MOSCOW ABM SYSTEM AND RELATED RDT&E AND MISSILE EARLY WARNING FACILITIES DEPLOYED ABM FACILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP84T00171R000300960001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 10, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 1, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/01/10: CIA-RDP84T00171 R00030096'0001- 4
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SECRET
NOFORN
Moscow ABM System and Related RDT&E and Missile Early Warning Facilities
SAC. USATC, Series 200, Various Sheets, scale 1:200,000
Installation Name
Moskva ABM Site B06
Moskva SAM Site B16-2
Moskva ABM Site B22
Geographic
Coordinates
55-52-28N
037-53-34E
55-34-40N
037-46-21 E
55-37-34N
037-23-25E
Moskva ABM Launch 55-54-06N
Site B31 037-18-30E
Moskva ABM Site C02 56-10-52N
037-47-16E
Moskva ABM Launch 56-14-41N
Complex E05 038-34-23E
Moskva ABM Launch 55-21-10N
Complex E24 036-29-24E
Moskva ABM Launch 56-08-05N
Complex E31 036-29-37E
Moskva ABM Launch 56-20-01N
Complex E33 036-48-07E
Moskva SAM and ABM 55-33-20N
Training Facility 036-41-12E
Moskva ABM Support 55-17-57N
Facility Borovsk 036-32-58E
Chekhov ABM/Space Tracking 55-13-52N
Radar Site A 037-17-48E
Chekhov ABM/Space Tracking 55-12-22N
Radar Site B 037-17-40E
Naro-Fominsk ABM/Space 55-29-36N
Tracking Radar Facility A 036-41-OOE
Naro-Fominsk ABM/Space 55-28-50N
Tracking Radar Facility B 036-38-55E
Pushkino Phased-Array Radar 56-10-OON
037-46-OOE
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 46-01-47N
Center 072-40-09E
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 46-01-01N
Center Launch Complex B 072-28-09E
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 46-26-34N
Center,Launch Complex F 072-51-07E
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 45-59-46N
Center Range Related 072-26-42E
Facility 1 (Pons SPT Fac)
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 46-24-54N
Center Range Related 072-33-01E
Facility 2
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 46-00-30N
Center Bent Log Periodic 073-40-45E
Zigzag Antenna North
COMIREX NIETB
No (MRN) No
WNINTEL
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Installation Name Geographic
Coordinates
COMIREX NIETB
No (MRN) No
Sary-Shagan Missile Test 45-47-39N
Center Bent Log Periodic 073-33-21E
Zigzag Antenna South
Sary-Shagan Operations 46-02-OON
Support Base 073-30-OOE
Abalakovo Phased-Array 57-52-04N
Radar Facility 093-06-57E
Lyaki Phased-Array Radar 40-52-13N
Facility 047-48-03E
Mishelevka Phased-Array 52-52-53N
Radar 103-13-55E
Olenegorsk HEN HOUSE 68-06-49N
Radar Facility 033-54-41E
Pechora Phased-Array Radar 65-12-38N
Facility Site A 057-16-36E
Sary-Shagan Phased-Array 46-35-15N
Radar Transmitter North 074-27-35E
Sary-Shagan Phased-Array 46-36-04N
Radar North 074-29-51E
Mishelevka HEN HOUSE D 52-52-30N
103-15-39E
Mukachevo HEN HOUSE 48-22-45N
Radar Facility 022-42-32E
Sary-Shagan HEN HOUSE A 46-36-52N
074-31-23E
Sevastopol HEN HOUSE 44-34-47N
Radar Facility 033-23-14E
Skrunda HEN HOUSE Radar B 56-42-31N
021-56-33E
Kiyev OHD Receiver 51-18-04N
030-03-29E
Kiyev OHD Transmitter 51-38-21N
030-42-09E
Komsomolsk OHD Receiver 50-23-09N
137-19-31E
Komsomolsk OHD Transmitter 50-53-32N
136-50-15E
Nikolayev OHD Receiver 47-02-38N
032-11-55E
Nikolayev OHD Transmitter 46-48-29N
032-13-13E
ABSTRACT
1. The Soviet Union has had active anti-ballistic missile (ABM) programs since early 1962, consisting
of the deployment of an ABM system around Moscow, an ABM research, development, test and evalua-
tion (RTD&E) and training program at Sary-Shagan Missile Test Center, and the construction of ballistic
missile early warning (BMEW) radars on the periphery of the USSR. This report describes the facilities
associated with these programs and the current status of each facility; it includes location maps, tables,
annotated photographs, and artist's sketches. (S/WN)
INTRODUCTION
2. The Soviet Union is the only country with an operationally deployed ABM system. This system,
deployed in defense of Moscow, is currently being upgraded with new launch complexes, silo launchers,
and a large, new ABM radar, all of which will provide an increased defensive capability against ballistic
missile attack. (S/WN)
3. The Soviet Union is also engaged in an active ABM research and development program at Sary-
Shagan Missile Test Center. This program, judging from the construction of new instrumentation and
ABM support facilities there, is expected to continue at a very rapid pace. (S/WN)
4. Finally, the Soviet Union has built and is building BMEW radar sites at appropriate locations in
support of defenses against enemy missiles and aircraft. (S/WN)
5. This report describes the facilities associated with all these programs, in the order just presented,
and estimates the status of each facility. (S/WN)
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BASIC DESCRIPTION
The Moscow ABM System
6. In 1962, concurrent with the construction
of ABM test facilities at Sary-Shagan, the Soviets
began constructing eight GALOSH ABM launch
sites around Moscow and a large phased-array
radar (nicknamed DOG HOUSE) at Naro-Fominsk,
west-southwest of Moscow, for ABM battle man-
agement support. Many problems were apparently
encountered in the system development program,
and by 1966, even before the system was opera-
tional, four of the eight sites at Moscow had been
abandoned. The system probably did not become
initially operational until the late 1960s, and full
operational capability was probably not reached
until the early 1970s. (S/WN)
Railroad
Road
Canal
? Operational ABM Complex
0 ABM Silo Construction
O Phased-Array Radar Ucon
0
O Battle Management Radar
? Support Facility
O ABM Site Preparations
5 0 15
Nautical Miles
E33
Pushkino
60?
330?\
E05
C02
E31
40?
150?
