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INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM (IIS)
PART I - SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Vol. 2 - System Design Description
NOVEMBER 15,196 7
Prepared for
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
First Report of Task Order No. 17
DECLASS REVIEW by NIMA/DOD
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INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM (IIS)
PART I - SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
VOLUME 2 - SYSTEM DESIGN DESCRIPTION
Prepared for
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
First Report of Task Order No. 17
November 15, 1967
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Scope 1
1.2 Organization 1
2. SYSTEM INTERFACES 5
2.1 System Inputs 5
2.1.1 Inputs from External Sources 5
2.1.2 Internally Generated System Inputs 11
2.2 System Outputs 13
2.2.1 Textual Outputs 13
2.2.2 Graphic Outputs 19
3. INFORMATION FLOW 21
3.1 Immediate Reporting 23
3.1.1 Pre-Readout Activity 23
3.1.2 Phase I Readout 41
3.1.3 Phase II Readout 48
3.1.4 Data Entry and Approval - Immediate Reports 57
3.1.5 Cables 71
3.1.6 Briefing Board Generation 78
3.1.7 Computer-to-Computer Link 83
3.1.8 First and Second Phase Report Production 83
3.2 Detailed Reporting 102
3.2.1 Basic Intelligence Readout 102
3.2.2 Data Entry and Approval - Basic Reports 110
3.2.3 Basic Intelligence Report Production 110
3.3 Data Base Activities 127
3.3.1 Data Base Maintenance 127
3.3.2 Query Handling 127
3.3.3 Processing of Field Reports 148
3.4 Supplementary Activities 164
3.4.1 Film Distribution 164
3.4.2 Film Library Maintenance 164
3.4.3 Maintain Mensuration Parameters File (MPF). . 176
3.4.4 Provide Mensuration Assistance 182
3.4.5 Exploitation Products Data File (EPDF) 191
3.4.6 CSD New Target Initiation 196
4. INTERNAL INTERFACES 207
4.1 Major Interfaces 207
4.1.1 PI Presentation 207
4.1.2 PI Worksheet 211
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Section
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
Interface Summary
4.2.1 System Interfaces
4.2.2 Activity Interfaces
CONFIGURATION
12f_g_t
216
217
217
221
4.2
5. SYSTEM
5.1
Hardware
222
5.1.1
Computer Complex
222
5.1.2
Storage Media
225
5.1.3
Remote Man/Machine Interface Devices
227
5.2
Computer Programs
233
5.2.1
Functional Definitions
233
5.2.2
IIS Software Capabilities
237
5.2.3
IIS Language
239
5.2.4
Other IIS Programs
257
5.2.5
Operational Environment
262
5.3
Files
263
5.3.1
National Data Base Files (NDBF)
-263
5.3.2
Permanent Internal Files
289
5.3.3
File Structure
289
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LIST OF TABLES
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Table
Individual Target Reports - Computer Link Content
Individual Target Reports - Cable Content
Content-First Phase Report and Supplement
Basic Intelligence Support Exploitation Report Content ?
(Brief Format)
Basic Intelligence Support Exploitation Report
(Multi-page Format)
?
Page
I
II
III
IV
V
14
15
16
17
18
VI
Frame Ephemeris Content
18
VII
Equipment Utilization During Pre-Readout Activities
42
VIII
File Requirements for Pre-Readout Activities
43
IX
Equipment Utilization During Phase I Readout
49
X
Equipment Utilization During Phase II Readout
58
XI
Equipment Utilization for Data Entry and Approval -
Immediate Reports
72
XII
File Requirements for Data Entry and Approval -
Immediate Reports
73
XIII
File Requirements for Cable Text Preparation
79
XIV
Equipment Utilization for Briefing Board Preparation ? ? ?
?
84
XV
File Requirements for Briefing Board Preparation
85
XVI
File Requirements for Computer-to-Computer Link Operation.
90
XVII
Equipment Utilization for First and Second Phase Report
Production
100
XVIII
File Requirements for First and Second Phase Report
Production
101
XIX
Equipment Utilization During Basic Intelligence Readout. .
109
XX
Equipment Utilization During Entry and Approval of Basic
Reports
117
XXI
File Requirements for Data Entry and Approval -
Basic Reports
118
XXII
Equipment Utilization for Basic Intelligence Report
Production
125
XXIII
File Requirements for Basic Intelligence Report Production
126
XXIV
Equipment Utilization for Data Base Maintenance
135
XXV
File Requirements for Data Base Maintenance
136
XXVI
Equipment Utilization for Query Handling
149
XXVII
File Requirements for Query Handling
150
XXVIII
Equipment Utilization in the Processing of Field Reports
162
XXIX
File Requirements for Processing of Field Reports
163
XXX
Equipment Utilization During Film Distribution
170
XXXI
File Requirements for Film Distribution
171
XXXII
Equipment Utilization During Film Library Maintenance. ? ?
177
XXXIII
File Requirements for Film Library Maintenance
178
XXXIV
File Requirements for Maintenance of the MPF
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Table
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd.)
Equipment Utilization for Mensuration Assistance
File Requirements for Mensuration Assistance
Equipment Utilization for Maintenance of the Exploitation
Products Data File
Page
XXXV
XXXVI
XXXVII
190
192
194
XXXVIII
File Requirements for Exploitation Products Data
File Generation
195
XXXIX
Equipment Utilization During CSD New Target Initiation.
