JPRS ID: 8960 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

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~ Tt~ ~ICY
RESEARCH ANO DEVELOPMENT
3 ~ECEM6ER i979 CFOUO i4r79~ i OF i
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~ JPRS L/8793
3 D~ecember 1979
~l1/orldwide Re ort _
p
TELEC4MMUNICATIONS POIICY,
~ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
_ (FOUO 14~/79)
- ~
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JPR5 L/8793
3 December 1979 ~
~ WORLDWIDE REPORT
TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
(FOUO 14/79)
CONTENTS PAGE
ASIA
JAPAN
MITI Makes Major Change in Computer Development Strategy
(Editorial; NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN, 6 Sep 79) 1
Briefs
Virtual File Mass Storage 3
USSR
East German HF and VHF Radio Technology Viewed
~ (Fritz Lang, Werner Liebig; ELEKTROSVY'AZ', Aug 79)....... 4
Ham Operators Grant.ed Access to 1850-1950 KHZ in 160-Meter
Band
' (K. V. Ivanov; RADIO, Aug 79)..0 13 ~
WESTERN EUROPE
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ~
France, FRG Near Agreement on Direct TV Satellites
(Pierre Langere:ux; AIR & COSMOS, 29 Sep 79) 16
Franco-Germa.n Direct TV Satellite Cooperation Noted -
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COS~iOS, 6 Oct 79) 19
- a - [III - tn1W - 1.40 FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page
TV Satellite Seen Costing 1.3 Bfllion Francs
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 13 Oct 79)........ 22
SPAIN
- Briefs
Investments in Telefonica 25
- I-
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JAPAN
MITI MAKES MAJOR CHANGE IN COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Tokyo NIKKAAI KOGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 6 Sep 79 p 2
[Editorial: "International Cooperation on Fifth Generation Computers"]
[Text] The Ministry of International Trade and Industry finalized its policy `
to have overseas researchers participate in the research and development
of "the fifth generation computers" which is to become the nucleus for the
promotion of the information industry in the 1y.80's. Compared with the
~ past information industry strategy which was mainly "catch up, pass," with
the U.S. IBM as the target, it 3.s a major change in strategy. Contiguous
with the rapid progress in electronics technology, computers not only serve
as a powerful weapon to cultivate'unknown fields, but also maintain an
unshaken position as the startar of technological innovation. In this
sense, to lead the research and development of the fifth generation computers
which may be called un unknown region and to have opened the door of research -
to the overseas academic community suggest Japan's ambition to lead the "era
of civilization development" as termed in the study material of the vision
for the 1980's.
- Computers have progressed by logical elements fxom the first generation
using vacuum 'tubes, the second generation using transistors, and the third
generation using integrated circuits (IC). Currently, the super-LSI is
being developed and commercialized led by both the U.S. and Japan, and it -
is said that the appearance of the fourth generation mounted with a super-LSI,
which incorporates new techniques in the means of communication and software,
is ~ery ne~r. -
Looking back at the history of computer development in Japan, at the starr -
we fell behind various European and American countries, mainly the U.S.
' However, since the establishment of a single developmental structure combin-
ing government and commercial efforts in 1965, achievements in research and
development made a great leap and have come to a point that is competitive
with the giant of the computer world, IBM, in many fields. To begin the
research on fifth generation computers ahead of other countries in such a
stage and to have started the 10�-year plan this year in order to consolidate
the concept concretely, are perhaps regarded as important themes in developing _
a creative technology.
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Furthermore, that the policy has been finalized to open the door to overseas
rese~rchers in such leading research and development is an epoch-making
move that overturns the conventional develop~ental strategy by the base.
Ae long as this ie long-term research to be conducted from the 198G's to
the 1990's, and that it walke in the untreaded field in the world, opening _
the research door to overseas does not damage the honor of the Japanese
research group. In the study material of the visions for ~he 19a0's
compiled by MITI, the international sense of space" is termed to advance
internationalization with the sense of a global level and to develop the -
internationali.zation of the industry. One may state that it truly suggests -
taking an initiative in such an ultra-large scale research and to open the
door to overseas researchers.
