IMAGERY ANALYSIS OF SS-X-16/-20 ACTIVITY AT THREE DEPLOYED SSM COMPLEXES AND TWO SOVIET MISSILE TEST CENTERS, NOVEMBER 1974--OCTOBER 1976

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05162A000500010001-5
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• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 13, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: March 1, 1977
• Content Type: REPORT

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NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION CENTER
PHOTOGRAPHIC
I NTERPRETATION
REPORT
IMAGERY ANALYSIS OF SS-X-16/-20
ACTIVITY AT THREE DEPLOYED SSM
COMPLEXES AND TWO SOVIET MISSILE
TEST CENTERS, NOVEMBER 1974--
OCTOBER 1976
25X1
MARCH 197725X1
Copy 21
PIR-001/77
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Warning Notice
Sensitive Intelligence Sources and Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions
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ORCON- Dissemination and Extraction of Information
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REL. . .- This Information has been Authorized for
Release to. . .
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Top Secret CHESS RUFF 25X1
25X1
IMAGERY ANALYSIS OF SS-X-16/-20 ACTIVITY AT THREE DEPLOYED SSM
COMPLEXES AND TWO SOVIET MISSILE TEST CENTERS, NOVEMBER
1974-OCTOBER 1976
INTRODUCTION
1. Since November 1974, significant SS-X-16/-20-related activity has been seen at three
Soviet deployed SSM complexes and two offensive missile test centers. This activity included the
construction of three distinct types of drive-in garages, modifications to existing missile-related
buildings, modifications and new construction at the rail-to-road transfer points (RRTPs) serving
the deployed SSM sites, and the deployment of TWIN EAR troposcatter communications vehicles
in support of the two missile systems. This report, which is a photographic analysis of this activity,
was prepared to assist the intelligence community in the overall analysis of the development and
deployment of the SS-X-16 ICBM and SS-X-20 IRBM strategic missile systems. Since the con-
struction activity at these facilities is incomplete, this analysis represents preliminary views subject
to further interpretation as more information becomes available. The information in this report is
current through 25 October 1976.**
2. This report includes annotated photographs, three tables, and a perspective drawing. The
following table gives the full TDI name and BE number for the facilities discussed in this report.
Plesetsk Missile/Space Test Center SSM
Kapustin Yar Msl/Space Test Center SSM
Konkovichi SSM Complex
Kozhanovichi SSM Complex
Drovyanaya SSM Complex
Volgograd Steel A Mach P Krasnyy Barrikada 221
BACKGROUND
3. Testing of the SS-X-16 ICBM at the Plesetsk Missile/Space Test Center (PMSTC) and the
SS-X-20 IRBM at the Kapustin Yar Missile/Space Test Center (KYMSTC) has been underway
since March 1972 and September 1974, respectively. It is believed that these two missile systems are
being developed for a mobile function. Photography of the two test centers and of production
facilities associated with the SS-X-16/-20 systems indicates that the ground support equipment
(GSE) for these two systems with the exception of the missile canister is the same.' The equipment
includes a probable transporter-erector-launcher (TEL), a probable resupply vehicle, a MAZ-543
missile support van (MSV) that has been identified in several configurations, and a
van truck. The TEL, the resupply vehicle, and the van truck are unique to the SS-X-16/-20 systems.
The MAZ-543 MSV has been seen in a support function for the SS-14 MRBM and the currently
deployed SS-18 ICBM. A shorter version of the van truck has been seen at
Kapustin Yar and at a major SS-X-16/-20 GSE production facility, Volgograd Plant 221. In addi-
tion, TWIN EAR troposcatter communications antennas have been seen in a mobile configuration
mounted atop trailers and van trucks in SS-X-16/-20-related areas at Plesetsk and Kapustin Yar.
IMAGERY ANALYSIS
New Building Construction and Modifications at Three Deployed SSM Complexes
4. Since late 1975, extensive new building construction and modification activity probably
related to the deployment of a mobile missile system has been underway at three Strategic Rocket
Forces (SRF) launch complexes. This activity included construction of 68 buildings, which are still
in various stages of construction, and modifications of existing missile-ready buildings/bunkers.