204
XL
System Inputs and Outputs by Activities
218
XLI
Activity Interface Matrix
220
XLII
Equipment Installation and Utilization
224
XLIII
IIS Man/Machine Interface Devices
228
XLIV
Activities Requiring Specific Computer Programs
238
XLV
Query Language Terms
243
XLVI
Statement List for Presentation Language
255
XLVII
IIS Files
264
XLVIII
Installations Data File (IDF)
269
XLIX
Mobile Targets File (MTF)
274
L
Objects Data File (ODF)
278
LI
KH-4 Frame Ephemeris
280
LII
KH-7 MCD
281
LIII
INS Ephemeris Data
283
LIV
Mensuration Parameters File (MPF) . . . .......
287
LV
Exploitation Products Data File (EPDF). ? G OOOOOO
I
?
290
LVI
Target Unit Record Sectors
292
a
LVII
Typical TIR
294
LVIII
Unique Term Indexes
297
LIX
Broad Term Indexes
298
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Figure
LIST OF FIGURES
Design Procedure
Inter-Activity Relationships
1.1 Pre-Readout Activity
1.1.1 Determine Coverage Rectangle
1.1.2 Coverage Prediction
1.1.3 Sort Phase I and Phase II Targets
Pag&.
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
22
24
27
28
29
7
1.1.4 Maintain PI Map File
30
8
1.1.5 Compute Expected Team Workloads
31
9
1.1.6 Assign Targets to PI's
32
10
1.1.7 Coordinate Prediction
33
11
1.1.8 Target/Can Number Match
34
12
1.1.9 Sort List By Pass Coordinate Order
35
13
1.1.10 Generate Status List
36
14
1.1.11 Print PI Presentation Sheets
37
15
1.1.12 Film Can Assignment
38
16
1.1.13 Prepare Update Data
39
17
1.2 Phase I Readout
44
18
1.2.1 PI Readout (Installations Data)
46
19
1.2.2 Team Captain Coordination and Approval
47
20
1.3 Phase II Readout
50
21
1.3.1 PI Area Scan and Target Readout
53
22
1.3.2 Preliminary Action in Tactical Film Readout. ? ? .
54
23
1.3.3 Detailed Readout of Tactical Targets
55
24
1.3.4 Team Captain Coordination and Approval
56
25
1.4 Data Entry and Approval-Immediate Reports
59
26
1.4.1 Add Target to Queue List
61
27
1.4.2 Enter Readout in Working File and Change Status. .
62
28
1.4.3 Insert Information (If Required)
63
29
1.4.4 Verify Displayed Readout
64
30
1.4.5 Edit Verified Readout
67
31
1.4.6 Approve Edited Readout
68
32
1.4.7 Select Data for Data Base
70
33
1.5 Cable Text
75
34
1.5.1 Extract Cable Text
76
35
1.5.2 Produce Verification Copy
77
36
1.6 Briefing Board Generation
80
37
1.6.1 Decision to Produce Briefing Boards
81
BIS
38
1.6.2 Generate Text and Notes/Select Graphics
82
39
1.7 Computer-to-Computer Link Operation
86
40
1.7.1 Select Material For Data Link Transfer
87
41
1.7.2 Format Data for Data Link Output
88
42
1.7.3 Prepare for Transmission
89
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LIST OF FIGURES (coned)
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1.8 First and Second Phase Report Production
