JPRS ID: 8965 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

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S OECEMBER i9T9 YU. I. DUKNON, N. N. LL' I NSK I Y. C3. I. LAUSNEV i OF 3
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JPRS L/8796
~ 5 December 1979
. ~
- T ranslar`~ ~r~
~Manual on Communications and Radio-Engjneering
, Fiight S~rvices
. B~
~ Xu. I, Dukhon, N. N. II'inskiy, G. I. ~Laushev -
- ~ FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMA1~IOiV SERVICE
~ ' FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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JPRS I,/8796
5 Decemb~r 1979
MANUAL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND RADIO-ENGINEtRING
FLIGHT SERVICES
Moscow SF~~AVOCHNIK PO SVYAZI I RADIOTEKHNICHESKOMU OBESPECHEI~IIYU
POLETOV in Russian 1979 signed to press 29 Sep 78 pp 1.-287
Book by Yu.. I. Dukhon, N. N. I1'inskiy, G. I. Laushev,
"Voyenizdat" Publishing House, 17,500 copies .
CONTENTS PAGE
Part I. General Provisions on Air Traffic Contr.ol
= Communica~ions and Radio-Radar Support Services
Chapter. 1. Basic Definitions and R~quirements on CocrQnunications and
Radio-Radar Support Servic~s 1
1.1. Basic Definitions in Communications and Radio-Radar Support
Services 1.
1.2. Demands on Communi.cations and Radio-Radar Support Services G
1.3. Types of Comniunications 11 ,
Chapter 2. Modes of Cor~miunications 12
2.1. Modes of Radio Communications 12 -
2.2. Modes of Radio Relay and Line Communications 15
2.3. Modes of Signal Communications 23 _
_ Chapter 3. Modes of Air Traffic Control Radio-Radar Support
Services 24
- 3.1. riodes of Air Traffi.c Control Radar Support Services 24
3.2. Air Traffic Contr.ol Radar and Light Signal ~upport Services 27
3.3. Selection of Positions f~r Peployment of Radio-Rad.sr
Support Facilities 31
- a - [Z - USSR - F - FO;JO]
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Part II. Air Traffic Control Communications and Radio-
Radar Support Services Equipment
Chapter. 4. Ue~crtption of Radio Communications and Radio-Radar 35
Suppor[ Services I:qutpment
4.1. Parameters Characterizing Technical Capabilities of Radio
Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 35
4.2, Parameters Characterizing Tactical Capabilities of P.adio 45
Coi~unications Equipment
4.3. Parameters Characterizing Tactical Capabilities of Radar 45
a Equipment
4.4. Parameters and Indices Characterizing Tactical Capabili- 57
ties of Radio Navigation Equipment 6~
- 4.5. Description of Illumination Equipment
Chapter 5. Influence of the Atmosphere on Operation of Radio Com-
munications and Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 69
5.1. Spectrum of Electromagnetic Oscillations 69
% 5.2, Structure of the Atmosphere and Its Influence on Propaga-
_ tion of Radio Waves
5.3. Influence of the Features of Propagation of Radio Waves
of Various Bands on Accomplishment of Radio-Radar Air 75
_ Tra`fic Control Support: Tasks
5.4. Physical Properties of Radio Waves and Their InflLence on -
Utilization for Air Traffic Control Communications and 83
Radio-Ra.dar Support Services
Chapter 6. Influence of Climatic Conditions on Efficiency of Com-
munications and Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 92
6.1. Influence of Climatic Cond{tions on Operational Reliabili- 92
- ty of Kadio Eqnipment During Flight 97 _
6.2. I:r:fect of Moist~~r.~ on Radio Components 101
6.3. tiffect of Heat -~nd Cold on Radio Components 107
h,4. F.ffect of CorYosion on Radio Components ~
6.5. Influence of ~"e Biological Environment, Lipht, Dust, Sand,
and Conditions ~f Aging of Materials on Rad9.o Components 110
6.6, ~ffect of Mechanical Loads on Operation of Communications 113 -
1nd R1d'CA-Radar Support Services rquipment
- b -
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Part III. Fundamentals of Servicing and Maintenance
of Air Traffic Control Communications and Radio-Radar
Support Services Equipment
Chapter 7. Principles of Servicing and Maintenance of Communica-
tions and Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 115
