YOUR REPORT ON THE JUNE 14-28 VISIT TO THE USSR ON CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79-00798A000800070001-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 19, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 24, 1975
• Content Type: MF

(_(iLJ Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798A0008p0077QQt-2
July 24, 1975
A'llaMORN4DW4
TO: Andrew Pt retti,
Office of Water Program Operations
PROM: Fitzhugh Green
SUBJECT: Your report on the Juno 14-28 visit to the
USSR on chemical technology and prevention
of water pollution fron industrial sources
Thank you for this latest in the series of good trip
reports. We are glad to see that the exchange under this
project continues to be beneficial to EPA..
cc: James Mee
Johnhott
Harold Cahi11
`4 bcc: EUR/SOV: IYm. Vale (w/cy incoming)
A-106.:DlIStrother: jcp 7/24/75 X50523 W811C
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 ? ~1
SUET ECT: Tripp
ApproMT
f f i-Q074WO09 07b -29 , 1975
Fitzhugh Green, Associate Administrator
for International Activities A-106
THRU: John T. Rhett, Deputy Assistant Administrator
for Water Program Operations WH-446
James L. Agee, Assistant Administrator ,goo
for Water and Hazardous Materials WH-556 Yam"
22 JUL 19 5
"Office "of Water Program Operations WH-447
As part of Project 11-2.2 - Prevention of Water Pollution
from Industrial Sources, the Ministry of the Chemical Industry
of the Soviet Union hosted the Environmental Protection Agency
official delegation from 6-14 - 6-28 1975. Their participants
were headed by Vice Minister K. K.Aerednichenko. His
personal interest was invaluable and his position in the
Ministry insured that all possible courtesies were received
by the delegation. He personally chaired our first and
last conference in Moscow and hosted our welcome aboard
and final dinner reception.
Of the industries covered to date in the Soviet Union,
namely'Pulp and Paper, Ferrous Metallurgy, and Chemical Industry,
I would have to rank Chemical Industry last as far as waste-
water treatment practice is concerned. When we complete the
Ministry of Oil Refining and Petro Chemical Industries in
October, we can make a more definitive rating as regards the
four industry sub-groups and their wastewater treatment
expertise.
Though beyond our control, only two of our scheduled visits
covered wastewater treatment plants. The one at Kiev chemical
fiber complex was shut down at the time of our visit. The
one at Almalyak was a complete closed cycle at this fertilizer
complex. A true zero discharge but obviously very costly.
Because their raw material supply of phosphrite rock is of
such poor quality they were forced into this closed system
as their wastewater treatment technology was not capable
of removing the impurities in the rock on any sensible
economic basis. The raw material was loaded with sulphur,
calcium, and manganese, amongst other impurities and was
and is a real problem.
o 3
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So that the industry specialists would see more of the
Soviet state of the art in wastewater treatment, I was able
to get the Soviets to schedule visits to two municipal
plants, both of which handled effluents from chemical
plants that discharged primarily organic wastes into the
effluent. These chemical effluents represented more than
50% of the input into the municipal plants. They were a
good example of the municipal systems in the major Soviet
cities and they are on a par with our own municipal
facilities up to and including secondary treatment. From
a technical point of view it was worth cancelling certain
cultural visits to afford this opportunity to our industry
representatives.
One of the biggest. differences between our system and
theirs is the use of design and research institutes. As
noted we visited four such institutes (Fertilizer, Artificial
Fibers, Domestic and Household Chemistry and Synthetic Fibers).
They afford a central control over a whole industry. As a
result there is usually a common design wastewater treatment
plant for a particular manufacturing process, that is
identical throughout the Soviet Union. In the United States
where each company competes one with another, all develop
varying types of treatment plants based on the best thinking
of their various environmental engineering departments. There
are advantages. to both systems, but I think our plan is superior.