1.8.1 Sort Status List into Report Order
1.8.2 Extract Sterile Targets
Page
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44
45
92
93
94
46
1.8.3 Generate Index (If Required)
95
47
1.8.4 Assemble Text
96
48
1.8.5 Edit Text
97
49
1.8.6 Prepare Mats for PSD (If Required)
98
50
1.8.7 Assemble Cable Version
99
51
2.1 Basic Intelligence (Phase III) Readout
103
52
2.1.1 Scheduling As A Basic Report Requirement . . . .
105
53
2.1.2 PI Readout and Drafting of Report or Update. . .
106
54
2.1.3 Team Captain Coordination and Approval
108
55
2.2 Data Entry and Approval - Basic Reports
111
56
2.2.1 Create Basic Report Working File
112
57
2.2.2 Verify Entered Material
113
58
2.2.3 Edit Verified Material
114
59
2.2.4 Approve Edited Material
115
60
2.2.5 Select Material for Data Base
116
61
2.3 Basic Intelligence Report Production
119
62
2.3.1 Change Selective Sections of Report
120
63
2.3.2 Prepare Proof Copy of Text . . . . . ..
121
64
2.3.3 Final Review
122
65
2.3.4 Prepare Mats and Store Report Text
123
66
3.1 Data Base Maintenance.
128
67
3.1.1 Convert to Machine Readable Form
129
68
3.1.2 Determine Maintenance Function
130
69
3.1.3 Create File
131
70
3.1.4 Add Data for File
132
71
3.1.5 Delete Data
133
72
3.1.6 Modify Index (If Required)
134
73
3.2 Query Handling
137
74
3.2.1 User Formulates Query to PIC/or Ext. Coins Query
138
75
3.2.2 Key In Query
139
76
3.2.3 Decode Query
140
77
3.2.4 Retrieve Required Information
141
78
3.2.5 Display to User
146
79
3.2.6 Route to COINS Switch
147
80
3.3 Processing of Field Reports
151
81
3.3.1 Select Reports for Data Base Update
152
82
3.3.2 Convert Description to Machine Readable Form
153
83
3.3.3 Examine Report for Conflict with Data Base .
154
84
3.3.4 Determine if Target is in National Data Base
155
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LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd)
Figure
3.3.5 Examine for Credibility
3.3.6 Determine Reason for Conflict
3.3.7 Tag All Conflicting Reports
3.3.8 Select Targets of Tactical Interest
3.3.9 Format for Data Base
Page_
85
86
87
88
89
156
157
158
159
160
90
4.1 Film Distribution
165
91
4.1.1 Count Film Cans and Transcribe Tactical Data . ?
166
92
4.1.2 Assign Can Registry Numbers
167
93
4.1.3 Affix Film Registry Numbers to Film Cans ? . ?
168
94
4.1.4 Distribute Film to Assigned PI Teams and TID .
169
95
4.2 Film Library Maintenance
172
96
4.2.1 Determine Film Can Disposition
173
97
4.2.2 Store Film Cans
174
98
4.2.3 Sign Out Film
175
99
4.3 Maintenance of the MPF
179
100
4.3.1 Process Inputs
180
101
4.3.2 Format for MPF
181
102
4.4 Mensuration Support
184
103
4.4.1 Determine Film Requirements
185
104
4.4.2 Extract Data From MPF
186
105
4.4.3 Measure Points
187
106
4.4.4 Provide Mensuration Computations
188
107
4.4.5 Plot Data (If Required)
189
108
4.5 Exploitation Products Data File Generation ? ?
193
109
4.6 CSD New Target Initiation
197
110
4.6.1 CSD Header and Data Entry
199
111
4.6.2 Coordination and Approval of New Targets (PI
Originated)
200
112
4.6.3 Initiation of New Target Form (CSD)
201
113
4.6.4 Coordination and Approval of New Targets (CSD
Originated)
202
114
4.6.5 Generation of IDF Entries
203
115
PI Presentation
208
116
Basic Worksheet Format
212
117
Special Worksheet Format
213
118
Hardware Configuration in 1971 NPIC Computer Environment
223
119
User Interface with Data Base
236
120
List Intersection by Use of ALSO Command
245
121
List Intersection by Use of INTERSECT Command
247
122
List Intersection by Use of ALSO and INTERSECT Commands
248
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VOLUME 2
SYSTEM DESIGN DESCRIPTION
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
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Volume 1 of this report presented the basic design parameters upon
which the Integrated Information System (IIS) is based, discussed the costs
and benefits to be derived from various potential methods of system imple-
mentation, the considerations which led to the selection of a particular
design and the comparative costs of the IIS and an extrapolation of current
NPIC capabilities to meet the same workload. This volume is devoted to a
detailed description of the proposed system in terms of the hardware, soft-
ware and files required to support it. We shall also present here the
detailed background material used in the design process to identify the
types and quantities of hardware necessary for efficient system operation
and to ascertain the specific computer programs and files which must be
generated.
Since the ITS is basically an information system, we have also provided,
in a companion volume, a definition of each of the information interfaces
of the system (Volume 3).
It should be noted that these two volumes are intended principally as
reference documents to be used during system implementation. As a result,
every attempt has been made to insure their completeness, albeit at the
expense of including a level of detail, particularly in the information
interfaces, which may appear to be trivial.
It is not anticipated that the average reader will examine these two
volumes in detail but rather that he will concentrate on the particular
"Activity" or "Function" of Section 3 which is of primary interest to him
and from the reference numbers on the "Information Flow Diagrams" determine
what interfaces, consoles, and computer programs are employed in that ac-
tivity or function. The combination of these various elements is then
indicative of how this function differs, if at all, from present practice,
in its IIS implementation.
1.2 Organization
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the procedure used in the
development of this detailed system description. The IIS can be considered,
in the gross sense, to be a "black box" in which a fixed set of inputs is
processed and transformed into a required set of outputs. The inputs are
received, in most cases, from sources external to NPIC and are not directly
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INPUTS
'Is
ACTIVITIES
FUNCTIONS
HARDWARE]
PROCESSES
PROGRAMS
Figure 1 Design Procedure
FILES
OUTPUTS
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subject to Center control as to content or format. These are established
by USIB and hence must be considered as constraints on the system. There
are, however, a limited number of system inputs which are necessary to
effective-system operation and will be generated by NPIC personnel. The
form and format of these inputs have been designed specifically to serve
ITS needs. The outputs of the system are the products by which the Center
communicates the results of its activity to the intelligence community,
although the active participation of the IIS in the preparation of these
products may be complete at some point prior to the printing and/or dis-
tribution of final results. A complete description of IIS inputs and out-
puts is found in Section 2.
The ITS must be considered as an integrated system because, within its
domain, a large number of interdependent activities are carried on concur-
rently. Each of these activities is, in a sense, a subsystem with its own
inputs and outputs. These inputs and outputs may be those of the total
system but more generally represent information interfaces with other activ-
ities. The activities may in turn be considered as collections of functions
linked together by information interfaces and each function further divided
into processes, either manual procedures (possibly console assisted) or
computer programs. The processes are also linked by information transfers,
although at this level of detail some are too trivial to be worthy of ex-
plicit definition. The activities, functions and processes which make up
the ITS, the workloads on the computer and other hardware of the system
which each implies and the basic files which they utilize are shown in the
charts and text of Section 3. The information interfaces between activities,
functions and processes are described in Section 4. (Section 4.2, which con-
tains the interface forms, has been bound as a separate document so that
cross reference between the interface descriptions and the flow diagrams of
Section 3 will be simplified.)
The detailed data on equipment utilization, computer programs and file
requirements are then summarized and a system configuration which will
satisfy these loads and requirements is presented in Section 5.