This policy of advancing fifth generation computer research by internstional
cooperation will probably dissolve the overseas criticisms against the former
information industry policies and suggest the research structure of the post-
1980's.
a
~ COPYRIGHT: Nikkan Kogyo Shimbunsha 1979 ~
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- JAP~
N
BRIEFS
VIRTUAL FILE MASS STORAvE--Nippon Electric Company (NEC) has developed a
mass storage system (MSS) for its ACOS series computers (Sekino et al.,
Collected Speeches, 1979 Twentieth National Data Processing Conference,
pp 63-70; Proceedings of 1979 National Computer Conference, vol. 48,
pp 557-564). While IBM`s MSS (3850) is virtual disk format, NEC employed ~
a virtual file format which connects master data file (IrIDF) and disk sub-
system to the host computer. Its special feature is the lack of direct
data pass between 1rIDF and disk sub-system which permits the use of existing
optional disk as a~taging disk sub-system. However, staging from IrIDF to
disk sub-system is performed via the host system. Thus it wi11 put 0-3
_ percent load (but no more than 10 percent maximum) on the host system. Yet
MSS's capability (response time and throughput) is said to be superior to
the IBM counterpart (1 VTOC/2 cartridge) because each data cartridge has
label data. [Text] [Tokoyo NIKKEI ELECTRONICS in Japanese 6 Aug 79 p 77]
11460
- COPYRIGHT: Nikkei-McGraw-Hill, Inc, 1979
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USSR
EAST GERMAN HF AND VHF RADIO TECHNOLOGY VIEWED
Moscow ELEKTROSVYAZ' in Russian No 8, Aug 79 pp 5-9
[Article by Fritz Lang and Werner Liebig, German Democratic Republic:
"The Contemporary State and the Prospects for Devel.opment of Short Wave
and VHF Radio-Communications Technology in the GDR"J
[Text] Introduction. In the German Democratic Republic radio sets have
been developed, produced and delivered to consumers both within the country
and abroad for a number of years. Wit:~in the framework of CEMA, the GDR
specializes in the development af short wave (HF) and VHF radio sets. In
particular, a wide assortment of radio equipment which by its capabilities
and qualities corresponds to international class items is being produced
by the "Kepenik" plant. Because of the additional radio devices produced
by them, it is possible to outfit various types of radio stations.
The basic parameters of typical units produced in the GDR are presented
below, and a brief survey of the pr~spects for development of HF and VHF -
radio-communications technology is given.
SEG 15D and SEG 100D HF Transceivers (Table 1) are intended for transmis~ion
of information between stationary and mobile radio units. Using them, it is
possible to establish short-term continental and transcontinental radio
communications.
Basic HF transceiver units
parameters SEG 15D (Fig. 1) SEG 100D (Fig. 2)
Frequency range, MHz 1.5-12 .
Frequency spacing, _
kHz 1
High-frequency
power, Wt 15 100
Types of modulation A3J single-band service
A2J telegraphy
Telegraphy with FM F1
' Dimensior~s, ~ 376x112x305 376x336x305
Weight, kg 7.8 28
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- The sets work on the principle of SSB modulation, insuring reliable trans- -
mission of information over loag distances, even at insignificant power
levels. Such modes of modulation as the A2J and the F1 are specif ied for
transmitting telegraph signals. The sets are all fully transistorized and
used integrated circuits.
The EKD series of HF receivers is intended for long-range telephone and
telegraph communications (Table The units are used by postal depart-
ments, departments of the press, the radio meteorological service and the
maritime radio communications service as well as by other users. These
receivers permit reception of single-band transmission with or without
reinsertion of the carrier and with various channel bandwidths. Furthermore,
they can be used to receive telegraph and fascimile signals.
. . . . 777 4, r1 -
. . . . . . . .
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Fig. 2
, ~
The EGD series receivers are modified transceiver devices and are used
primarily for operation in moving objects. It is possible to establish
telephone and telegraph communications for a short ti~e using these units.
They are also transistorized and include many integrated circuits.
Commercial HF communications transmitters (Table 3) are intended for estab- i
lishing long-range communications between stationary rediffusion stations ;
and in coastal communications systems. Due to automatic tuning of the ~
transmitter's stages, remote control servicing and a replaceable control
system, these transmitters answer the modern requirements imposed on radio
communications.
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Table 2
- HF receivers
Basic parameters EKD 111/112 EKD 300 EGD O1, 02, 03
(Fig. 3) (Fig. 4) (Fig. 5)
Frequency range 14 kHz-30 TIIiz 14 kHz-30 MHz 1.6 MHz-12 MHz
Frequency Decade, with Decade, with Decade, with
setting switch push-button switch
digital keys,
almost contin-
uous, 60
- spaces per
- revolution,
(with frequency
memory as
signal fades)
Frequency on the with 7-digit on the switches
read-out switches digital LED
F1 indication line
Frequency 10 Hz 10 Hz 1 kHz
_ spacing
Types of modu- Al, A2, A2H, A3, A3H, A3A, A1, A2, A2H, A2J,
lation A3J, A3Ba, A3Bj, F1, F4 A3, A3A, A3J, A3H -
(E6 with additional device)
Dimensions, mm 540x182x345 540x182x345 EGD OZ--
376x112x304
EGD 02--
520x100x327
EGD 03--
541x141x288
Weight, kg 25 about 35 EGD O1 - 8
EGD 02 - 10
, EGD 03 - 13
NO'CE: The EGD O1 is a table model device used as a stationary or a mobile
receiver for the coastal radio service (upper and lower sidebands;; EGD 02
is a pull-out unit used as the basic receiver for maritime radio communica-
tic~ns (only the upper sideband); the EGD 03 is a table model device used
as the basic receiver for mariti.me and coastal radio services (upper sideband
- on:Ly) .