Namely, establish the required guidelines that must be met
but allow the manner of attaining that result to be completely
clear of the bureaucratic process. This prevents locking in
on a single design with the inherent risk of stifling the
need for better and more economical designs--a. fault that
seems to be prevalent in the Soviet Union's system. If
something new is developed, it is a monumental problem to
change because of their single design concept. On the plus
side, however, is the fact that these institutes employ in
excess of 1,000 people each, with over half being engineers
and scientists. Such large pools of talent should obviously
generate many new approaches for preliminary pilot plant work-up.
The Ministry of Chemical Industry is very interested
in continuing this technical exchange. They have come up
with a detailed proposal for the year 1976 which I have
incorporated as an appendix to the protocol. It is the
opinion of the delegation that the technical exchange should
be continued through 1976 with the Soviet Ministry of the
Chemical Industry.
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various technical subjects. One that seemed particularly
.apropos, (On The State of Water Use and Effluent Treatment
in the Manufacture of Man-Made Fibers) I am also attaching
to the report. It is indicative of the level of sophistication
that the Soviets are capable of attaining. The tables are
being translated into English but I did not wish to hold up
the trip report pending the receipt of the translations which
is usually a slow process.
In many instances, the technical expertise developed by
the institutes is not carried through at the complex.
Priorities as set up in their five year plans are binding.
A prime example of this--something which is very obvious to
the naked eye--is air pollution abatement. It has not been
given the same priority as water pollution up till this
point in time. As a result air pollution will get nominal
attention until included in a five year plan.
There is every indication that our Soviet counterparts
are still putting maximum support behind the Train/Israel
Environmental Agreement reciprocal exchange program and
that the policy makers encourage this policy. As usual detente
and cultural exchange as well as the technological programs
continue to be stressed.
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 on the visit to the USSR (15-28 June 1975) of the U.S..specia-
Approvvdlsf er Reed as .2006A 9 -ciARDD1 - 67 ~, r of pre-.
verttion of water pollution under Pro eAc
Environmental Agreement entitled "Prevention of water pollu-
tion from Industrial and Municipal Sources".
Cooperation development between the USSR and USA in the
field of environmental protection in chemical industry is being
realized in compliance with the Agreement signed in Moscow
on May 23 d. 1972 by Mr. Nikolai V.Podgorni - Chairman . of the
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Mr. Richard
Nixon - the then President of the USA.
The beginning of cooperation in the field of environmental
protection between the Ministry for Chemical industry of the
USSR (MCI) and the US organizations within the framework of the
USSR-US Joint Committee on Cooperation in the field of Environ-
mental Protection was begun with the visit of the Soviet dele-
gation to the USA (8- 18th September 1974). The Soviet delega-
tion (consisting of 4 people) headed by Mr. Konstantin K. Tche-
rednichenko - Vice-Minister for chemical industry paid a visit
to the USA in compliance with the Memorandum of the 2nd Session
of the Soviet American Commission (Nov 13 Washington, D.C.)
The delegation visited a number of industrial facilities and
scientific- research. centers of some US companies, i.e.:
American Cyanamid Company,. Colgate- Palmolive Company, Union
Carbide Corporation, Tennessee Valley Authority and FDIC Corpora-
tion where they familiarized themselves. with the methods of
treatment and control of the effluents at synthetic detergent,
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 phosphate fertilizer and synthetic fiber plants. The Dele-ation
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met with the senior.specialists of the Environmental Protection
Agency in Washington, D.C. and discussed with them the prospects
for the development of further cooperation.
The. return visit of the US delegation took place 15-28th
June 1975 in compliance with the Memorandum of the 3d Session
of the Soviet-American Commission. The US delegation consisting
of 5 people was headed by Mr. Andrew Paretti - Consultant,
Water Program Operations, Environmental Protection Agency. The
lists of the US and Soviet delegates are presented in appendices
I and, 2. In accordance with the pre-agreed program the US dele-
gation visited a number of MCI research institutes and industrial
facilities where it was introduced to various ways and means of ~...,,~
environmental protection at fertilizer, household chemistry
and chemical fiber plants. The US delegation also visited
municipal effluent (waste water) treatment plants in Moscow'
and Kalinin. These facilities treat effluents from industrial
plants including those of the chemical industry.