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2. SYSTEM INTERFACES
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The IIS is linked with other elements of the intelligence community
through transfers of information, either textual or pictorial. The
external inputs to the system are primarily photographs and information
about the location and conditions under which the photography were made
with some additional textual information from other intelligence sources.
In addition to this substantive information, effective system performance
requires that limited amounts of control, "house keeping" and resource
availability information also be provided as inputs.
The outputs of the IIS are basically the products by which the Center
communicates the results of its efforts to elements producing finished
intelligence. These outputs may again be either textual or graphical in
form and in some instances a combination of both.
2.1 System Inputs
Most of the inputs to the IIS are generated by sources external to
NPIC and are generally in a form and format approved by USIB. Although we
anticipate that these inputs may change with the passage of time, we would
expect such changes to be transitional rather than revolutionary and that
small programming adjustments will be sufficient to adapt the system to
these changes. We have, therefore, used current external inputs for design
purposes.
The inputs to the IIS which will be generated within NPIC are princi-
pally in the form of lists of resource availability and control information
and can be established as IIS requirements.
2.1.1 Inputs from External Sources
2.1.1.1 Imagery
Although never actually processed or altered by the HS, photographic
imagery forms one of the principal information sources of the system. A
large portion of the textual information which is eventually entered into
the National Data Base is a verbal description of the content of the imagery
resulting from the human interpretation process.
At the present time, virtually all of the imagery is in the form of
aerial photographs made by reconnaissance aircraft or orbiting vehicles.
In the future, other systems embodying infra-red sources or side-looking
airborne radar may produce imagery for interpretation. Additionally, we
anticipate the possibility of direct readout vehicles transmitting digitally
represented imagery which will be reconstituted on the ground before entry
into the system.
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A limited volume of ground photography is also provided to the Center
but, except in the case of photographs of objects from which phctogrammetric
measurements can be made, is used principally for reference purposes.
During the lifetime of the ITS, continuing improvements in photographic
resolution and the introduction of new films and camera systems are antici-
pated. The effects of such changes have been reflected in the system work-
loads in terms of increased numbers of targets in the data base and increased
workloads during target readout. However, these changes will not alter the
basic activities of the ITS which use imagery as an input.
The basic content of the imagery is pictures of specific targets or
objects of intelligence interest. The form varies with the camera system
utilized and includes vertical and oblique frame, panoramic and strip
photography. These variations are felt principally in the activities deal-
ing with the photogrammetric measurement and target prediction.
2.1.1.2 Position and Attitude Information
a. Data Available Prior to Film Arrival - KH-4
Data available for a KH-4 mission prior to film arrival at
NPIC is received via the 1004 data link and cable. A pre-
mission data link transmission contains the pre-programmed
data to which the KH-4 system is set prior to launch. Daily
transmissions over the data link consist of an Operations
Summary and Ephemeris Data for a 24 hour period of tha
mission. The camera on-off frame numbers arrive by a cable.
When a mission is complete, all previous Operations Sammary
daily transmissions are repeated as one transmission. The
same is done for the Ephemeris Data.
The APF, a high accuracy ephemeris refined and adjustad
for the whole mission is also received via the 1004 data
link.
(1) Operations Summary
The operations summary contain two parts, a Performan,:e
Estimate and a Photographic Summary. The Performance
Estimate contains the following information:
Mission Number
Camera
Revolution Number
Program Number
Operation Number
Frame Count Estimate Between the Specified On-Off Times
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The following items are oriented to on-off time, i.e. there
is a value at camera-on and another at camera-off.
Latitude and Longitude of Camera Principal Ray
Vehicle Height in Feet Above Sea Level
Slant Range of Camera Principal Ray in Feet
Greenwich Mean Time - Days, Hours, Minutes, Seconds
Local Time at Point Where Camera is Looking
System Time in Seconds, 'Modulo 86,400 secs./day
Line Identifier for the Tape Format
(2) Photographic Summary
The photographic summary part of the operations summary
contains the following information:
Camera Number
Slit Designation
Filter Designation
Film Designation
Revolution Number
Program Number
Operation Number
Number of Frames
Number of Feet of Film
Exposure Time in Seconds
Solar Elevation at Center of Format
Solar Direction of Format Center where 0?is the
Direction of Motion of the Vehicle
The following items pertain to film processing and are
defined as the Minimum Exposure Requirements for Aerial
vw Scenes of Average Luminance:
Exposure Value
mi Full Processing Level
Intermediate Processing Level
Primary Processing Level
IOW
vat
(3) Ephemeris Data
The ephemeris data transmissions contain the following
information:
Run Number
Mission Number
Revolution Number
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Date
Vehicle Number
Greenwich Mean Time (H, M, S)
System Time in Seconds, Modulo 86,400 secs./day (same
as Performance Summary)
Geodetic Latitude and Longitude (on Hough Ellipsoid)
Height in Yards to Hough Ellipsoid
Radial Distance in Yards to Center of Hough Ellip3oid
Right Ascension in Degrees and Minutes
Inertial Velocity - Velocity Vector Referenced to
Center of Hough Ellipsoid
Flight Path - Angle made by Velocity Vector and a
Line Parallel to a Tangent to the Earth at Nadir
Azimuth - Angle Between Velocity Vector and Local
Meridian of Longitude, N = 0?, E = 90?, S = 18C?,
W = 2700 Degrees and Minutes
Geocentric Latitude - Angle Between the Intersection
of the Radial Line from the Geometrical Center of
the Hough Ellipsoid to the Vehicle with the Equatorial
Plane. Degrees and Minutes
The ephemeris data transmissions also contain the following
information for each revolution (these are called "Element
Slugs"):
Epoch - Time of New Revolution Start, H,M,S (GMT)
Longitude of Ascending Node - Longitude in Degrees
at Epoch Measured West from Greenwich
Inclination - Angle Between Orbit Plane and the
Equatorial Plane Measured Counterclockwise from
the Equator to the Orbit Looking Down on the
Ascending Node (deg.)