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Figure 5
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- 'I'liere are ~ number of additional units for outfitting radio rediffusion
- stations: a remote control unit; load resistances; antenna adaptors; wires -
and cables; balancing and matching transformers, etc.
VHF radio communications technology is finding more and more applica- s
tions in all sector4 of the national economy. Devices and installations are
produced for mobile coastal radio communications. Several typical installa-
tions are represented in Table 4. In addition, various modifications and a ;
broad assortment of additional equipment permitting these devices to be used =
in diverse areas are produced. -
_ . _ :
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Figure 6
� Table 3 -
Commercia~ HF communications receivers
, Basic parameters
KN1-E KN5-E/02 KN20-E/04
(Fig. 6)
Frequency range, MHz 1.6-30 3-30 1.6-30
Frequency spacing, Hz 100 100 100
Power, kWt 1 5 2~
Types of modulation A1, A2H, A3A, A3J, A3Ba F1, F6
A3H A3Bj
The 68-88MHz, 156-174 MHz and 450-470 MHz bands are used for mobile coastal
communications in the GDR, FM being used exclusively.
All of the devices have contemporary design and are, for the most part,
executed on hybrid and solid-state circuiCs.
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Prospects for the developmz~it of HF and VHF rad~.o communications technology.
- Technical progress is defined as an improvement in the quality indicators of
equipment as well as a more extensive use of microelectronics. The growing
integration of circuits permits us to reduce the dimensions and the weight _
of tae installations and to improve their reliability. Furthermore, we are
succeeding in improving the characteristics of the equipment substantially
due to automation of control processes as well as in replacing several _
- mechanized assemblies with electronic ones. -
Automation of the control processes permits us to 3oin individual installa-
tions into larger systems and, correspondingly, to organize a comfortable -
working place for the operator.
A tendency toward the increasing use of digital transmission and signal
processing methods is observed in the area of circuit design. As examples, ~
one may cite the use of digital frequency synthesizers as well as automatic
and remote control using microprocessors. -
Table 4
UFT 721 portable UET 70 portable UFS 7`L1 mobile
transceiver transmitter transceiver
- Basic parameters ~fig. ~fi~ g~ (fig. 9)
Frequency range, 146-174
~Z 146-174 146.174
_ Mode of opera- single-frequency single- single frequency _
tion or doul~le- frequency or double-
frequency simplex frequency
simplex simplex
Number of 16
channels 4 1
Interchannel 25
interval, kHz 25 25
Transmission 10
~ power, Wt 0.5 "
- Receiver
_ sensitivity, uV 0.55 0.55 0.5
a-f power, Wt 0.5 0.5 1.5
Dimensions, mm 180x85x45 180x85x45 60x203x220
Weight, kg 0.7 0.8 3(without
- servicing
unit); 4.5
- with servicing
unit
. 9
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~
fi.
t ~ ,
_
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_ . ' { 5~itp~~i
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Figure 7 Figure 8
The use of solid-state elements and hybrid circuits (thin- and thick-film -
technology~, is constantly growing. The amount of specialized circuiCs and
radio installations is incxeasing significantly because multipurpose circuits
do not provide tlie necessary level of optimization.
A decrease in required power has great signi:ficance for portable and mobile
devices.
As a result of increased integration an increase has been achieved in labor
productivity, both in production and in the use of the equipment.
In HF technology, the center of importance is being shifted from the develop-
ment of large, stationary installations to the design of compact, portable
devices, a fact which is expedited by the possibility of replacing stationary
long-range communications stations with communications satellites. Similar
tendencies are also planned in the area of maritime radio communications.
- Due to the possibilities which contemporary components offer (high accuracy,
frequency stability, etc.) in HF radio communications, it is possible to make ~
a connection automatically with a selective call using compact sets. The
"Linkompeks" method is achieving great significance for improving transmis-
sions.
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In the area of VHF engineering, the creation of expanded radio networks
_ with automatic connecti~ns is acquiring greater significance. The limited
_ number of radio channels forces us to search for optimal methods for using _
- them. Due to "cluster networks," i.e. systems with automatic selection of
the free channel, it is possible to achieve a significant gain in channel-
use time. Furthermore, the broad application of digital signals for trans-
mitting regular messages also reduces the time the radio channels are
occupied. Technical requirements for VHF devices k*hich are directed at
reducing mutual interference are constantly increasing due to the significant
usage of the channels. This relates primarily to such parameters as inter- .
