DIFFRACTION GRATINGS OF DIRECT IMAGE VIEWER FINAL REPORT PHASE II TRIAL #1(Sanitized)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78B04747A001700010013-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 25, 2001
• Sequence Number: 13
• Content Type: REPORT

DIFFRACTION GRATINGS FOR DIRECT
[MAGE VIEWER
Final Report Phase II Trial #1
STATOTHR
Approved For Release 2001/05/11 : CIA-RDP78604747A001700010013-9
DIFFRACTION GRATINGS
for
DIRECT IMAGE VIEWER
Report on Phase II
Trial #1
STATOTHR
Declass Review by NIMA/DOD
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tinerV
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1.0 The Diamond Tool
A fixture was designed and built for generating the
short radius diamond tools required. (Photo included).
Two diamond tools were made and were checked for radius
and true arc, using a microscope with eyepiece scales
specially made for this purpose. Each tool has two
edges, and the four possible radii were measured and
found to be in the range of 76 to 93 microns.
2.0 The Ruling Set Up
Several grating blanks were suitably coated with
aluminum and all in the same run. Test grooves and
test areas were ruled under various conditions of
tool orientation and loading. Ruling and overruling
was performed with various ruling depths for each
pass.
2.1 Set Up Control
An interference microscope was used visually and
photographically to find the best combination of
tool orientation and loading, and to find the best
combination of tool loadings for double ruling. Three
micro-interferograms were measured for precise groove
shape and the result plotted graphically. The first
was of a single groove and was used to check the
groove contour without the cross effects of adjacent
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grooves. The second was of adjacent grooves fully
ruled in one pass, and clearly shows the unsymmetrical
distortion caused by adjacent ruling, The third was
of adjacent grooves ruled in two passes, and shows the
considerable improvement in groove contour obtained
by double ruling. Interferograms and graphs are
included in this report.
3.0 Ruling and Replication
STATOTHR
A master ruling was made, using the
double ruling technique. The ruled area is 53 x 53mm
and on a 58 x 58mm blank. Two transmission replicas
of this ruling were made on blanks 58 x 58 x 10mm.
The blank material is fine annealed BSC-2 glass.
4.0 Grating_ Tests
The distribution of energy among the orders of the
transmission replicas was measured, and for six dis-
crete wavelengths in steps of 10m, between 500 and
and 550 m?. The results were plotted on a bar graph.
4.1 Test 4.0 was simulated numerically and computed,
assuming a theoretically correct groove shape.
Results were plotted on a bar graph for comparison
to 4.0.
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4.2 Test 4.0 was simulated numerically and computed using
the actual groove contour as plotted graphically from
a micro-interferogram. The first computation was
found to be inadequate in that the cubic least square
fit used in deriving the groove shape coordinates was
not close enough to the actual contour.
4.2.1 It thus became necessary to read manually 100 coordi-
nates from the plotted groove contour, in order to
derive computed energy distribution that could be
compared in a meaningful way with the actual energy
distribution. The time required to go through this
additional work made it impossible to include the
result in this report.
5.0 Test Results
The micro-interferograms have effective magnifica-
tions of 1050x across the groove and 14,500x for the
depth of the groove. As plotted graphically, the
magnification is approximately 10,000X and 100,000X
respectively. The graphs also include a curve which
is a true arc calculated from the measured width and
depth of the groove. The departure of the groove pro-
file from the true arc is 0.05 microns for a single
groove, 0.26 microns for single ruled adjacent grooves,
and 0.087-microns (3.4 micro inches) for double
ruled adjacent grooves. The great advantage of
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double ruling is thus graphically illustrated.
5.1 The measured energy distribution among the orders for
transmission grating #970 was examined for variation
of the important ratios between them. For discrete
wavelengths, 520m? is the best choice with an overall
maximum ratio of 6.4 to 1, between lowest and highest
order, and 3.1 to 1, the greatest ratio between adjacent
orders. However, when the entire wavelength region,
500 to 550m?, is integrated and at the same time
modified by the energy curve for a tungsten source and
the spectral response of the eye, the overall effec-
tive ratio becomes 4.7 to 1, and 2.9 to 1 for adjacent
orders. This comes fairly close to meeting the require-
ments of this grating.
5.1.1 It is quite evident from these graphs that even
relatively small changes in wavelength have con-
siderable influence on the nature of energy distri-
bution amongst orders. One can also see that a suitable
mixture or range of wavelengths, rather than a single
narrow band, is capable of improving the uniform energy
distribution problem.