Eccentricity of the Ellipse Approximating the
Orbit /22p - Per)
(Ap & Per)
Period - Time in Minutes Between Ascending Nodes of
the Approximating Ellipse
Decay - Rate of Change of Orbit (Seconds/Day)
Perigee - Distance in Yards from Center of Mass
of the Earth to the Lowest Point in the Orbit
Argument for Perigee - Angle in degrees along the Orbit
about the Geometric Center of the Hough Ellipsoi
Measured from the Ascending Node in the Directior
of Flight to Perigee
Apogee - Distance in Yards from Center of Mass of the
Earth to the Highest Point in the Orbit
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(4) On-Off Frames
The camera on-off frames ire received via cable (TWX) which lists
frames included in the on-off segments of a revolution, along
with data on edited frames, cut/wrap frames, number of stellar/
index frames, etc. The cable format regarding frames included
in on-off segments is as follows:
4 D0002 13, 27, 53, 89
ari
II
Where: D0002 = Revolution Number (i.e. Descending, Rev.
No 2)
13 = Frames 1-13 pertain to 1st on-off for
this revolution
27 = Frames 14-27 pertain to 2nd on-off for
this revolution
53 = Frames 28-53 pertain to 3rd on-off
for this revolution
89 = Frames 54-89 pertain to 4th on-off
for this revolution
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2.1.1.3 Reports for Data Base Entry
The NTP requirement that NPIC maintain a National Data Base of Imagery-
Derived Information (NDBIDI) implies that interpretation data from sources
external to the Center must be accepted and processed by the IIS. In general,
this data will appear in one of two forms:
a) As "field" IPIR's either in cable or hard copy form
b) As hard copy detailed third phase reports
Data from First Phase field interpretation will be used to update the
IDF (see Section 3.3.3) as will the installation description from the
appropriate detailed third phase reports. Additionally, all hard copy
imagery exploitation reports will be indexed in the EPDF.
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2.1.1.4 Miscellaneous Field Inputs
In addition to the major substantive information elements described
above, there are a number of miscellaneous items which are required for
system operation. These include such items as:
a. The Mission Film Cable received from the processing site.
b. Special requirements for Phase III reports which are generated
by external agencies.
c. Notices of change in the COMIREX priority of targets.
d. Schedules for the regular updating or initial generation
of Phase III reports.
2.1.2 Internally Generated System Inputs
Successful operation of the IIS requires that a certain amount of infor-
mation which is originally generated manually within NPIC also be entered
into the system at appropriate points. This information falls into one of
the three classes described in the following paragraphs.
2.1.2.1 File Updating Information
Several special files of non-substantive information are maintained by
the IIS to assist in automatic scheduling and file maintenance. Data to
update these files is manually generated by NPIC personnel. This informa-
tion includes:
a. Changes in the target category specialties of the PI
team for Phase I readout.
b. Changes in the geographic area specialties of PI teams
for Phase II readout.
c. The number of man hours spent by each PI team on Phase I
and Phase II readout on each mission. (This can be
extracted from MIS data).
ow
d. Instructions for the destruction and/or archiving of
film in the film library
e. Gros,-1 criteria which can be used to screen field reports
for credibility. This will be a printed list rather than
an electronic file since the screening is a manual operation.
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2.1.2.2 Material to Support Image Interpretation
Various forms and fides are required to assist the PI in image inter-
pretation. These include:
a Blank Worksheets for use in Phase I and Phase II readout,
including those developed specifically for IIS purposes
and the existing cable worksheet
b. New Target Forms
c, Various hard copy files, some of which may be indexed ]n
the IIS.
These include:
1) CSD Target Folders
2) Support Material maintained in the PI room
3) The CSD reference library
SCR 352
An internal request for a Phase III detailed report also appears as a
system input and, in a sense, may be considered as supporting image inter-
pretation since it specifies precisely what is to be included in tte inter-
pretation.
2.1.2.3 Material for Reports
While for the most part, the material included inthe output products of
the Center will be generated directly by, or with the assistance of the IIS,
there are two groups of items which fall outside that realm.
a. Manuscript material, such as the prefaces to certain
reports and the highlights in Phase I reports
b. Processed photography for use as briefing boards or as
attachments to reports.
2.1.2.4 Miscellaneous Inputs
Also appearing in the Information Flow Diagrams of Section 3 and shown
in Table XL of Section 4 are a variety of miscellaneous inputs which include
such things as:
a. Requests for information (via COINS)
b. Requested Documents (from Library or other sources)
C. Replies to queries made by NPIC personnel.
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The outputs of the IIS are the recorded results of imagery interpre-
tation and may be either textual or graphical in form. Although the con-
tribution of the IIS essentially ceases when information in an appropriate
format has been generated, it is most convenient to consider the system
outputs as the "Product Set," i.e. the reports, briefing aids, cables, etc.
by which the Center communicates the results of its efforts to the intelli-
gence community as a whole.