' ference emissions, ~.nterchannel modulation, adjacent channel selectivityr '
- etc.
i'
:r �
_ ~
i
~
Figure 9
Special networks adapted to particular conditions are necessary for
individual customers. One may cite locomotive radio communications which
provides commui:ication between the engineer, the dispatcher and other
services at any point along the railroad line. Special solutions are being
sought to improve production reliability, for example, for increasing the �
reliability of digital information transmissions and commands and preferen-
tial selection of radio communications channels in case of danger etc.
The specialists of the enterprises and institutes of the GDR are continuing
to improve the systems and devices in accordance with the requirements
imposed by users on modern radio installations.
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BIBLIOGRAPfiY
1. Rolke. Sende-Empfangsge.~at UFS 721., "Fernmeldetechnik", 18, 1978,
- H. 2.
2. Rot. Nachrichtentechnik im RGW-Bereich., "Nachrichtenelektronik",
31, 1977, H. 2.
3. Leipziger Fruhjahrsmesse, 1977, "Radio fernsehen elektronik", 26,
1977, H. 11.
COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Svyaz "Elektrosvyaz 1979 -
9194
CSO: 5500
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USSR
~
~ ~1 OPERATORS GRANTED ACCES~i TO 1850-1950 KHZ IN 160-METER BE1ND
Moscow RADIO in Russian No ~3, Aug 79 p 8
[Article by K. V. Ivanov, cliief of the State Electric Communications Inspec-
torate of the USSR Ministry of Communications: "Working in the 160-meter
Band"]
[Text] Soviet radio amaCeurs have greeted the decision
by the USSR State Commission for Radio Frequencies to
permit short-wave .3nd vh~ operators to use -
the 1850-1950 kHz Erequency band (on a second-priority
basis) with great enthusiasm. This is really an import-
ant event for them. The 160-meter band opens the short-
est route to the air for novices and provides experienced
shortwave operators wiCh an opporturiiCy to achieve new
successes in the sport. The decision will help combar
the ugly phenomenon of radio hooliganism. Many amateurs -
ask what they need to obtain permission to go on the air
at 160 meters and ask that we familiarize them with the
basic provisions of Che "Temporary Instructions an Pro- -
cedures for Using the 1850-1950 kHz Frequency Band hy
Amateur Radio Receiving and Transmitting Stations in
Collective and Individual Use," which are now in ef-
fect. The editors asked K. V. Ivanov, chief of the
State Electric Cou~unications Inspectorate of the USSR
Ministry of Communications, to answer these questions.
First of all, I should like to stress that the Instructions are aimed at giv-
ing young people interested in radio engineering an opportunity to master _
methods of working the amateur airwaves, of getting to know radio-sport.
These days, when the air is "populated" to the limit with various stations, -
the alloca.tion of even a small portion of the 160-meter band just for radio-
sport communications is an extraordinarily di~ficult matter. That is why
amateurs are being permitted to use the 1850-i950 kHz frequency band only -
on a second-priority basis. Preference, meaning operation on a first-prior-
ity basis, is given to departmental radio stations of the national economy
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in this frequency band, and ii amateur radio stations interfere with them,
they must either switch Co an open frequency or shut down on first demand.
.T.n ndditiun Co ownera o1 category I, II and III amateur radio statione for
individu:il and colleclive use, which c~n hencelorth opera~e on Che 1850-
' 1950 kHz rrequency band, a new group is introduced novice amateur radio
_ operators age 14 or over. They obtain permission at the local ele~tric com- -
munications inspectorate to operate on the air. To do this, novice amateur
radio operators 14 or over. that is, young students (schoolchildren study-
ing in tekhnikums or at voc~ational-technical schools) need to submit through
the appropriate DOSAAF spo-�ts club (couunittee) at their place of residence
an application, a recommen~lation from their place of training, a diagram of
the radio station, and also the written consent of the head of the family
_ (if the amateur has not reached age 16) stating that he is not opposed to
" giving his son (or daughter) permisaion to build (acquire) and operate an
- amateur radio station and that he assumes responsibi.lity for ensuring that
he (or she) will follow the Operating Instructions and Equipment Safety -
Rules.
Novice amateur radio operaCors will be assigned call letters with series EZ _
_ prefixes. For example, the call letters for amateurs in Moscow Oblast might
look like this: EZ3DAA.
