, it should not handle classified material.
The question of partial translations (abstracts And digests) is
another problem which should be considered separately.
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
Office of Naval Intelligence
Comdr. Lawder: The Office of Naval Intelligence has a staff of six
translators at the present time, two of whom confine their work al?
most entirely to translating and abstracting Slavic material ? for
the most part classified technical documents of particular Naval
interest. The Office of Naval Intelligence is most heartily in
accord with any movement which will nut into effect a central bureau
to process Slavic language documents of general interest. We would
respectfully suggest that the work of such a bureau be coordinated
with that already undertaken by a Central Intelligence Agency group,
which prepares abstracts of scientific and technical Russian
periodical articles and which maintains records of the translations
prepared by the various intelligence agencies. The question of the
distinction between intelligence and information must be taken intn
consideration.
Office of Naval Research
Dr. Smith: There are two ways in which translations are prepared
for the Office of Naval Research: 1) by contract with outside
agencies, and 2) by the Naval Research Laboratory.
There are two problems which must be considered with the utmost
_care in setting up any kind of a centralized service. The first
is the method of screening material to decide whether or not a
translation, abstract or extract should be made; and the second is
the type of dissemination which would be most effective not only from
a mechanical standpoint but also from the standpoint of reaching the
people who can effectively use the information,
Office of Naval Research, M thematics Branch
Dr. Rees: The Mathematics Branch of ONR has a contract with the
American Mathematical Society for reviewing mathematical articles
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published in all languages and which publishes abstracts in
Mathematical Reviews. Under this contract we have quite adequate
coverage of Russiah publications in the field of mathematics. Our
procedure for selecting articles to be translated is based on these
abstracts. We receive requests from mathematicians for translations
of articles of particular interest. A committee of the American
Mathematical Society then decides which articles to translate and-
arranges for the translation. We are just initiating a dissemination
service as follows: copies of the translations will be sent to
depository libraries of the Library of Congress and also to agencies
in the Military Establishment which are known to have an interest
In them. Copies will also be available through the American Mathemat-
ical Society. We have also had prepared under contract translations
of a few current books which are of special interest in connection
with our research contracts.
Bureau of Ships Technical Military Information Branch
Comdr. Otteson: Up to the present time, we have had very little de-
mand for translations of Slavic documents. We would be more interest-
ed in a service that would assist in obtaining translations of German
documents. We have found it necessary to turn over to private con-
tractors the few documents which we have wished to have translated
because there is no translation service in the Military Establishment
which meets our requirements. We would, of course, be glad to use
any central service that may be established.
Naval Research Laboratory
Mrs. Hooker: The Naval Research Laboratory has one person to trans-
late German, French and Russian material, and perhaps a third of
her time is spent on Russian translations. We issue copies of the
translations in mimeographed form and distribute them on request.
We send copies of them automatically to ONI and to CIA- We are
very much interested in the possibility of a union list of transla-
tions such as was described by Dr. Altmann. We are also interested
in the problem mentioned by Major Roy of the Signal Corps. Those
two statements have expressed our views very clearly.
The Special Libraries Association has a translation pool which
is operated by a committee. They are attempting to obtain cards con-.
taming the essential information concerning translations in exist-
ence. Inquiries may be addressed to the chairman of that committee
asking if a particular translation has been made, Ild if that is the
case he will indicate where it may be found. This project has not
been in operation for very long, so their union list is far from
being complete.
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David W. Taylor Model Basin
Miss Dager: The David Taylor Model Basin has one part-time
translator of German and French material. We prepare no transla-
tions of Slavic material. Brown University translated 37 Russian
articles on plasticity for us on a contract basis. If we now have
need of translations that we cannot prepare, we request the Bureau
of Ships to have them done for us. However, we feel that it is
necessary to be able to prepare translations at the Model Basin be-
cause we cannot afford to wait four or six weeks for a translation.
We heartily favor a centralized service which could furnish informa-
tion concerning the existence of translations.
DEPARTMENT Op, THE AIR FORCE
Technical Intelligence Division
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Mr. Arcierz The Technical Intelligence Division of the Intelligence
Department of the Air Materiel'Command'has, at the present time,
one Russian and Polish translator. A merger is being effected be-
tween our translation activities and those of the Central Air Docu-
ments Office; there will eventimlly be a total of eight or ten
translators of the Slavic languages. We realize that the entire
translation problem is an enormous one and that no single organiza-
tion could assume the whole burden. Inasmuch as there are numerous
agencies engaged in translation work, the problem of coordination
is the principle one facing us at the present time.