The set of products which are described in the paragraphs below were
first proposed in Study Task A(1)c of and have been
accepted by the Center as "encompassing the reporting requirements (i.e.
content, schedule, format and organization) likely to be levied on the
Center."
This acceptance was given and the products incorporated into the design
with the full understanding on the part of both the Contractor and the Cen-
ter that requirements can and will change with the passage of time and that
inherent in the IIS must be the flexibility to adapt to such a change.
2.2.1 Textual Outputs
2.2.1.1 Individual Target Reports
The basic result of imagery interpretation is a report on the status
of a specific target, photographs of which have been interpreted ("read out")
by a PI. The results of his work are recorded on a PI Worksheet (see Sec-
tion 4.1.2) and after approval (see Section 3.1.4) become the "Individual
Target Report." This report is made available to the intelligence community
in four different forms:
a. Insertion in the Installations Data File
Immediately upon completion of the approval cycle, the Individual
Target Report is used to update the appropriate unit record of the Installa-
tions Data File (IDF) where it is available to all users having query
capability aginst the system, i.e. "in-house" users with query consoles
and COINS participants. With the file updating procedure, the report, per
se, loses its individual identity except as the entries in the various sec-
tors of the file are tagged with the proper mission and film references.
b. Computer Link Transmissions
The IIS will include a computer-to-computer link to those intelligence
groups in the Washington, D. C. area which maintain machine-readable data
bases requiring imagery derived information. This group of users will be
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essentially the same as those comprising the COINS network. Selected sec-
tions of the Individual Target Reports (i.e. the data which is amenable to
a taxonomy and is usually reported with a numeric qualifier, particularly
OB and other variable data about installation facilities) will bE trans-
mitted over this secure communications channel as soon as the IDE has been
updated.
The format of the report, ?when transmitted over this computer link, will
be as agreed by the participating organizations. The content will be as
shown in Table I.
TABLE I
INDIVIDUAL TARGET REPORTS - COMPUTER LINK CONTENT
Average
Data Element No. of Characters
Mission Number 5
Target Number 5
Header 70
OB Data 1500
Variable Installations Data 300
c. Cables
When imagery interpretation shows some element of unusual intelligence
importance, the Individual Target Report may be distributed as a "Flash"
cable. In this case the basic Worksheet is accompanied by a cable text
which is also entered into the system and is subjected to the same approval
cycle as the report itself. As soon as the text is approved, a puached
paper tape for transmission and a printed copy for verification ara gener-
ated in the communications center.
The content of the report in this form is as shown in Table II.
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TABLE II
INDIVIDUAL TARGET REPORTS - CABLE CONTENT
Average
Data Element No. of Characters
Mission Number 5
Target Number 5
Header 70
Film Reference 60
Description of Target (changes only) 100-200
OB Data 50-250
Variable Installations Data 200-500
SCR 352
d. Briefing Boards
When an individual target readout shows elements of sufficient intelli-
gence importance to apparently warrant production of a briefing board, the
complete target readout (i.e. all of the information used to update the IDF)
will be printed out for manual editing and selection by the Briefing Board
Coordinator.
2.2.1.2 Collected Target Reports
Periodically, the Individual Target Reports are assembled for distribu-
tion to the intelligence community. This service is particularly required
for those users who do not have access to the information through COINS or
the Computer Link. It also provides a set of permanent, hard copy refersnce
documents covering the results of image interpretation on a specific mis-
sion. The design of the ITS provides for the production of three of these
collections of Individual Target Reports.
a. First Phase Report
This report is a collection of the Individual Target Reports for all
active priority COMIREX targets which have been interpreted after the re-
ceipt of mission imagery.
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b. First Phase Report Supplement
Individual Target Reports for all active non-priority COMIREY targets
which have been read out on the mission are collected in this document.
c. Significant Change Report
Information derived from the initial interpretation of non-CCMIREX
targets during the area scan procedure is always stored as Individual Tar-
get Reports in the IDF and hence is available to COINS users. Ir. addition
data concerning new targets, significant change to existing targets and OB
data is distributed over the Computer Link. For the benefit of intelligence
community users not served by the stored information, a collecticn of these
significant changes is prepared and distributed by cable.
The First Phase Report and First Phase Report Supplement are produced
by the IIS as mats for printing and as paper tapes for cable transmission.
Sterilized versions of these reports for distribution to selected foreign
governments are also produced. Within the collections, the Individual Tar-
get Reports are ordered alphabetically by installation name, country and
target category and are accompanied by certain supplementary material in-
cluding mission plots, photographic attachments and deployment tables as
appropriate. The content of these reports as they appear in bound document
form is shown in Table III.
TABLE III
CONTENT - FIRST PHASE REPORT AND SUPPLEMENT
Data Elements
Average
No. of Characters
Table of Contents 80/target
Preface 1000
8 x 10 Mission Plots N/A
Highlights 1000
Individual Target Reports (250-450/PhaseI)(750-1100/Supplement)
Mission Number 5
Target Number 5
Header 70 Per
Film References 60
Target
Target Description (changes only) 100-200
OB Data 50-250 Reported
Variable Installation Data 200-500
Attachments N/A
Deployment Tables N/A
Index to Targets 80/target
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The cable versions of these reports contain only the Highlights and
the Individual Target Reports.
The Significant Change Report is produced only as a tape for cable
transmission and contains only the collected Individual Target Reports
exhibiting the necessary significant change charactersitics. A sterilized
version is also generated.