6?00
B
31 O
a
Kl az
Kubinka
OSCOw
Train'
F ity
1633
(no ilos p\ sent)
Naro-
i k
Ring
4
0
C Ring
Borovsk
Su rt
Facility
Chekhov
D Ring
4
E ing 6s?o '
Ok4
NPIC T-7531
?
'
37
00
38?
00' 39?00'
cle (RV) intercepts above the atmosphere; 64 GA-
LOSH launchers (four sites with 16 missiles each);
on-site TRY ADD radars for RV tracking and inter-
ceptor control; the large DOG HOUSE radar; and
two facilities for ABM support/training. A second
large battle management radar, called CAT
HOUSE, was completed near Chekhov in late 1975.
(S/WN)
8. The Moscow ABM system stayed relatively
unchanged through mid-1979 and consisted of the
following components (Figure 1): four operational
launch complexes deployed on the Moscow E ring
(at E05, E24, E31 and E33); the two large battle
management radars at Naro-Fominsk and Chek-
hov; an ABM support facility at Borovsk to re-
ceive, assemble, check out, fuel, and load GA-
7. The system consisted of the GALOSH LOSH missiles into their transport and launch can-
long-range ABM missile, capable of reentry vehi- isters; and a small ground-support equipment
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(GSE) training facility at Kubinka for driver training
and for training personnel in loading and erecting
the GALOSH canister in its launcher. (S/WN)
9. Starting in mid-1979, the Soviets began to
dismantle the GALOSH launcher force. By the end
of 1979, half had been removed, leaving only 32
operational ABM launchers, eight at each of the
four launch complexes. During this same time,
construction of a large, new ABM radar was un-
derway near Pushkino, north of Moscow (Figure
1). (S/WN)
10. There were no further changes to the
launcher force until late December 1980, when the
first ABM launch silo was observed under very
early construction at a new launch site near Push-
kino (C02). There are now 68 ABM silos under
construction at six sites (Figure 1 and Tables 1 and
2). Fifty-two of the silos are probably for the Sovi-
et's new SH-08 ABM, and 16 will probably house a
silo-based version of the GALOSH.* None of the
silo launchers is operational yet, but 64 of them
have reached the stage of construction where they
are accountable under the ABM treaty. These 64
silos, plus the 32 above-ground GALOSH laun-
chers, bring the treaty-accountable launcher force
at Moscow to 96 (100 are allowed by the treaty).
The four silos not yet accountable (because of
their very early construction stage) are at ABM site
B06. (S/WN)
11. At one of the new complexes, B16, al-
though launch silos are not yet present, buildings
under construction and fence realignment closely
resemble activities at other silo complexes, and it
is probable that silo construction will also take
place there at some point. (S/WN)
12. Finally, there is an anomalous under-
ground structure at the ABM launch complex C02
(near Pushkino) that has some silo-like characteris-
tics; but, for reasons described further on, it is not
thought to be a launch silo. (S/WN)
Launch Complexes for Probable High-
Acceleration ABM
13. Moskva ABM Launch Site C02. This site is
10 nautical miles (nm) north-northwest of Push-
kino and 25.5 nm north of Moscow. It is 1,000
meters north-northeast of the Pushkino Phased-
Table 1.
Status of Moscow ABM Launch Complexes
Array Radar. The site (Figure 2), all of which is
under construction, consists of 12 ABM silos in two
launch lines at right angles, a site security building,
and two support buildings. The site is unique in
being the only ABM silo deployment site built
from scratch; all the other silo sites at Moscow
were constructed at existing SAM or ABM facili-
ties. C02 was the first of the new silo sites and was
initially observed in December 1980. There was no
evidence of silos there on
(S/WN)
14. The anomalous structure being built at
C02 has some silo-like characteristics (it is num-
bered "Position 13" for this reason), but it is
probably not an ABM launch silo. This structure is
isolated from the launch silos (Figure 2) and
consists of a possible coring containing a vertical
cylinder, possibly constructed of facing blocks,
that extends slightly above ground level. The
depth of the coring and cylinder is unknown;
however, no significant excavation was observed
in this area, suggesting that the structure is not of
launch-silo depth. Figure 3 is an artist's concept of
the early construction phase of this structure
compared to a typical ABM silo; Figures 4 and 5
provide further comparative data. (S/WN)
15. Moskva ABM Complex B06. This facility,
11.5 nm northeast of Moscow, is a former SA-2
SAM launch site (Figure 6). Activity indicating
conversion of this site to an ABM complex was first
observed in January 1983, when four silos were
identified under construction; actual construction
probably started sometime in late 1982. Twelve
silos are now under construction at this site in two
launch lines roughly at right angles. Four of them
are not currently counted against the ABM treaty
because of the early stage of their construction.
Other components of the site include footings for
a new security building and two support buildings
under construction. (S/WN)
16. Moskva ABM Site B22. This former SA-2
SAM site has been undergoing conversion to an
ABM silo complex since March 1981 (Figure 7). As
of 12 equally spaced ABM silos were
under construction, five on the eastern side and
seven on the northern side of the site. A new site
security building has been constructed, and con-
struction is in progress on two large support
Complex GALOSH Launchers ABM Silos Date of Latest
Ucon Imagery
E05 8
E24 8
E31 8
E33 8
C02 0
B31 0
B22 0
B16 0
B06 0
Total 32
8
8
0
0
12
16
12
0
12'
68
Four of these 12 are not yet treaty accountable.
This table is classified SECRET/WNINTEL.
(Continued p. 8)
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 Table 2.
Status of Silo Construction at Moscow ABM Launch Complexes
This table in its entirety is classified SECRET/WNINTEL
Silos
Silo
Prep
np1 E95
~Qppe E4..
cpipts&Q
10
11
12
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
9
10
11
12
Tot~1$ far each stage
Headworks
(HW)
Excav
HW
Shoring
64 64
Shaft
Core
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Stage of Construction
Shaft
Shoring
Liner
Installed
HW HW HW
Installed Complete Appendage
61 55 54 51
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50
Back-
filled
Door Door
Rails Inst
Date of
Externally Latest
Comp Imagery
R CA-02/0001/83
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buildings in the central part of the site. Other
components of the site include one flat-roofed
administration building and two barracks. (S/WN)
17. Moskva ABM Launch Site B31. This ABM
silo site (Figure 8) was also converted from an
inactive SA-2 SAM site. It contains 16 ABM silos in
various stages of construction in a C-configuration
along the east, north, and west sides of the site. A
new security building has been constructed at the
site entrance, and the two large support buildings
common to all the Moscow silo sites are under
construction in the center of the site. Silos were
first identified under construction at this site in
late February 1981. There was no evidence of
construction on earlier coverage in October 1980.