Central Air Documents Office
Colt Arnhym: The Central Air Documents Office, previously the Air
Documents Division of the Intelligence Department, has had an exten-
sive translation program during the last three years, but until
recently it was concerned for the most part with captured German
and Japanese documents. Our Russian document translation work is
increasing however, during the past fiscal year about $65,000
was spent on contracts for Russian translations. We are also pre-
paring a dictionary of Russian air technical terms. Under the new
arrangement which Mr. Arcier'mentioned, the Technical Intelligence
Division will handle Russian translations. The Central Air Documents
Office will continue to abstract, catalogue and, whenever feasible,
print the'tramlations. All our translations are listed in our
Air Technical Index, and some of them are abstracted in our Technical
Data Digest. We maintain a sort of union catalogue of all air tech-
nical translations made from all languages. While we feel very
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Aeronautical Chart Service
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Mr. Coggin: The Aeronautical Chart Service has only two Russian
translators who are engaged primarily in translating the cartographic
data on Russian maps. We do some additional work under contract.
About a year ago the possibility of developing a master file
of translations within the Military Establishment, was discussed.
We had two or three meetings attended by representatives of NME
agencies And much interest was shown in the project, but no progress
was made beyond the Appointment of a subcommittee to assemble
information concerning the agencies' requirements and to develop a
card incorporating those requirements.
The Aeronautical Chart Service, in cooperation with the Corps of
Engineers and the Hydrographic Office, is preparing cards (15 copies
of each) containing bibliographic references and abstracts of
translations of geodetic end cartographic material. A few extra
sets of these cards-are available.
We feel that would be much more feasible to set up a
coordinating group than to establish a translating pool because
most agencies want to maintain their own translators.
Directorate of Intelligence
Col. Stark: The Air Force is now engnged in organizing an extract-
ing agency to go over the backlog of Russian non-technical material
at the Library of Congress. It is estimated that the number of
snecific items of such material runs into eight figures. This
operation is still in its formative stage. Copies of all extracts
made will be furnished automatically to CIA and will be made avail-
able to the reading Panels which summarize various intelligence
activities.
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Mr. Bagnall: We are very much interested in translation activities
outside of intelligence agencies. We are ?also interested in any
attempt to coordinate such activities, because we are well aware of
the extreme shortage of qualified linguists, especially in certain
languages. We are endeavoring to keep a record of the translations
that are undertaken by the intelligence agencies in order to avoid
duplication of effort.
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DEPARTMENT OF STATE
Intelligence Acouisition and Distribution Division
Mr. Yordbeck: The Department of State has a division of translating
services which has two or three people engaged in translating Slavic
languages, However, they are entirely occupied in translating
diplomatic notes and material connected with the Allied occupation.
The Department does have an interest in the program under discussion
which is different, perhaps, from the interest of other agencies
, represented here, Through the American Embassy in Moscow we are
in a position to obtain a considerable flow of Russian books,
periodicals and newspapers. We feel that the information contained
in this material should be made available to all U.S. Gowrnment
agencies which have a legitimate interest in it. The Department
would like to make sure that the material it is obtaining is utiliz-
ed throughout the Government wherever it is needed, I believe it is
impossible to separate the problems of collection, exploitation in
the form of translations, abstracts and bibliographies) and dissemina-
tion of material.
DEPARTMENT OF?TRE INTERIOR
U. S Geological Survey. Military Geology Branch
Mr. Dow: We have from six to ten geologists and technical experts
who understand Slavic languages, but we do not prepare many trans-
lations. We do a considerable amount of abstracting and quite a
bit of bibliographic work. We Prepare end issue regularly
Geophysical Abstracts which cover articles in all foreign languages,
including Russian. The Geological Society of America has a group
engaged in preparing a bibliography on geography in areas outside
the United States; their work involves merely the translation or
transliteration of titles and authors.