7.1. Substance and Content of Servicing and Maintenance of
Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 115
7.2. Servicing of Communications and Radio-Radar Support Ser-
vices Equipment During Flight Oper2~tions 124
7.3. Putting Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services
' Equipment Into Operation 125
~ 7.4. Methodv of Trouble-Shooting Communicationa and Radio-
Radar Support Servtces Equipment 127
7.5. Urganization of Repair of Communications and Radio-Radar -
Support Services Equipment 129
7,6. Storage of Communications and Radio-Radar Support Ser-
vices Equipment 132
, 7,7. Servicing of Radio Communications and Radio-Radar Sup-
port Services Equipment by the Calendar-Paraznetric Method 134 -
7.8. Estimating the Operating Condition of Communications and
Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 137
- 7.9. Safety Measures in Operation,Servicing and Maintenance of
Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 138
Chapter 8. Electrical Measurements Employed in Communications and
Radio-Radar Support Services Equipment 144
8.1. Yrincipal Data on Metrological Support in Communications
and RTO Units 144
8.2. Measurement Errors 147
8.3. Technical Standards and Measurement of Principal Param-
eter~ of Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services i49
8.4. Metrologtcal Expert Appraisal of Communic~tions and
Radio-Radar Support Servir_es Equipment 164 =
Chapter 9. Reliability of Communications and Radio-Radar Support
Services Equipment 169
9.1. Quantitative Characteristics of Reliability 169
9.2. Redundancy in Communications and Radia-Radar Support
- Services Equipment 178 "
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1'art IV. Operation of Air '1'raFEic Control Communi-
cations and Radio-Radar Support Services
Equipment Under Conditions of Radio-In- -
terference and Jammi.ng -
Chapter. 10. Protection of Communications and Radio-Radar Support
Services Equipment Against Radio Interference and
Jamming 187
10.1. Factors Determining Protection of Communications and Radio-
Radar Support Services Equipment Against Radio Inter-
ference and Jamming 187
10.2. Methods of Protecting Radio Communications Equipment
Against Radio interference and Jamming 189
1O.3. Methoda of Protecting Ra3io-Radar Support Services _
_ Fquipment Against Radio Interference and Jamming 194
10.4. Methods of Estimating the Influence of Radio Interference
and Jamming on Operation of Communications and Radio-Radar
Support Services ~quipment 209 .
Chapter 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility of Radio Electronic
Equipment 218
11.1. Gen;eral Information on Electromagnetic Compatibility
of Radio Electronic Equipment 218
11.2. Method of Estimating Electromagnetic Compatibility of
_ Radio El~ctronic Equipment 222
Appendices
1. Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services Symbols 234
2, Some IIniversal Constants 243
3. Some Dates From the History of Development and Utilizarion
of Communications and Radio-Radar Support Services F.;~uip- _
ment 245
Aibliography 24$
Subject Index
-d-
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PUBLICA"'ION DATA -
English title , MANUAL ON COMMU~TICATIONS AND RADIO-
ENGIN~ERING FLIGHT SERVICES
Russian tita_e , SPRAVOCHNIK PO SVYAZI I
RADIOTEKHDTIGHESKdMU OB~SPE~'dCNIYU
Au~l~or (s) , Yu. I. Dukhon, N. N. I1'inskiy,
G. I. Iaushev
Ed~Ltor (s) ,
Publishing House , Voyenizdat
Place of Publication . Moscow
Date of Publication , 1979
- Signed to press . 29 ~ep 78
~opt~~b , 17,500 -
COPYRICNT , Voyenizdat, 1979
- e -
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Foiz or~~ IC1 Ai. Usr o~,Y -
}'art GENERAL PROVISIONS ON AiR TRAFFIC C~',~TR01. COM-
MUNICATIONS AND RADIO-RADAR SUPPORT Sr~RVICES
Chapter I. BASIC DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREM~NTS ON COr1MUN1CA-
TIONS AND RADIO-RADAR SUPPORT SERVICES
1.1. Basic Definitions in Communications and Radio-Radar S~nport Services
Communications and radio-radar support services are the principal means of
control of air units, subunits and individual aircrP~as.