(S/WN)
18. Moskva SAM Site B16-2. This facility is
being converted from an SA-2 SAM site to a
probable ABM complex (Figure 9). It was an active
SA-2 launch site in April 1982, when realignment
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of the security fence line was under way. The new
fence is the same type being used at all the new
ABM sites and consists of large panels that provide
both visual and physical security. All of the SA-2
equipment had been removed by July 1982, and
extensive grading was under way. (S/WN)
19. On the most recent coverage available,
there were still no indications of silo construction.
However, a new site security building had been
completed, identical in size and appearance to the
new security buildings constructed at the other
new silo sites, and two large support buildings
under construction in the center of the site appear
to be identical to new buildings at the other new
silo sites. Before any silo construction can take
place at this site, some aboveground GALOSH
launchers elsewhere will have to be removed to
avoid violations of the ABM treaty. (S/WN)
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GALOSH Launch Complexes
20. Moskva ABM Launch Complex E05. ABM
Launch Complex E05 (Figure 10) is one of the
original GALOSH complexes deployed in the early
1960s to defend Moscow. During mid-to-late 1979,
eight of its 16 aboveground GALOSH launchers
were removed. Initial construction of ABM silos
was observed on No indication
of this construction was observed in late Novem-
ber 1981. (S/WN)
21. The eight launch silos currently under
construction at this complex are positioned di-
rectly behind the removed launcher positions and
are evenly spaced 100 meters apart. Other compo-
nents at the site include the eight remaining
aboveground GALOSH launchers, two TRY ADD
radar sites, and two large support buildings under
construction in the center of the launch site.
(S/W N)
22. Moskva ABM Launch Complex E24. ABM
Launch Complex E24 (Figure 11) is another of the
original GALOSH complexes. Eight of its 16 laun-
chers were also removed during mid-to-late 1979,
and initial construction of ABM silos was observed
on No evidence of silo construction
was present in late October 1980. (S/WN)
23. The eight silos under construction at this
complex are positioned beside the former GA-
LOSH positions rather than behind them (as at
E05), resulting in uneven spacing (from 100 meters
to 164 meters). Other components within the
facility include the eight GALOSH launchers, two
TRY ADD radars, and two large support buildings
under construction in the center of the site.
(S/W N)
24. Moskva ABM Launch Complex E31. This
operational ABM launch complex (Figure 12) is
another of the original Moscow ABM complexes.
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It contains a launch area, an operational support
facility, and an adjacent housing and support area.
Construction of the complex began in June 1965
and was completed by December 1968. (S/WN)
25. The launch area consists of two TRY ADD
facilities and eight launch positions. Eight of the
complex's 16 GALOSH launchers were dismantled
and removed in mid-1979, but no activity suggest-
ing future silo construction has yet been observed.
(S/WN)
26. Moskva ABM Launch Complex E33. This
operational ABM launch complex (Figure 13) is
the fourth of the original GALOSH ABM com-
plexes. Like the others, it contains a launch area,
an operational support facility, and an adjacent
housing and support area. Construction of the
complex began in April 1962 and was completed
by August 1968. The launch area was constructed
over the northern end of Moscow SAM Site E33-1
and consists of two TRY ADD radar facilities and
eight GALOSH launch positions. As at the other E-
ring sites, eight of the 16 above-ground launchers
were dismantled and removed in mid-1979, but, as
at E31, no activity indicating future silo construc-
tion has been observed. (S/WN)
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27. Pushkino Phased-Array Radar Facility.
This new, large, ABM, phased-array radar facility
(Figure 14) is under construction 10 nm north-
northwest of Pushkino and 25.5 nm north of
Moscow. The radar is housed in a truncated
pyramidal structure in a late stage of construction.
Each of the sloping faces of the structure contains
a circular probable receiver array, a rectangular
probable transmitter array, and an adjacent smaller
rectangular array. The two rectangular arrays abut
and form an L-pattern. When completed, the base
of the antenna building will probably be below
ground level and 150 meters square. The top of
the building is 102 meters square with a flat roof
supporting a rectangular structure at each of its
four corners. The four radar faces are oriented on
azimuths of 60, 150, 240, and 330 degrees and are
inclined at approximately 30 degrees. (S/WN)
28. Initial ground clearing for this facility was
underway by May 1978, but construction had not
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progressed to the point where a functional identi-
fication could be made until July 1980. At that time
the large transformer yard 1.3 nm west of the main
facility and the water treatment facility just south
of the main facility could be identified. (S/WN)
29. Naro-Fominsk ABM/Space Tracking Ra-
dar Facility. This facility (Figure 15), 35 nm south-
west of Moscow, is the original battle management
radar for the GALOSH ABM system and consists of
separate receiving and transmitting areas. Facility
A, the receiver site, contains a large, A-frame,
phased-array antenna, called DOG HOUSE, ori-
ented on a azimuth. Each of the
two faces of the antenna is 122 by 122 meters. A
large L-shaped control building is next to the
antenna; a small building on its roof supports an
optical tracking dome. The fence-secured facility
also contains one earth-mounded, T-shaped, con-
trol bunker. (S/WN)
.30. Facility B contains the transmitting anten-
nas for the DOG HOUSE radar. The two antennas
are aligned along the opposite sides of a large
rectangular control building and have the same
orientations as the receiver. Each antenna face is
238 by 10 meters. An optical tracking dome is
mounted on a small building on top of the control
building. Other components of this fence-secured
facility include one large cooling facility, a heating
plant, and four support buildings. (S/WN)
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31. Chekhov ABM/Space Tracking Radar Fa-
cility. This facility (Figure 16), called CAT HOUSE,
is approximately 35 nm south-southwest of Mos-
cow and approximately 6.5 nm northwest of
Chekhov and also has separate transmitters and
receivers. It was completed by late 1975 and
increased battle management support for the
Moscow ABM system. Site A consists of two
phased-array receiver antennas oriented on azi-
muths of The antenna
components for each antenna are mounted on
two in-line, A-frame, supporting structures adja-
cent to a control building. (S/WN)
32. Site B, the transmitter site, is approxi-
mately 8,000 feet south of site A and consists of
two phased-array transmitting antennas on the
same azimuths as the receiver. The antenna com-
ponents for both antennas are mounted on an A-
frame supporting structure and are separated from
the control building by a structure of unknown
function. Site A and B are both secured by three
fence lines. (S/WN)