The program of the US delegation visits is presented
in appendix 3.
While touring various MCI facilities and establishments
and discussing envirommental protection problems with the Soviet
specialists, the US delegation was presented certain informative
literature.
On the 16th of June, 1975 the US delegation visited
the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Fertilizers
and Insecto-fungicides named after Ya.V.Samoilov (NIUIF)
and met with professor V.M.Borisov - director of the Institute
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 and a group
lea '
Approvd FoRefease ~ ~/O~A~ ~
KE)Pin-bb?99i40W80W. ifl ctn2nmen-
tal protection. The meeting and discussion was attended by
Mrs. L.N. Arkhipova (laboratory head), Mr.A.D. Mikhailin
(head of the department), Mr. V.V. Ivanov (group leader),
Mrs. Y.D. Troitskaya (group leader) and Mrs,. L.G. Pominova
(senior engineer).'
In the course of the meeting prof. Borisov familiarized
the US specialists with the works carried out in the Institute
in the field of environmental protection, The following problems
were discussed:
1) Recovery of fluorine gases when producing wet process
phosphoric acid and NPK fertilizers at the Soviet and US indu-
strial facilities. It was established after exchange of opinions
that fluorine was recovered at the Soviet as well as at the US
production facilities by sodium or calcium alkaline solutions
resulting in fluorides of these salts., Venturi, tubes and wet
scrubbers are used as absorbers in the USSR as well as in the
USA.
2) Phospho- gypsum by-products when producing phosphate;
fertilizers.
This problem has not been solved so far in the USSR and
USA. Economic methods of phospho-gypsum conversion into sulfuric
acid and construction materials have not beendeveloped. At the
present time this product is stored in specially allocated
areas. Phospho-gypsum storage during long periods of the time
causes environmental pollution (soil salinization and dusting).
3) Sulfur dioxide recovery from waste gases at sulfuric
acid production facilities.
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 b$Or09e/1 i: L'lA-Rbgffib ` $ Bi086?66 i1on.
q ApprovedeFor tetease 2
Messrs. Mogilevsky and Finger made special presentations
on environmental protection and development of various methods
and equipment for effluent (waste water) treatment. The US
specialists visited section 1 of the experimental production
facility and familiarized themselves with the experimental-ma-
nufacture at a textile rayon filament, they also visited an
environmental protection exhibition and the Institute computer
center. Both sides noted the usefulness of the discussion and
expediency of further development of the contacts.
.On the 18th of June 1975 the US delegation visited in
Kiev the All-Union Scientific-Research and Design Institute
of household Chemistry (VNIIKHIMPROYEKT). The meeting and dis-
cussion were attended by Mr. G.G.Poturidis- chief engineer of
the Institute, mr. B.P. Kotelnikov - deputy director for research,
mr. O.I.Lavrentyev- head of sanitary engineering department,
mr. A.A.Tchumak - head of technology department, mr. A.P.Shev-
chenko - head of a foreign relations section, mrs. R.S.Svetlova -
head of laboratory for effluents (waste waters) and gas dischar-
ges of Tula branch of the Institute and mr. V.N-. Maltsev -
raw material laboratory head.
Environmental protection problems pertaining to the manu-
facture at synthetic detergents were discussed during the mee-
ting, particularly new scientific - research trends aimed at
polyphosphate replacement in detergent powders and electrostatic
field application for cleaning gas discharges. The US specialists
were taken round the Institute R & D laboratories for po W--
dered, paste and liquid detergents. During the meeting the
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 US A#*%&*tr1I r Rste 2OaO1 `1C C A44D9a$9A8~7 A08 0( (3 ~2-
mental protection pertaining to detergent production.
On the 19th of June 1975 the US delegation visited a
leading production establishment of the Ukrainian hon?a-.o
hold chemistry, industrial corporation "Ukrbitkhim".
The meeting was attended by Yu.F.Osadchi - director
general, mr. E.E. Vetsker - deputy director general, mr. N.A.