Two of the installations where this activity is taking place, Konkovichi MRBM Launch Site 1
(Figure 1) and Kozhanovichi MRBM Launch Site 2 (Figure 2), are deactivated SS-4 soft sites in the
Konkovichi and Kozhanovichi SSM Complexes in the western section of the Soviet Union. The
other installation, Drovyanaya ICBM Launch Site 4 (Figure 3), is a deactivated SS-7 soft site in the
Drovyanaya ICBM Complex in the far eastern section of the Soviet Union. Construction activity
was first observed in November 1975 at Konkovichi and in July 1976 at Kozhanovichi and
Drovyanaya.
5. Of the 68 buildings being constructed at the SRF sites, the most significant are divided into
three distinct types of drive-in garages-11-bay (Figure 4, A and B), three-bay (Figure 5, A and B),
and single-bay (Figure 6, A, B, and C).
**Since October 1976, new SS-X-20 IRBM-related activity has been observed at Drovyanaya ICBM Complex Launch Site
3 and Novosibirsk ICBM Complex Launch Site 2, indicating that two additional SS-X-20 support bases are probably un-
der construction.
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Top Secret C HESS R U F 25X1
6. Analysis of the placement of these three garage types and the additional support buildings
(Figures 1, 2, and 3) at Konkovichi, Kozhanovichi, and Drovyanaya shows that these buildings are
constructed in no apparent pattern or orientation. The only consistency in construction observed is
that the three-bay and single-bay garages are within the launch site security fences near the old
launch pads. The 11-bay garage is being constructed at the launch sites and in nearby site support
facilities. Table 1 presents a summary of construction activity concerning these three garage types.
Function of Drive-in Garages
7. On the basis of the number of 11-bay buildings under construction (Table 1 and Figure 4B)
and the usable depth of the bay, these buildings will probably house th van 25X1
truck. More of these van trucks have been seen at KYMSTC than any other SS-X-20/46 support
vehicle. Also, one of the early sightings in June 1975 of ground support vehicles at the General Sup-
port Facility at Kapustin Yar showed that eleven van trucks were probably part of the 25X1
initial shipment of GSE for the SS-X-20 test/training program. This evidence suggests that the SS-
X-20 and possibly the SS-X-16 systems require the support of a considerable number o 25X1
van trucks; therefore, more garages would be required. This evidence is supported by the number of
11-bay garages seen at Konkovichi, Kozhanovichi, and Drovyanaya.
8. Photography at the KYMSTC Launch Complex C Site 2C2 (Figure 25X1
7) showed that the three-bay garage will probably house three MAZ-543 MSVs. On that date, three
MAZ-543 MSVs were seen inside a wood-frame, three-bay shelter probably built to support an SS-
X-20 crew training exercise at the site. Also, it is possible that one MAZ-543 MSV may support a
single SS-X-20/-16 TEL since cable trenching has been seen interconnecting a three-bay garage
with three single-bay garages at Kozhanovichi Launch Site 2. At Drovyanaya Launch Site 4
trenching has been seen extending from a three-bay garage to at least two single-bay garages
(Figure 3).
9. Single-bay garages under construction at the three deployed SSM complexes are of a com-
pletely unique design (Figure 6, A, B, and C). The uniqueness is due partially to the sliding-roof
capability. Three single-bay garages at Drovyanaya and two at Kozhanovichi have sliding-roof sec-
tions. It is believed that some, and perhaps all, of the other single-bay garages at the three SSM
complexes may have this capability. On the basis of the sliding-roof capability and the dimensions
of the single-bay garages , this type of garage may be used to house a 25X1
TEL with canister. These garages may function as missile-ready buildings while the TELs are in
garrison and could serve as emergency launch points. These single-bay garages are large enough to
house either the SS-X-16 or the SS-X-20 TEL with missile canister.