Now a few words about operating procedures. As we know, communication over
the airwaves is brief and laconic. But it is quite sufficient to exchange
information about the audibility and discriminability of the station tone, -
technical data on ham apparatus, and so forth. Telegraph and telephone com-
munications are permitted only to convey information contained in Q codes _
and the international amateur's code. In this regard, the playing of re-
cords and tapes is categorically prohibited.
= It is probably clear to everyone that one encounters amateurs with call let- ;
- Cers on the air. But how would it be if a novice tried to call a radio hoo- !
ligan on the 160-meter band? An experienced shortwave operator would act
unequivocally, demanding that such a station shut down and act in precise ,
accord with the Instructions. And that's just what everyone should do.
As concerns collective radio stations, amateur radio observers age 12 or
over can naw operate them in the 1850-1950 kHz band.
The question might arise: wha.t about novices over 16 who want to gQ on the
air at 160 meters? The new "Temporary Instructions" extend to them, but if
they want to operate on all amateur bands, the "Instructions on Procedures
for Registering and Operating Amateur Radio Receiving and Transmitting Sta-
tions in Iadividual and Collective Use" will be in effect.
If amateurs with series EZ call letters want the right to use other amateur ;
_ bands along with the 160-meter band after they reach age 16, they will have
to obtain series U or R call letCers on general grounds.
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The following types of radiation are permitted in the 160-meter band: 1850-
1950 kHz O.lA1 (telegraph); 1875-1950 kHz 3A3A,3A3J (single sideband);
1900-1950 kHz 6A3 (AM). Maximum transmitter power: category I radio
stations up to 10 W, category II and III and novice radio stations
up Co 5 W.
Certain requirements are naturally made of transmitters made by amateurs.
Novice radio stations must ensure a relative frequency stability of not less
than 0.02 percent for 15 minutes after going on the air. In this regard, the
transmitter operating frequency must not go outside the frequency band indi-
cated in the permission to operate the radio station in any case. Telegraphs
must not be operated with a tone worse than T-7, nor telephones with a modu-
lation below M-4, and transmitters must not have parasitic radiations.
- The permission to operate an amateur radio station is effective for one year.
Large tasks now face the amateur radio operator community and DOSAAF organi-
zations. The radio-sport federations, shortwave committees and DOSAAF sports
club councils should extensively notify all primary organizations of the So-
ciety, and especir.lly those of general educational and vocational-technical
schools, about the new procedure for registering novice amateur radio sta-
tions, operating procedures, and rules for conducting radio communications.
Moreover, It is necpssary to organize propagandist appearances in the press
and broadcasts on the urban and rural radio relay network. Seminars and con-
sultations with experienced shortwave operators are very beneficial. We
should think about developing simple apparatus and should create designer
groups for this purpose. _
The State Electric Communications Inspectorate is very hopeful that permis-
sion for amateur radio operators to work in the 160-meter band will be valued
by them as a great trust, that when on the air they will display great aware-
ness and discipline, tact and sporting politeness. Operation in Che new ama-
teur radio band will be truely interesting and useful only if the eChics and
rules of ra3io-sport are followed and the procedure for registering and op-
erating radio staCions is followed. -
COPYRIGHT: Radio, 1979, No 8
11052
CSO: 5500
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
FRANCE, FRG NEAR AGREEMENT ON DIRECT TV SATELLITES
Paris AIR ~ COSMOS in French 29 Sep 79 p 32
[Article by Pierre Langereux: "Negotiations on Direct Television Broad-
casting Satellites"]
[Text] The French and German governments are expected to make a decision -
shortly on the collaborative proj ect for joint production of new national
direct television broadcasting satellites: the TVSAT in Germany and
the TDF-1 in France. The draft protocol of the intergovernmental agree-
ment was forwarded to Germany in early September. The German cabinet
is scheduled to discuss it in Bonn on 26 September. This question is also `
expected to be on the agenda of the next Giscard-Schmidt summit to be
held in Germany on 2 October. _
At the 30th Congress of the International Astronautical Eederation in
Munich, Professor Hubert Curien, president of the French CNES [National
Center for Space S~uaies], and Dr Strub, representing the FRG's Ministry .
fo~ Research and;'rechnology, told us that officials in both Paris and Bonn
now want to reai~h an agreement quickly. In fact, German and French
authorities conp,ider this the propitious time for capitalizing on previous
successful developments within the European framework and entering the
direct TV broadcasting satellite market. Professor Curien explained that I
TDF (Television Broadcasting of France] has a requirement for a national ~
~ TV broadcasting satellite (TDF-1). Dr Strub indicated that the Deutsche
Bundes Post was equally interested in the German TVSAT pro~ect.