33. Moskva ABM Support Facility, Borovsk.
This facility, 45 nm southwest of Moscow, is the
only known support facility for the Moscow ABM
launch complexes. It consists of an operations area
(Figure 17) and a housing and support area (not
shown). Construction of the facility had begun in
July 1961 but progressed slowly until April 1966. It
appeared to be complete by late 1968. By that time
it contained a receiving/assembly building, a stor-
age/assembly building, a liquid propellant storage
and handling facility,
S/W N )
34. Three large buildings were constructed
in the ground support equipment (GSE) handling
area of this facility after mid-1980. These buildings
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include a six-story technical/laboratory building
with attached vehicle maintenance garages, an 11-
bay vehicle garage, and a clerestory building. The
clerestory building is similar to one constructed at
the Sary-Shagan Missile Test Center and will
probably be used for the maintenance of new
ABM Missile GSE. (S/WN)
35. In Mid-1982, trees were cleared from two
new areas, areas A and B, on the west side of this
facility. In construction area A, a high-bay, rail-
served building was under construction (Figure
18). This is a probable receiving, inspection, and
maintenance (RIM) building for new silo-launched
ABM missiles, which will arrive at this facility in the
near future. In construction area B, two large
thick-walled buildings were under construction.
One of these buildngs will probably be used for
storing the new silo-launched GALOSH Missiles
and the other for storing the new SH-08 ABM
Missiles. (S/WN)
Moskva SAM and ABM Training Faciliity.
36. This facility (Figure 19) is 34 nm west-
southwest of Moscow, in the southwest corner of
Kubinka Army Barrack AL 1 It is 25X1
used to train personnel in mating and erecting the
GALOSH canister in the launcher-erector. The
facility has a double-loop, figure-eight road pat-
tern with a GALOSH launcher-erector on one side
and a double-bay, drive-through building,
on the other. A security/administra- 2bA1 i
tion building is at the entrance to the facility, and
a partially revetted POL storage tank is near the
drive-through building. The facility is secured on
all sides by a solid fence. (S/WN)
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SECRET
R CA-02/0001/83
25X1;
25X1
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Anti-Ballistic Missile
Research and Development
Sary-Shagan Missile Test Center
37. The Sary-Shagan Missile Test Center (Fig-
ure 20) is the RDT&E and training center for Soviet
ABM systems. ABMs are tested at the Center's
Launch Complexes B and F, which are supported
by 15 tracking facilities. A new tracking system,
components of which have recently been com-
pleted, will probably support future ABM efforts.
This system has been under construction since
1978 and consists of Range Related Facility 1;
Range Related Facility 2; a new impact area with
six remote tracking towers; nine new optical
tracking stations; a new interferometer; and two
bent, log periodic, zigzag antennas. (S/WN)
38. An increase in the number of future
ABM launches is indicated by the construction of
new ABM handling facilities and the recent arrival
of ABM canisters at the ABM receiving area of the
Operations Support Base. (S/WN)
39. Launch Complex B. Launch Complex B
(Figure 21) is the RDT&E and training complex for
the GALOSH ABM system. This complex consists
of TRY ADD radars, three surface launch positions
(C1, C2, and C3), and two silo launch positions (C4
and C5). Surface-launched GALOSH missile firings
have occurred at this launch complex since the
mid-1960s. Silo launches of the GALOSH, follow-
ing completion of the two GALOSH silos in March
1979, so far total five: two from C4 in March and
June 1979, and three from C5 in June and Decem-
ber 1980, and in June 1983. (S/WN)
40. Soviet intentions to continue to use the
TRY ADD radar with the silo-based GALOSH
system were indicated when the radar dome over
the TRY ADD A building was replaced without any
modification to the 40-meter diameter dish an-
tenna. The original dome was removed and a new
geodesic dome was installed in early February
1982. (S/WN)
41. Launch Complex F. Launch Complex F is
the RDT&E for the new SH-08 ABM. All launches
of that missile have been from launch site 3 (Figure
22), which has two surface launchers (3A and 3D)
and two launch silos (3B and 3C). Six launches
occurred from surface launch pad 3A between
April 1978 and February 1980. There have been
only two silo launches since the silos were com-
pleted in June 1979; these were from silo 3B in July
1979 and April 1980. Silo 3C was dismantled in May
1980, reconstructed, and completed by July 1981.
The last 11 launches of the SH-08 ABM have been
surface launches, all from launch pad 3D, between
July 1980 and June 1983. There were no launches
detected in 1982, but two launches have occurred
so far in 1983, one in January and the latest in 3
June. (S/WN)
42. Range Related Facility 1. Range Related
Facility 1 (Figure 23) is a new tracking facility that
forms part of an upgraded tracking system for the
range. It is 1.7 nm southwest of Launch Complex B
and consists of an operations area, a support area,
and a construction camp. The triple-secured oper-
ations area contains a two-story rectangular opera-
tions building, a two-story stepped-roof opera-
tions building, three lattice towers, a pedestal-
mounted 64-element telemetry antenna, and two
pedestal-mounted TT-EL-01 telemetry antennas.
On top of the main lattice tower are two
hexagonal platforms, each with an unidentified
telemetry antenna. Below these platforms are ten
TRACKING FACILITY II
IT,
?MOSCOW
RANGE RELATED
FACILITY 2
NEW OPTICAL TRACKER
? REMOTE SITE
A BENT LOG PERIODIC ZIGZAG ANTENNA
O 5 10
NAUTICAL MILES
72?00'
1
TRACKING FACILITY G5 j
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SECRET
R CA-02/0001/83
25X1
25X1
orlyl
25X1
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separate mounts, six of which are occupied by 3-
meter-diameter microwave dish antennas. A sec-
ond tower has a large probable rectangular screen
antenna attached to the side and oriented toward
the new impact area. This tower also has two
hexagonal platforms on top. A platform on top of
the third tower supports two unidentified anten-
nas. The support area consists of two apartment-
type buildings under construction and one heating
plant. (S/WN)
43. Range Related Facility 2. This facility
(Figure 24), also newly constructed, is similar to
Facility 1. It is 1 nm west of Tracking Facility 12 and
25 nm north of Facility 1. It also consists of an
operations area, a support area, and a construction
camp. The double-secured operations area con-
tains a two-story rectangular operations building, a
two-story stepped-roof operations building, two
lattice towers, a large antenna pedestal for a
probable 64-element telemetry antenna, and two
pedestal-mounted TT-EL-01 telemetry antennas.