Any disruption of communications and operation of RTO [radiotekhnicheskoye
obespecheniye radiotechnical support, rendered in this translatior. as
radio-radar sup~ort se r~icesJ leads to loss of control, which can lead to
worsening of quality and in many cases to failure to aceomplish the ~~ssigned
mission.
Air traffic conCrol communications and radio-radar support services are
assigned the following tasks:
rapid transmission and reception of high-priority signals and commands
pertaining to bringing units, subunits, and individual aircrews into tlie
required state of readiness;
~
reception at co~mnand posts of information required by a commander for
decisian-making for forthcoming actions;
tiecurement of communication of commander orders, commands and in-
structions to subordinates and receipt from subordinates oC reports on execu-
tion of the assigned task, plus various information;
securement of exchange of information between ~oordinating air forces
in performance of a common mission;
securement of control of aircraft at all stages of a mission, from
takeoff to landing;
~ecurement of. control of rear services, which provide air units with
everytl~[ng requirc~d Eor the conduct of combat operations.
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A~ti~mnniirnt Ic~n~ nnd RT(1 tiyst decrc~a4e5 wtth z de~crcatie. in
ni r dciiti t ty. Al l tliis af Pects
ttie e.lectrlcal properties of tl~e
mounting of capacitors, coils and _
a number of ott~er components,
wt~ich can f ail or change values
as a resulC of electrical bre ak- `
down. Temperature and humidity of
_ the ambient air decrease with an
increase in altitude, which also
changes the parameters of radio
- components (primarily in oscil-
lator and electromechanical sys-
tems). Thus with an increase
i.n altitude the operating con-
d i t i c~ns o F r. adio circui try
worsen. In connection with the
above, an altitude limit is speci-
Fied for transceiver.s of each _
~ type, up to which altitudes they
can be utilized for practical
operations. This parameter is
generally called altitud~~ capabil-
- ity. An increase in the altitude
cap ability of modern radio equip-
ment is achieved by sealing as-
semblies and individual components,
by employing higher-quality
diel_ectx'ics, by increasing the _
cooling surface, as we~l as by em-
ploying pressurization and forced-
air venti.? ~ ion
~~,,?,~,r 9'h i s par. am~~ ~~r .is a principal Remote control of ground radio _
_ r~,ntr~~l prirnmeter in re5olving the problem facilities can be effected at
- cn~,ril~ility of locating ~;round radio equipment a distance of up to several
away From control f.acilities for tens of kilometers, and for
p~irposes of concealment, as well airborne radio equipment up
a5 most efficient location of air- to several tens of ineters
- horne radio equipment elements on
l~o:ird an aircraft and convenience
c~f r~dio uttlization by crew mem-
bers.
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(T1hlc 4.2, cont'd) -
1'arameter Substance of Parameter Description oF Parameter as
Applied to Aviation Radio
Communications Equipment
- Remote control of ground radio
Statlons is effected by wire or
radio witi~ the aid oE individ-
ual or group radio station
devices. I~ow-power VHT'-UHr
~ transceivers are employed as in-
dividual station devices, and
radio-relay stations as group
equipment. Remote control of
- " ground stations ~r communicating
with aircraft is handled with
special remote radio control
consoles (RVPU). ThPy are used
to set up the required type of
operation, to switch from
receive to transmit and vice
_ versa, transmitter modulation,
signal volume control, tuning to
tlu~ required communication frequen
r.y (changc f'rom ane frequency to
~:nother), Servl.ce communlcation5
wttl~ radio f.acil.ity personnel, as
well as switching and adjustment
in the console power supply cir-
cuits depending on the type of
primary supply.