Each of these national satellites would have five channels, including ~
three operational ones for retransmission of programs from two existing
TV channels in each country--TF-1 and ANT-1 in France, ARD and ZDF in
Germany--and for providing a new high-fidelity stereo radio service (18
programs per,satellite) throughout the country. But other European
countries are also preparing to employ direct TV broadcasting satellites. _
Luxembourg has announced it would like to lease part of the future
satellites to broadcast RTL [Luxembourg Radio and Television Service]
radio and television programs. The Scandinavian countries are also ~
preparing a direct television broadcasting satellite pro3ect called
Nordsat~ European and American firms are competing for the Nordsat
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contract. Italy which had initially coneidered collaborating in the
German program, is also intereated. ~o is Yugoslavia, etc. Farther from -
~ home, Communist China is planning to call upon European technology to -
install its national direct TV broadcasting satellite system.
Industrial Qrganization Still To Be Defined
Nevertheless, there are still a certain number of points to be settled
- to put the new Franco-German joint space project on a firm footing. Its
organization will be a follow-on to the one established in 1967 for
the Symphonie satellites, the first European cot~unications satellites.
One particular point still to be settled is $efinition of the working
methods and procedures for the industrial organization grouping contractors
from both countries. Aerospatiale in France and Messerschmitt-Boelkow-
Blohm (MBB) in Germany certainly appear to be the leading national prime
contractor candidates for the TDF-1 and TVSAT systems. Eurosatellite,
a GIE [General Interest Group], was formed about 2 years ago by Aerospat-
iale and MBB for development of the experimental European satellite H-SAT,
now replaced by a new ESA [European Space Agency] project, the L-SAT, for :
which a British firm--British Aerospace or Marconi- will be selected as ~
prime contractor. But there is no assurance that this industrial consor- ~
tium (Eurosatellite) is still the most suitable organization in the present
case for production of French and German satellites. Moreover, Aero-
spatiale and MBB are fully aware of this, inasmuch as they have recently
- renegotiated new industrial agreements with this fact in mind. ~
In Germany, MBB has already been appointed prime contractor for the first
~ pre-operational direct TV broadcasting satellite TVSAT (A3) to be launched
- in 1983. The Munich firm is associated in this program with Dornier, ERNO,
- AEG-Telefunken, and SEL.
In France, on the other hand, no firm decision has been reached since ~
cancelation of the H-SAT project. It is now obvious, however, that in
view of Matra's selection as prime contractor for the national communica-
tions satellite Telecom-1, Aerospatiale is counting mainly on the TDF-1
project--and its export prospects--to expand its space activities. Thomson- _
CSF will also be associated in development of the TDF-1 satellites.
TY~us there is still work to be done on coordinating French and German
industrial participation within a joint organizational structure and on
defining the responsibilities of the pr.ime contractors. It wi1.1 also no
doubt be necessary to spell out under what conditions the platform of
the new direct television broadcasting satellites will constitute the base
element of the "Ariane heavy platform" that is scheduled to complete the
European launch vehicle's array of equipment for future missions.
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Qn the other hand, it is now an established fact, as confirmed for us by
Curien and Strub, that the first TDF-1 direct TV broadcasting satellites
and even the TVSAT, will be launched exclusively with the Ariane rockt~.
The option of using the American Space Shuttle is no longer under con-
sideration for the moment, and there is no other posaible .~lternative,
compared with the European launch vehicle! .
COPYRIGHT: Air & Cosmos~ Paris 1979 ~
_ 8041
CSO: 5500
, ~
~
~
;
9
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INTERNATZONAL AFFAZRS
FRANCO-GERMAN DIRECT TV SATELLITE COOPERATION NOTED
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 6 Oct 79 p 51
[Article by Pierre Langereux]
[Text] The summit meeting between President Valery Giscard
d'Estaing and Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, held on 1 and 2 October
197,9 in Bonn, ended on a very positive note. The two chiefs of
sta~~e decided that France and Germany will conduct cooperatively
a p;rogram to build satellites for direct broadcasting of radio
and!~,television programs. As was expected (see AIR & COSMOS no
780;?, France and Germany.will each have their own national
direct television broadcasting satellite; this will enable them
to make a new start in the Franco-German space cooperation
begun in 1.967 with the construction of the Symphonie experimen~cal
communications satellites.
Two Satellites for the End of 1983
For the first phase, it was decided to build two pre-operational
_ satellites, one French (TDF 1) and the other German (TV-SAT),
which will be launched beginning at the end of 1983 by the new
European rocket Ariane, the CNES [Tlational Space Studies Center]
announced. There are also plans to manufacture the p arts for
a third reserve satellite. Therefore, the launch of the first
French direct television satellite will take place a little later
than expected: at the end of 1g83 instead of the beginning of
1983. And this will be only a pre-operational satellite, which
will have a partially experimental nature, at least at first.