The main lattice tower is one of six remote towers
constructed around the new impact area. The top
of this tower contains two hexagonal platforms
each with an unidentified telemetry antenna. No
antennas have been identified on the second
lattice tower. The support area consists of a single
apartment-type building under construction and a
heating plant. (S/WN)
44. Remote Tracking Towers. Six remote
tracking towers are in the late stages of construc-
tion around the new impact area (Figure 20). These
lattice towers are at (1) 46-11-17N 072-21-24E, (2)
46-11-38N 072-12-33E, (3) 46-16-23N 072-08-51E, (4)
46-21-51N 072-27-58E, (5) 46-14-05N 071-58-57E,
and (6) 46-24-54N 072-27-58E. Each tower (Figure
25) has two hexagonal platforms, each
with an unidentified telemetry antenna. There is a
small control building at the base of towers 1
through 4, which will probably be added to towers
5 and 6, and a diameter microwave dish
mounted on the side near the top of towers 1
through 4. (S/WN)
RCA-0210001183
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45. Optical Tracker Sites. Nine new optical
tracker sites have been constructed at the Sary-
Shagan Missile Range at or near existing tracking
facilities. Each site consists of a center position for
a mobile optical tracker, three cable-connected
positions each containing a calibration monument
(Figure 26, inset A), and a cable-connected posi-
tion with a calibration building (Figure 26, inset B).
(S/W N)
46. The optical tracker sites at Tracking Facil-
ity 11, Tracking Facility 12, Electronic Site D near
Launch Complex F, and Instrumentation Sites B2
and B3, both near Launch Complex B, are all
associated with ABM research and development.
These five optical tracker sites are similar in having
a hardstand near the center for a mobile optical
tracker (Fi ure 26, inset Q. A mobile optical
tracker diameter
dome is at this position at Electronic Site D. The
dome of this tracker was open on
Similar mobile optical trackers are at Tracking
Facilities 11 and 12. To date, mobile optical
trackers have not been at Instrumentation Sites B2
nor B3, but, judging from activities at similar sites,
they are expected in the future. (S/WN)
47. The optical tracker sites at Tracking Facil-
ities G2, G3, G4, and G5 are near the SA-10
research and development area. At these four
optical tracker sites the center positions consist of
a control building with an
attached diameter optical tracking
dome on a tall circular structure (Figure
27)(S/WN)
RCA-0210001183
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48. Bent Log Periodic Antennas. Two proba-
bly identical antennas-the Sary-Shagan Bent Log
Periodic Zigzag Antenna South (Figure 28), and the
Sary-Shagan Bent Log Periodic Zigzag Antenna
North (Figure 29)-are under construction 13 nm
apart near the lake front at the Sary-Shagan Missile
Test Center. The south antenna is 1 nm south-
southwest of Launch Complex D
the north antenna is 0.5 nm south-southwest of
Tracking Facility 1 0 Construction
began on both antennas in early 1982 and appears
to be nearly complete. The antennas are being
constructed in a graded and fence-secured area.
Each antenna consists of two antenna element
support structures (see Figure 30 for artist's draw-
ing of one of the support structures)
long joined at one end to make a n
arrow V
meters above the ground. The two supports form
an angle of at their apex and areC
meters apart at the open end. Each supports
vertical and horizontal elements decreasing in size
in a log periodic sequence toward the apex. The
axis of the south antenna is oriented on a azimuth
of the azimuth of the axis of the
north antenna is (S/WN)
49. Operations Support Base. The Explosives
and Solid-Propellant Handling Facility at the Oper-
ations Support Base (Figure 31) has been undergo-
ing expansion since early 1982. This facility will
probably become the handling area for silo-
launched GALOSH and SH-08 ABMs. A drive-
through building on the east side of the facility has
become the receiving, inspection, and mainte-
nance (RIM) building for the SH-08 missile. During
1982, six probable shipping canisters for this
missile were in front of the RIM building; the
missiles themselves were probably stored inside. A
new probable open-storage area for missile silo
canisters was constructed on the southeast side
and just outside the security fence of this facility.
This area was later included within the security
fence, and a new loop road was constructed to the
RIM building. Between three
probable SH-08 missile silo canisters arrived and
were on a small hardstand on the west side of this
facility. A fourth canister was present on
~(S/WN)
50. A GALOSH missile-silo canister was
parked along with the surface-launched GALOSH
canisters on 0 it was gone on
A GALOSH missile was silo-launched from
Launch Complex B in June 1983, probably using
this canister. A new probable GALOSH missile-silo
canister storage area was under construction just
outside the security fence in the southwest corner
of this facility. The security fence has been ex-
tended to include it. This new area consists of a
large 10-bay structure with thick concrete walls. A
large area in front of the structure was paved, and
an earthern berm was constructed in back. (S/WN)
Ballistic Missile Early Warning
and Anti-Satellite Radars
New Phased-Array Radar Facilities
51. New phased-array radar facilities for bal-
listic missile attack warning are under construction
or have recently been completed at six locations in
NPIC T-7558
FIGURE 30. ARTIST'S CONCEPT OF ANTENNA SUPPORT STRUCTURE, SARY-SHAGAN BENT LOG PERIODIC ZIG-
ZAG ANTENNAS
SECRET
R CA-02/0001/83
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
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the USSR: Abalakovo, Pechora, Lyaki, Mishelevka,
Sary-Shagan, and Olenegorsk (Figure 32). The new
radars are of two types: a single receiving array,
and bistatic arrays (transmitter and receiver at
separate sites). Four of the five bistatic phased-
array radar facilities are similar in most visible
respects, except for a variation in transmitter
heights: the transmitters heights at Sary-Shagan
and Abalakovo are 37 meters; the heights at
Pechora and Lyaki and 56 meters (Table 3). (S/WN)
Table 3.