Airhorne radio equipment remote
control devices do the following:
staitch a transceiver on and off,
shift from one discrete frequen-
cy to another, adjust signal
volume, transmitter power (by dis-
cre.te values), and provide trans-
mitter operation readings
Kadi~ c;round radio stations employed for Stations employed with fre-
- c~yui.~~mont ~;round-to-air. communications come quent short-distance redeploy-
tr:in~,pr>rt- in kwo oasic transport versions: ment of aviation contrc~l
nt,ility triick-deployed and takedown. Gm- facilities in an area with
nnci r~~~:il,(.1. plc~ymc~nt c~f tl~e5e ver.~ions favorable Keograpliic eondi-
it~y tr~ cl~~~~encl~; on tlie tasks to be per- tions and w:ttt~ a good r.oad
~~~cr.~tc~ formed, hasing and geographic system are the truck--mounted
whilc condit~ons, version. ~
travelinK Of great importance for control- With permanent aircrafl- basinn
_ ling aircrews is the adaptabili- or with frequent long-distance =
ty of a station to operate while redepluyment of facilities,
49
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~Table G.%, cont'd)
{'aramet~r Substance of Parameter Description of Parameter as
_ Applied to Aviation Radio
Communications Equipment
traveling. Capability to oper- as well as under adverse
ate during travel is secured by geographic conditions, the
+ selecting appropriate station takedown version is employed.
operating modes and antenna ar- Radio communications taith air-
- rays with optimal radiation craft during ~tation travel
~.ikterns are secured at a distance of
up to several dozen kilometers
St~tu~~ r t me ~round radi ~ sCation setup time Modern ~round radio stations
;ind cl i ~~ir~i- ((~;urcd F ram the moment i t ar.- can be set up qu~tckly. Setting
- ti[c~n~ ~rC rlvrv at thr po5ition to tl~e up a VHi~-UfIT' stati~n takeg one
requf_r~~d moment it .tti re.-~dy for communica- half to one third the time re-
posltfbn tion oper.ati.ons. Ir is deter- quired to set up high-frequency
mined primarily by the time to f.acilities.
set up the antenna system and Site size depends on station
station remote control equipment. design (primarily antenna ar-
Mi~iimum station setup time oc- rays) and designation�
' curs when using compact antenna
systems with employment of ineans
of inechanization for setup, with
utilization of individual
station control equipment, as
- well ~s when station personnel
are suf.ficiently wel.l
drilled.
- Selection of. position is of great _
importance in the process of set-
ting up ground radio stations.
Tn choosing a station site one
- seeks to ensure the least pos-
sible number of local signal- _
blocking features, maximum dis-
tance to indiviri,ial Ln~erference
sources, observan~e oi electro-
. magnetic compatibility standards,
securemeone w171
be. .
During the day and in the summer,
when ref~ected wav~s return to a
rcception poi.nt located at a
shorter distance Erom the trans- ~
mitting station, the ~aidth of the
skip zone decreases.
The relatively Depending on the causes of this The echo phenomenon
small absorption ph~nome~ton, we differentiate exerts considerable in-
experienced by close, round-the-world, and dis- f.luence on stability -
Shor.twaves dur.i.ng ta.nt echo. of radio communications.