10. In the future, construction of these three types of garages will be an early indication of
possible deployment of a mobile missile system. More importantly, as these buildings are com-
pleted and their function is known, they should help in determining the number of missiles and
GSE required to support a mobile missile system.
11. In addition to the construction of new buildings, modifications to existing missile-ready
buildings/bunkers have also taken place at the three deployed SSM sites since November 1975.
Although the purpose is not known, the timeframe in which these modifications occurred suggests
that this activity is related to the other construction activity seen at the deployed sites. A summary
of these modifications is presented in Table 2.
Construction Activity at the Rail-to-Road Transfer Points
12. Construction and upgrading activity at the RRTPs serving the Konkovichi,
Kozhanovichi, and the Drovyanaya sites is underway. Upgrading was first observed at the
Konkovichi RRTP in November 1975. Since that time, the existing loop-road network at the RRTP
and the road interconnecting this area to Konkovichi MRBM Launch Site 1 have been widened and
improved with concrete paving blocks. Also, seven new buildings and miscellaneous sheds have
been constructed at or near the RRTP (Figure 8). How these support-type buildings are related to
the SS-X-20 construction program and what function the serve are unknown. The rail spur serving
this RRTP has not been altered. However a framework with a canvas cover- 25X1
ing was erected over a 22-meter section oft the rail spur and by the canvas had been 25X1
removed (Figure 8).
13. At Kozhanovichi RRTP, initial modifications were seen on photography 25X1
A probable new rail siding and paving of the existing road network interconnecting the RRTP 25X1
to Kozhanovichi MRBM Launch Site 2 were underway.
14. Similar modifications and construction are also in progress at Drovyanaya RRTP. Initial
grading was discernible at the RRTP as early :::]however, little change was observed 2.5X1
through preparations for a new offloading facility were underway. 25X1
(Continued p. 8)
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Top Secret CHESS RUFF
Table 1. Summary of Data on SS-X- 16/-20-Rela ted Buildings
Building Type Location Number of Construction
Buildings Status
Konkovichi Launch Site 1 3 2 complete
1 ucon
Kozhanovichi Launch Site 2 2 1 complete
1 ucon
11-bay Drovyanaya Launch Site 4 2 1 complete
garage
Kapustin Yar Msl/Rec/Insp/Stor 1 Ucon
Area
Plesetsk ICBM Launch Test Site 7 2 All 3 ucon
1 p055
3-bay Drovyanaya Launch Site 4 3 All 3 almost
garage
complete
Roof Vents
2 yes
1 undet
Yes
Yes
Undet due to
construction status
Undet due to
construction status
Undet due to
construction status
Yes
Yes
Yes
Remarks
Foundations only observed for the garage
uco
Fougdations only observed for the garage
ucon
Garage ucon; in mid-to-late stage of construc-
tior>
Mid-stage of construction
Foundations only as o measure-
ment of foundations indicates that, when
complete, these garages may be approx 6
meters deeper than the 11-bay garages at
the three deployed SSM sites
Trenches extend from the 3-bay garages but
a connection with the single-bay garages has
not been established
Cable trench interconnects regimental HF
bunker with the 3-bay garages; cable trenches
interconnect a 3-bay garage with 3 single-bay
garages
Cable trenches extend from each 3-bay bldg
to at least 2 single-bay garages
Plesetsk ICBM Launch Test Site 5 1 Complete
Kozhanovichi Launch Site 2 10 4 complete
6 ucon
Drovyanaya Launch Site 4 6 Complete
3 poss Ucon
Single-bay Plesetsk ICBM Launch Test Site 4 6 Complete
garage
Plesetsk ICBM Launch Test Site 7 6 Complete
Plesetsk ICBM Launch Test Site 5 1 Complete
Yes
extension added to the front of
this partially bunkered garage that once
housed SS-7 support vehicles; this is the only
3-bay garage-type building at a launch site
undergoing modification at Plesetsk MSTC
Unable to determine how these 7 garages inter
connect by cable trenching to other garages at
the launch site; none of the single-bay garages
has a confirmed sliding-roof capability
Only 2 have confirmed sliding roofs
3 of the 6 completed single-bay garages
have confirmed sliding roofs; shed-
type structures have been constructed
along the sides of at least 4 of the
single-bay garages
No sliding-roof capability on any of
the 6 garages
No sliding-roof capability on any of
the 6 garages
This single-bay garage is a flat-roofed
structure with no walls but is of suf-
ficient dimensions to house a
TEL/resupply vehicle
Dimensions derived from the best______ photography available,
**Because of the time frameof initial construction,early 1972, it is believed that these footings were orginally designed for a different building and were later used for the 11-bay garages.