The launch of the operational satellies should take place
towards 1985, according to the German plans. France and Germany
will then be the first countries ir the world to be operating
direct television bro~.dcasting sat~~llites.
,i
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The CNES also stated that for the French side, the prtme _
contractorship for the "space segment" (satellites and control -
' station) will be handled ~ointly by the CNES and TDF [Television
Broadcasting System of France] during the development phase, then
entirely by TDF in the operational phase of the TDF 1 system.
It is also planned that the satellites will be developed based
on a common "platform"; the payload of each satellite can be
_ developed by national industriesto meet the specific requirements
of the users. But the details of the pro~ect and especially the
_ industrial organization needed for its completion both in France
and in Germany still remain to be worked out. President Giscard
d'Estaing of course "hoped that the French and German industries
will work together in a coordinated manner" on this program.
But still remaining to be settled is the thorny issue of the
- prime contractor for the direct television satellite platform,
which will also be the first "Ariane heavy platform," and which
may have other applications with the European rocket.
Germany is asking for a leadership role in direct TV satellites
for its industries (primarily for MBB [Messerschmitt-Bolkow-
- Blohm]) in compensation for the FrencYi leadership in the develop-
ment and manufacture of the Ariane launch vehicle (for which
France paid 65 percent of the costs). But in France, Aero-
spatiale also wants to have a major role in the development of
the direct TV satellites, especially since it lost the prime
contractor's role in the national communications satellite pro-
gram.
The issue is importan~ since the development of these direct
TV satellites will enable the French and German industries to
move into a dominant position in a still untapped world market, ;
without fear of American competition. ~
i
In principle the French and Germar; satellites are to be used for
the national needs of each country, with two~channels for the
retransmission of TV programs from t~e existing channels (TF 1
and ANT 2 in France, ZDF and ARD in G~~rmany), with the third
channel to be used either for a new~stEreo radio service (up
to 18 programs) or for b roadcasting a new TV channel.
On this point, President Giscard d'Estaing made it clear that
"the national consequences of the use of such technology will,
of course, have to be examined with great care by the govern-
ment experts or agencies most competent to deal with these
matters."
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A Television Satellite for Luxembourg?
This could lead us to suppose that France--like Germany--intends
to keep the future direct television satellite for its own use,
without sharing it. Germany has asked France not to make its
satellite, or even ~ust one channel, available to foreign users,
and in p articular to Luxembourg, for broadcasting RTL [Luxembourg
Radio-Te levision System] programs. This is the condition on
which hinges the FRG's agreement to a Franco-German cooperation
- program on direct TV satellites, said a German spokesman before
the Bonn summit.
This comes as no surprise to the CLT [Luxembourg Television
Broadcasting Company], which ope~a~es t~e RTL. The head of the
CLT, Gust Graas, recently told LE MONDE that it was "not very
likely that the French satellite would accept any frequencies
except for French frequencies ~
In these conditions, Luxembourg will have to launch and operate
its own direct television satellite, as the international ITU
[International Telecommunications Union] agreements provide.
RTL is supposed to be ready to conduct the operation. A pro~ect
cost study has even been requested from three satellite builders,
includin g the Brit~sh firm, British Aerospace Dynamics Group.
With such a satellite, RTL would be able to reach a public of
about 100 million people in the heart of Europe with programs
= broadcast ~n three languages:
COPYRIGHT : Air & Cosmos, Paris, ~ 1979
76 79
CSO: 5500
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zNTERNATZONAL AFFAIRS _
TV SATELLITE SEEN COSTING 1.3 BILLION FRANCS
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 13 Oct 79 p 52 -
[Article by Pierre Langereux]
[Text] The initial study an~~ development phase for the Franco-
German direct TV satellite program, agreed upon on 2 October -
197g in Bonn by President Gi,scard d'Estaing and Chancellor '
Schmidt, will cost 1.3 bill'ion francs (1978 prices), said TDF
[Television Broadcasting Sy~atem of France], which, with the
CNES [National Space Studies Center], will act as the prime
contractor for the ~ro~ect for France. This initial phase calls
for the construction and launch--at the end of 1g83 using the
Ariane launch vehicles--of two pre-operational satellites, one
French (TDF 1) and one German (TV-SAT), plus the manufacture of
parts for a third spare satellite.