~rapagation con- Close echo occurs wi.th multiple In telegraph communi.ca- ~
~:(dc~rlhl~~ div- reflc~ct~on oF shortwaves irorn tions roun~-Clie-world
laii~�rr~ rn;ibl~~~: lilqiic~r tonospheric lnyc~r:~. 'I'he echo causes 5pur.ious
ti~e~e radio echo signal. lag time relativ~ to transmissions, aitd in
w:ivc~s to hencl t!ic main signal amounts to 0.2- telephone communicat~ons
- around the earth. 0.3 ms. Distant echo is a con- round-the-world echo :ts ~
Under Favorable sequence of repeat signal recep- perceived as a per-
conditions there tion from a beam propagated to sistent reverberation
~ have been observed the far upper layers of the or as an acousL-ic echo.
instanc~s of ionosphere and back-reflected Facsimile transmi~sions
multiple from electron discontinuities. are also disrupted by
propagat.ion of Round-the-world echo occurs in echo. T?~:. followtng are
shortwaves around those cases when rzdio waves employed i.t> combat
the earth. This multiply circle the earth's sur- this phenome:~o~~~ frequen-
leads to the oc- face. DirecC and reverse round- cy selection (fY~equen-
' currence of so- the-world echoes are dis- cies which, propagaCing
_ called around- tinguished. A direct rour.d-the- on a longer path, either
ttie-world radio world echo is a signal which experience substantial
echo reaches the reception point after 2bsorption or are not
circling the earth in a direct reflected at all from the
direction (lag of 0.13 s). With ionosphere), and utiliza-
r.c~ver:~e round-the-wor.ld echo, tion of Cransmilting and
arriving at the reception poiut receiving antennas which
in addition to the direct wave are highly direcCional _
[y ra wave radiated by the an- in the vertical plane
tenna in the reverse direction and with a radiation
, and ~~ropagating on a longer path pattern concentrated
(every thousand kilometers of close to the ground ~
- difference in distance resulr.s
in a lag of 0.003 s).
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.
Chapter 6. INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON EFFICIEN-
~ CY OF COMMUNICATIONS AND RADIO-RADAR SUPPORT
' SERVTCE EQUIPMENT
6.1. Influence of Climatic Conditions on Operational Reliability of Radio
Equipment During Flight - - . - _ - . - -
- Radio equipmenc ca.rried on board aircraft in flight is subjecfed to special
climatic conditions. They are characterized chiefly by reduced atmospheric
pressure, reduced temperature, and change in humidity, in relation io altitude. ~
P, mN xg t~C
. 900
B00 �60
700 +yp .
~ r 20
~ '0
-1A
t Qz
~ ~ tcp
' ~ e �~n -60 .
S - BO
100 ~~M �
~ 3 6 9 /2 �1S /B 21
Pigure 6.1. Relationship Betw:en Pressure, Temperature and Flight Altitude ~
- We know that with an in~ ease in altitude ai'r density and corresponding pres-
sure as well as temperatt~e gradually decrease. Figure 6.1 contains curves
indicating change in pressure and temperature (tmin~ tmax~ tcp~ in relation to
al titude .
- The heat capacity of air decreases with a decrease in atmospheric pressure,
as a result of wh:ich radio equipment can overheat and experience failureo
In order to prevent equipment overheating during high-altitude flign~,
- measures are tak~n 11t1d a li[~;li-Frequcncy Plelcl oCCUre, r~s a
rc~tiulC oP the pl a ~ o~
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c~ ~ a. ~ 0 3 a~ o u o~�~+ 5e 3 a~ ai 3 ~ a~ ao ~ u,~ b cd
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in damp weather:
100
R > l~
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~ where R antenna-
transmission line sys
tem insulation
resistance, ohms;
1~ length of trans
mission line, m
National standards have been established for the most important radio communica-
tions and RTO equipment parameters affecting their electromagnetic compatibility
diiring combined operution. These include the following stan3ards: allowable
transmitter frequency deviations (Table 8.4), frequency bandwidth for various
clasaes of emissions (Table 8.5), and spurious emissions power for tranamitters
of all categories and functions (Table 8.6).