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Top Secret CHESS RUF'
flu
This included construction of a large T-shaped vehicle turnaround, a realigned rail spur parallel to
the turnaround, and a widening of the RRTP access road. Also, footings were in place for construc-
tion of a shelter over the transfer point (Figure 9).Orealignment of the rail spur and
modification to the access road were complete. Wall panels had been erected and roofing of the
shelter had begun. The upgrading of RRTPs, which for years have been used in the transloading of
lighter liquid propellant missile systems, will provide additional photographic recognition
signatures for future SS-X-20/-16 mobile missile deployment.
New Building Construction and Modifications at Plesetsk Missile Test Center
15. Since early 1974, construction of new buildings and modifications to existing
buildings/bunkers have been seen at three SS-7 launch sites and one SS-8 launch site at the test
center. This activity is similar to some of the new construction/modifications underway at the
deployed SSM sites at Konkovichi, Kozhanovichi, and Drovyanaya (Tables 1 and 2). Although
similarities exist at the four launch sites at Plesetsk, only sites 4 and 7 have both single-bay and 11-
bay garages resembling those at the deployed complexes (Figures 10 and 11). Modifications and
building construction at Plesetsk launch sites 5 and 6 are discussed in more detail in a previous
NPIC report.2
16. footings for a garage with 11 bays were observed at
Plesetsk Launch Test Site 7, an SS-8 soft site. Subsequently, construction began on footings for one
11-bay and one possible 11-bay garage at this site and for one at Plesetsk Launch Test Site 4, an SS-
7 soft site. Although the buildings at Plesetsk are in an early stage of construction, the construction
techniques used are similar to those of the 11-bay garages at the three deployed SSM complexes.
However, one of the I1-bay foundations at launch site 7 and the one at launch site 4 appear to be 6
meters deeper. Based on the number of footings, the other confirmed 11-bay garage at site 7 appears
to be the same as the 11-bay garage at the deployed complexes. The 6-meter difference in depth is
the result of an additional footing being added to the foundation. The 11-bay building foundations
at the three deployed SSM complexes consist of 12 rows of three stanchion footings and a front
pilaster block (Figure 4B). At Plesetsk, this foundation consists of 12 rows of four stanchion footings
and a front pilaster block (inset, Figure 10). The reasons for this increase in depth of the bays are
not known. However, if the two Plesetsk Launch sites are to be used in testing/training for the
mobile SS-X-16 missile system, this difference in the size of the 11-bay garage would be a signifi-
cant photographic signature, permitting the identification of a support base as being constructed
for either a mobile IRBM or ICBM.
17. Between January and April 1975, six single-bay garages were constructed at both launch
sites 4 and 7.3 These 12 garages are similar to the single-bay garages at the three deployed SSM
complexes only in that they are single bay and drive in (Figure 12). The dissimilarities, however, are
more numerous. The single-bay garages at Plesetsk are different from the other single-bay garages
at the deployed complexes in the following ways: they are longer; they do
not have sliding-roof sections; they are probably constructed of sheet metal; the garages have two
vestibules for personnel access on one side; each garage has a walk-in-type door with two windows
on either side at the rear; and each garage is served by an aboveground steamline. Although these
buildings appear to be launch-support related, buildings of similar design have been seen
throughout the Soviet Union being used for bulk storage and for general support.