2.2.1.3 Basic Intelligence Support Exploitation Report
This basic report is described in the NTP as an authoritative base re-
port which would be augmented by information derived from subsequent First
and Second Phase reporting. It is a detailed Third Phase report resulting
from an in-depth study of imagery covering a particular subject of intelli-
gence interest and will be updated on a regular schedule or as required by
significant new information or changes in community interests. It may
appear either as a Brief or as a multi-page detailed report. In either
case, the mats for the printing of the textual material are produced with
IIS assistance. Much of the material in the report is extracted directly
from the on-line data base or from magnetic tape copies of earlier reports
on the same subject and editing of the report is an on-line activity. The
content of the report in Brief format is shown in Table IV and in the multi-
page format in Table V.
TABLE IV
BASIC INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT EXPLOITATION REPORT CONTENT
(BRIEF FORMAT)
Average
a Data Element No. of Characters
USIB Header 70
Photo References 60
Collateral Data References 120 - 750
Target Description 150 - 900
Good Quality Halftone of Photography N/A
ett
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TABLE V
BASIC INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT EXPLOITATION REPORT CONTENT
(MULTI-PAGE FORMAT)
Average
Section Data Elements No. of Characters
I USIB Header 70
Abstract 650 - 900
Photo References 60
Collateral References 120 - 250
II Statement of Periodicity 40
Location Map N/A
III Target Description Variable
IV Good Quality Halftone of Photography N/A
V Site Plot (annotated as required) N/A
VI Table of items visible in IV & V
with measurement data Variable
VII Chronology and Historical Data Variable
2.2.1.4 Frame Ephemeris
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This report is a computer printout of the contents of the NCD listing
for a particular mission except that corrected rather than nominal values
for vehicle position and attitude are presented. The entire report will be
produced by the IIS. The content is as shown in Table VI.
TABLE VI
FRAME EPHEMERIS CONTENT
Average
Data Element No. of Characters
Preface
up to 60,000
Table of Contents
Mission Constants 500 - 600
Frame Data (Number of frames is variable)
Vehicle Time 10/frame
GMT 10/frame
Geo Coordinates of Nadir 15/frame
Vehicle Attitude 6/frame
Velocity 5/frame
Attitude 18/frame
Geo Coordinates of Center of Format 15/frame
Sun Angle 5 /frane
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2.2.1.5 Photo Evaluation Report
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A report concerning the photographic effectiveness is prepared by TID
for each mission. The IIS will not normally participate in the preparation
of this report except perhaps to support on-line editing.
2.2.1.6 Miscellaneous Textual Outputs
As a result of IIS operation there will be various miscellaneous out-
puts in the form of messages to appropriate NPIC components or to other
members of the intelligence community. Included in this set are:
a The map requirements developed during the Pre-readout
Activity for Phase I and Phase II readout support will
be sent to CSD so that the map files in the PI area
will be complete for each mission.
b. Photo references and notes will be sent to the Photo
Lab to request photographic prints for use in briefing
boards and as attachments to reports.
c. Miscellaneous requests for information, documents,
photography, etc.
2.2.2 Graphic Products
The graphic outputs of the IIS are of two forms, either plots or
drawings produced directly by the system to be used as briefing aids or
for inclusion in reports, or the by-products of the Film Library Maintenance
activity, i. e. film for destruction or film for archiving. This latter
class is essentially trivial as far as IIS processing is concerned, re-
quiring only the maintenance of activity records on specific film cans.
The former class, however, requires further discussion.
2.2.2.1 Briefing Aids
Two classes of outputs for use in briefing aids will be generated:
a. When a decision to produce a substantive Briefing Board,
based on an individual target readout, is made, the list
of header material which must be prepared on the Headliner
equipment is automatically generated and sent to PD.
b. Mission photographic coverage plots at scales of 1:9 and
1:15 million will be automatically generated for use as
map overlays or briefing materials.
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Three general classes of graphic outputs for inclusion in NPIC reports
will be produced by the IIS:
a. Installation plots* for use in Basic Intelligence Support
Exploitation Reports are an output of the Mensuraticn
Support Activity.. These are complete and accurately
scaled but require additional processing by the Graphics
Analysis Branch before finished graphics are available.
These plots are simplified and rectified line drawings
showing the outlines ofbuildings, fences and other
pertinent structures and their relationship to roads,
railroads, streams, lakes or other geographical features.
b. Engineering drawings* for detailed reports about objects
of intelligence interest are also a result of the MEnsuration
Support Activity. Initial point coordinates generated in
the measurement process are corrected for camera position
relative to the object to obtain rectified orthographic
projections (i.e. plan and profile views) of the ob:'ect.
In the initial implementation of the IIS, these will be
point plots only and the construction of lines and creation
of finished graphics will be a manual process.
*
Analytical charts and graphs of empirical data or represent-
ing the results of analytical studies will be produced
automatically by the IIS. These will be standard bar
charts or analytical curves and will be generated on an
"as required" basis. Included in this set will be a large
portion of the results of photodensitometric analys._s.
Inputs may be the result of photodensitometer scann-:_ng.