154
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'I'abl.c~ 8.4. Nfltional Standurds for Allowable Freqiiency Deviations for Radio
Transmitters oE All Categories and Functions [17]
~ ~ I i i I I I! I 1 I 1 I I I I( 1 i I
O
_
b
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ( 1 I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ -
' ~ -
i I I I~i, ~3 I I I I 1 1 I I I I I ~ I i
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i R ~ ~ I I i�I I I I 53 ' I I i' ~ $ c`~ ~ I� ~
~ d--
X- I I I I I I~3 ~ I' I I I S 43 I I, I I I
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a
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Y ~ b
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~ ~ ~
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q W v~ ~ Q A -0 'A ~ SZ ,~p C Q Q ~ Q ~ O Q m~ N p~
~ p ~ O O ~ ~u fJ U ~ ~ ~ U F ~j ~ ~ ~ . ~j ~ ~ ~ ~ V
N ~
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m a~ ~c x m z m m te ~ d0 ~ �
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Y v ~p ~ ~ ~ 9 ~ 7 ~1oUV ~~~il ~'o I p It7~ I~~~ I~'~
8 1A ~ trl 1~ tC ' iC . N M O
155
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Table 8.4 (cont'd)
4= 1 t I I i I ~ I, l E I. I I I t I I l..
~ - , ~ ~
I I I. I I I I I ( I 1~ d I i i I I
d~ = t t I I., l l ~ I 1 I 1 I I I i I I I
ng - �
. .
a
I 1 i ~ ~ I I i! l 'I I I ~ f� i
I [ l 1 t I g i I I i I~ I I I I I I
e d~ - .
i~~ t~ i i ~ i i i~ i~ i~ i i i ~ t~ i
~
O
S
I~ l Pv � I I I ~ I ~ I � I r�~ I
' ~ A .
~ ~ j-
z 1 I I I . I I, I.' ' I i I I R:~ I~ 1~
~ = d � . ~ . . � �
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v $
o Q ~
K ~ ! Q
~ = w ( ~ ~ 1 ~ ' ~ O ~ ( ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
K s , �
e G ` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ th ~ � 1~ ~ ~ ~ W .W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1,
x v ~ ~
=R s t _i s ~ . ~ i i i i ~g ~ ~ r i ~ $ i
~ P ~ , .
a m~~ ` g�~ I I 1_I " 1 1~ I I ~ 1 1 I g~�.
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p v
m q y
Y~ 1 I 1 I 1! I 1 I~ I I I.. I 1 1 I 1 I�
Y G �m - ~ �
~
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a
1 t 1 1 1 I~ I I I\ ~ I I I�t'~ ~ I
F w ~ e ~ ~ ~i ~ ~ , ~i ~ ~ ~i ~ ~ s O
w pq ~p Y.F ~p ~ ~pc ' ~ e! M ~ ~a ~ ~ Fq.~
~ y ~D p~ 10 ~ 10 , ~ ~1 b ~RS~ ~ a~y.p~ ~ ~ 4~~pq~ u! .
tl�. p b fy,x ~ O~ q/~ a0 PI RI ~ R
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y: ~ N V iC a I`~
a ~i ~i ~o `b' o ~ ~b ~ ~ " ~~~~r.a.uo~r~-1 ~q 0 0 ~ ~~7~~'"~
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m W S ~ tC tq tq 10 p ~etl~ O p try c+ O 3~ tq ~ W!~
a ~ ~ mg i~ ~ ~ ~ty p~~ u ei m~laiu~ tlaa ry~ M{q
4 ~..~~cOO O O~OM ~ O T~~.I W y.p,.~~~p~ L+'J~Lr~F~ a~q
71 ~Ti~~O'~ �y9 5~31~ ~ ~p~,7�'r'Y uOq~N �~~tJ~u~~~jvCl.c+q~~~0~~p,~ ~
~ I I71Ig09I~Ia1I~llo L~itJ IalaiWa--O!^'!'~,~K1^Oa~i~l^I~1~.0^0,~;~
u~ ~ u~ m v~ ~ at n m u~~ C m-~ e u a
156
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
; . , ,
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Tahl~� 8.4 (cont'd)
4_ t! i t t 1 I" 1 I I
o �
T - , �
I I I I .I I I I I l I I I
� I I I i g~~ I I I ( I~I
d$ ~ � '
f~
H p ~ _ ' /
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O
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b y �
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a % _ ' . '
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~
a = ~ ~
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I p op , -
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s
o Q a o
R1~Ga = a - i o ~ s ~ ~ ~ ~~r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
f' c N
~ ~ ~ ~
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- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
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~ s o'" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ( ~ o
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0 0
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N I I I~ , I I o' I'I I I I o
- - ~ - -
i ~ ~ o ^d, q ~ ~ ~ ~ �'e~~.vra 8t m s .