DEPARTMENT OP COMMERCE
Office of Technical Services
Mr. Holloway; In the past the Office of Technical Services pre-
pared some translations of German, Italian and French documents,
but that was discontinued last year, owever, I'd like to mention
a project that we have been carrying on successfully for two and
a half years. We discovered that private translation firms are
translating some of our reports. We have asked them to let us
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know Whenever they translate one of our documents and to check with
us before they prepare a translationtO see if someone else has
already prepared it. We publish notices of the existence and the
. location of the translations in our bibliogranhy. This "translation
clearing house" has a record of roughly 5,000 of our documents that
have been translated.
Office of International Trade, USSR Branch
Mr. Herman: Our staff has recently been reduced'from five analysts
to three. We do not maintain a translation service, but those three
persons work with Russian material. We survey and abstract about
twelve Russian periodicals in the industrial field and three news,
papers, I believe there is a need for a clearing house where all
activities in the field of tfanslation and abstracting could be
coordinated.
National Bureau of Standards
Miss Jones: The National Bureau of Standards has about four scientists
, whose native language is Russian, and they give assistance informally
to the other scientists. No translations are prepared. We are very
much interested in ways and means of learning of the availability and
the location of material of interest to us, We feel sure that more
material is reaching this country than we are able to learn about,
and we endorse what has been said here this morning about the desir-
ability of a union list of translations.
U. S. Weather Bureau
Mr. Aldredge: The Weather Bureau has a considerable amount of
Russian climatological and hydrological material, all of which is
screened by our translator who is also a specialist in our field.
No translattons are published by the Bureau. We should be glad to
furnish cards for a union list or to any other interested agency.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Mies Schindler: The Library of the Department of Agriculture acts
as a coordinating agency in securing the services of part-time
translators for the bureaus.,. The translations that are made are
limited by the availability of translators and also by the availability
of bureau funds. In our bibliography,we include the translated titles,
and sometimes a one.-sentence description-, of .Russian agricultural
publications which are received in our Library.
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NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
Mr. Miller: The NACA has one Russian Translator available, but
very few translations are prepared, We would favor the establish?
ment of any activity that would assist us in securing information
pertaining to aeronautical sciences,
U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
National Institute of Health
Mr. Hardy: The National Institute of Health has eight translators
engaged on translations of medical material for the various
divisions and bureaus of the Public. Health Service. We often .
prepare translations for the Surgeon General of the Army and other
service agencies. At the present time we have a backlog of several
thousand pages. We would be quite interested in any mechanism which
would make our several yearst accumulation of translations avail?
able to others and which would help us to determine what has already
been done.
ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Mr. Turkevicht The Brookhaven National Laboratory publishes month?
ly a Guide to Russian Scientific Periodical Literature which in? .
eludes translations of titles from current Russian periodicals. We
are concerned primarily with non?classified literature of general
scientific interest. We do not prepare abstracts, but we do trans?
late abstracts prepared by the Russians. We prepare complete trans?
lations of significant articles -- those on atomic energy, those
that have received a Stalin prize, and those that appear to be good
reviews of Russian work in particular fields. Arrangements have
been made for a number of large industrial organizations to send
copies of the translations they prepare to Brookhaven where photo?
static copies are available. The companies welcome a method of
making the translations available without divulging where they were
made. Some of the universities also deposit translations with us.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Dr. Clapp: The Library of Congress has no translating service, although
it produces perhaps a few hundred pages of Russian translations a year.
These are prepared in response to official requests and are not
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necessarily in a scientific field. We feel that the first step
to be taken, in order to arrive at the objective of making
Russian technical literature generally available, is the establish?
ment and maintenance of a central record of what is available, so
that we will know as nearly as possible what the Russians are publish?
ing. Since April 1948 the Library of Congress has been issuing
monthly accession lists covering all Russian material received by
the Library and, insofar as possible, material received by other
organizations (including those outside the Government). We do not
attempt to translate the titles. We shall be glad to make the
accession lists available to anyone who is interested.
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Office of Foreign Labor Conditions
Mr. Nash: We have only one professional worker who covers Slavic
publications on labor, manpower and living conditions. Articles
appearing in these publications are summarized, analyzed and
interpreted, and the resulting analytical material and statistical
data are published in our Notes on Labor Abroad. We have no trans?
lating service.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Division of Medical Sciences
Mr. Oatfield: The Division of Medical Sciences has one person on
the staff who prepares Russian translations when they are needed
but we are not now receiving much Russian material.