18. Since the TEL, the resupply vehicle, and the associated GSE for the SS-X-16 and -20 are
apparently the same, the structures built to house the vehicles for these two systems probably will
be similar. This is suggested by the similarity of some of the construction at the three deployed
SSM complexes and at the two test centers.
19. To date, there is no photographic evidence, however, to suggest that the buildings at
launch sites 4, 5, 6, and 7 at Plesetsk will be used to support any system other than the SS-X-16.
Mobile Troposcatter Communications
20. The TWIN EAR mobile communications system is apparently an integral part of the SS-
X-16 and SS-X-20 mobile missile systems. This belief is based on the continued observation of
TWIN EAR at facilities which are associated with the research and development of these mobile
missile systems. Furthermore, the trailer-mounted TWIN EAR (inset A, Figure 13) probably will be
the stationary unit collocated and operated in conjunction with the existing SRF communications
network. the truck-mounted TWIN EAR (inset B) will probably be deployed with the missile unit
in the field.
21. At KYMSTC, a concrete apron was constructed on the south side of the Kapustin Yar
Medium Range/IRBM Bivouac/Troop Training Area. Since the completion of the apron in late
1975, two trailer-mounted TWIN EAR have been parked on the apron on all subsequent
photographic coverages. a probable correspondent to the trailer-mounted TWIN
(Continued p. 17)
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Table 2. Summary of Modifications of Existing Major Launch Site Support Buildings/Bunkers
Type Building/Bunker Location
Number of
Buildings/Bunkers
Being Modified
Missile-ready bldg
Konkovichi Launch Site 1
(nuclear storage facility)
2
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0
Missile-ready bldg
Kozhanovichi Launch Site 2
(launch area)
2
Missile-ready bunker
(4 bay)
Drovyanaya Launch Site 4
1
U9
W
Mi
il
ss
e-ready bunker
(2 bay)
Drovyanaya Launch Site 4
Missile-ready bldg
Plesetsk Launch Test Site 4
2
Missile-ready bunker
Plesetsk Launch Test Site 5
2
Missile-ready bunker
Plesetsk Launch Test Site 7
2
Missile-ready bunker
Plesetsk Launch Test Site 6
3
Type of Building/Bunker Modification
Channarl f,
External re-roofing ofF__Iat each end
of the building.
4-bay bunker changed from drive in to drive
through; roof vents added
Extension added to rear of 2-bay bunker; also,
changed from drive in to drive through
Roof vents added to each of the 4-bay
drive-through buildings
Both 4-bay bunkers changed from drive in to drive
through; roof vents added
4-bay; converted from rail-in to drive-through bunker;
roof vents added
Converted from drive-in to drive-through, two-bay
bunker; stanchions added to end of each of these
bunkers; however, construction has not been completed
Modification to north entrance of
building: overall length
Although visible change is not dis-
cernible at these two buildings, it is
possible that some type of internal
modification did occur.
-a 25X1
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Top Secret CHESS RUFF 25X1
EAR was identified in a possible communications exercise approximate) 43 nm northwest of the
troop training area at the Kapustin Yar/Lake Elton Tracking Facilit A truck- 25X1
mounted TWIN EAR was seen at the tracking facility in an operational mode with the antennas
oriented on an azimuth of 210 degrees. a trailer-mounted TWIN EAR on the paved 25X1
apron at the troop training area was seen in an operational mode with antennas oriented on an
22. Based on the identification of both types of TWIN EAR vehicles at KYMSTC as probable
correspondents, it seems that the trailer-mounted TWIN EAR seen at Konkovichi MRBM Regi-
ment Headquarters Receiver/Bunker/Hard (Figure 13) and at Drovyanaya ICBM Complex Com-
mand Post/Bunker will be the stationary units operating in conjunction with the SRF com-
munications network. It is expected that the truck-mounted TWIN EAR will arrive along with the
initial shipment of SS-X-20 GSE at these two SSM complexes.