s ea~o ~ F p m~~~y ~F~ N � ~ o a`~ G d'x
:t ~ ~ ~O t( ~N `J b0 GN ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ � � ~ ~ ~ x m
~ ,F, 'n i�ae �ur~�oa~�~r smz~ aQ~
0
S d~~ Q Q c''m�o O mx~yc^n~ ~�Ra dm~A ~ ~p�o
~ ~.o s i �'N~ a~+~ C v yy��
a~'~�,_�s �y 'mK�' ~ �'a~~vp ~ ~ g~~os ~e ~avn=
a~ f~twCf..O O~qm xd ~~FOvi~ ~O ~~O x0~~0~"Ox v
y I. uam~~..y Oe ai~ c)~bmiO~~s~! WA~y FaCt7Cx' y~b~~~ '
� = I^ I~' I~ae~.~~ I~~~p`�,~o ~ d ~~~~11 s lop"~~E~i
x am oi a=i t-e~s s p~ r~ o ~ o dw
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~ 157
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Key to Table 8.4 on preceding pages: ~
1. Transmitter ~ategories 18. Land mobile stations
2. Allowable frequency devia- 19. Radio-localization stations
tions (in millionth frac- 20. With quartz stabilization
tions of frequency (N x 10-6) 21. Without quartz stabilization
or in Hertz) 22. Radio broadcasting stations
3. Frequency band (including 23. (other than television)
upper and excluding lower 24. (television, audio and video)
boundary) ~ 25. Radio broadcasting stations
4. Fixed stations operating in frequency
5. Land stations synchronization mode
6. Shore stations ?tru kHz
7. Permanent-site air traffic M~u MHz
control stations e nonoce in band
8. Aase stations MOIIHOCTbb power
9. Mobile stations BT watts
10. Marine shipboard stations 6onee more than
11. With class A1 emission H MeHee and less than
12. With emission of other ,qo up to
classes (other than A1) eHe outside
13. Shipboard stations and
' rescue service stations Notes: 1. In column I-- allowable
14. Rescue service stations frequency deviations for oper-
15. S~iipboard emergency trans- ating radio transmitters and
mitters (transceivers) radio transmitters going into
16. Aircraft stations operation prior to 1 January 1985
].7. Crash locater beacon 2. In column II allowable
frequency deviations for radio
transmitters going into operation
after 1 January 1985 and radio
transmitters modernization of
which began after 1 January 1976
Table 8.5. Occupied Frequency Bandwidth Standards [18]
Type of Radio Cammunica 'r'ormula for Cal- Examples of Calculation of Allocaable
tions and Designation o culating Requi- Requisite Frequency Band- Out-of- 6
i:missions Class site Frequency 3 width Band ~mis-
":inawidtti Modulation Param- Requ Lsite sion ~i/2
1 I 2 etere 4 Frequen for figur-
cy B:ind ing oc-
width, cupted
Hz frequen-
5 cy b and-
with %
Amplitude Modulation
Continiious-wave tele- BH=kB B=20 Baud 100 0.5
graptiy, A1 k=5 for radio
communication
links subject to
158
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Tab~e 8.5 (cont`d)
3
1' 2 6
4 5
ading; _ o B=2 Baud
radio communica ~
links without
fading