Masmokov - deputy chief engineer, mr. V.V. Korotum -production
department head, mr. G.T. Vishnevsky - chief technologists
At the meeting the director general described the Corpo-
ration activity, the products made by the latter and the actions
taken in the field of environmental protection at the complexes
and plants of the Corporation. The US delegation visited package
making sections, filling section (for liquid detergents, hair
lacquer), storage facility and an instrumentation shop.
On the 20th of June 1975 the US delegation visited Kiev
chemical fiber complex and familiarized themselves with various
measures taken in the field of environmental protection.
The meeting was attended by mr. A.I.Maltchevsky - the
complex director, mr. J.N. Zagrekov - deputy chief of the techno-
logy department, mrs. L.K.Tchirikina - head of scientific -
technical information department.
Mr. A.I. Maltchevsky described the range of products
made by the complex and the complex activity on environmental
protection. The US specialists visited carbon disulfide recovery
plant and toured round effluent (waste water) treatment com-
plex under construction comprising mechanical - chemical cleaning
of acid, alkaline, rayon and slime (slurry) effluents. They
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~ .r
 and the plant for capro-
1/?zee Ve4f 'Ayya 40994 a/j4~a$Ab T%00712P 9??$R?Tq$gt act am
.waste water, at caprolactam filament and fiber production fa-
cilities.
On the 23d of-June 1975 the US delegates visited Almalyk
fertilizer plant.
The meeting was attendhd by mr. K.G. S adikov - plant
director and by U.S. Tadzhiyev -- deputy director. Mr. K.G.Sadikov
gave information on the range of chemicals produced by the,
plant and the various measures adopted in the field of environ-
mental protection. The US specialists saw the vent gas and
dust purification plant (scrubbers, venturi apparatus, cyclones).
The closed-circuit water recycle.system'with the reuse of
treated and clarified effluents put on streamt the complex
for the first time in wet process phosphoric acid and ammonium
phosphate production processesc-, caused the interest of the US
specialists and was highly appraised by them.
The effluent treatment plant operation along with the reuse
of clarified waste waters in a closed-circuited recycle system
has shown that wide application of this method. at phosphatO._:
fertilizer plants will make it possible to get rid of contamina-
ted water discharges.
On the 25th of June 1975 the US delegation visited the
All-Union Research Institute of Synthetic Fibers (VNIISV) in
Kalinin and inspected the municipal effluent (waste water)
treatment. plants. These facilities treat effluents from indu-
strial plants including those of Kalinin complex of chemical
fibers. The delegation was received in the Institute by
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 IMr Ap w 1 i 1 44ase 2?AA /M:pc#ACRDM-OO 98AO @M7Ot 2e
of the Institute activity, structure.and principle scientific
trends.
The meeting.was attended by mr. Kvasha - head of labor
protection department, mr. L.P. Slavgorodsky - head of toxico-
logy laboratory, mr. A.T. Kotlovoi - head of the section for
vent exchaust purification who briefly described principal
achievements at the Institute in the field of environmental
protection.
On the 26th of June 1975 the US delegates visited the
Kuryanov aeration station establishment-one of the complexes
of the Moscow sewerage and waste.water treatment system. Mr.
S.J. Bikov - head of the establishment familiarized the US
specialists with the waste water treatment and precipitate
(residue) processing flowsheets. The delegation examined mecha-
nical and biological purification plants as well as an experimen-
tal plant for the precipitate (residue) vacuum filtration and
thermal drying.
During the meetings and discussions both sides were plea-
sed to note the expediency of joint efforts when solving common
problems facing chemical industries at the both countries in the
field of environmental protection.
A copy of the proposal to the draft program of scientific-
technical cooperation in the field of enviromental protection
between the USSR and USA for 1976 within framework of the. US-
USSR'Joint Committee on Cooperation in the Field of Environmental ?~-~
Protection is attached as Appendix 4.