2.2.2.3 Miscellaneous Graphic Outputs
The film which enters as a system input must periodically b purged
from the film library. Since Film Library Maintenance is an IIS activity,
it is obvious that the film must also be a system output. It is described
in the maintenance activity (See Section 3.4.2) as:
a. Film for Destruction
b. Film for Archives
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3. INFORMATION FLOW
The IIS is an integrated system because it supports, both serially and
concurrently, a large number of essentially independent activities which
interface with each other through transfers of information. The NPIC activ-
ities which require IIS support and their interrelationships are shown in
Figure 2. For the most part, these activities are directly related to one
of the three principal exploitation mission of the Center:
? Immediate Reporting
? Detailed Reporting
? Provision of a National Data Base
There are, however, some supplementary supporting activities which have some-
what broader application. In the paragraphs which follow, we have, as far
as possible, grouped the separately identifiable activities according to the
mission of NPIC which they support and have shown a fourth class for the
supplementary activities.
Each activity is described in an Activity Information Flow Diagram
which breaks the activity down into a set of functions, each of which has
certain inputs, outputs and file requirements associated with it. Each
function is then further detailed in a Function Information Flow diagram
which subdivides the functions into processes, each of which again has its
own interfaces.
On both levels of diagram we have used a standard notational system.
Information interfaces are shown in ovals, files in diamonds and actions
(functions or processes) as rectangles. Both the interfaces and the actions
are given reference numbers and processes are additionally tagged with an
"M", "M/C" or "P" to indicate whether they are manual procedures, console
assisted procedures or computer programs.
The interfaces between activities, functions and processes are described
in detail on forms bound in a companion volume. Each form contains a refer-
ence number in the upper right hand corner which corresponds to the number
above the interface oval on the flow diagrams.
System inputs and outputs have already been described in Section 2 but
forms repeating the critical design information about these interfaces are
included in Section 4.
Tables showing the files utilized by the activity and the workloads
imposed against system components by the activity are provided for each
activity with explanatory text where required.
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PHASE I
READOUT
1.3
A
4.2
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LIBRARY
MAINTENANCE
4.3
MAINTAIN
MENSURATION
PARAMETERS
FILE
4.4
MENSURATION
SUPPORT
PHASE II
READOUT
QUERY
HANDLING
t
4.6
NEW
TARGET
INITIATION
f
3.3
1.4
DATA ENTRY
...AND APPROVAL
IMMEDIATE
IMPORTS
1.5
CABLES
1.6
PROCESS
FIELD
REPORTS
MAINTAIN
DATA BASE
2.1
4.5
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BASIC
INTELLIGENCE
READOUT
Figure Tater-Activity Relationships
I 2.2
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& APPROVAL
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3.1 Immediate Reporting
3.1.1 Pre-Readout Activity
3.1.1.1 Activity Description
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This activity (Figures 3 through 16) is performed to prepare material
necessary for PI readout. To accomplish this activity properly, the most
recent mission film, target information and ITS file data must be available.
The following paragraphs discuss the two major steps in the preparation of
this material.
a. Target Prediction
The inputs to the target prediction process differ depending
upon the type of mission. All inputs
missions require some preliminary processing before they can
be used in the coverage prediction function. This function
accepts as input the coordinates of the four corner points of
each rectangle of coverage. Information from the index by
geo-coordinates (GEOIX) is also used by the coverage prediction
routine to obtain the target coordinates and the machine reference
number. Other header information is extracted from the IDF at
the same time for later use in the IIS mission processing cycle.
Coverage prediction and film coordinate computation have been
separated into two functions. This allows some processing to
be done with the target lists for 111-4 missions prior to the
arrival of data from the processing site which identifies the
actual number of frames per coverage rectangle and allows more
accurate film coordinate computation.
After the basic tasks of coverage prediction and film coordinate
calculation are completed, the list of predicted targets is used
by several functions which require various segments and orderings
of the basic list. These various sorted lists are not formally
considered to be files of the IIS, they are simply tables that
are communicated between operating programs via a drum. The
two principal predicted target lists are:
1. Sorted Phase I Targets, ordered by readout team
and priority
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DATA
11-13
HEADER
DATA
11-7
COVERAGE
RECTANGLES
11-8
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DATA
11-1
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\&G`TERISTICS )
- 1.1.2
COVERAGE
PREDICTION
IDE
PREDIG.L.ED)
COVERAGE
1.1.3
11-16 SORT
(READOUT PHASE I AND
PRIORITY ) PHASE II
1 TARGETS
ILL-18
11-21
SOURCE DATA
MAP REF.
MAINTAIN
PI MAP
FILE
A A
1119
SORTED
PH I TGTS.
TARGETS
TEAM ,)
11-25
(671111IMESMUT
i 1.1.5
CONFUTE
EXPECTED
TEAM
WORKLOAD
'MANHOURS
ER TARG
11-27
H I MANHOUR
UIREMENTS
1.1.6
Figure 3 1.1 Pre-Readout Activity
ASSIGN
TARGETS
TO PI's
11-31
EASE I TASK
ASSIGNMENTS
11-32
PHASE II TAB
ASSIGNMENTS
1.2 1.3
? ?
PHASE I 1 PHASE II
READOUT
READOUT ,
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CORRECTIONS
COORDINATE
PREDICTION
t 11-19
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T.A_RGETS
11-20
PREDICTEt
TARGETS
1.1.8
TARGET CAN
4.?
NUMBER MATCH
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'DISTRIBUTION
I ACTIVITY
11-20
(ML PREDICTED
TARGETS
1.1.9
SORT LISTS
BY PASS
COORDINATE
ORDER
11-42
(STATUS LIST)
TARGET DATA
11-20
PREDICTED
TARGETS
, PRINT PI
I PRESENTATION
?1 SHEETS
41-1T
ASS/FRAPE
CAN NO. LIST)