5.2 By way of comparison, and for discrete wavelengths,
the choice of wavelength for a theoretically perfect
groove shape is also 520m?, in which case the maximum
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overall intensity ratio is 1.9 to 1, and 1.7 to 1
for adjacent orders, This proves that the effect
of wavelength, first noted experimentally, is con-
firmed by theory.
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6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
The test rulings herein described approach the
theoretical distribution of energy, and should provide
the means to some useful visual experiments that will
tell how good the energy distribution has to be.
More meaningful specifications can then be written.
We can now see our way to three (3) possible ways of
improving on the present test ruling. The first would
be to triple rule instead of double rule. However,
this would only lead us a little closer to the theo-
retical distribution, which at present appears to be
barely acceptable.
The second way would be to alternate the ruling. We
would rule every other groove and then rerule to fill
in the spaces. This would lead to symmetrical grooves,
but probably alternate grooves would differ in actual
shape even if we were to double rule the alternate
ruling. And again, we would only be approaching the
uneven theoretical distribution of energy in the
orders except with somewhat improved symmetry.
The third way would be to rule grooves twice as large.
We would then have two orders everywhere we now have
one order. This overlapping of orders should average
the energy in the orders in use, namely, every other
order. This third method seems the most promising to
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us in that we would be improving on the theoretical
possibilities rather than merely trying to approach
a less than perfect theoretical solution. On the
negative side, the third method does introduce new
problems. We would have to form grooves twice as
large, necessitating reforming of much more material.
Also, we should go back to Phase I type computation
first to prove the theory of the energy distribution
in the overlapping orders. Since the tool radius
required will be roughly twice as large, a new set
of tools will have to be made introducing a delay
of one month. Nevertheless, it appears that Method 3
is the one most worthwhile to follow in Phase lib
of this project.
The following are appended to this report:
1. Photograph of diamond tool generating fixture
2. Micro-interferograms of groove profile
3. Graphs plotted from micro-interferograms
/1., Bar Graph-Measured order intensities for discrete
wavelengths
5. Bar Graph-Calculated order intensities for discrete
wavelengths
6. Bar Graph-Relative order intensity for given source,
receiver and band pass, derived from measured
intensities.
7. Bar Graph-Calculated order intensities for discrete
wavelengths derived from measured groove contour
(Fig. 2).
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Diamond Lapping Fixture
For generating short radius tools
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Approved For Release 2001/05/11 : CIA-RDP78604747A001700010013-9
Micro-Interferogramls of groove contour
Magnification: 1050X Fori7ontal
14500X Depth
Micro-Interferogram of a single
groove. 7 1/2 fringes (in oil)
deep and 33.4 microns wide.
Micro -Interferopram of two
adjacent grooves ruled in one
pass. 10 fringes (in oil)
deep and 36.2 ocrons wide
Micro-Interferograrr of tw
cent grooves ruled in two
9 fringes (in oil) deep a
microns wide.
adja
'passes.
nd 36.2
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CONTRACT
. DATA PLOTTED FROM MICRO-INTERFEROGRAMS
SOLID LINE - Radius calculated from
width & depth of groove.
DASH LINE - Measured groove contour
for leading side of groove.
'DOTTED LINE Measured groove contour
for trailing side of groove.
Ruling:
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Approved For Release 2001/05/11 CIA-RDP78B04747A0017000100/4-9
10 /2
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ease 2001/05/11 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001700
CONTRACT
. DATA PLOTTED FROM MICRO-INTERFEROGRAMS
SOLID LINE - Radius calculated from
width & depth of groove.
DASH LINE - Measured groove contour
for leading side of groove.
'DOTTED LINE Measured groove contour
for trailing side of groove.
Ruling:
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Approved For Release 2001/05/11 CIA-RDP78B04747A0017000100/4-9
10 /2
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ease 2001/05/11 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001700
CONTRACT
. DATA PLOTTED FROM MICRO-INTERFEROGRAMS
SOLID LINE - Radius calculated from
width & depth of groove.
DASH LINE - Measured groove contour
for leading side of groove.
'DOTTED LINE Measured groove contour
for trailing side of groove.
Ruling:
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Approved For Release 2001/05/11 CIA-RDP78B04747A0017000100/4-9
10 /2
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ease 2001/05/11 : CIA-RDP78B04747A001700
CONTRACT
. DATA PLOTTED FROM MICRO-INTERFEROGRAMS
SOLID LINE - Radius calculated from
width & depth of groove.
DASH LINE - Measured groove contour
for leading side of groove.
'DOTTED LINE Measured groove contour
for trailing side of groove.
Ruling:
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mourpopp imo
cisismidffidi llm
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