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 This proposal will be considered and reviewed upon the
re to a Ppoovpd F r Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798AO00800070001-2 the S delegation to the United States. In addition
the specific U.S. corporations referred to in the proposal will
be contacted, The Environmental Protection Agency will solicit
their interest and desires pertaining to the 1976 proposal of
the Ministry of the Chemical Industry. The U.S. delegation sup-
ports the proposal in principle and feels'that our respective
chemical industries can engage in a mutually advantageous conti-
nuing exchange of waste water treatment and management technology.
It is expected that a firm proposal for 1976 will be available
for review at the fourth session of the Joint US-USSR Commission
to be held in Washington D.C. during October 1975.
The both sides have agreed to exchange proposals on expan-
ding environmental protection cooperation with regard to the
other branches of chemical industry.
The both sides note that all the formal and informal mee-
tings and discussions were held in a friendly atmosphere and
were aimed at further broadening and strengthening of contacts.
As part of this official memorandum, the chairman of the
American delegation would like to acknowledge the outstanding,
courtesies afforded by our Soviet escorts.
The Memorandum is signed on June, 27, 1975 in Moscow in
Russian and English with both texts of the same validity.
On behalf of the delegation Chair r an-- of the US
of f:hP 1'.Ti n i c+r+zr (`.. r1 '
1.llu U.; ~L?y us tine Ub,it{
Konstantin K.Cherednichenko
Vice- Minister
Consultant Water Program
ecLGGy Operations,
EPA
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 Approved For efeasel~~0d/~9~' V1cTX- A 00800070001-2
JUNE 15 - JUNE 28, 1975
TOUR OF THE MINISTRY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY - UNDER THE
WORKING GROUP FOR THE PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION FROM
INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOURCES
Andrew Paretti
Head of Delegation
,EPA , Water Program Operations
1209 East Tower, Waterside Mall
Washington, D.C. 20460
202-426-$986
Mr. Preston P. Lee
Manager, Enviromental Protection Engineering
Colgate-Palmolive Co.
8 Forest Road
Madison, New Jersey 07940
201-HE-4-1300
Mr. Heil Elphick
Director, Environmental Planning
FMC Corporation
I Lantern Lane
Darien, Connecticut 06820
201-687-7400 Extention 294
Mr. R.L. Langerhans
Environmental Systems Dept.
Union Carbide Corp.
Old Saw Mill River Road
Tarrytown, New York 10591
914-345-3440
Dr. Charles P. Priesing
Director, Environmental Protection Dept.
American'Cyanamid Company
8 William Street
PequannocY, New Jersey 07440
201-831-1234
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 DELEGATION
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of the specialists of Ministry for chemical
industry (MCI)
1. Mr.Konstantin K-Tcherednichenko - Leader of the delegation
2. Mr.Vladimir F.Rostunov
3. Mr.Nikolai F. Volkov
4. Mr.Victor M.Milakov
5. Mr.Nikolai V.Snetkov
6. Mr.Andrei M.Aleshin
7. Mrs.Lyudmila F.Mokina
8.' Dr'.Dmitri S.Gorbenko-Germanov
Prof. Vasili _M.Borisov
10. Mr. Ivan G.Shimko
11. Mr.Ivan M.Tanchenko
12. Prof. Alexander S.Tchegolya
13. Mr..Yu,N.Sapov
Vice-Minister of the
chemical industry
- Head of Science and
Technology Directorate
(MCI)
- Deputy Head of the Foro.igh
Relations Directorate
(MCI)
- Head of the Directorate
(MCI)
- Deputy Head of the Directo-
rate (MCI)
- Department manager,
Science and Technology
Directorate
- Head of Environmental
protection Laboratory (MCI)
Director of NPK Research
Institute
-- Director of the Institute
of Artificial Fibers
- Director of Research and"
Desi n Institute of Domes-
tic (Household) chemistry
plants
- Director of Scientitic
Research Institute of
Synthetic Fibers
- Chief Engineer of Leningrad
Research and Design Insti-
L -- I-
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of the stay in the USSR of the US specialists