DOCUMENTS
1. NPI PIR-019/76, Dimensional Comparison of Soviet SS-X-16 and SS-X-20 Missile Canisters, Dec 25X1
76 (TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF 7FX1
2. NPIC. RCA-15/0002/77, Activity and Developments at Plesetsk Missile/Space Test Center SSM, 25X1
November 1974- May 1976, Nov 76 (TOP SECRET CHESS RUF 25X1
3. NPIC IR-025/75, New Construction Activity at Plesets 25X1
ce es enter SSM, USSR, Jul 75 (TOP SECRET RUFF 25X1
21~,X .
REQUIREMENT
Project 143470NC
*Azimuth measurement is accurate to within ?(10 degrees) at a 95% confidence level.
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List of Conversion Factors by Classification
MILLIMETERS
0.0394
INCHES
KILOGRAMS
2.2046
POUNDS(AVOIR.)
CENTIMETERS
0.3937
INCHES
POUNDS(AVOIR.)
0.4536
KILOGRAMS
INCHES
25.4000
MILLIMETERS
SHORT TONS
0.9072
METRIC TONS
INCHES
2.5400
CENTIMETERS
METRIC TONS
1.1023
SHORT TONS
FEET
0.3048
METERS
METRIC TONS
0.9842
LONG TONS
FEET
0.0003
KILOMETERS
LONG TONS
1.0160
METRIC TONS
YARDS
0.9144
METERS
METERS
3.2808
FEET
METERS
0.0005
MILES(NAUTICAL)
METERS
1.0936
YARDS
KILOMETERS
3280.8400
FEET
KILOMETERS
0.6214
MILES(STATUTE)
KILOMETERS
0.5400
MILES(NAUTICAL)
LITERS
0.2642
GALLONS
MILES(STATUTE)
1.6093
KILOMETERS
LITERS
0.0063
BARRELS(POL)
MILES(NAUTICAL)
6076.1154
FEET
LITERS
0.0010
CUBIC METERS
MILES(NAUTICAL)
1.8520
KILOMETERS
GALLONS
3.7854
LITERS
MILES(NAUTICAL)
1852.0000
METERS
GALLONS
0.1337
CUBIC FEET
GALLONS
0.0238
BARRELS(POL)
GALLONS
0.0038
CUBIC METERS
BUSHELS
0.0352
CUBIC METERS
CUBIC FEET
7.4805
GALLONS
CUBIC FEET
0.1781
BARRELS(POL)
SQUARE CENTIMETERS
0.1550
SQUARE INCHES
CUBIC FEET
0.0283
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE INCHES
6.4516
SQUARE CENTIMETERS
CUBIC YARDS
0.7646
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE FEET
0.0929
SQUARE METERS
BARRELS(POL)
158.9873
LITERS
SQUARE YARDS
0.8361
SQUARE METERS
BARRELS(POL)
42.0000
GALLONS
SQUARE METERS
10.7639
SQUARE FEET
BARRELS(POL)
5.6146
CUBIC FEET
SQUARE METERS
1.1960
SQUARE YARDS
BARRELS)POL)
0.1590
CUBIC METERS
SQUARE METERS
1.0000
CENTARES
CUBIC METERS
1000.0000
LITERS
SQUARE METERS
0.0002
ACRES
CUBIC METERS
264.1721
GALLONS
SQUARE METERS
0.0001
HECTARES
CUBIC METERS
35.3147
CUBIC FEET
ACRES
4046.8564
SQUARE METERS
CUBIC METERS
28.3776
BUSHELS
ACRES
0.4047
HECTARES
CUBIC METERS
6.2898
BARRELS(POL)
HECTARES
10000.0000
SQUARE METERS
CUBIC METERS
1.3080
CUBIC YARDS
HECTARES
2.4711
ACRES
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/13: CIA-RDP78TO5162A000500010001-5
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/13: CIA-RDP78TO5162A000500010001-5
Top Secret
Top Secret
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/13: CIA-RDP78TO5162A000500010001-5