Audio frequency tele- BH=2FM+5B F~900 Hz 1900 0.5
graphy,A2 B=20 Baud
Audio frequency tele- BH=SB B=20 Baud 100 0.5
graphy, single sideband,
suppressed carrier, A2J
Audio frequency tele- BH=FM-I-SB FM=650 Hz 850 0.5
graphy, single sideband, B=40 Baud
full carrier, A2H
Radio broadcasting, BH-2~B FB=10 Hz 20,000 0.12
double sideband, A3
Radio broadcasting, BH=FB FB=6 kHz 6000 0.5
single sideband, at-
tenuated carrier, A3A
TelePhony, single side- BH=FB FB=2700 Hz 2700 0.5
band, reduced carrier,
A3A
Radio broadcasting or Radio broadcasting FB=6 kHz 12,000 0.5
telephony in two in- in two independent
dependent frequency frequency bands,
bands, reduced or sup- Bg=2FB.
pressed carrier, A3g Telephony in two Fg=3.4 kHz 6800 0.5
independent fre-
quency bands,
Bg=2FB.
Telephony in four FB=3 kHz 12,000 0.5
independent fre-
, quency bands,
Bg=4FB
Telephony, single side- BH=FB Fg=2.7 kHz 2700 0.5
- band, full ~~arrier, A3H
Telerhony, ~;ingle side- Bg=Fg-FB FB=2.7 kHz~ 2350 0.5
bnnd, suppressed car- FH=0.35 kHz
ri.cr, A]J
Telc~~~l~ony, double side- H�2rB Fg=3400 Hz 6800 0.5
band , A3
lacsimile transmission BH=2Fn +3Fg F~=1.9 kHz 5400 0.5
taith subcarrier frequency Drum diameter
carrier modulati,on, 70 mm five lines
double sideband, A4 per mm
~ n=60 rpm
N=1100 Hz
FB=550 Hz
159
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
. . _ ,e.. .
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200030006-0

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040240030006-0
r'OR UFFICIAL US~ ONLY
Tablc~ 8.5 (cont'd)
~
3 6
1 2 4 5 -
racsimile transmission BH=Fn+1.5FB n=120 rpm 3550 0.5
wiCh subcarrier f.requen- N=220 Hz
cy carrier modulation, FB=1100 Hz
single sideband, at-
tenuated carrier, A4A '
Television video and Frequency band Number of lines 8 x 106 -
audio transmission, A5C regulated by GOST 625. Total vide
and I~3 7845-72, "Black- signal bandwidth
and-iahite televi- 7.625 MHz; audio
sion. Principal FM bandwidth, in
parameters of cluding guard- '
television broad- band, 0.375 MHz
casting 5ystem"
Mcltichannel audio fre- Bg=Fg, FB upper FB=3.4 kHz 3400 0.5
quency telegraphy, frequency of
single sideband, at- single-band
tenuated carrier, A7A channel
Multichannel audio fre- Bg=FB-FH; FB and FH=0.3 kHz 3100 0.5
quency telegraph, single Fg upper and FB=3.4 kHz _
sideband, suppressed lower single-band
ca rrier, A7J channel frequency
_ respectively ~
Complex emission in two BH=2FB; FB Fg=3.4 kHz 6800 0.5
independent sidebands, upper frequency of
suppressed or attenuated single-band
i
carrie r A9B (one side- channel
band telephony, the
otl~~~r multichiinnel
nudto fr.equency tele-
graphy) `
e uency Modulation
'I'elegraphy, F1 Fixed-location and Bg=2.6D+0.55B B=200 B~u 1410 0.5 _
moUile servicC for 1.5~m