The Chemical?Biological Coordination Center at the Council iscod?
ing on punched cards available data on all chemical compounds.
They still have a backlog of U.S. material, but they plan to in?
clude Russian data if they can secure it. There are two men on-
their staff capable of handling Slavic data.
Within the past month, the Special Libraries Association
has asked me to serve as chairman of a committee to organize a
directory of translators for the country, beginning with the area
of science and technology and extending into other fields of know?
ledge, A notice concerning the project will soon appear in Science
and other publications, The directory is meant to be a service to
bring together client and translator. We hope to establish some
means of evaluating the translators who are registered.
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Division of Biology and Agriculture
Dr. Crookshank: We are interested in any means that would enable
us to obtain efficiently and accurately Russian material in the
fields of biology and agriculture. We prefer to receive scientific
articles in their entirety; abstracts are often not sufficient for
our purposes because we are interested in knowing the method
employed. A. complete list of available articles would be very use?
ful.
A general discussion followed the individual presentations. All
agreed that there is an urgent need for some central coordinating effort
with respect to translations of Russian technical material. There were
a number of suggestions regarding the scope of such an effort and the
possibility of establishing a central coordinating office.
It was suggested that this coordinating effort need not necessarily
be limited to translations of Russian or Slavic material. However, the
need for coordination Is particularly acute in that area because of the
scarcity of qualified translators and because few American scientists and
engineers are able to read the Slavic languages.
Agreement was not reached as to whether the proposed central office
should maintain records on both classified and unclassified translations.
The establishment of a center, however, could serve to make freely avail?
able some translations which are now held in a classified category be?
cause the agencies which prepared them are not free to divulge their
association with the material, They would be willing to make such trans?
lations available through an office which would not disclose the source of
the translations.
Some of those present felt that the Proposed central office should be
more than a repositgry of information concerning the existence and loca?
tion of translations. They suggested that it should perform one or more
of the following . additional functions:
Collect information concerning the existence and location
of all :available Russian documents and publications in this
country;
Issue accession lists regularly;
Index and classify its information by subject matter;
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Reproduce translations upon request;
Take steps to nut into usable form the large existing
collections in this country of uncatnlogued Russian
literature.
The majority of those present favored a modest beginning, such as
the establishment of a central card file containing such information as
the titles, authors, and location of translations, including those in
preparation. The existence of such a file and its use by translation
services should effectively prevent duplication of effort in the prepara-
tion of translations. The cataloguing and control of all Russian litera-
ture received in this country is tremendously imnortant but may be
treated as a separate problem. It would be extremely difficult, if not
impossible, to obtain the funds and manpower for a cataloguing and con-
trol operation and a concomitant reference service. Even the preparation
and dissemination of accession lists are costly operations. In the opinion
of many persons, there are already more lists distributed than the
recipients can effectively utilize. If the initial limited effort to
record the existence alui location of translations is .successful, an ex-
pansion of the centralized service may be considered.
It was suggested that it might be possible to solve the problem by
having each agency send information concerning tts Russian documents and
translations to the Library of Congress for inclusion in its catalogue
and monthly accession list. Mr, Clapp explained why this would not be
an adequate solution. The Library has some 75,000 uncatalogued, or in-
completely catalogued, Russian books. Its union catalogue lists nothing
but books and lists them only by author. Before the catalogue could
be genuinely useful it would have to be expanded to include periodicals
and to have all material arranged bv subject. The monthly accession
list of currently received Russian material is not cumulative and the
titles listed in it are not translated. The Library has neither the
personnel nor the funds to do the work which needs to be done to improve
the situation. The costs of the monthly accession list are being paid
by the American Council of Learned Societies and the Rockefeller Founda-
tion.
Mr. Clapp offered the part-time services of a member of his staff
for the purnose of setting up an experimental card file on available
translations and those in preparation. Three-by-five-inch cards could
be prepared by the particiPating agencies and sent to the Library where
they Would be filed by author. The experiment might determine whether
such a file would serve a useful purpose.
It was also suggested that investigation be made of the Possibility
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of contracting with an independent organization for the publication of
information concerning unclassified translations. Such a publication
might become self?sustaining.
The Chairman informed the group that the minutes of the discussion
would be transmitted to the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific
Research and Development for consideration and comment.
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