on water effluent treatment in chemical plants
Period of stay: from 15 to 28 . June 1975
Number of specialists: 5
Date and time
15th June
2nd day
16th June
3d day
10 a m
13-00
1 }-00
19-00
17th June
4th day
10 a m
13-00
14-00
15-30
21-25
18th June
5th day
9 a m
Program description
Landing at Sheremetyevo airport
Trip to Moscow and accomodation in
the hotel
Visit to NPK fertilizer scientific
research institute and exchange of
information on environmental protec-
tion when making mineral fertilizers
Break for lunch
Meeting with Mr.Konstantin K.Tchered-
nichenko - Vice-Minister of the
chemical industry
Visit to the Moscow theatre
Visit to Scientific Research Institute
of Artificial Fibers
Meeting with the Institute director,
familiarizing with institute activities
and information exchange on environ-
mental protection when making artifi-
cial fibers
Break for lunch
Visit to the Institute computer
center, library and the "Nature_pro-
tection" Museum
Discussion of technical and scientific
cooperation in the field of environ-
mental protection
Departure to Kiev by train
Arrival in Kiev, meeting at the station
and hotel accomodation
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12-.00
15-00
16-00
Visit to Scientific Research and Design
Institute of Domestic and Household
Chemistry ,y
Meeting with the Institute director, famili~
rizing with the Institute activities and
discussion on environmental protection
when making household chemistry products
Break for lunch
Visit to the Institute laboratories engaged
in making synthetic detergents for Varions
applications
19-00 Visit to the Kiev Theatre
'19th June Visit to domestic and household chemistry
6 th day headquarters
15--00
16-00
20th June
7 th day
10 a m
15-00
22-25
21 th June
8th day
11 a m
15-00
22-00
22nd June
.9 th day
1 2
Meeting with the director-general of the
corporation, visit to the industrial facili-
ties of the Kiev domestic and household
chemistry factory
Break for lunch
Kiev sightseeing
Visit to Kiev chemical fiber complex.
Meeting with the complex director, visit to
water treatment, gas purification and
caprolactam recovery facilities
Break for Lunch
Departure by train to Moscow
Arrival in Moscow
Take-off for Tashkent from Domodedovo
airport
Landing at Tachkent airport and hotel
accomodation
Trip to Samarkand
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 23d June
10 th day
10 a m
14-00
16-00
24th June
11 th day
9.58 a m
14-00
.25th June
12th day
10 a m
14-00
17-00
26;th June
13 th day
10 a m
27th June
14 th day
10 a m
17-00
28th June
15 th day
Trip to Almalyk Fertilizer plant
Meeting with the plant director, visit to
theoxtraction, fluorine containing gases.
.and acid effluent treatment facilities.
Break for lunch
Return to Tashkent
Take-off from Tashkent for Moscow
Landing at the Moscow airport, hotel
accomodation
Visit to Kalinin
Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic
Fibers, meeting with the Institute director,
Tour round the laboratories and experimen-
tal plant
Break for lunch
Visit to the Kalinin municipal effluent
treatment plant
Visit to the Moscow municipal effluent
treatment plant
Final meeting with 14r.Konstantin K.Tcheredni-
Chenko - Vice-Minister of the chemical
industry, discussion concerning the results
of the visits to the MCI establishments and
prospects of the future cooperation develop-
ment
Reception in honour of the American delega-
tion
Take-off for the USA from Sheremetyevo
airport
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 Approved For Release 2
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 On Else smat,e of Watet. Lisa and
Approved For Releas?pQ{Q~,4~-..qaI i .tie "0'00800070001-2
Menufactru,e of Man-Made Fibers
0.P'.Vasiljeva )
The enl.erIuA.rios of our branch of industry in the
rnajorit:y of cases plants for the manufacture u.C .all n-made
fibers. They combine' the synthesis of polymer, souiotirues
it is proceeded by the synthesis of monomer, the produc-
tion and partial processing of the fiber, solvent regenera-
tion, liquid and solid wastes processing.