The awardin~ of contracts to industry for the development of
the satellites should, according to TDF, come in early 1980; ~
this is 6 months behind the initial pro~ectsions that called for
a decision in April 1979 with the program to start in September- ~
October 1979. Operating costs of the system and the construction
of stations for controling the satellites and broadcasting
television programs are not included in the cost announced
previously. The French stations, which will be built in the
Yonne department near the space communications center of
Bercenay-en-Othe, will cost from 20 to 30 million franes, ac- -
cording to TDF. The costs of developing the special equ~,pment
(beamed antenna and receiver adaptation box) enabling it to
receive the satellite transmission at 12 GHz are also not in-
cluded: that is an industrial matter. ~
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The cost of this initial phase--1.3 billion francs--is to be
split equally between Germany~ and Frailce (which has not said
how its share will be financed). But considering the French
leadership in the de velopment of the Ariane launch vehicle
(financed 65 percent by France), Germany has demanded a
"redistribution" on the direct TV satellites for the benefit
of German industry, which will thus get a 54 percent share,
with France gettin~ 46 percent. Germany would thus take lead-
ership in the development of the Franco-German direct TV satel-
lites. All 'che details of the Franco-German agreement are not
yet known, but the project discussed in Bonn calls for giving
the prime contractorship to a Franco=German industrial group
_ dominated by Germany, with MBB [Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm] -
- as the leader, primarily for developing the satellite platform -
in cooperation with Aerospatiale, but with a"redistribution" -
in favor of French industry (Thomson-CSF acting as coordinator)
for the development of the payloads. The users, of which TDF
is one, obviously prefer the payloads to be as similar as pos-
sib le. But the discussions are still going on now--a Franco-
German technical commission is to meet in Cologne on 15
October--to work out the specifications of the pre-operational _
satellites that will have to be as close as possible to the
def inition of the future operational sate llites.
Beyond this initial phase, nothing has yet been decided. TDF
- says it plans to launcii a second satellite 18 months after thE�
first, as a backup, and that other satellites are then to be
launched periodically to keep the service going. But a new
bi-governmental decision will certainly have to be made before
undertaking the development of operational satellites. That may
come at the time of the next Franco-German summit scheduled
in 6 months, in the spring of 1g80. At that time, the avail-
ability of the Ariane launch vehicle--the keystone of the
operation--should be assured, after the four flight qualifica-
tion tests.
The establishment of the national direct TV satellite network
depends in fact essentially on the prospects for its use. _
More precisely, the only real motivation for the French pub lic
to pay for the expensive additional equipment (2,000 to 3,000 -
francs per individual antenna, 10,000 f rancs for a community
*German sources have mentioned a participation of 330 million
DM, with 300 million DM from the BmFT and 30 million DM from -
_ the ministry of posts and telecommunications, which is higher
th an the figure announced by the French.
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antenna) to receive satellite TV transmi.ssions will come from
the drawing power o#' the "new services" which are supposed to
satisfy the aspirations of the~ma~ority--if not all-of the~
users.
Of course, the direct television satellite will complete the
national coverage of TF 1 and ANT 2 programs, which will be -
less expensive than installing another 3,250 retransmitters
(annual cost: 230 million francs). But that is of concern to
only a minute part of the users.
The duplication of present services by satellite will enable
the potential audience for our national programs to be extended
beyond our borders, reaching approximately 100 million people,
of whom 6 million are French-speaking. In addition to our
_ national territory, the French satellite will cover the entire
_ territory of Belgium, Luxemb ourg, Switzerland, and of course,
_ Andorra, and Monaco, as well as almost all of England and the
Netherlands and a good part of Austria (Vorarlberg) and of ~
Spain (the northeast sector with Catalonia and the Basque region),
Germany (the southwest, including the Rhineland and the Palati-
nate), Italy (Piedmont and Lomb ardy) and a small part of
Ireland. The expansion and inf luence of French culture will
certainly be increased, but that will only be of limited in-
terest to the population of France itself, who expect "some- ~
" thing different."
- But it is precisely about these "new services" that the French
government is being most "discreet."
We know that the pre-operational TDF 1 satellite of 1983 will i
have three channels, two to retransmit TF 1 and ANT 2 to the
- antire territory, but the use of the third channel has not yet
_ been announced. That is an unknown factor.
As for future operation2.1 satellites in 1985, France has also
planned to limit them to only three channels, while they
- could have five channels--with one TV program or 15 radio
programs per channel.
_ Has it perhaps become impossidle to reconcile the opening up ,
of modern communications technologies with the protection of ;
a monopoly in radio broadcasting?
COPYRIGHT: Ai.r & Cosmos,. ~aris, 1979
7679
CSO: 5500
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. SPAIN
BRIEFS
INVESTMENTS IN TELEFONICA--Telefonica, which is made up of state and private
enterprises that constitute the telephone monopoly, is going to invest a
total of 120 billion pesetas in telecommunications. This represents a 37
percent increase over 1979. The scarcity of capital in the Spanish market
and the restrictions placed on foreign loans by the government, however,
make the realization of this project dif�icult. [Text] [Paris VALEURS -
ACTUE'LLES in French 29 Oct 79 p 80]
CSO: 5500 END
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