3istatic Phased-Array Radar Facilities
52, Abalakovo Phased-Array Radar Facility.
This facility (Figure 33) is located 19 nm southeast
of the city of Abalakovo and consists of an
operations area, a water treatment and storage
area, and a construction support area. The opera-
tions area contains a bistatic phased-array radar
under construction, with the transmitter and re-
ceiver separated by 840 meters. When complete,
this radar will close a gap toward the northeast in
the Soviet's ballistic missile early warning (BMEW)
Facility
Transmitter
Receiver
Separation Between
Transmitter and
Width
Height
Width . Height Receiver
Abalakovo
45
37
95
86
840
Pechora
45
56
95
86
800
Lyaki
45
56
95
86
1,200
Mishelevka
Ucon
Ucon
Ucon
Ucon
870
Sary-Shagan
45
37
95
86
2,700
Olenegorsk*
N/A
N/A
95
46
N/A
*XMTR source is original HEN HOUSE.
This fable is SECRET/INNINTEL.
FIGURE 32. LOCATION AND APPROXIMATE COVERAGE OF BALLISTIC MISSILE EARLY WARNING RADAR
FACILITIES
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HEN HOUSE Radar Facilities
67. Fifteen HEN HOUSE radars are deployed
at six locations in the Soviet Union (Figure 32).
These radars can be divided into two functional
types: antisatellite (ASAT) radars, and ballistic
missile early warning (BMEW) radars. HEN HOUSE
ASAT radars provide detection and tracking of
satellites that overfly the Soviet Union. Each radar
consists of two antennas on the same azimuth but
with different elevations angles, varying from 20 to
80 degrees. Each antenna can scan 15 degrees on
either side of the base azimuth. HEN HOUSE ASAT
radars are deployed at two facilities in the Soviet
Union: the Sary-Shagan Missile Test Center, and at
Mishelevka. (S/WN)
68. HEN HOUSE BMEW radars are also of
two types. The first-generation radars are confi
gured with a 30-degree angle between the orien
tation azimuths of the two antenna faces. Each
antenna beam can be steered 15 degrees on either
side of the base azimuth, thus providing a 60-
degree sector of coverage from the two faces.
Each antenna face has an elevation angle of 20
degrees. Two of the seven HEN HOUSE BMEW
radars-radar A at Skrunda and the HEN HOUSE at
Olenegorsk-are first-generation HEN HOUSES.
(S/WN)
69. Second-generation HEN HOUSE BMEW
radars are configured with either a 60-degree or a
120-degree angle between the orientation azi-
muths of their two antennas. These antennas can
scan 30 degrees on either side of their boresight
azimuths. Again, each of the antenna faces has an
elevation of 20 degrees. Second-generation HEN
HOUSE radars are deployed at five sites: Skrunda,
Mishelevka, Sary-Shagan, Sevastopol, and Muka-
chevo. (S/WN)
70. Mishelevka HEN HOUSE Radar Facility.
The Mishelevka HEN HOUSE Radar Facility (Figure
42) consists of an operations area, a communica-
tions satellite area, a support area, and a construc
tion support area. The operations area consists of
four HEN HOUSE ASAT radars (A through D), one
second-generation HEN HOUSE BMEW radar (E),
and 30 support buildings and structures. The
azimuths of the radar E antennas are separated by
120 degree. (S/WN)
71. The communications satellite area is
about 1,330 meters north-northwest of the opera-
tions area and contains a type C satellite commu-
nications building with two __________diameter
antennas, a security building, and a support build-
ing. (S/WN)
72. The support area contains over 200 sup-
port buildings and structures. The construction
support area contains over 50 buildings and struc-
tures. (S/WN)
73. Mukachevo HEN HOUSE Radar Facility,
The Mukachevo HEN HOUSE Radar Facility (Figure
43) consists of an operations area and a support
area. The operations area consists of a second-
generation HEN HOUSE BMEW radar and support
structures. The facility was first observed under
construction in January 1973 and by May 1976 was
externally complete. Each antenna is 270 meters
long with an elevation angle of 20 degrees. A 60-
-30-
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degree angle is formed between the boresight
azimuths (195 and 255 degrees) of the two antenna
faces. The beam of each antenna can be swung 30
degrees on either side of the boresight azimuth.
(S/W N)
74. The support area is about 600 meters
northeast of the operations area and contains 100
support buildings. (S/WN)
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75. Olenegorsk HEN HOUSE Radar Facility.
The Olenegorsk HEN HOUSE Radar Facility (Figure
44) consists of an operations area, a support area,
and a satellite communications area. The opera-
tions area consists of a first-generation HEN
HOUSE BMEW radar, a phased-array radar re-
ceiver, and 20 on-site support buildings and
structures. The HEN HOUSE radar has boresight
azimuths of 295 degrees and 325 degrees (a 30-
degree angle of separation between the boresight
azimuths), an elevation angle of 20 degrees, and
can probably serve as the transmitter for the
phased-array receiver as well as operate indepen-
dently. (S/WN)
76. The support area is southeast of the
operations area and consists of 50 buildings and
structures. The satellite communications area, 2.4
nm east of the operations area, consists of a type C
control building with two
tennas. (S/WN)
communications area, and a support area. The
operations area consists of four HEN HOUSE ASAT
radars (A-D), one second-generation HEN HOUSE
BMEW radar (E), and 30 support buildings and
structures. The HEN HOUSE BMEW has 60 degrees
of separation between its antenna face orienta-
tions. (S/WN)
78. The satellite communications area, 1.3
nm northwest of the operations area, consists of a
type C satellite communications building with two
antennas. Five additional 25X1
buildings are also in the area. The support area is
located west of the operations area and contains
over 150 buildings. (S/WN)
79. Sevastopol HEN HOUSE Radar Facility.
The Sevastopol HEN HOUSE Radar Facility (Figure
46) consists of an operations area and a support
area. The operations area consists of a second-
generation HEN HOUSE BMEW radar and 20
support buildings and structures. One face of the
77. Sary-Shagan HEN HOUSE Radar Facility.
The Sary-Shagan HEN HOUSE Radar Facility (Fig-
ure 45) consists of an operations area, a satellite
radar is on an azimuth of
the other
25X1
face is on an azimuth
(S/WN)
25X1
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80. The support area is west of the opera-
tions area and contains 35 buildings. (S/WN)
81. Skrunda HEN HOUSE Radar Facility.
Skrunda HEN HOUSE Radar Facility (Figure 47)
consists of an operations area, a satellite communi-
cations area, and a support area. The operations
area (Figure 48) consists of a first-generation and a
second-generation HEN HOUSE BMEW radar (ra-
dars A and B), and 25 support buildings. The
boresight azimuths of the antenna faces of radars
A and B are separated by 30 and 120 degrees,
respectively. (S/WN)
82. The satellite communications area is
about 1.5 nm northeast of the operations area.