The effluents from all industrial plants are subjected
to the whole complex of biological treatment separately or
:simultaneously with the domestic or other kinds of effluents.
In the USSR 4 types of water is employed in the produc-
tion of man-made fibers including river (filtered), softened,
demineralized and drinking water. The river filtered water
is generally used for those operations where water doesn't
come into contact with raw materials, intermediate products
(for example, to cool the apparatus through the walls), the
softened water and deminerajized one are used directly in
the production process, chemical reactions (for the solvent
preparation, finished fiber washing, etc.).
Rates of water rase and standards for water quality are
given in tables (1-2).
To prepare water for the production use the following
processes are employed in the USSRs
1. Filtration with the help of sand and gran 1 filters,
sometimes using organic and inorganic coagulators
and flocculants to produce primary water;
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798A000800070001-2'
 Q W t,e.t~ 1 is
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(~s.t 110111.0-saki carbon, KU-2).33) Du111.i.1eralization. of water using cal:ionite_anionite fiia
tars or distillation to produce demineralizes water.
In the Soviet Union water reuse is of wide application
at moan-made fiber plants. F irstly, all. the water employed
for cooling apparatus through the walls io in the return
systems. of water supplyfl which are equipped with the cooling
towers. Secondly, the. water which comes into contact with
the chemical reaction producte is generally reused in the
technological processes until the amounts of impurities in
it are attained corresponding to the calculated concentra-
tions. Such systems are normally related to the recovery
of the products coming to water on attaining the above
concentrations in the water at the plants for vacuum
evaporations extraction, etc.
The' standards for water quality in the return systems
of water supply are given in table 3. The standards for
reused water quality employed directly in the production
process in each particular case are determined by the
technological conditions.
In.the last few years at some enterprises the water
supply system is employed wherein the treated effluents
are used subjected to after-treatment in the biological
ponds and inorganic coagulators treatment followed by filtra-
tion.
In the USSR the effluent treatment at man-made fiber
plants is.generally afforded by the complex of units for
biological treatment (capacity 50-000-150-000 m3/day),
including 3 stepss mechanical treatment on the grids, sand
traps and in the settling tanks.(1-st step.). 2-nd step-
biochemical treatment in the air tanks and the 3-rd -
disinfection by means of chlorination. At some plants the
above effluents are subjected to the after - treatment in
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798A000800070001-2
 App r'I dJ.?? Q9ie1t W09M*: CbP'RDPTWW7WAQVO8OOOAOW44
of treatment, corresponding to data given in Table 4.
In the W3SRR the development of water auppl y system and
water disposal system with maximum water return has become
a problem of l oday due to the exhaustion of selfpurifica-
tion of some water basin:;. The above problem is to work for,:'
our branch of industry too.
In the light of recent requirements in VNIISV and
GIFROIV the complex system for the effluent treatment
with maximum water return is being developed in relation
to the polyamide fibers# the production process of which
.is characterized by the large amounts of water consumption.
Later on this kind of work will extend to the fiber of
different types.
Concurient with the widely accepted in our branch of
industry biological method of treatment, the above complex
systems will also include the mechanico-chemical methods
of effluent treatment. The methods are as follows: pressure
floatation and filtration on the filter element from
nonwoven materials intended for removing lubricant com--
.posents from the effluents; ion exc.ange and back osmosis
for demineralization; ozonization intended for oxidation
of the small amounts of organic substances in the
effluents and other methods which are at the stage of
promotion.
In addition to the methods of treatment the works
directed to the development of endorheic production
plants will necessarily include the technological aspects,
i.e. development and improvement of such production
processes, which decrease or completely exclude the
formation of effluents. The above works are oarried, out
with.success in VNIIBV and at the plants and are expected
to extend.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798AQ00800070001-2
 Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798A0008%0070001-2
We are informed that simi:I. :x problems are currently
central in your country too. We believe that wide exchange
of information and cooperation of our countries will
assist in advantageous solving the problem of nature
protection from the industrial sewage water.
Approved For Release 2000/09/14: CIA-RDP79-00798A000800070001-2
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