Although no antennas have been mounted on the
roof of the type C satellite communications build-
ing as yet, two antennas are
expected. Five additional buildings are also in the
area. The support area is north of the satellite
communications area and contains 100 buildings.
(S/W N)
Over-The-Horizon Detection Radar
Facilities
83. Soviet over-the-horizon detection (OHD)
radar facilities are at Komsomolsk, Kiyev, and
Nikolayev (Figure 49). Each OHD facility contains a
transmitter site and a receiver site, which form a
bistatic OHD radar system. Each transmitter and
receiver site contains large, stacked, horizontal
dipole arrays that can be electrically steered to
detect and track targets at extended ranges over
the horizon. Although these facilities are intended
primarily for defense against ballistic missiles, they
can also be used against aircraft. These three
facilities also contain log-periodic antenna arrays
(LPAAs) at the transmitter site and a circularly
disposed antenna array (CDAA) at the receiver
site. The LPAAs are used to transmit an iono-
spheric sounding signal that is received and ana-
lyzed by the CDAA. Based on an analysis of this
signal, an optimum frequency is then selected for
operation of the OHD system. (S/WN)
84. The Nikolayev OHD system is the proto-
type OHD facility. It is oriented from
north, which covers four Soviet missile test centers
and much of China. (S/WN)
Komsomolsk and
receiver facility, 16 nm southeast of the city of
Komsomolsk, was observed under construction in
March 1973 and was externally complete by Jul
1979. The system is oriented on an azimuth of
(S/WN)
87. Komsomolsk OHD Transmitter Facility.
The transmitter facility (Figure 50) consists of a
large array with seven interior towers
25X1
25X1
high; a small array of seven interior towersL___1 25X1
meters high; a central control building; eight
LPAAs; two 52-meter-high towers; on-site support
buildings; and a support area. The lar a and small
arra s each have two end towers high
and high, respectively, that support a
back screens. The large and small arrays together
form an antenna about 510 meters long. Each of
the interior towers of the large and small arrays
has eight horizontal caged dipole antennas.
(S/W N)
88. The eight LPAAs are arranged in two
groups of four on each side of the OHD transmit-
ter array. Each array has an overall length of about
194 meters and contains wire elements logarithmi-
cally spaced and suspended between side support
wires. These support wires are in turn suspended
from three pairs of towers that increase in height
as they progress outward from the OHD transmit-
ter array. The orientation of each array in the
LPAA differ by 45-degree intervals and together
provide 360 degrees of coverage. (S/WN)
89. There are two towers 52 meters high
northwest of the small transmitting array. Possibly
the function of these towers is calibration/testing.
(S/WN)
90. On-site support buildings include a small
operations building joined by a corridor to the
main control building, two buildings across the
road from the control building that contain proba-
ble pumping equipment for POL and possibly
auxiliary generators, a four-unit cooling tower,
and miscellaneous support buildings. (S/WN)
91. The support area, not shown, is about 0.5
nm southwest of the transmitting arrays. The area
contains a heating plant, two POL tanks, a POL
pumphouse, two water tanks, a messhall, an
administration building, three vehicle parking ga-
rages, seven multistory apartment buildings, and
15 support buildings. (S/WN)
92. Komsomolsk OHD Receiver Facility. The
receiver facility (Figure 51) consists of an opera-
tions area, a circular disposed antenna array
Kiyev radars, I = respectively,
provide coverage of ICBM sites in the United
States. The external appearance and dimensions of
the Komsomolsk and Kiyev radars are essentially
the same. Their transmitter and receiver radars
have two different sizes of dipole elements, com-
pared to a single element size for the Nikolayev
radar. This permits a more efficient frequency
selection than is possible with only one size.
(S/W N)
86. Komsomolsk OHD Radar System. The
Komsomolsk OHD Radar System consists of a
transmitter facility and a receiver facility, 36 nm
apart, that appear to be intended for providing
long-range radar coverage of the United States
and Canada. The transmitter facility, 20 nm north-
northwest of the city of Komsomolsk, was first
observed under construction in July 1974, al-
though it was probably started in early 1973. The
Z-12105/83
(CDAA), a support area, and a construction sup-
port area. The operations area (Figure 52) consists
of a large and a small receiving array, two 52-
meter-high towers, and on-site support buildings.
The large array consists of 15 interior towers each
140 meters high and two end towers that support a
back screen. The overall length of the large array is
436 meters. The interior towers are
wide at the base, with a separation dis
meters. Each interior tower of the large array
supports ten stacked horizontal caged dipole
antennas. The end towers are high.
On-site support buildings include a small adminis-
tration building attached by a corridor to the
primary control building; a three-stack, forced-
draft cooler; buried POL and water tanks; an
(Continued p. 39)
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aboveground water tank; a water pumphouse;
and several small support buildings. The small
array consists of ten interior towers, each =
meters high, and two end towers, 0 meters
high, that su ort a back screen. The interior
towers are meters apart and the overall
length of the small array is = meters. Each
interior tower supports ten horizontal caged di-
pole antennas. There are two possible calibra-
tion/test towers northwest of the small receiving
array 52 meters high. (S/WN)
93. The CDAA (Figure 51) is 1.5 nm southeast
of the receiving arrays and consists of three
concentric circles of vertical-caged antennas and
masts and a central control building. The outer
ring is= meters in diameter and has one
hundred twenty vertical-caged
antenna elements spaced apart; the
middle rin is= meters in diameter and has 60
masts= meters hi h spaced =meters apart;
and the inner ring is meters in diameter and
has one hundred twenty verti-
cal-caged antenna elements spaced meters
apart. A vertical-caged antenna element
meters, is on top of the control building, which is
A mast,=meters high, was
observed in the southwest corner of the CDAA.
(S/WN)
94. The support area, not shown, is about 4
nm east of the receiving arrays. It contains a
heating plant, two POL tanks, a POL pumphouse,
and underground water tank, a water pumphouse,
two aboveground water tanks, an administration
building, two vehicle parking garages, six multi-
story apartment buildings, and 20 support build-
ings. The construction support area, located be-
tween the operations area and the CDAA, contains
numerous support buildings and sheds. (S/WN)
95. Kiyev Over-The-Horizon Detection Ra-
dar System. The Kiyev OHD system is similar to the
Komsomolsk Radar System. Both systems are bi-
static, with wide separation between transmitter
and receiver (31 nm at Kiev, 36 nm at Komso-
molsk). But there are two differences. First, the
CDAA at Kiyev is much closer to the operations
area (0.6 nm) than the CDAA at Komsomolsk (1.5
nm). Second, the Kiyev system has a satellite
communications system under construction at the
receiver, while the Komsomolsk system does not.
The Kiyev OHD radar is oriented on an azimuth of
which provides long-range radar
coverage of the United States and Canada. (S/WN)
96. Kiyev OHD Transmitter. The Kiyev OHD
Transmitter (Figure 53) is 71 nm north of the city of
Kiyev and is similar to the Komsomolsk OHD
transmitter. The facility was first observed under
construction in March 1973 and was externally
complete by October 1976. (S/WN)
97. Kiyev OHD Receiver. The Kiyev Receiver
(Figure 54) is 55 nm north-northwest of the city of
Kiyev and is similar to the Komsomolsk Receiver.
However, a type C satellite communications con-
trol building, is under construction in the western
part of the operations area. This construction was
first observed on
the building was externally complete, but neither
of the antennas had been
mounted on its roof. (S/WN)
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98. Nikolayev OHD Radar System. The Niko-
layev OHD Radar System consists of a transmitter
and receiver facilities about 14 nm apart that
appear to provide long-range radar coverage of
much of China. The system is believed to be the
Soviet prototype for research and development in
the field of OHD radars. Like the Komsomolsk and
Kiyev OHD radars, Nikolayev is a bistatic system
and also operates a CDAA and an LPAA. However,
Nikolayev differs from the other two systems in
two aspects. First, the separation between the
CDAA and the receiving antenna at Nikolayev is
closer (130 meters) than the separation at Komso-
molsk (1.5 nm) or Kiyev (0.6 nm). Second, the
LPAA at Nikolayev is a greater distance from the
transmitting antenna (0.7 nm) than at Komsomolsk
and Kiev, where the antennas are collocated.
Additionally, the LPAA at Nikolayev consists of a
single log-periodic antenna instead of the eight
LPAAs at each of the other two facilities. (S/WN)
99. Nikolayev OHD Transmitter Facility. The
transmitter facility (Figure 55), 12 nm southeast of
the city of Nikolayev, was first observed under
construction in June 1968 and consists of an
operations area and an LPAA. The operations area
contains a transmitting antenna (Figure 56) of 13
interior towers 90 meters high, supporting antenna
elements, and two end towers, also 90 meters
high, that support a back screen. Each of the 13
interior towers contains eight stacked, horizontal-
caged dipole antennas. A central control building,
a four-unit forced draft cooling tower, a heating
plant, and several sheds are also in the area.
(S/WN)
100. The LPAA (Figure 57) is 0.7 nm north-
west of the operations area and contains a single
log-periodic antenna, a control building, a security
building, a two-unit forced-draft cooling tower,
and a vehicle parking area where six vehicles are
usually observed. The log-periodic antenna is
supported by two large towers 120 meters high,
two towers 57 meters high, and two small towers 6
meters high. (S/WN)
101. Nikolayev OHD Receiver Facility. The
receiver facility (Figure 58), 12 nm northeast of the
city of Nikolayev, was first observed under con-
struction in June 1968 and by May 1972 was
externally complete. The facility consists of a large
array with 30 interior towers 143 meters high, two
end towers 143 meters high that support a back
screen, a CDAA, two 26-meter high masts, and a
support area. Eleven horizontal caged dipole an-
tennas are mounted on each of the 30 interior
towers that comprise the 333-meter long array. A
large control building, a four-unit forced-draft
cooling tower, and a support building are just
behind the receiving array. The CDAA is similar in
appearance and dimensions to the ones at the
Komsomolsk and Kiyev OHD facilities. (S/WN)
102. The support area contains a heating
plant, an administration building, several multi-
story apartment buildings, and numerous support
buildings. (S/WN)
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IMAGERY
All available satellite imagery acquired as of was used in the preparation of this report. (S/WN)
MAPS OR CHARTS
SAC. US Air Target Charts, Series 200, Various sheets, scale 1:200,000 (UNCLASSIFIED)
REQUIREMENT
COMIREX B01
Project 543060B
Comments and queries regarding this report are welcome. They may be directed
Soviet Strategic Forces Division, Imagery Exploitation Group, NPIC, on
Footnote (see paragraph 12)
or green extension (9)
*The association of specific ABM types with individual launch sites, although not absolutely established, is strongly
indicated in several ways: 1. The locations of the "B" and "C" ring silo sites (10-25 nautical miles from the center of
Moscow) appear to be much more suitable for deployment of the close-in, SH-08 ABM now being tested than for a
GALOSH type missile. The silos constructed at the two "E" ring sites (approximately 45 nautical miles out) are at
known deployment distances for the GALOSH and are collocated with existing GALOSH launchers. They are,
therefore, much more likely candidates to house the silo-based version of that missile. 2. The spacing of the silos at
the two "E ring" sites and the spacing of the GALOSH test silos at Sary-Shagan are about the same (100 meters or
greater); likewise, the silo spacing at the Moscow "B and C ring" sites and the spacing of the SH-08 ABM test silos at
Sary-Shagan are also about the same (50 meters). 3. The silos at the "E ring" sites will apparently function with
collocated TRY ADD radars, which do not have the capability to handle the high acceleration ABM. The "B and C
ring" silo sites, on the other hand, will probably operate with the new Pushkino radar.
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